NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Çayırhan power station

Çayırhan power station is a 620 MW operational coal fired power station in Turkey in Ankara Province. In 2019 land was expropriated for another lignite mine, to feed the a proposed extension, which was opposed as uneconomic and eventually had its licence revoked. History In 2017 the government privatized the Çayırhan-B lignite coalfield on condition a coal-fired power plant is built, in the hope that it would be the first of a wave of similar deals for various lignite coalfields around the country. Ownership The project was a joint venture between Kolin, Kalyon and Çelikler. But in 2020 the licence expired and as of 2024 it belonged to EÜAŞ. In 2025 it was sold to Akçadağ Holding for 20 billion lira. Finance An extension was proposed at an estimated cost of $1.1-billion but was not done. Subsidies The government is giving a 15-year purchase guarantee. Economics The winning consortium bid $60.4 per megawatt, but according to opponents of the extension expanding Turkey's solar power would save taxpayers money in the long term. Employment The company said it would employ 500 people in the plant and 1,500 for coal mining. Coal supply As Turkish lignite is heavy compared to its energy content coal must be sourced locally. According to one source Çayırhan is a longwall mine (therefore underground), but Global Energy Monitor says it is opencast. Coalfields in Ankara province include Beypazarı-Çayırhan, Gölbaşı-Karagedik, Gölbaşı-Bahçeköy, Ayaş-Kayıbucak and Şereflikoçhisar. Environmental Impact Despite the environmental impact assessment having been approved opponents of the extension claim the environment will be damaged. Dust As of 2020 the plant is operating with inadequate dust filters and Turkey has no legal limit on ambient fine particules (PM2.5). Opponents claim that Nallıhan bird sanctuary, 6 km away, could be damaged. Sulfur Dioxide As of 2020 the plant is operating with inadequate sulfur treatment, and the area is a sulfur dioxide air pollution hotspot Nitrogen oxides As of 2020 the plant is operating without sufficient NOx filtering. Greenhouse gases After extension the power station would contribute an estimated 4 megatonnes (Mt) a year to Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions. As Turkey has no carbon emission trading it would not be economically viable to capture and store the gas. Opposition The Chamber of Mechanical Engineers has questioned why the existing plant was granted a 2020 operating license without meeting air pollution standards. Opponents include Ankara 350.org and singer Tarkan. In 2022 the NGO Climate Change, Policy, and Research Association alleged that the power station did not comply with flue gas regulations, was burning coal from a mine which did not have a permit, and risked collapsing. See also Energy in Turkey List of power stations in Turkey Electricity sector in Turkey References External links Çayırhan power station on Global Energy Monitor Çayırhan coal mine on Global Energy Monitor 2016 Environmental Impact Assessment (Turkish) 2018 Environmental Impact Assessment (Turkish)
Konya Ethnography Museum

Konya Ethnography Museum (Turkish: Konya Etnografya Müzesi) is an ethnographic museum devoted to the people, cultures and lifestyle in and around Konya, Turkey. The museum is on Sahip Ata Street. It is a two-story building with a basement. The basement is reserved for the offices and the photoshop. The conference room is in the ground floor. The museum was established on 6 December 1975. Exhibited items The exhibited items are: Historical carpets: Some of more notable carpets are those from Eşrefoğlu Mosque dated to 13th and 15th centuries. Women’s traditional wear such as bindallı, salta, cepken and kaftan etc. Ornaments such as embroidery, bracelet and neckband etc. Ottoman writing tools Examples of early Konya newspapers, Metallic keys and locks, Copper, bronze, glass and porcelain kitchen tools, Silver and bronze candelabras, Coffee tools, Beads, Weapons, Hand written books. The personal ethnographic collections of Refet Yardımcı and Kenan Özbel are also on display in the museum. References
Murat Pasha Mosque, Aksaray

The Murat Pasha Mosque (Turkish: Murat Paşa Camii) is a 15th century Ottoman mosque squeezed in between two busy roads linking Aksaray and Yusufpaşa in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. Architecture The mosque was commissioned in 1465-66 by Hass Murad Pasha (mod. Turkish Has Murat Paşa) and completed after his death by his brother Mesih Pasha, who was buried here. The mosque is designed in the early Ottoman style perfected in Bursa. The main space is a 2 x 1 rectangle covered by two identical domes, each 21 m (69 ft) high and 10.5 m (34 ft) in diameter. The mihrab and minbar are on the short side of the rectangle. The main space is approached via a narthex rather like those in Byzantine churches. This is preceded by a portico. See also List of mosques Ottoman architecture References Sources Babinger, Franz (1952). "Eine Verfügung des Paläologen Chass Murad-Pasa von Mitte Regeb 876 = Dez./Jan. 1471-72". Documenta Islamica Inedita (PDF) (in German). Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. pp. 197–210. Stavrides, Théoharis (2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453–1474). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12106-5.
Moschea di Murat Pascià (Istanbul)

La Moschea di Murat Pascià (in turco Murat Paşa Camii) è una moschea ottomana situata a Istanbul, in Turchia. Ubicazione La moschea si trova a Istanbul, nella mahalle di Aksaray del municipio di Fatih (la penisola storica). La moschea è situata alla confluenza di Adnan Menderes Bulvari con Türgüt Özal Millet Caddesi, due delle strade più importanti della città murata. Storia La moschea fu commissionata nel 1465-66 da Hass Murad Pascià e completata dopo la sua morte dal fratello Mesih Pascià, che fu sepolto qui. Architettura La moschea, situata nei pressi del bizantino Forum Bovis, oggi scomparso, è stata progettata nel primo stile ottomano perfezionato a Bursa. Essa faceva parte di un complesso che oggi è in gran parte scomparso. Lo spazio principale è un rettangolo con proporzioni 2 x 1 coperto da due cupole identiche, ciascuna alta 21 m e con un diametro di 10,5 m. Il mihrab e il minbar si trovano sul lato breve del rettangolo. Allo spazio principale si accede attraverso un nartece, simile a quelli delle chiese bizantine. Questo è preceduto da un portico. I muri sono costruiti alternando due file di mattoni a una di pietra da taglio. Note Bibliografia (DE) Franz Babinger, Eine Verfügung des Paläologen Chass Murad-Pasa von Mitte Regeb 876 = Dez./Jan. 1471-72 (PDF), in Documenta Islamica Inedita, Berlino, Akademie-Verlag, 1952, pp. 197-210. URL consultato il 18 aprile 2024 (archiviato dall'url originale il 28 marzo 2016). (EN) Théoharis Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453–1474), Brill, 2001, ISBN 978-90-04-12106-5. Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Moschea di Murat Pascià
Mersin Archaeological Museum

Mersin Archaeological Museum is a museum in Mersin, Turkey Location The museum is at 36°46′53″N 34°36′05″E to the east of Mersin Naval Museum, to the south of Muğdat Mosque and to the north of Adnan Menderes Boulevard. Its total land area , including the yard is 7,470 square metres (80,400 sq ft). It is a two storey building. In addition to exhibit halls there is a library, a conference room, a children's play room and a market in the museum. History Mersin Province has many ancient sites. Yumuktepe and Soli in Mersin city and Gözlükule in Tarsus are among these. But prior to the foundation Mersin Museum, the findings were exhibited in other museums. Mersin Museum was founded in 1978. Its former location was in Mersin Halkevi Building. However the exhibition hall of the former museum building was insufficient for the Mersin-area-archaeological items and the new building was constructed. It was opened on 18 May 2017. Exhibits The visitors enter a time tunnel, in which various stages in Paleolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, the Bronze Age and Iron Age are displayed in chronological order. Then there are replicas (diorama) of Neolithic dwellings, ancient olive presses and a pool of amphoras. In the upper floor, findings from Yumuktepe, Soli, Elaiussa Sebaste and many other places are exhibited. Some items are exhibited in showcases. There is also a Hellenistic inscription from Bozyazı, i.e., ancient Nagidos and various statues as well as column headings. In ethnography section, exhibits about later-era-Yörüks (nomadic Turkmens) and the replica of a hug, a primitive dwelling found close to Yumuktepe are exhibited. The total number of exhibits is 1435. Gallery References
Museo Arqueológico de Mersin

El Museo Arqueológico de Mersin (en turco, Mersin Arkeoloji Müzesi) es uno de los museos arqueológicos de Turquía. Está ubicado en la ciudad de Mersin, situada en la provincia de su mismo nombre. La sede de este museo estuvo inicialmente en un sector del edificio del antiguo centro comunitario, fue inaugurado en 1991 y tras una remodelación volvió a abrirse en 2001. Posteriormente se construyó un nuevo edificio para el museo que fue inaugurado en 2017.​ Exposición El museo expone la historia de la región de Çukurova a través de una serie de recreaciones interactivas, así como de hallazgos arqueológicos y objetos etnográficos. También hay monedas y algunos fósiles. La exposición se inicia con un «túnel del tiempo», donde se presentan las diferentes civilizaciones que se desarrollaron a lo largo de la historia. Entre las recreaciones se encuentra una que expone el proceso de producción de aceite de oliva y otra que muestra la presencia de ánforas en el fondo del mar que recuperó la arqueología subacuática. Las piezas arqueológicas más antiguas pertenecen al Neolítico y al Calcolítico, halladas en los yacimientos de Yumuktepe y Gözekule. En la Edad del Bronce y la Edad del Hierro temprana floreció el reino de Kizzuwatna. Posteriormente llegaron los griegos y romanos a la región, que llamaron Cilicia. Destacan los objetos procedentes de la antigua ciudad de Solos, que luego fue llamada Pompeyópolis; y los de la antigua ciudad de Eleusa Sebaste. En otra área del museo se presentan las culturas que tuvieron presencia en la zona desde la Edad Media a la actualidad.​​​ Referencias Enlaces externos Visita virtual al museo
Хазинедар

Хазинедар (на турски: Hazinedar) е село в Източна Тракия, Турция, вилает Лозенград. География Селото се намира на 19 км северозападно от Бабаески. История В XIX век Хазинедар е село в Хавсенската кааза на Одринския вилает на Османската империя. Според „Етнография на вилаетите Адрианопол, Монастир и Салоника“, издадена в Константинопол в 1878 година и отразяваща статистиката на населението от 1873, Хазнатар (Haznatar) е село с 45 домакинства и 142 жители мюсюлмани. Бележки
Bahçelievler Anatolian High School

Istanbul Bahçelievler Anatolian High School (German: Anatolisches Gymnasium Bahcelievler, Turkish: Bahçelievler Anadolu Lisesi) is an elite public high school recognized by German authorities as a Deutsche Auslandsschule, located in Bahçelievler, Istanbul, Turkey. It is one of the most selective high schools in Turkey. References
Villa di Cemil Topuzlu

La Villa di Cemil Topuzlu Pascià o Villa di İpar (in turco Cemil Topuzlu Paşa Köşkü o İpar Köşkü) è un edificio storico in stile Art Nouveau a tre piani costruito all'inizio del XX secolo nella mahalle di Çiftehavuzlar nel distretto di Kadıköy della parte asiatica di Istanbul, in Turchia. Storia Il palazzo fu costruito dal dottor Cemil Pascià (Topuzlu) nei primi anni del XX secolo su un terreno di 30 acri con una facciata di 165 metri sul mare ed è quindi noto come “Villa di Cemil Topuzlu”. Si pensa che l'architetto sia Alexandre Vallaury, ma è anche menzionata tra gli edifici dell'architetto Vedat Tek. Si dice che il Gran Visir Gazi Ahmet Muhtar Pascià offrì la carica di Şehremini (sindaco) di Istanbul a Cemal Pascià, che ammirò la villa e ne apprezzò la bellezza. Cemil Pascià, che fece costruire la villa, la vendette all'industriale Hayri Ipar nel 1931 dopo averci vissuto per 30 anni; dopo questo passaggio di proprietà, la villa divenne nota come "Villa di Ipar". La villa, che finì spesso nelle cronache a causa delle persone peculiari invitate dalla famiglia İpar, fu venduta all'imprenditore Cevher Özden (anche noto come Banker Kastelli) nel 1980 a seguito di rumorose cause tra gli eredi di Hayri İpar dopo la sua morte. Sebbene Özden avesse dichiarato che il suo scopo nell'acquisto della villa era quello di viverci con la sua famiglia, dal momento che non c'erano permessi urbanistici, nel 1986 il comune rilasciò un permesso di costruzione; i rari alberi del giardino vennero abbattuti e nell'area in cui si trovavano il giardino, la piscina, il campo da tennis e le scuderie vennero costruiti degli edifici residenziali. La villa, che non fu demolita in quanto manufatto storico, e il suo terreno furono acquistati da Şadan Kalkavan nel 1997. Note Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file sulla Villa di Cemil Topuzlu Paşa
Еюп Сабри Акгьол

Еюп Сабри бей или Еюб Сабри бег (на турски: Eyüp Sabri Akgöl или Ohrili Eyüp Sabri) е турски офицер, общественик и политик от Македония, деец на Комитета за единение и напредък. Биография Роден е в Охрид през 1876 година затова носи прякора Охрили, тоест Охридчанинът. Завършва Военна академия през 1894 година. Включва се в младотурското движение. Военен командир е в Охрид и към 1908 година достига до чин кол ага (между капитан и майор). През 1907 година изсушава блатиста местност в Охрид и на следващата година започва изграждането на идадие – сграда, първоначално предназначена за гимназия за мюсюлмански и християнски деца, но завършена напълно в 1927 година. Еюп Сабри е един от офицерите, имащи ключова роля при избухването на Младотурската революция през юли 1908 година. На 22 юли частите, командвани от Ниязи бей и Еюп Сабри, влизат в Битоля и пленяват верния на султан Абдул Хамид II военен командир Татар Осман паша. Участва в потушаването на опита за контрапреврат на султан Абдул Хамид ІІ от 1909 година. В Охрид Еюп Сабри строи и сградата на каймакама, председател е на общината и на младотурската партия. През април 1910 година охридската махала, в която той построява училище и джамия (месджид), е наречена „Еюп Сабри бей“. През май 1910 година напуска армията и е избран в ръководството на партията Комитет за единение и напредък. В следващите десетилетия се отдава на политическа дейност. Дълги години е депутат в османски и турски парламенти. Оставя спомени. През 1926 – 1933 година води без успех съдебно дело за собствеността на сградата на Охридската гимназия. При въвеждането на фамилиите в Турция приема името Акгьол. Еюп Сабри умира през 1950 година в Цариград. Съчинения „Bir Esirin Hatıraları“ (Спомени на един затворник), Istanbul 1978 Бележки
Eyüp Sabri Akgöl

Eyüp Sabri Akgöl lub Eyüp Sabri (alb. Ejup Sabriu; ur. 1876 w Ochrydzie jako Ohrili Eyüp Sabri, zm. 16 sierpnia 1950 w Stambule) – osmański i turecki działacz polityczny pochodzenia albańskiego, następnie wieloletni deputowany do Wielkiego Zgromadzenia Narodowego Turcji. Życiorys Należał do Komitetu Jedności i Postępu, którego w latach 1908–1918 był członkiem komitetu centralnego. W lipcu 1909 roku wziął udział w kongresie w Debarze. Sfinansował budowę szkoły w Ochrydzie, która z powodu wojen bałkańskich została przerwana (współcześnie w danym budynku mieści się gimnazjum). Podczas I wojny światowej działał w tajnej policji Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa, w jej ramach prowadził działalność dywersyjną, wskutek czego został internowany na Malcie. Brał następnie udział w wojnie o niepodległość Turcji. Po upadku sułtanatu zaangażował się w działalność Republikańskiej Partii Ludowej. Po raz pierwszy uzyskał mandat do Wielkiego Zgromadzenia Narodowego Turcji w wyborach z 1923 roku i sprawował go do końca kadencji w 1927 roku. Wrócił do parlamentu w wyniku wyborów z 1939 roku, z sukcesem ubiegając się o reelekcję w latach 1943, 1946 i 1950. Zmarł 16 sierpnia 1950 roku w Stambule, trzy dni później miał miejsce jego pogrzeb. Znał języki albański oraz turecki. Przypisy Bibliografia Erik JanE.J. Zürcher Erik JanE.J., The Unionist Factor: The Role of the Committee of Union and Progress in the Turkish National Movement 1905-1926., Brill, 1984, ISBN 978-90-04-07262-6 . AsenA. Grupče AsenA., Ohrid: Kulturniot život i tvoreštvo vo Ohrid i Ohridsko vo 20. vek: Pregled na poistaknati ličnosti od 20. vek, Matica makedonska, 1998, ISBN 978-9989-48-176-5 . M. ȘükrüM.Ș. Hanioğlu M. ȘükrüM.Ș., Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902-1908, Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-19-977111-0 . Hans-LukasH.L. Kieser Hans-LukasH.L., Turkey Beyond Nationalism: Towards Post-Nationalist Identities, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006, ISBN 978-1-84511-141-0 . NathalieN. Clayer NathalieN., Aux origines du nationalisme albanais: la naissance d’une nation majoritairement musulmane en Europe, Paryż: Éditions Karthala, 2007, ISBN 978-2-84586-816-8 . RyanR. Gingeras RyanR., Sorrowful Shores: Violence, Ethnicity, and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1912-1923, Oksford: Oxford University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-956152-0 . Erik JanE.J. Zürcher Erik JanE.J., The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk's Turkey, I.B. Tauris, 2014, ISBN 978-0-85771-807-5 . Fatma MügeF.M. Göçek Fatma MügeF.M., Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present, and Collective Violence against the Armenians, 1789-2009, Oksford: Oxford University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-933421-6 .
Caune

Caune (grec antic: Καῦνος, llatí: Caunus; gentilici Καύνιος, cauni) fou una antiga ciutat de l'Àsia Menor situada a la costa sud de Cària. Era la capital dels caunis, un poble de llengua cària, per bé que amb el temps esdevengué una ciutat fortament hel·lenitzada. Descripció Caune era una ciutat portuària, i en conseqüència tenia drassanes i un port que es podia tancar amb una cadena. Damunt la ciutat, dalt d'un turó, hi havia una fortalesa anomenada Imbros. Diodor parla de dues fortaleses: una amb un temple a Perseu i un altre amb un temple a Hèracles. Les restes més antigues de la ciutat daten del segle viii aC. El recinte murat data d'època hel·lenística, cap al segle iv aC, i comprèn una zona de 190 hectàrees. El seu territori era fèrtil, però hostil a l'estiu i la tardor, quan passava un aire molt càlid. Caune era situada a la Perea Ròdia, una regió controlada per Rodes; primerament, Caune no estava sota la seva influència, però a partir del segle iii aC en depengué en diverses ocasions. Història Segons Heròdot, els caunis eren aborígens del país, però afegeix que ells mateixos deien que eren descendents dels cretencs. Vestien diferents de la resta de caris i els altres pobles de la zona, però parlaven la mateixa llengua. Segons les monedes de la seca de Caune, el nom cari de la ciutat era χbid-, de manera que Caune (Kaunos) és un nom grec, més que la transcripció d'un nom indígena. No és fins al segle iv aC, però, que es pot considerar Caune una ciutat hel·lènica. El segle vi aC, els caunis van resistir al general persa Hàrpag, tal com havien fet els seus veïns els licis. Sotmesos a Pèrsia, es van unir a la Revolta Jònica el 497 aC. Posteriorment, va ser membre de la Lliga de Delos, però es va revoltar diverses vegades: després d'una primera secessió cap al 440-430 aC, el 420 aC ja s'havia reincorporat, per tornar-se a revoltar el 411 aC. El 396 aC, Conó establí el seu quarter a Caune, que va ser assetjada pels espartans, comandats per Fàrax. L'any 333 aC, va ser capturada pels macedonis, i així s'incorporà al Regne de Macedònia. Després de la mort d'Alexandre, va acabar en mans de Ptolemeu I Soter (309 aC), i Rodes la va comprar als generals de Ptolemeu per 200 talents; els rodis van assegurar que havien rebut Estratonice, una altra ciutat de Cària, com a donació d'Antíoc I Sòter. Els romans els van obligar a retirar-se de Caune i d'Estratonice l'any 190 aC, però més tard van tornar als rodis les dues places, i els van cedir Cària l'any 167 aC, confirmant la independència de Caune sota sobirania ròdia. El 88 aC, els caunis van participar en la matança de romans instigada per Mitridates VI Eupator del Pont i, com a càstig, Roma va incorporar Caune al domini directe de Rodes. Els caunis es van revoltar (potser el 81 aC), sense succés, atès que el 59 aC continuava sota el domini rodi. Més tard, van demanar separar-se de Rodes i romandre directament subjectes a Roma, i encara que primer hom no els ho va concedir, sembla que més tard es van convertir en ciutat lliure, tal com l'esmenta Estrabó. A Caune va néixer el pintor Protògenes. Referències
Cauno

Cauno (en cario Kbid;​ licio Khbide,​ griego Καῦνος, latín Caunus) fue una ciudad de la costa sur de Caria, Anatolia, a pocos km de la actual ciudad de Dalyan, Provincia de Muğla, Turquía. Estaba al oeste de Calinda, poblada por los caunios. A este pueblo Heródoto lo consideraba nativo del país, pero añade que ellos mismos decían que eran descendientes de los cretenses; vestían de diferente manera que los carios y otros pueblos y hablaban una lengua diferente del cario. Como costumbre a destacar, Heródoto menciona que mujeres y niños se reunían en grupo para beber. En un principio creían en dioses extranjeros, pero luego adoptaron únicamente los de sus antepasados.​ En el siglo siglo VI a. C., los caunios lucharon contra Harpago —general al servicio del rey persa Ciro— al igual que sus vecinos licios. Fue conquistada después de la capitulación de la ciudad licia de Janto.​ Heródoto también comenta que Cauno, reticente en un principio a rebelarse contra la dominación persa, se unió a la revuelta jónica en 499 a. C..​ Tucídides habla de la expedición de Pericles y de la batalla naval de Tragia (440 a. C.) y menciona a Cauno como una ciudad separada de Caria. La región de Perea Rodia en la cual estaba Cauno pertenecía a Rodas, pero ésta no la dominaba entonces, pero sí la dominaba en tiempos de Alejandro Magno. Después de la muerte de Alejandro, acabó en manos de Ptolomeo I Sóter (309 a. C.) y Rodas la compró a los generales de Ptolomeo por 200 talentos; los rodios aseguraron que habían recibido Estratonicea, otra ciudad de Caria, como donación de Antíoco I Sóter. Los romanos les obligaron a retirarse de Cauno y Estratonicea (190 a. C.), pero más tarde volvieron los rodios a los dos sitios y le dieron Caria (167 a. C.), pero Cauno siguió independiente bajo soberanía rodia. En 88 a. C. los caunios participaron en la matanza de romanos instigada por Mitrídates VI Eupator, rey del Ponto, y en castigo, Roma incorporó Cauno al dominio directo de Rodas. Los caunios se rebelaron (hacia el 81 a. C.), pero sin éxito porque en 59 a. C. se sabe que estaban bajo dominio rodio. Más tarde pidieron ser separados de Rodas y estar directamente sujetos a Roma, y aunque al principio no se le concedió, parece que más tarde fueron hechos ciudad libre, tal como lo menciona Estrabón. En Cauno nació el pintor Protógenes. Referencias Enlaces externos Wikimedia Commons alberga una categoría multimedia sobre Cauno.