Denver Millennium Bridge

The Denver Millennium Bridge is the world's first cable-stayed bridge using post-tensioned structural construction. Located near LoDo (Denver's lower downtown), in Riverfront Park, it connects the 16th Street Mall with the Commons Park in the Central Platte Valley District of the Union Station neighborhood. The bridge is one of three pedestrian bridges between Downtown Denver and the Highland neighborhood. Design The name, Denver Millennium Bridge, honors a milestone in time in addition to Denver's architectural development. To meet the structural challenge of spanning 130 feet (40 m) without a steep increase in elevation, the deck's structure must be as thin as possible while remaining stable. The bridge uses a steel frame that derives its stiffness from tension by using a single mast that is tilted toward one end of the bridge. Cables supporting the bridge deck are welded to both sides of the mast, but cable to foundation anchors attach to the mast only from the side of the bridge toward which the mast is tilted. Supportive tension is created by using the mast as a lever to pull the deck up into a shallow arc, keeping the opposite end of the bridge secured by two steel rods. With the mast raised, concrete was poured onto the metal deck frame, pushing the deck into place and applying tension to the cables. The post-tensioned structural construction allows for a substantially thinner 6-inch-thick reinforced concrete slab-on-metal deck. The deck structure is supported by secondary I-Beams, and has an average width of 80 feet (24 m). History Preliminary work on the $9-million footbridge began in 1999. The structural and civil engineering firm Ove Arup & Partners, in conjunction with the architectural design company ArchitectureDenver, developed the design. Contractor Edward Kraemer & Sons, Inc. implemented the design, subcontracting Colorado Bridge and Iron to fabricate the steel components. The mast was constructed of cone-shaped steel plate sections welded together to form a 3-foot (1 m) base, 7-foot (2 m) midsection and 1.5-foot (.5 m) tip diameter. Glass-enclosed elevator towers on both ends of the footbridge accommodate pedestrians who have difficulty climbing the stairs leading up to either end of the bridge from street level. The Millennium Bridge was completed and officially opened by Denver Mayor Wellington Webb on April 22, 2002. On April 24, 2014, a $1-million renovation began on the footbridge to make the bridge more accessible to pedestrians, along with LED lighting upgrades to improve energy efficiency. See also Platte River Bridge Highland Bridge Awards 2002 Urban Design Merit Award, Denver Chapter American Institute of Architects Gold Award, New York Association of Consulting Engineers "Engineering Excellence Awards 2003" Photo gallery References Wagner, Hol “Millennium Bridge Rising in Denver’s Central Platte Valley”, Rocky Mountain Construction (August 27, 2001) “Mast-Raising Creates New Denver Landmark” (June 22, 2001) Colorado Construction—Newswatch “Innovative Engineering in Colorado” Engineer It! Innovative Engineering in Colorado Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Denver Museum of Nature & Science “Raising the Mast on Denver Millennium Bridge” (July 27, 2001) Arup “Denver Millennium Bridge Opens” (April 26, 2002) Arup “Standout Mast is up on Denver Millennium Bridge” (June 25, 2001) Arup Collis, Hugh (September 2003) "Denver Millennium Bridge, Colorado, USA 1999 - 2002" Transport, Engineering and Architecture. Burlington, MA: Architectural Press. ISBN 0-7506-7748-1 Eddy, John "Denver Millennium Bridge", The Arup Journal, 2003, n. 1 v. 38 .