NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Сенат США

Сена́т США (англ. the United States Senate) — верхня палата Конгресу США. Разом із нижньою палатою — Палатою представників — утворює американський парламент. Формально головою Сенату вважається віцепрезидент США. Сенат має низку виключних прав, як-от затвердження міжнародних договорів, згоду на призначення президентом міністрів (секретарів), послів та інших високопосадовців. Сенат засідає в північному крилі Капітолія у Вашингтоні, а Палата представників — у південному крилі. Порядок формування Сенат США складається зі 100 членів, обраних у різний час. Відповідно до статті першої Конституції США, до Сенату обираються по два представники від кожного штату. Кожен сенатор обирається на 6 років. Вибори в Сенат виходять із принципу рівного представництва всіх штатів, на відміну від виборів Президента США, де кількість представників штату залежить від кількості його населення. Після ухвалення сімнадцятої поправки до Конституції США з 1913 року свого представника до Сенату вибирає напряму населення штату. Раніше це робили законодавчі зібрання штатів. Кожні два роки відбуваються проміжні вибори до Сенату, які оновлюють приблизно третину його складу. В окремому штаті вибори сенаторів завжди рознесені в часі, тобто в певний рік вибирається тільки один сенатор. Посада сенатора Членство в Сенаті вважається більш престижним і значущим, ніж членство у Палаті представників. Кожен сенатор має більший вплив у верхній палаті у зв'язку з меншою кількістю сенаторів. Сенатор представляє більше виборців, ніж член Палати представників. Термін перебування сенатора на посаді втричі більший. Багато президентів і віцепрезидентів США були сенаторами. Основна діяльність сенатора проходить у комітетах (16 постійних). Порядок роботи Кожен сенатор має один голос. Віцепрезидент США є головою Сенату, проте брати участь у голосуванні може лише в тих випадках, коли голоси діляться порівну. Фактично управління Сенатом здійснюють лідери партій. Тільки Сенат має виключне право розглядати всі справи в порядку імпічменту. Засідаючи з цією метою, сенатори приносять присягу або дають урочисту обіцянку. Коли розглядається справа Президента США, на засіданні головує Голова Верховного Суду США; жодна особа не може бути засуджена без згоди двох третин присутніх сенаторів. Конгрес збирається не рідше одного разу на рік, і його сесії починаються в перший понеділок січня, якщо тільки законом Конгрес не призначить інший день. Нинішній склад На виборах, що відбулися 8 листопада 2022 року, більшість у Сенаті отримала Демократична партія — 51 сенатора зі 100. До 2016 року більшість мала Республіканська партія — 53 сенатори. Див. також Група підтримки України в Сенаті США Нотатки Примітки Посилання Офіційний сайт Сенату США
Puente memorial Woodrow Wilson

El puente memorial Woodrow Wilson (también conocido como el puente Woodrow Wilson o puente Wilson) es un puente basculante que atraviesa el río Potomac entre la ciudad independiente de Alexandria en Virginia y Oxon Hill en el Condado de Prince George en Maryland. Este puente es uno de los pocos puentes levadizos del Sistema Interestatal de Autopistas de los Estados Unidos. Este puente es el único tramo del sistema interestatal propiedad y operado por el gobierno federal.​ El puente Wilson forma parte de la interestatal 95 y la interestatal 495. El puente levadizo de la arcada original se abría unas 260 veces al año, lo que provocaba frecuentemente disrupciones en el tráfico del puente, que lo usaban unos 250.000 coches por día.​ El nuevo puente al tener una altura mayor requiere de menos aperturas. En 2008 se inauguró el nuevo puente. El equipo consultor para el puente principal sobre el río Potomac incluyó a los ingenieros de Parsons Transportation Group; el arquitecto Miguel Ángel Rosales, de Rosales + Partners; los ingenieros consultores fueron A. Morton Thomas & Associates, Inc; Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers proporcionó la ingeniería geotécnica; los subconsultores Finley McNary Engineers (pilares); y Hardesty & Hanover, LLP (vano basculante). La gestión del proyecto corrió a cargo de WSP USA, Rummel, Klepper & Kahl LLP y URS Corporation.​ El estribo occidental del puente se encuentra en Virginia, una pequeña porción en Washington D. C. y el resto en Maryland (porque esa porción del río Potomac está dentro de los límites de Maryland). Unos 90 metros de la mitad occidental del puente cruzan la punta septentrional del Distrito de Columbia. Por ello, este puente es el único puente en los Estados Unidos que cruza los límites de 3 jurisdicciones. La sección de Washington D. C. es además el segmento más corto entre dos estados del sistema interestatal de autopistas.​ El nombre del puente rinde homenaje al 28.º presidente de los Estados Unidos Woodrow Wilson, quien había nacido en Staunton (Virginia), aunque en el momento de ser elegido presidente en 1912 ejercía como gobernador de Nueva Jersey. Durante su presidencia, Wilson pasaba horas conduciendo su coche para relajarse o para despejar de la mente los problemas que se le presentaban.​ Wilson fue un defensor del automovilismo y de las mejoras en las carreteras de los Estados Unidos. En 1916 dijo que su interés en tener buenas carreteras se debe a que conectan comunidades y les permiten tener relaciones, con lo que hay una conexión con absoluta libertad y capacidad. Referencias
Woodrow Wilson Bridge

Le Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge (aussi connu comme le Wilson Bridge) est un pont basculant qui traverse le Potomac entre la ville indépendante d'Alexandria et la localité d'Oxon Hill. Situation La tête occidentale du pont se trouve en Virginie, alors que sa plus grande partie est située dans le Maryland. Environ 90 m de la portion centrale de son tablier traverse la pointe sud du District de Columbia. À l'origine, le pont supportait six voies autoroutières et faisait 1 798 m de long. Afin de permettre le passage des navires trans-océaniques vers le port de Washington, D.C., sa structure est celle d'un pont basculant. Origine du nom Il porte le nom de Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) 28e président des États-Unis acteur important de la Première Guerre mondiale, en tant qu'allié de la France. Historique Le Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge fut planifié et construit, en 1956, en tant qu'ouvrage d'art du réseau des Interstate highways. Sa construction commença en septembre 1958, puis ouvert au trafic le 28 décembre 1961. Edith Wilson, la veuve du président Wilson, mourut le matin même, elle était censée être l'invitée d'honneur de la cérémonie d'inauguration du pont. Capacité et entretien Conçu pour un trafic de 75 000 véhicules par jour, l'ancien Woodrow Wilson Bridge, en 1999, en accueillait 200 000 par jour. Ce qui causa de nombreux problèmes d'entretien dans les années 1970 déjà. Il fut entièrement re-surfacé en 1983. L'une des raisons de cet excédent de trafic est qu'il n'avait pas été prévu, à l'origine, qu'il fasse partie de l'axe majeur, nord-sud, de l'Interstate 95, mais plutôt de la ceinture de Washington. L'ancien pont Wilson a été remplacé par deux nouveaux ponts-levis côte à côte offrant un total de 12 voies et un dégagement vertical pour la navigation de 21 mètres (construction entre 2001 et 2009) Notes et références Liens externes Ressource relative à l'architecture : Structurae (en) Woodrow Wilson Bridge sur Natural Atlas Woodrow Wilson Bridge (I-495 and I-95)l Portail des ponts Portail du Maryland Portail de la Virginie Portail de Washington, D.C.
Lockkeeper's House (Washington, D.C.)

The Lockkeeper's House is the oldest building on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It was built in 1837 at what is now the southwest corner of 17th Street, NW and Constitution Avenue, NW, near Constitution Gardens. The building dates to a period when the south end of 17th Street, NW was a wharf and Constitution Avenue, NW was the location of a section of the Washington City Canal, which connected the Potomac and Anacostia rivers. An eastward extension of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C&O Canal) met the Potomac River and the Washington City Canal at a canal lock. The 350 square foot house served the canal lock keeper, who collected tolls, recorded commerce, maintained the canal and managed traffic. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. History The C & O Canal was extended between 1832 and 1833, to connect to the Washington City Canal. The lockkeeper's house was built in 1837 for toll collecting and record keeping, only to be abandoned in 1855 with the demise of the canal 30 years after its construction — which by then had ceded transportation of heavy goods to the nascent railroads and deteriorated into an open sewer. In disrepair, the building became a squatters' tenement and in 1903 was partially renovated as a headquarters for the United States Park Police, with a holding cell. The house was relocated west in 1915 and aligned in its original east-west orientation parallel to B Street, NW (now Constitution Avenue, NW), which had been constructed above former sections of the Washington Canal and of the C&O Canal Extension after the covering of the two canals. Changes made to the structure at the time included removal of the original brick chimneys and their replacement with shorter stone chimneys. On July 4, 1928, the Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks installed a historical plaque on the building's exterior. In 1940, the first floor of the building was used as rest rooms then used as storage. It ultimately sat boarded up for forty years. As the intersection grew, street and sidewalk traffic encroached increasingly on the house until the traffic became adjacent to the house. In October 2017, a National Park Service (NPS) contractor moved the building 36 feet (11.0 m) to the south and 35 feet (10.7 m) to the west (away from Constitution Avenue, NW, and 17th Street, NW) while retaining the structure's east-west orientation. The NPS restored the building's exterior to its pre-1915 modifications and replaced the structure's brick chimneys, thus restoring the building to its original 1800s appearance. The building reopened temporarily in late August 2018 and permanently on September 13 of that year. The house now serves in its new location as an NPS education center as part of the first phase of a renovation of Constitution Gardens. Pictures 1900s 2000s References External links On National Park Service's website On Trust for the National Mall website
Lockkeeper's House

La Lockkeeper's House – ou Lock Keeper's House – est une maison éclusière exposée sur le National Mall, le long de Constitution Avenue, à Washington, aux États-Unis. Construite dans les années 1830, déplacée à plusieurs reprises, elle est inscrite au Registre national des lieux historiques depuis le 30 novembre 1973. Liens externes Ressource relative à l'architecture : Registre national des lieux historiques Portail du Registre national des lieux historiques Portail de l’eau Portail de Washington, D.C.
M Street Bridge (Washington, D.C.)

The M Street Bridge, also known as the M Street Overpass, carries M Street across Rock Creek and the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway. It lies between the neighborhoods of Georgetown and Foggy Bottom in Northwest Washington, D.C. The non-arched design of the bridge contrasts with that of all the other bridges rising over the parkway. History The original wooden bridge at the site was the first in the current District of Columbia, constructed in 1788 by the City of Georgetown two years before it was incorporated into the District. The bridge reportedly collapsed during a severe storm, leading to a legend that the ghosts of a stagecoach driver and his horses that drowned in the collapse could be seen thereafter, still attempting to cross the bridge. It was replaced by a heavy wooden drawbridge in 1800, as Rock Creek was wide and deep enough that sailing ships needed to transit the bridge at that time. However, the creek became unnavigable by the 1830s due to silt from upstream construction and agricultural uses, as well as the construction of a quay obstructing the mouth of the creek. A covered wooden bridge replaced the drawbridge in 1839, followed by a steel-truss bridge in 1871, which was closed in 1925 because it had become structurally unsound. Remnants of the western abutment of the 1871 bridge still exist adjacent to that of the current bridge. Design The current bridge was initially contemplated as a steel-girder bridge for cost reasons and the belief that an arch bridge could not be built large enough to accommodate the parkway, then planned to run underneath it. The bridge was one of the few to be designed solely by the office of the District of Columbia Engineer of Bridges without input from an outside private firm. The United States Commission of Fine Arts (CFA), the agency tasked with reviewing architectural projects in the capital, under Charles Moore opposed the design because it did not conform with the other park bridges, which were designed to harmonize with their surroundings. The designers attempted to compromise by encasing the bridge in concrete and adding ornamentation. Still, Moore was not appeased, calling the new design "a brutal bridge, entirely inconsistent with any other parkway treatment" and stating that "the design is fundamentally bad. A bridge constructed along such lines would be a perpetual eyesore." Moore also objected that adding ornamentation would not satisfy the bridge's fundamental design principles perceived as lacking. The D.C. Board of Commissioners decided to proceed with the design despite the formal disapproval of the CFA since the legislation authorizing the bridge specified a steel-girder design and only mandated consultation with the CFA but did not require that their recommendations be followed. This situation led to the passage of the Shipstead-Luce Act in 1930, which gave the commission legal authority to enforce their decisions. The bridge was constructed in 1929 and 1930. See also List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Washington, D.C. References
Rose Garden (Casa Bianca)

Il Rose Garden è un giardino della Casa Bianca, situato tra lo Studio Ovale e la West Wing. Storia Realizzato nel 1913 da Ellen Louise Wilson, moglie del presidente Thomas Woodrow Wilson, è stato ristrutturato durante la presidenza Kennedy. Nel 2020 ha subito modifiche volute da Melania Trump, al fine di migliorarne l'accessibilità, l'impianto elettrico e quello di scarico. Nel 2025 l'erba è stata sostituita da un patio pavimentato. Al giardino è associata l'espressione inglese Rose Garden strategy che indica una campagna elettorale svolta dal presidente uscente sfruttando la popolarità del ruolo. Il termine venne utilizzato durante l'elezioni presidenziali del 1976 da Jimmy Carter, poi accusato di adottare la stessa strategia nelle elezioni del 1980. Note Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Rose Garden Collegamenti esterni (EN) The Rose Garden, su White House Museum (archiviato dall'url originale il 21 marzo 2020). (EN) White House Gardens, su White House.
Roseiral da Casa Branca

O Roseiral da Casa Branca (Rose Garden, em inglês) é um jardim situado no Gramado Sul da Casa Branca, local de gabinete e residência oficial do Presidente dos Estados Unidos. Desde as reformas promovidas por Donald Trump em 2025, o roseiral em questão é um pátio retangular cercado por canteiros de rosas servindo como eixo de ligação visual entre o Salão Oval e a Ala Oeste da residência. O espaço possui aproximadamente 38 metros por 18 metros (125 pés de comprimento e 60 pés de largura) e serve de contraponto estético e visual ao Jardim Jacqueline Kennedy, situado na Ala Leste da residência. Design e horticultura O Roseiral da Casa Branca foi criado em 1913 por Ellen Axson Wilson, esposa de Woodrow Wilson, no local de um jardim colonial anterior estabelecido pela Primeira-dama Edith Roosevelt (esposa de Theodore Roosevelt) em 1902. Antes de 1902, a área continha extensos estábulos, abrigando vários cavalos e carruagens, nas terras do atual Salão Oval, Sala de Gabinete e do Roseiral. Durante a reeleição de Roosevelt em 1904, a Primeira-dama Edith Roosevelt insistiu em ter um jardim colonial adequado para ajudar a substituir a casa de rosas do conservatório que antes ficava ali. Ela conseguiu porque achava mais apropriado ter um jardim na propriedade. Referências
Vita husets rosenträdgård

Vita husets rosenträdgård (engelska: White House Rose Garden) är en trädgård utanför Ovala rummet och Västra flygeln i Vita huset i Washington, D.C., USA. Rosenträdgården ligger på motsatt sida av Jacqueline Kennedys trädgård på östra sidan om residenset (huvudbyggnaden). Dess storlek är 38 meter gånger 18 meter vilket ger en yta om 684m². Den nuvarande trädgården har funnits sedan 1913, då den grundades av Ellen Louise Axson Wilson (Woodrow Wilsons fru) på platsen där en tidigare koloniträdgård grundades av Edith Roosevelt (fru till Theodore Roosevelt) 1902. Referenser Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, 27 april 2013. Fotnoter Externa länkar Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Vita husets rosenträdgård.﻿
Madison Hall

Madison Hall, formerly known as the Flagler Apartments, is a residence hall on the campus of George Washington University (GW) in Washington, D.C. The building was designed by Stern and Tomlinson and was built in 1926. The building is representative of the apartment buildings that were built from the 1920s to the 1940s that have been acquired by the university and converted into dormitories. GW bought the building in 1957 and replaced its manually operated elevators during its renovations. The building was named for both James Madison and Dolley Madison. It was listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites and the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. See also H.B. Burns Memorial Building Corcoran Hall Fulbright Hall Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis Hall Munson Hall Stockton Hall Hattie M. Strong Residence Hall References External links Media related to Madison Hall at Wikimedia Commons
Maret School

Maret School is an independent, non-sectarian, college-preparatory day school in Washington, DC with 650 students in grades K–12. Three immigrant sisters, Marthe, Louise, and Jeanne Maret, left their home in Geneva, Switzerland at the turn of the twentieth century and created the school in 1911. History In the late 1800s and early 1900s, three French sisters, Mlles. Marthe, Louise, and Jeanne Maret, left their home in the village of Marignan (Sciez) in France close by Geneva, Switzerland, to teach. Louise taught in Russia, Jeanne in the Philippines, and Marthe (who became blind at age 18), in Washington, D.C. By 1911, Louise and Jeanne had joined Marthe in Washington, where they were inspired to bring an international flavor to education. They founded the Maret French School, later named Maret School. In 1923, the sisters moved the school to 2118 Kalorama Road with an enrollment of 62 culturally diverse students. By 1950, Margaret Williams had joined the school, which she led for the next 18 years. In 1952, growing enrollment compelled the school's board of trustees to secure a larger campus at 3000 Cathedral Avenue, NW. In 1953, boys were admitted to the Upper School. By 1966, enrollment totaled 375 students. Maret School was led by three headmasters throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s: William Laxner, William Layton, and John Francis. Starting in the mid-1970s, Peter A. Sturtevant Sr. led Maret for two decades. To accommodate a growing enrollment, the school added additional facilities for athletics, arts, and academics. Marjo Talbott replaced Sturtevant as headmaster in 1994. After serving Maret for 29 years, she retired in 2023 and was succeeded by Dennis Bisgaard. Current profile Maret's student body consists of 650 students. 54% of students and 39% of faculty identify as People of Color. 71% of faculty hold advanced degrees. 26% of students receive financial aid. Notable alumni Peter Matthew Bauer: musician Sean Davis: professional football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers Anthony Dobbins: professional basketball player and coach Luka Garza: professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics Catie Lazarus: entertainer, writer Sonja Lyubomirsky: professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Riverside; author of The How of Happiness J. Lorand Matory: anthropology professor at Duke University Christof Putzel: journalist Theodore Shapiro: composer best known for film scores, including State and Main, 13 Going on 30, Along Came Polly, The Devil Wears Prada, and Fun with Dick and Jane Yeardley Smith: actress best known for voicing Lisa Simpson on The Simpsons Josh Stamberg: actor Dan van Holst Pellekaan: deputy premier of South Australia Rosalind Wiseman: author of the 2002 New York Times best-selling book Queen Bees and Wannabes, the basis of the 2004 film Mean Girls References
Margaret Murray Washington School

Margaret Murray Washington School, also known as the M.M. Washington Career High School, is a historic structure located in the Truxton Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It was entered in the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. History The main block of the school was opened in 1912 as the O Street Vocational School. It was designed by District of Columbia Municipal Architect Snowden Ashford. The school was renamed for Margaret Murray Washington, the wife of Booker T. Washington, in 1926. She had been a leader of several black feminist organizations and the anti-lynching movement. Additions designed by Albert Harris and Albert Cassell were added in 1928 and 1938 respectively. A gymnasium was added in 1971. The curriculum provided "manual training for boys and domestic science and art for girls." Nursing was added during World War II and it was accredited afterwards. The school offered instruction to students at area elementary schools as well as high-school-age students who made up its student body. The building was one of many schools closed in 2008 as part of budget cutting measure. In 2012, work began to turn the school into senior housing which opened in 2013 as the 82 apartment House of Lebanon. See also John Fox Slater Elementary School building was annexed to Washington Career High School from 1951 to 1958 References
Marion Park

Marion Park is a public park named after Revolutionary War leader Francis Marion also known as The Swamp Fox. It is located at 4th Street, 6th Street, and E Street, Southeast, Washington, D.C., in the Capitol Hill neighborhood. Locally, it is known informally as Turtle Park because of the large concrete turtle in its playground. History Marion Park was first established as open ground, dating back to the original plans for the city created by Pierre L'Enfant in 1791. Also included in updated plans from Andrew Ellicott, this reservation has served continuously as a park since its first improvements in 1885. It is one of the larger parks in the Capitol Hill area. In 1764 the tract of land was known as Houp's Addition, and was owned by Jonathan Slater. In 1791, Mr. Slater sold the tract to William Prout, who then had to turn over the land to the federal government soon after. Improvements were made by 1886 which gave the park an ornamental elegance in the developing neighborhood. A large vase in the center of the park was filled with tropical flowers every summer. This "Large Hilton Iron Vase" was used to direct the flow of traffic through the park through the carriage paths. In 1963, the vase was removed, and the traffic patterns were redirected outside of the boundaries of Marion Park. A statue to Francis Marion was authorized on May 8, 2008. However it was met with opposition by some local residents. It was argued that they were not consulted by the federal government on the placement of the statue in a DC park. In addition the figure of Francis Marion is controversial as he fought Native Americans and was a slave owner. Uses The park has a playground, and is a popular place to bring dogs. References External links Marion Park on Wikimapia