Karahan Tepe

Karahan Tepe is a Pre-Pottery Neolithic archaeological site in Şanlıurfa, Turkey. The site is in the same geographical region as Göbekli Tepe, and archaeologists have also uncovered T-shaped stelae there and believe that the sites are related. Additionally, the site may be the earliest known human village, predating the construction of Göbekli Tepe by several centuries, dating to between 10,000 and 9500 BCE. The site, discovered in 1997 by Bahattin Celik (Harran University), is located near Yağmurlu and roughly 46 kilometers east of Göbekli Tepe, which is often called its sister site. It is part of the Göbekli Tepe Culture and Karahan Tepe Excavations project. The area is known as “Keçilitepe” by local people. It is part of a group of about 12 similar sites being investigated, known as "Taş Tepeler". Research is being done to better understand the organization of the workforce and the degree and nature of the specialization involved in the construction of these monuments. History The ancient structures at Karahan Tepe were discovered in 1997 by "researchers near the Kargalı neighborhood in the Tek Tek Mountains National Park." Necmi Karul, an archeologist at Istanbul University, told Anadolu Agency in 2019, “Last year, excavation work restarted in Karahan tepe [Kectepe] – around 60 km from where Göbekli tepe is located – and we encountered traces of special structures, obelisks, animal sculptures, and descriptions as well as similar symbolism”. The site was filled with dirt and rubble at some point, preserving T-topped columns carved into bedrock. These structures have been described as 'phallic totems'. Main diet consisted of gazelles and legumes. Site The Karahan tepe archaeological site covers almost 10 hectares, which increases by another five hectares if the quarries for the T-shaped columns are included. As of 2023, around 5% of the surface extent of the site has been excavated. Figural artifacts In September 2023, Turkish and German experts discovered further sculptures from the so-called Tepeler cultures: a statue of a vulture and a 2.3 meter high anthropomorphic statue were found. The naked figure, which is probably depicted as sitting, holds his phallus with both hands. The fingers and ribs were marked with deep incised lines, and a kind of V-shaped collar around the neck. This same motif is also known from other finds, such as the so-called Urfa Man, an approximately 1.8 meter high sandstone statue that was discovered in 1993 during construction work near the city of Şanlıurfa. Site images The site contains numerous T-shaped pillars similar to those of Gobekli Tepe. More than 266 pillars were observed as of the year 2000. See also Boncuklu Tarla Gürcütepe – Archaeological site in Turkey List of largest monoliths Prehistoric religion – Religion before written records References External links Thomas, Sean (8 May 2022). "Is an unknown, extraordinarily ancient civilisation buried under eastern Turkey?". The Spectator. JUDITH SUDILOVSKY, 2022, "Oldest Neolithic settlements in Turkey redefine domestication, society" The Jerusalem Post, 27 May 2022: Oldest Neolithic settlements in Turkey redefine domestication, society TOLGA ILDUN, 2024, "Discovering a New Neolithic World""Discovering a New Neolithic World". Archaeology. Features: Archaeological Institute of America. 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024. Çelik, Bahattin (January 2000). "A New Early Neolithic Settlement: Karahan Tepe". Neo-Lithics. Miniminuteman (11 August 2023). Karahan Tepe: The Mysteries of The Oldest Known Settlement. Retrieved 30 March 2025 – via YouTube. Page, Tom (10 November 2025). "Secrets of a 10,000-year-old village uncovered | CNN". CNN. Press Kit from 06 February 2026 - Berlin State Museum Neolithic sculptures discovered in Karahantepe: an unprecedented find - Science - ABC Color