NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Biosfeer 2

Biosfeer 2 (Engels: Biosphere 2) is een 1,27 hectare grote constructie in Oracle (Arizona) (VS), gebouwd om een gesloten ecologisch systeem na te bootsen. Bouw Biosphere 2 werd tussen 1987 en 1989 gebouwd naar een ontwerp van I.M. Pei door het bedrijf Space Biosphere Ventures van de initiatiefnemers John Polk Allen en Margret Augustine. Het project werd in de jaren negentig gebruikt om te zien of mensen in een gesloten biosfeer konden leven, terwijl ze ook wetenschappelijke experimenten uitvoerden. Het onderzoek toonde het gebruik van gesloten biosferen in ruimtekolonies aan, en de manipulatie van een biosfeer, zonder die van de aarde te beschadigen. De naam komt van het idee dat de eerste biosfeer onze aarde is. De benodigde investering van circa 200 miljoen dollar voor het project was afkomstig van oliemiljardair Edward Bass. Problemen tijdens de missies Het project bestond uit twee gesloten missies. De eerste was van 26 september 1991 tot 26 september 1993, de tweede duurde 6 maanden en vond plaats in 1994. Missie 1 Tijdens de eerste expeditie zakte het zuurstofniveau. Van de 20,9% die doorgaans voorkomt op zeeniveau zakte het tot 14%. Toen het zuurstofniveau op ca. 16% kwam, kregen de biosfeerbewoners last van hoogteziekte. Nog voordat het zuurstofniveau op 14% kwam te liggen, kregen vier van de acht bemanningsleden al zuurstof in hun slaapkamers bijgevuld. Genoodzaakt door deze problemen werd besloten om door een zuurstofinjectie het peil weer op te krikken tot een niveau tussen de 18 en 19%. 16% werd als ondergrens ingesteld, omdat onder dit niveau de stress enorm toenam. Naast deze injectie werden ook nog 30.000 roofmijten de biosfeer ingebracht om de plaag van spintmijt tegen te gaan. Missie 2 Deze begon op 6 maart 1994 en zou tien maanden duren, maar werd na zes maanden gestaakt. De crew bestond uit Norberto Romo (kapitein), John Druitt, Matt Finn, Pascal Maslin, Charlotte Godfrey, Rodrigo Romo en Tilak Mahato. Op 5 april om 11:57 uur lieten Abigail Alling en Mark Van Thillo, leden van de eerste missie, een spoor van vernieling achter. Vlak na het incident verliet kapitein Norberto Romo (toen getrouwd met Margret Augustine) de biosfeer. In zijn plaats kwam Bernd Zabel, die eerder als kapitein op de eerste missie genomineerd was, maar op het laatste moment was vervangen. Twee maanden later werd Matt Finn door Matt Smith vervangen. De missie eindigde op 6 september 1994. Trivia De film Bio-Dome is een parodie op het project Biosphere 2. In de Sovjet-Unie werden ook dergelijke experimenten gehouden, waarvan BIOS 3 (Biosfeer 3; vanaf 1968) het bekendste is. Biosfeer 2 was een belangrijke inspiratie voor Big Brother en De Gouden Kooi. In seizoen 11 van het Play4-programma De Mol, dat in Arizona werd opgenomen, vond de laatste opdracht plaats in Biosfeer 2. De drie finalisten werden hier opgesloten en moesten binnen 1 uur proberen te ontsnappen om € 5000,- te verdienen. Hiervoor konden ze onderweg aanwijzingen vinden, maar moesten ze ook de verleiding kunnen weerstaan om geheime informatie over de Mol te lezen voor de finaletest. Dit kostte per keer € 1000,-.
Biosfera 2

Biosfera 2 (ang. Biosphere 2) – budowla w miejscowości Oracle, hrabstwa Pinal, stanu Arizona. Wielka szklarnia, która miała naśladować zamknięty system ekologiczny. Została zbudowana w latach 1987–1989 przez John Polk Allen, Space Biosphere Ventures i innych. Głównym celem budowli były badania nad możliwością utrzymywania ludzi (naukowców) w zamkniętej biosferze. Naukowcy badali w Biosferze 2 możliwość użycia zamkniętych biosfer w kolonizacji kosmosu, a także mieli okazję prowadzić badania nad prawdziwą biosferą nie szkodząc biosferze Ziemi. Nie istniał nigdy, jak sugeruje nazwa, projekt Biosfera 1. 2 w nazwie symbolizować ma alternatywną biosferę względem tej, w której ludzie żyją na co dzień. W teorii, zamknięci wewnątrz ochotnicy mieli utrzymywać swoje życie tylko dzięki własnoręcznie wyhodowanej żywności i tlenie uzyskanym wyłącznie z roślin pod szklarnią. Jednak o wiele częściej niż przewidywano, trzeba było dostarczać im tych rzeczy, a także lekarstw. Rośliny były podatne na choroby, a ich zastąpienie nie było wydajne bez otwierania drzwi. Ilość i jakość plonów była nieproporcjonalna do wysiłku i czasu ich uzyskiwania. Tak więc, problem utrzymania się przy życiu bez zaopatrzenia ziemskiego nie został rozwiązany. Projekt budowy Biosfery 2 kosztował 200 milionów USD. Całą kwotę zafundował Edward Bass. Od czerwca 2006 budowla już nie jest zupełnie szczelna, a na terenie posiadłości ma być wybudowane nowe osiedle. 27 czerwca 2011 ogłoszono, że właścicielem Biosfery 2 z dniem 1 lipca 2011 zostanie oficjalnie Uniwersytet Arizony. W kulturze Projekt został sparodiowany w serialu Johnny Bravo w odcinku Eksperyment Biosfera (Biosphere Johnny). Motyw wykorzystany został także w filmie z 1996 Eko-jaja (Bio-Dome) w reżyserii Jasona Blooma. Przypisy Linki zewnętrzne Biosfera 2 – strona oficjalna (ang.) Krzysztof Lewandowski, Biosfery w: Mars Society Polska, 2000-02-05 Discover Magazine: Jordan Fisher Smith "Life Under the Bubble" 2010-12-20 Jane Poynter (tłumaczenie na język polski: Krystian Aparta): Życie w Biosferze 2. [w:] TED: Ideas worth spreading > Talks [on-line]. www.ted.com, marzec 2009. [dostęp 2013-05-15]. (ang.).
Biosphere 2

Biosphere 2 är ett laboratorium i Pinal County utanför Tucson i Arizona, USA, som omfattar 13 000 m² av omslutet ekosystem. Med början den 26 september 1991 gjordes ett seriöst vetenskapligt försök att i Biosphere 2 skapa en konstgjord biosfär. Fyra män och fyra kvinnor skulle vara självförsörjande under två år vilket innebar att de skulle återanvända syre, vatten och avfall, och producera sin egen mat. Finansiering och resultat Oljemiljardären Edward Bass donerade över 200 miljoner dollar till förverkligandet av projektet. Försöket misslyckades, eftersom syret snart tog slut, skördarna slog fel och vattenmassorna slammade igen. Men istället för att avbryta projektet smugglades mat och syre in i biosfären. De åtta invånarna överlevde, men misslyckandet övertygade många inom NASA och andra forskare att resor till planeten Mars inte skulle vara praktiskt genomförbara. Källor
Mercy Gilbert Medical Center

Mercy Gilbert Medical Center is a full-service, 197-bed Catholic hospital in Gilbert, Arizona, United States. The hospital is owned by Dignity Health. Mercy Gilbert opened in 2006 to provide health care in the rapidly growing Gilbert area. It was the first full-service and second hospital to open in Gilbert, which previously had no hospitals of its own. A tower under construction at Mercy Gilbert will house a branch of Phoenix Children's Hospital, in which Dignity Health holds a minority stake. History In 2003, two companies presented plans for hospitals in the same general area of Gilbert, Arizona, along the under-construction Santan Freeway. Catholic Healthcare West (CHW) presented its proposal for a 120-bed facility, while Banner Health was also considering a hospital in the area. Approved in November 2003 as the Gilbert Medical Campus, CHW named the facility the Mercy Gilbert Medical Center in acknowledgement of the Sisters of Mercy, co-sponsors of the system's hospitals. By the time construction was under way in 2004, Banner had abandoned its plans for a nearby facility. Construction workers had to plow over alfalfa fields and chase off sheep in the previously agricultural area. The first phase of Mercy Gilbert Medical Center opened on June 5, 2006, a week before the Santan Freeway extension to Val Vista Road opened. It was Gilbert's first full-service hospital and the second in the town overall, after the Gilbert Emergency Hospital, which opened its doors four months prior. It had 88 beds, with plans already under way to continue expansion. The campus, built at a cost of $152.5 million, also included a four-story medical office building. Population growth in the region at the time was such that CHW's Chandler Regional Hospital saw little relief in its emergency room caseload after Mercy Gilbert, just 10 minutes further east on the freeway, opened. After an expansion in 2009, the hospital had 206 beds. In 2012, CHW changed its name to Dignity Health. In 2017, Dignity Health and Phoenix Children's Hospital (PCH)—in which Dignity owns a 20-percent stake—announced plans to build a new tower at Mercy Gilbert to house a branch of Phoenix Children's Hospital with a 50-bed pediatric wing—including a Level III-B neonatal intensive care unit—as well as 24 rooms for labor and delivery, to be administered as part of Mercy Gilbert. Previously, the hospital had opened a pediatric unit in 2008, only to close it in 2011 due to underutilization and the agreement with PCH. Known as Phoenix Children's Hospital–East Valley, the facility forms part of a regional expansion into satellite facilities on the edges of the Valley by the children's hospital. Originally scheduled to open in 2023, it was not in service as of May 2024. References
Centro de Artes de Mesa

El Centro de Artes de Mesa​ (en inglés: Mesa Arts Center)​ es un complejo de artes escénicas y visuales situado en el centro de la ciudad de Mesa (Arizona),​ al sur de los Estados Unidos.​ Con más de 210.000 pies cuadrados, la instalación costó 95 millones de dólares, y se concluyó en 2005, convirtiéndose en la mayor escuela de artes integrales en el estado. El Centro de Artes de Mesa abarca cuatro salas de espectáculos, desde el íntimo Farnsworth Studio Theatre con 99 asientos hasta el Ikeda Theatre con 1.600 asientos. El centro alberga el Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Mesa, que cuenta con cinco galerías de arte con 510 m2 de espacio de exposición. La instalación también cuenta con 14 estudios únicos de arte visuales y escénicas. Las áreas de usos múltiples en todo el campus brindan espacios de presentación y reunión tanto en el interior como al aire libre. Arquitectura La arquitectura de todo el complejo es principalmente posmoderna. Cuenta con ángulos agudos y dentados, paredes inclinadas, techos inclinados y paredes de vidrio, y es un reflejo de la cultura vernácula local, tanto en colores como en materiales. El campus está inspirado en una geoda y guía a los peatones desde los muros exteriores de hormigón hasta un espacio central de vidrio, agua y color. Este campus ha sido diseñado para reflejar el desierto de Sonora. El complejo fue diseñado por la firma de arquitectos Bora Architects, de Portland (Oregón), en asociación con DWL Architects + Planners, Inc., de Phoenix (Arizona). Martha Schwartz actuó como arquitecta paisajista para el proyecto. Michael Tingley fue el arquitecto principal de Bora Architects, que se asoció con Schwartz en la creación de este complejo. Shadow Walk es un paseo importante que atraviesa el campus y que está bordeado de jardines al aire libre, patios hundidos, espacios para espectáculos, fuentes de agua, pérgolas de acero inoxidable y marquesinas gigantes. Además del Shadow Walk, se ha agregado arte público a la arquitectura para conectarla con la comunidad. Por ejemplo, se han colocado obras como "Paisajes fragmentados" de Ned Kahn, "Colorwalk" de Beth Galston, "Light Storm" de Catherine Widgery y "Memento" de Rebecca Ross. Véase también Historia de Estados Unidos Historia de Arizona Referencias
Mesa Riverview

Mesa Riverview is an outdoor shopping center in Mesa, Arizona (part of the Phoenix metropolitan area) located in the northwestern corner of the city near Loop 202 and Dobson Road. The shopping center has a gross leasable area of 1,115,112 square feet (103,000 m2). Anchor stores include Bass Pro Shops, Cinemark Theatre, Home Depot, Bed Bath and Beyond, Petco, Walmart, Marshalls, Office Max, and Jo-Ann Fabrics. The shopping center is currently owned by Kimco Realty Corp. History De Rito Partners, the developer of the mall, began seeking approval from the Mesa City Council in 2005 with plans for commercial, retail, offices, and automotive dealers. Several ballot measures were proposed to change the zoning for the site, formerly a cotton field, and give tax incentives to the developers, which passed on referendum. Construction began in 2006 and stores began to open in 2007. In 2012, part of the Mesa Riverview complex was demolished to provide a more pedestrian-friendly means of access to the outdoor parts of the mall. This was carefully observed by City of Mesa planning officials as the development had been given over $80 million in financing tax incentives to build the complex. The property is located less than 2 miles (3.2 km) away from neighboring outdoor mall Tempe Marketplace in such a way that both malls compete for similar traffic, with Arizona State University students primarily being drawn to the Tempe Marketplace mall. See also Sloan Park References Powell, Brian (December 20, 2005). "Mesa Riverview retailers can start building". East Valley Tribune. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved May 17, 2008. Archived copy, archived from the original on September 26, 2007, retrieved July 16, 2007: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) External links Official site
Metro Tech High School

Metro Tech High School is a high school that forms part of the Phoenix Union High School District in Phoenix, Arizona. History The school occupies the site of the former West High School, which closed in 1983. The school opened in 1985 as Metro Tech Vocational Institute. The school received its current name in 1999, as it became a comprehensive high school, transitioning away from its beginnings as a vocational school that only focused on entry-level work skills. Student population In the 2017-2018 school year, 1,797 students attended the school. 96.5% of the school's student population are identified as "Hispanic". Academics The school's graduation rate in 2017 is 95%, while attendance rate is 94.8%. Students at the school are required to complete one or more of the 20 Career & Technical Education programs that are offered. Sports In January 2016, Metro Tech's application for full membership with the Arizona Interscholastic Association was approved by its executive board. From 2016 to 2018, the school's team competes in the 4A Region 2 tier, along with teams at Cactus, Greenway, Moon Valley, Peoria and Sunrise Mountain high schools. References External links Metro Tech High School
Mohave Community College

Mohave Community College (MCC) is a public community college with campuses in Kingman, Lake Havasu City, Bullhead City, and Colorado City, serving Mohave County, Arizona and the surrounding communities. MCC is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. History In October 1970, a public vote established MCC as a county college and elected its first board of governors. The board planned to have three campuses (in Kingman, Bullhead City and Lake Havasu City), later expanding to Colorado City. In June 1971, J. Leonard and Grace Neal donated 160 acres of land north of Kingman where the college's first facilities were developed, and in October 1972, McCulloch Properties donated a parcel of land located in Lake Havasu City. The college became part of the Arizona State System of Community Colleges in 1974, and received full accreditation from the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools in 1981. Academics In the early 1970s, MCC's courses were offered at night and were occupational in nature. In 1981, the college started offering nursing classes and was accredited in 1982 – eventually partnering with Allied Health. In the late 1980s, MCC became the primary provider of Adult Education/GED program services in Mohave County. MCC's programs expanded to include Business, Culinary Arts, Computer Information Systems, Education, Engineering, Industrial Technology, Liberal Arts & Sciences, and Public Safety & Legal Studies. Recently, the school welding program has grown significantly and met national standards. MCC also has a long history of distance education. In the late 1980s MCC began delivering instruction by videotape and connected the campuses by telecommunication links. Presently, the school utilizes online classes and smartboard technology for distance education. Enrollment and demographics Enrollment at MCC has increased since its founding in 1981. In 2008, Mohave Community College placed 24th nationally among community colleges in enrollment growth. As of 2011 it had 1,707 full-time students and 4,400 part-time students on all campuses, with 64% being female and 75% being non-Hispanic white. References External links Official website
Mohave High School

Mohave High School is the high school for Bullhead City, Arizona. It is operated by the Colorado River Union High School District. Athletics The Thunderbirds were the Class B state basketball runners-up in the 1972–73 season, won the Class B state football title in 1973, and were the Class B state football runners-up in the 1974 season. (Class B was the equivalent to the 2A Conference.) The Thunderbirds were the 4A Division II state basketball champions in 2006. The Thunderbirds placed 1st place in Division 2 of Cheerleading in the 2013–2014 Season at the AIA Spiritline State Qualifier on November 9, 2014, taking place at Estrella Foothills High School in Goodyear, Arizona. Mohave High School has an award-winning marching band. In 2016, they won caption awards for Best Percussion, Best Auxiliary, and Best overall feel. The Mohave High Marching Band or "Thunder Band" placed 14th in State Finals in 2016. In 2018, Mohave's softball team gained honors through winning the 4A Grand Canyon region championship, as well as placing fourth in the 4A State Tournament. Head coach, Shannon S Patterson, also gained honors. She received 4A Grand Canyon region coach of the year in 2018, and 4A conference coach of the year in 2018. Notable alumni J. J. Ambrose, professional mixed martial artist Joshua Bruns, professional wrestler and former college football player Seamus Dever, actor References External links District website
Moon Valley High School

Moon Valley High School is a public high school in Phoenix, Arizona, United States, and is a part of the Glendale Union High School District, which opened in 1965. Moon Valley is one of Arizona's leading educational establishments and is an excelling school according to the Arizona Department of Education. According to the brochure on their website, in 2017, they had a 96% graduation rate and an 80% extracurricular activity rate. History The campus was designed by local architects Varney, Sexton Sydnor Associates who were responsible for other schools in the area. Construction was completed by Chanen Construction Company. Unfinished buildings, blowing dirt, lack of grass and lack of facilities caused the high school's delayed opening in September 1965. At the time of opening, the number of faculty was 25. During the 1973–1974 school year, Moon Valley was on double session due to an increasingly expanding metropolitan area. Thunderbird High School, which is about two miles east of Moon Valley, was under construction, but not yet opened. Renovations took place on the campus during the 1976–1977 school year. Moon Valley began operating as a closed campus in the fall of 2002. In 2009, the campus opened a new building called the blast center where students go before and after school to receive help with their work. The school now has a day care on campus run by the child development class. In 2010, the culinary lab/class was renovated and designed to look and function like a restaurant's kitchen. Awards Moon Valley High School was awarded Healthiest School in Arizona by the national Got Milk? Contest in September 2006. One award was granted in each of the 50 states, and was accompanied by a US$1,000 grant for improving the health awareness of students. In 2010, MVHS was awarded the State Department of Education Spotlight on Success Award. The school is ranked among the top high schools in the country by U.S. News & World Report and Newsweek. Moon Valley was also part of the College Board's 2013 National Advanced Placement District of the Year. State championships Moon Valley High School has won 18 state championships in various sports. Its most-winning program is the girls' softball team, which has won six state championships, titles including two back-to-back sets in the 1986–1987 and 1992–1993 seasons. Moon Valley also won the 1998 Arizona 4A high school basketball championship. Notable alumni Jake Angeli – conspiracy theorist Travis Brown – professional football player Chad Campbell – member of Arizona House of Representatives Diane Downs – murderer Richard Jefferson – professional basketball player Mark Kerlin – professional soccer player Randy McClanahan – professional football player Chris McGaha – professional football player Ozzie Virgil, Jr. – professional baseball player References External links Official website
Mormon Flat Dam

The Mormon Flat Dam is a dam on the Salt River located Northeast of Phoenix, Arizona. The dam is 380 feet long, 224 feet high and was built between 1923 and 1925. It is named after nearby Mormon Flat, a place where Latter-day Saints (Mormon) settlers from Utah stopped to camp. There are two hydroelectric generating units in the dam; rated at 10,000 and 50,000 kW. The dam forms Canyon Lake as it slows the passage of the Salt River. The dam was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017. External links Media related to Mormon Flat Dam at Wikimedia Commons SRP Water Operations: Mormon Flat Dam Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. AZ-14, "Mormon Flat Dam, On Salt River, Eastern Maricopa County, east of Phoenix, Phoenix vicinity, Maricopa County, AZ"
ГЕС-ГАЕС Мормон-Флет

ГЕС-ГАЕС Мормон-Флет – гідроелектростанція у штаті Аризона (Сполучені Штати Америки). Знаходячись між ГЕС-ГАЕС Горс-Меса (вище по течії) та ГЕС Stewart Mountain (13 МВт), входить до складу каскаду на Салт-Рівер, правій притоці річки Гіла, яка в свою чергу є лівою притокою Колорадо (на території Мексики впадає до Каліфорнійської затоки). У 1920-х роках річку перекрили бетонною арковою греблею висотою 68 метрів, довжиною 116 метрів та товщиною від 2,4 (по гребеню) до 6,1 (по основі) метрів, яка потребувала 45 тис м3 матеріалу. Вона утримує витягнуте по долині Салт-Рівер на 16 км водосховище Каньйон-Лейк з площею поверхні 3,8 км2 та об’ємом 71,4 млн м3. У 1926-му пригреблевий машинний зал обладнали однією турбіною потужністю 9,2 МВт, а в 1971-му її доповнили оборотною турбіною типу Френсіс з показником 40 МВт (в 2014-му збільшено до 54 МВт), яка використовує напір/забезпечує підйом на 40 метрів. При роботі в режимі гідроакумуляції як нижній резервуар використовують водосховище наступної станції каскаду. Примітки
Mount Logan Wilderness

The Mount Logan Wilderness is a 14,650 acre (59 km2) U.S. wilderness area on the Arizona Strip and is part of the Uinkaret Mountains, a small regional range. It is located about seven miles south of the Mount Trumbull Wilderness. The wilderness is within the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument and is managed by the BLM. See also List of U.S. Wilderness Areas List of Arizona Wilderness Areas External links BLM Mt. Logan Site Mt. Logan at wilderness.net Changes in Ponderosa Pine Forests of the Mount Logan Wilderness (pdf)