NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Elmendorf Air Force Base

Elmendorf Air Force Base est une base de l'United States Air Force située près d'Anchorage en Alaska. Historique Elmendorf Air Field est construit en 1940. En février 1941, le 18th Pursuit Squadron doté d’appareils Curtiss P-36 Hawk provenant de Californie devient la première unité de combat de cette base, le 36th Bombardment Squadron arrive un mois plus tard équipé de bombardiers Douglas B-18. À la suite de l’attaque de Pearl Harbor le 7 décembre 1941, la défense aérienne de l’Alaska fut renforcée par l’envoi d’avions plus modernes, soit des chasseurs Curtiss P-40 Warhawk et quelques bombardiers Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. Elle servira de relais logistique pendant la Campagne des îles Aléoutiennes. Au début de 2007, les principales unités présentes à Elmendorf AFB sont : Quartier général de la 11th Air Force des Pacific Air Forces Quartier général de l'Alaskan Command (en) 3rd Wing 611th Air Operations Group 611th Air Support Group Elle est l'un trois quartiers-généraux subordonné au Commandement de la défense aérospatiale de l'Amérique du Nord. Notes et références Liens externes (en) Site officiel d'Elmendorf AFB Portail de l’aéronautique Portail de l’Alaska Portail des forces armées des États-Unis
Elmendorf Air Force Base

Elmendorf Air Force Base is een belangrijke basis van de Amerikaanse luchtmacht onmiddellijk ten noorden van Anchorage (Alaska). Ze maakt deel uit van de uitgestrekte Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER), die ook de aangrenzende legerbasis Fort Richardson omvat. De twee bases werden in 2010 samengevoegd. Fort Richardson heeft een eigen klein vliegveld. Eenheden De basis is ongeveer 5400 hectare groot. Ze wordt uitgebaat door de 673rd Wing. Elmendorf AFB huisvest de 3rd Wing van de 11e Luchtmacht van de Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), met jachtvliegtuigen (F-22 Raptor die de F-15 Eagle heeft vervangen), transportvliegtuigen (C-12F, C-17, C-130) en E-3B AWACS-surveillancetoestellen. Ook de 176th Wing van de Alaska Air National Guard is op de basis gestationeerd met transport- en reddingsvliegtuigen (HC-130 search-and-rescue-vliegtuigen en HH-60 Pave Hawk SAR-helikopters). Geschiedenis In 1940 legde het US Army Air Corps een vliegveld aan voor de legerbasis Fort Richardson. Het kreeg de naam Elmendorf Field, ter ere van de piloot Hugh Merle Elmendorf, die in 1933 tijdens een testvlucht verongelukte. In 1942 werd de naam veranderd in Elmendorf Army Air Base en in 1948 in Elmendorf Air Force Base. In de Tweede Wereldoorlog werden er eenheden gestationeerd om de Japanse dreiging te kunnen beantwoorden. De basis was van strategisch belang tijdens de Koude Oorlog als noordwestelijke voorpost van de Amerikaanse luchtruimbewaking. Er werden gevechtseenheden met onderscheppingsjagers gestationeerd en ze werd het thuis van een regionaal controlecentrum van NORAD en van het Alaskan Air Command (1947-1975). Het vliegveld was ook belangrijk als tussenstop voor vluchten naar het verre oosten in de Koreaanse Oorlog en de Vietnamoorlog. Elmendorf AFB was een mogelijke noodlandingsplaats van de spaceshuttle. Externe link Website van de Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson
Hammer Museum (Haines, Alaska)

The Hammer Museum, located in Haines, Alaska, United States, is the first museum in the world dedicated to hammers. The museum was founded in 2002 and became a non-profit organization in 2004. It features over 1,400 hammers and related tools, ranging from ancient times through the colonial days to the industrial era. It has 8,000 artifacts still in storage. Mission The mission of the Hammer Museum is to research, identify, exhibit, and preserve the history and use of hammers for the education of the general public. History The museum's founder, Dave Pahl, moved to Alaska from Cleveland, Ohio with the goal of becoming self-sufficient in 1973. He became a blacksmith and began informally collecting hand tools. His collection grew over the years through purchases, gifts, and "hammer hunting" expeditions. In 2001, Pahl and his wife Carol purchased a hundred-year-old building in Haines and intended to turn the space into a museum. If there was any doubt about the plan, Dave uncovered a ceremonial Tlingit warrior's pick while digging a foundation for the building. The museum opened in 2002 and became a non-profit organization in 2004. Most of the hammers on display are on permanent loan from the Pahl collection, but the museum actively collects new acquisitions. For a complete history see the website. Collections The Hammer Museum has several galleries featuring hammers used for blacksmithing, early trades, industry, and specific materials such as metal, stone, and wood. The collection has traditional hammers such as those used in mining, ranching, carpentry, the railroad industry, and auto-body repair. Others include those which served bankers, nightclub goers of the 1920s and 1930s, barristers, cobblers, and musicians as well as those in the medical profession such as doctors and dentists. Collection highlights include an Egyptian dolerite ball, Roman battle heads, Tlingit warrior's pick, over fifty hammer patents on display as well as both indoor and outdoor sculpture. References External links Official website
Kuiu Wilderness and Tebenkof Bay Wilderness

The Kuiu Wilderness and Tebenkof Bay Wilderness are federally designated wilderness areas within the Tongass National Forest, located on Kuiu Island, Petersburg Census Area, Alaska. The 60,581-acre (24,516 ha) Kuiu and 66,812-acre (27,038 ha) Tebenkof Bay wildernesses are managed by the United States Forest Service as a single area—creating a 200-square-mile (520 km2) wilderness preserve covering the heart of the island. Together, the two areas protect old-growth temperate rainforests rising from coastal estuaries to subalpine meadows more than 2,000 feet (610 m) in elevation, with a high point atop the 3,355-foot (1,023 m) Kuiu Mountain. Tebenkof Bay Wilderness was created by Congress and signed into law on December 2, 1980, as a provision of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. The Kuiu was created by Congress and signed into law on November 28, 1990, as part of the Tongass Timber Reform Act. Ecology and history The landscape of Kuiu Island has much in common with other areas of the Alexander Archipelago — heavily glaciated mountains alternating with narrow, deep fjords. Within the wilderness areas can be found a variety of ecological communities, including muskeg, Pacific temperate rain forest dominated by Sitka spruce and western hemlock, and alpine tundra zones as low as 2,000 feet above sea level. Prior to European colonization, significant populations of Tlingit native people lived on the island, particularly in Tebenkof Bay. Recreation Access to the wilderness is possible only by boat or floatplane, with the most convenient Alaska Marine Highway ferry terminal being in Kake. One rustic camping shelter is available on a first-come, first-served basis, located near the shoreline of the Bay of Pillars. The shelter was built in 1997, but was designed to be reminiscent of those constructed in the 1930s by Civilian Conservation Corps crews working in Southeast Alaska. The two wilderness areas are a popular destination for kayaking and canoeing, offering experienced backcountry paddlers a mix of peaceful, sheltered waterways and difficult, open-ocean traverses. Several portages are available when seas are particularly treacherous. See also Alaska portal References External links Wilderness Areas of the Petersburg Ranger District - Tongass National Forest official site Kuiu Wilderness - Wilderness.net Tebenkof Bay Wilderness - Wilderness.net
Steese National Conservation Area

The Steese National Conservation Area encompasses 1,200,000 acres (4,900 km2) of public land about 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Fairbanks, Alaska, and is administered by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. Created by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act in 1980, the Steese NCA's special values include Birch Creek National Wild River, crucial caribou calving grounds and home range, and Dall sheep habitat. While various land uses are allowed in the Steese NCA, the area is managed so that its scenic, scientific, cultural and other resources are protected. The Steese NCA is split into the North and South Units, located on either side of the Steese Highway. The popular Pinnell Mountain National Recreation Trail skirts the edge of the North Unit. References Steese RNCA This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Bureau of Land Management.
Steese National Conservation Area

La zone de conservation nationale de Steese (Steese National Conservation Area) est une zone de conservation nationale couvrant 4 856 km2 de terres publiques à 160 km au nord-est de Fairbanks, en Alaska. Elle est administrée par le Bureau of Land Management. Créée par l'Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act en 1980, la Steese NCA abrite notamment la rivière sauvage nationale Birch Creek, les aires de mise bas et le domaine vital des caribous, ainsi que l'habitat du mouflon de Dall. Bien que diverses utilisations des terres soient autorisées, la zone est gérée de manière que ses ressources pittoresques, scientifiques, culturelles soient protégées. Le Steese NCA est divisé en unités Nord et Sud, situées de chaque côté de l'autoroute Steese. Le populaire sentier récréatif national de Pinnell Mountain longe le bord de l'unité nord. Galerie Références Liens Ressource relative à la géographie : World Database on Protected Areas Steese RNCA Cet article intègre des informations du domaine public américain extraites de sites web ou de documents de Bureau of Land Management. Portail de la conservation de la nature Portail de l’Alaska Portail de l’Arctique
Tanana Mission

The Tanana Mission (also known as Mission of Our Saviour; Episcopal Mission) was a historic Episcopal church mission in Tanana, Alaska. Its abandoned church building and cemetery are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It was deemed significant as a site preserving artifacts of the once-large Episcopal mission, which additionally included a hospital, a sawmill, a rectory, and a school. The site is located about 3 miles up from the current Tanana village location. It was deemed "important to the history of interior Alaska as a place where permanent native (Indian) community was established near the mission which located itself opposite the prehistoric trading center of many interior Athapaskan Indians - Nuchalawoyya" and also as representing "a place where native people learned and participated in the activities of a foreign culture", and as a burial site, and as for the architecture of its church. The church building has multiple gables above a 52-by-48-foot (16 m × 15 m) plan. It was built in 1899 and added to the National Register in 1977. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska References
Неорганизирана област

Неорганизираната област (на английски: Unorganized Borough) е административна област в щата Аляска, САЩ. Тя заема над половината територия на щата, като със своите 837 700 km2 е по-голяма от всеки друг американски щат. При преброяването от 2000 г. се установи, че в областта живеят 81 803 жители, което се равнява на 13% от населението на Аляска.
Unorganized Borough

Der Unorganized Borough (englisch für Unorganisierter Bezirk) ist der Teil des US-Bundesstaates Alaska, der nicht in einem der neunzehn organisierten Boroughs Alaskas eingegliedert ist. Der Unorganized Borough erstreckt sich über etwa 970.500 km² und ist damit größer als Deutschland und Frankreich zusammen; er wird allerdings von nur etwa 82.000 Menschen bewohnt (Stand 2000), was 13 % der Bevölkerung Alaskas ausmacht. Die größte Stadt der Region ist Bethel. Dass nicht die gesamte Fläche eines Bundesstaates in Countys oder äquivalente Einheiten unterteilt ist, kommt in den USA nur in Alaska vor. Mit Ausnahme der inkorporierten Städte werden die öffentlichen Dienste direkt vom Bundesstaat Alaska organisiert, da die Region über keine Gemeinden verfügt. Über den unorganisierten Zustand des riesigen Areals und über dessen Zukunft wird in letzter Zeit diskutiert. In den vergangenen Jahren kamen Pläne auf, Teile des Unorganized Boroughs in bestehende Verwaltungseinheiten zu integrieren. Gliederung Von 1970 bis 2013 war das Unorganized Borough in elf Census Areas gegliedert. Von 2013 bis 2019 waren es zehn. Seitdem ist die Zahl durch die Spaltung der Valdez-Cordova Census Area in die Chugach und Copper River Census Area wieder auf elf gestiegen: Weblinks
Borough non organisé

Le borough non organisé (unorganized borough en anglais) est la partie de l’État de l’Alaska, aux États-Unis, qui ne fait partie d’aucun borough. De façon unique parmi les États des États-Unis, l’Alaska n’est pas entièrement divisée en comtés (appelés localement boroughs) : plus de la moitié de sa superficie ne possède aucune forme de gouvernement local autre que les districts scolaires et les municipalités. En dehors des villes incorporées, la totalité des services publics y est directement gérée par l’État d'Alaska. Le borough non organisé recouvre une superficie de 970 500 km2 (soit plus que l’Allemagne et la France réunies) ; seuls 10,52 % de la population de l’État y résident, soit 77 157 habitants en 2020. Régions de recensement Afin de faciliter le recensement dans cette zone, le bureau du recensement des États-Unis, en coopération avec l’État d’Alaska, a divisé le borough non organisé en 11 régions de recensement à partir du recensement de 1970. Depuis le 2 janvier 2019, les 11 régions de recensement actuels sont : Aléoutiennes occidentales Bethel Chugach (en) Copper River (en) Dillingham Hoonah-Angoon Kusilvak Nome Prince of Wales - Hyder Southeast Fairbanks Valdez-Cordova Yukon-Koyukuk Historique L’Alaska a adopté la structure en boroughs en 1961, lesquels étaient envisagés comme une forme de gouvernement local à tout faire, destinée à éviter les problèmes perçus (réels ou non) des comtés dans le reste des États-Unis. Selon l'article X de la constitution de l'Alaska, les régions de l’État incapables de former un gouvernement de borough étaient censées devenir des boroughs non organisés, un mécanisme permettant à l’État de régionaliser ses services. Cependant, des boroughs non organisés distincts ne furent jamais créés : l’État dans son intégralité fut défini comme un vaste borough non organisé lors du Borough Act de 1961 ; au cours des années suivantes, des boroughs organisés furent créés à partir de certaines zones de son territoire. Le statut non organisé d’une telle zone est sujet à controverse. Certains résidents des boroughs organisés ont le sentiment de financer injustement ceux du borough non organisé, particulièrement pour l’éducation. Références Voir aussi Subdivisions de l'Alaska Portail de l’Alaska
Unorganized Borough

Unorganized Borough az Amerikai Egyesült Államok Alaszka államának azon része, ahol nem működik megyei szintű önkormányzat, ezért itt az alapvető megyei feladatokat az állam szervei látják el. Alaszka területének mintegy fele tartozik ide, de legnagyobb része lakatlan vagy ritkán lakott. Legnagyobb városa Bethel. Lakosainak száma 81 803 fő (2000). Népesség A megye népességének változása: Kapcsolódó szócikkek Alaszka megyéinek listája Jegyzetek További információk
Unorganized Borough

Per Unorganized Borough ("Borough non organizzato") si intende la parte di territorio al di fuori dei 19 borough organizzati dello stato dell'Alaska, negli Stati Uniti. Sebbene ci si riferisca ad esso come un'unica entità, l'Unorganized Borough non è un borough a sé stante. La stima della popolazione al 2009 è di 77.393 abitanti. Geografia fisica Lo United States Census Bureau certifica che l'estensione dell'area è di 969.318 km². Amministrazione Questa grande area non ha altro governo locale che i distretti scolastici e le municipalità. Tranne che nelle città incorporate, tutti i servizi governativi, incluso l'ordine pubblico, sono di competenze statale. L'Alaska adottò il sistema dei borough nel 1961, prevedendo una loro competenza su tutti i temi di governo locale. Secondo il X articolo della Costituzione dell'Alaska, le aree dello stato non in grado di sostenere una suddivisione inferiore avrebbero dovuto essere divise in vari boroughs non organizzati, un meccanismo dello stato per regionalizzare i servizi: in realtà, non furono mai creati dei boroughs separati. L'intero stato venne infatti considerato come un unico grande borough non organizzato con il Borough Act del 1961, e con il passare degli anni, vennero creati boroughs organizzati a partire da esso. Lo status non organizzato di questa vasta area non è ovunque accettato senza controversie. Molti Alaskani residenti nei boroughs organizzati hanno l'impressione di sovvenzionare in modo impari i cittadini dell'Unorganized Borough, in particolar modo nel settore dell'istruzione. Nel 2003, l'Alaska Division of Community Advocacy ("Istituto per la Divisione delle Comunità dell'Alaska") ha identificato otto aree dell'Unorganized Borough che presentano le caratteristiche necessarie per lo scorporo da tale area. Sono state presentate delle bozze alla Legislatura dell'Alaska, ma nessuna è stata ancora trasformata in legge. Census Area A partire dal 1970, per facilitare i censimenti nella vasta area, l'United States Census Bureau, in cooperazione con lo stato, l'ha suddivisa in 11 census area. Comunità maggiori Note Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Unorganized Borough Collegamenti esterni Direttiva legislativa per l'Unorganized Borough, su commerce.state.ak.us.
Unorganized borough

Met het Unorganized borough van de Amerikaanse staat Alaska wordt het gedeelte van de staat aangeduid dat niet onder een van de boroughs valt. Het gebied beslaat 837.700 km2 (ongeveer 20 keer Nederland) en omvat daarmee het grootste deel van de staat. Het gebied is groter dan elk van de overige 49 staten van de Verenigde Staten. Het gebied heeft rond de 77.000 inwoners. Het Unorganized borough is ingedeeld in verschillende kiesdistricten, waarvan de Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area verreweg de grootste is. Het Unorganized borough heeft geen hoofdplaats, omdat alle overheidsfuncties vanuit de staat worden georganiseerd. De grootste plaats is Bethel. Sinds haar oprichting in 1970 is het gebied geslonken omdat verschillende delen later als borough verder zijn gegaan.
Okręg niezorganizowany

Okręg niezorganizowany (ang. Unorganized Borough) – część amerykańskiego stanu Alaska, która nie wchodzi w skład żadnego z 19 okręgów (borough). Obejmuje on ponad połowę obszaru Alaski (837 706 km²). Według przeprowadzonego spisu w 2010 roku obszar zamieszkany jest przez 78 149 osób, co stanowi około 11% populacji całego stanu. Okręg niezorganizowany został utworzony w roku 1961. W roku 1970 został wprowadzony podział na 11 (od 2013: 10) mniejszych okręgów tzw. obszarów spisu powszechnego (ang. census area) przez United States Census Bureau w celu łatwiejszego prowadzenia badań statystycznych. Obszary spisu powszechnego nie pełnią funkcji jednostki administracyjnej niższego rzędu. Ponieważ w okręgu niezorganizowanym nie utworzono żadnych niższych jednostek terytorialnych (oprócz dystryktów szkolnych (school district) i miast), w wielu wioskach zostały utworzone lokalne ośrodki władzy (ang. tribal governments). Większość zadań administracji publicznej podlega bezpośrednio rządowi stanu Alaska i jest przez niego organizowana, wyjątek stanowią miasta inkorporowane. Dystrykty szkolne obsługują lokalne publiczne szkoły podstawowe i średnie na obszarze niezorganizowanym są zarządzane przez miasta lub Stanowy Departament ds. Edukacji wyznacza tzw. wiejskie obszary edukacji (ang. rural education attendance areas), pod który podlegają konkretne placówki. Wiejskie obszary edukacji tworzone są w celu poprawy systemu edukacji na odludnych i słabo zorganizowanych terenach. Lista obszarów spisu powszechnego Przypisy
Distrito não organizado

O distrito não organizado é a parte do estado americano do Alasca que não está contida em nenhum de seus 18 distritos organizados. Este distrito abrange mais da metade da área do Alasca, cerca de 837,710 quilômetros quadrados, uma área maior que a de qualquer outro estado norte-americano. Segundo o censo de 2000, sua população era de 81 803 habitantes, 13% do total do estado. O Alasca não é dividido inteiramente por divisões-equivalente organizadas. Para facilitar a retirada de dados na vasta região não-organizada, o United States Census Bureau, em cooperação com o estado, dividiu o distrito não-organizado em 11 regiões censitárias. A atual lista de regiões censitárias é a seguinte: Região Censitária de Aleutians West Região Censitária de Bethel Região Censitária de Dillingham Região Censitária de Nome Região Censitária de Prince of Wales-Hyder Região Censitária de Hoonah-Angoon Região Censitária de Southeast Fairbanks Região Censitária de Valdez-Cordova Região Censitária de Wade Hampton Região Censitária de Petersburg Região Censitária de Yukon-Koyukuk Esta vasta região não tem governo local, mas sim, distritos escolares e governos municipais em seus limites. Exceto em cidades incorporadas, todos os serviços governamentais no distrito não-organizado, inclusive o serviço policial, são fornecidos pelo estado. O Alasca adotou a política de distritos em 1961, para os distritos servirem como uma forma de governo local, para evitar os típicos problemas encontrados nos 48 estados continentais. De acordo com o artigo 10º da Constituição do Alasca, áreas do estado incapazes de ter um governo do distrito deveriam ser auxiliadas por vários distritos não-organizados, isso seria um mecanismo do estado para regionalizar serviços; contudo, outros distritos não-organizados nunca foram criados. O estado inteiro foi definido como um vasto distrito não-organizado pelo Ato de Distrito em 1961, e ao longo dos anos os distritos organizados foram sendo definidos. Há muita controvérsia sobre a atual situação do distrito. Muitos residentes do Alasca dos distritos organizados sentem que eles, injustamente, auxiliam residentes do distrito não-organizado, especialmente no contexto educacional. Em 2003, a Divisão de Advocacia Comunitária do Alasca (do inglês: Alaska Division of Community Advocacy) identificou 8 áreas dentro do distrito não-organizado que satisfazem os padrões para serem incorporadas. Projetos de lei foram introduzidos para que a Legislatura do Alasca incorporasse essas áreas, mas até 2009 nenhum projeto foi assinado. Principais comunidades
Unorganized Borough, Alaska

Unorganized Borough este un borough (echivalent al unui comitat) din statul Alaska, Statele Unite ale Americii, cu o populație de 9.429 de locuitori. Comunități majore Demografie Date: Wikidata - grafică realizată de Wikipedia Legături externe Legislative Directive for Unorganized Borough Review Map of proposed model borough boundaries Arhivat în 12 iunie 2009, la Wayback Machine. Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development (1997)
Неорганизованный боро

Неорганизованный боро (англ. Unorganized Borough) — часть американского штата Аляска, существующая независимо от остальных 19 организованных боро. Общая площадь занимает почти половину территории Аляски — 837 700 км²; это больше территории Германии и Италии вместе взятых и почти в 1,5 раза больше, чем второй по территории штат страны Техас. По переписи населения 2000 года, около 13 % жителей Аляски (81 803 человека) проживало в неорганизованном боро. В связи с большой территорией региона, для удобства проведения переписи Бюро переписи населения США в 1970 году разделило территорию боро на 11 зон переписи населения. В настоящее время, после выделения зоны Питерсберг (Petersburg Census Area) в боро и разделения зоны Валдиз-Кордова на Чугач и Коппер-Ривер, неорганизованный боро разделён на 11 зон: Алеушианс-Уэст Бетел Диллингхем Коппер-Ривер Кусилвак Ном Принс-оф-Уэльс — Хайдер Саутист-Фэрбанкс Хуна-Ангун Чугач Юкон-Коюкук Эта обширная территория не имеет никакого местного органа власти, кроме школьных округов и локальных муниципалитетов, входящих в её пределы. Кроме городов, все правительственные услуги в неорганизованном боро осуществляются властью штата.