NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Ankara Parachute Tower

The Ankara Parachute Tower is a parachute tower located in the Altındağ district of Ankara, Turkey. It is built in the northwest of the former 19 May Stadium. It is one of the two towers serving in Turkey, along with the İzmir Parachute Tower. Currently, it is affiliated with the Turkish Aeronautical Association Museum. History The idea of constructing a parachute tower in Ankara first emerged when the then-mayor of İzmir, Behçet Uz, admired the parachute tower in Gorky Park during a visit to the Soviet Union and prepared a report suggesting the construction of a similar structure in Turkey. The significant attention given to the aviation sector in the early years of the Republic accelerated the realization of this idea. Initially planned to have a parachute tower in the three largest cities of the country, namely Istanbul, Ankara, and İzmir, the project in Istanbul was canceled due to high costs. The construction of the Ankara Parachute Tower, along with its counterpart in İzmir, was completed simultaneously in 1937. The opening ceremony took place on October 28, 1937, with the participation of the then-Prime Minister Celâl Bayar. The tower underwent external facade restoration in 1982, and on April 4, 1989, it was registered and placed under protection by the Ankara Cultural and Natural Heritage Preservation Regional Board with decision number 759. Architecture The tower, designed by architect Bedri Tümay, is 4 stories high and 41 meters tall. It is designed with a total of 3 balconies, each with a jump platform. Connectivity between floors is provided by stairs and an elevator. At the top, there is a double-weight parachute release winch. References External links Site Plans of Ankara Parachute Tower Archived December 3, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
Büyük Maden Island

Büyük Maden Island (Turkish: Büyük Maden Adası, literally Big Mine Island) is an Aegean island of Turkey The island at 39°23′N 26°35′E is a part of Ayvalık ilçe (district) of Balıkesir Province. It is between Cunda Island and Küçük Maden Island. The island currently is uninhabited. Its distance to Cunda island is less than 200 metres (660 ft). With an area of 3 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi), it is one of the bigger islands around Ayvalık. The ancient name of the island was Pyrgos (Greek: Πύργος). In the antiquity there were lead mines in the island and the island was foul-smelling. The settlement in the island was named Pordoselene which had a nasty meaning. According to Bilge Umar, Strabon was uneasy with the name of the island and he used the name Poroselene instead. On some rocks of the island there are traces of malachite. References
Маден (остров)

Маден (тур. Maden Adası) — остров, принадлежащий Турции, в юго-западной части залива Эдремит Эгейского моря к западу от более крупного острова Алибей, лежащего напротив порта Айвалык (Кидоние или Кидония). Один из островов Моско (Алибей). Высочайшая точка — гора Богаз высотой 104 м над уровнем моря. Западнее расположен меньший остров Кючюк-Маден. Проливы между островами Моско узкие, что делает проход судов затруднительным и опасным. Административно относится к району Айвалык в иле Балыкесир. Отождествляется с островом Пордоселена (др.-греч. Πορδοσελήνη) с одноимённым городом, о котором сообщают древние авторы. Греческое название острова в более поздние времена — Пиргос (греч. Πύργος). На острове с древности расположено множество свинцовых рудников, ныне заброшенных. Они и дали название острову (тур. maden — «металл, руда, рудник»). Примечания
Tatlıca Waterfalls

Tatlıca Waterfalls is a series of waterfalls in Sinop Province, north Turkey. Geography Administratively, Tatlıca Waterfalls are in the rural area of Ayancık ilçe (district ) of Sinop Province. But the shortest road to the waterfalls is via Erfelek ilçe and they are considered as a part of Erfelek. At 41°50′10″N 34°46′44″E its distance to Erfelek is 17 kilometres (11 mi), to Sinop is 42 kilometres (26 mi) and to Ayancık is 86 kilometres (53 mi). The road from Erfelek to the waterfalls runs along the west coast of Erfelek Dam reservoir. The falls There are 28 small waterfalls in cascade. The source of the waterfall is Karasu creek which is a low capacity creek with high potential energy due to relatively high ramp of the stream bed which is 17%. The water falls in a hanging valley. It is possible to climb up within the waterfall to a certain height. But now a staircase has been added next to the waterfall and it is possible to climb up without getting wet. The management In 2011 the waterfalls were handed over to Ministry of Forestry and they were included in the List of nature parks of Turkey. The total area of the nature park is 453.09 decares (0.45309 km2; 0.17494 sq mi) including the area allocated to picnickers. See also List of waterfalls List of waterfalls in Turkey References
Шах-султан (мечеть)

Мече́ть Шах Султа́н (тур. Şah Sultan Camii) — мечеть в районе Эюп в европейской части Стамбула. История Мечеть была построена архитектором Синаном по приказу сестры Сулеймана Кануни, Шах Султан, недалеко от Золотого Рога. Здание мечети сравнительно небольшого размера (16×13 м), прямоугольное; материалом для строительства стали натуральный камень и плитка из обожженной красной глины. При мечети имеется один минарет. Первоначальный вид мечети был изменён после череды землетрясений (самое крупное — 1766 год). Последняя реконструкция мечети состоялась в 2005 году, когда деревянные части здания и элементы отделки были заменены на железобетон и мрамор. Недалеко от мечети имеется захоронение шейха Ахмета Эфенди. Примечания Ссылки Константин Филиппович, Путеводитель : мечеть Шах Султан в Стамбуле
ZETES power stations

The Zonguldak Eren Termik Santrali (ZETES) power stations in Zonguldak are 3 coal-fired power stations in Turkey totaling 2790 MW owned by Eren Holding via Eren Enerji. Built between 2010 and 2016, ZETES-1 is 160 MW, ZETES-2 is 1230 MW and ZETES-3 is 1400 MW. Together they are the largest installed capacity coal-fired power stations in Turkey and are estimated by Climate Trace to emit over 15 million tons (Mt) CO2 per year, over 2% of Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions. Located within about a kilometer of each other and the Black Sea the plants burn bituminous coal imported via the nearby Eren Port. ZETES-3 was financed by IşBank and Garanti Bank. The plants received 13 million lira capacity payments in 2018, and 10 million lira in 2019. In 2022 the plants generated over 16 TWh of electricity. The emission factor was estimated at 870g CO2eq per KWh in 2020. Their licences end in 2053. For ZETES-1 it is estimated that closing the plant by 2030, instead of when its licence ends, would prevent over 1000 premature deaths. For ZETES-2 it is estimated that closing the plant by 2030, instead of when its licence ends, would prevent over 4000 premature deaths. For ZETES-3 it is estimated that closing the plant by 2030, instead of when its licence ends, would prevent over 5000 premature deaths. References External links ZETES power stations on Global Energy Monitor
Lake Gala National Park

The Lake Gala National Park (Turkish: Gala Gölü Milli Parkı), established on March 5, 2005, is a national park located within Edirne Province in Marmara region of Turkey. The national park covers an area consisting of Lake Pamuklu and Lake Küçük Gala within the boundaries of İpsala and Enez districts of Edirne Province. It is 8 km (5.0 mi) far from Enez, and 23 km (14 mi) from İpsala. In 1991, 2,369 ha (5,850 acres) of land was declared a nature reserve. In 2002, biologists from Trakya University in Edirne demanded transformation of the protected area into national park status due to pollution of lakes by pesticide waste and fertilizer, used in agriculture, as well as uncontrolled fishing activities and bird poaching that reach a level of massacre. In 2005, the area was enlarged to 6,090 ha (15,000 acres), and it was established as a national park. Lake Gala National Park is an ecosystem of 3,090 ha (7,600 acres) wetland, lake and 3,000 ha (7,400 acres) forest. It is a habitat for various plant and animal species. The protected area is administered by the Directorate-General of Nature Protection and National Parks (Turkish: Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü) of the Ministry of Environment and Forest. The national park is situated within the Maritsa Delta Wetland, which is a Ramsar site of A-class meeting three criteria. Fauna Birds The park is quite rich of bird genera. The area hosts around 45,000 birds. Some 163 bird species are observed in the area, of which 46 are resident, 27 winter migratory and 90 summer migratory birds. Best time to observe most of the bird species all together is between April and May in the spring, and September and October in the fall. In February 2018, it was reported that nearly ten thousand flamingos arrived at the lake for the first time to overwinter because of the mild winter weather, in addition to ducks, geese and trumpeter swans. Fish The two lakes are home to 16 fish genera, including European eel (Anguilla anguilla), zander (Stizostedion lucioperca), common carp (Cyprinus carpi) and northern pike (Esox lucius), which are of high economic value. References
Озеро Гала (национальный парк)

Озеро Гала — национальный парк в районах Ипсала и Энез ила Эдирне Турецкой Республики. История В 1991 году территория в 23,69 км² была объявлена заповедником. В 2002 году Тракийский университет в Эдирне потребовал изменить категорию охраняемой природной зоны на национальный парк, аргументировав это загрязнением озёр на территории пестицидами и удобрениями, а также неконтролируемым рыболовством. В 2005 году территория в 60,9 км² была объявлена национальным парком. В феврале 2018 года около 10 тысяч фламинго зимовали на озере вместе с утками, гусями и лебедями-трубачами. География На территории национального парка расположено два озера: Памуклу и Кючук-Гала. Ближайший город и административный центр одноимённого района — Энез — расположен приблизительно в восьми километрах от территории парка, город Ипсала — в 14 километрах. Общая площадь парка составляет 60,9 км². Экосистема парка занимает 30,90 км², остальная территория (озёра и лес) — 30 км². Национальный парк расположен в водно-болотном угодье. Флора и фауна Национальный парк является местом обитания для множества видов растений и животных. На территории парка обитает 45 тысяч птиц 163 различных видов, 46 из которых — зимующие, а 117 — перелётные (27 — зимние, 90 — летние). Лучшим временем для наблюдения за птицами в парке является апрель—май и сентябрь—октябрь. В озёрах парка обитает 16 родов рыб, в том числе речной угорь, обыкновенный судак, сазан, щука, все они представляют собой ценность для рыбаков. Примечания
Alaeddin Mosque (Eskişehir)

Alaeddin Mosque, also known as Alaaddin Mosque (Turkish: Alaeddin Camii or Alaaddin Camii) is a historic mosque in Odunpazarı district of Eskişehir Province, Turkey. Alaeddin Mosque is situated in Alaeddin Park at Odunpazarı, Eskişehir. According to an inscription at the base of its minaret, it was built in 1267, during the reign of Seljuq Sultan of Rûm Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev III (reigned 1265–1284). It was donated by Nur al-Din ibn Jaja, a follower of Mevlana. It is so one of the oldest buildings in Eskişehir. The almost-quadratic rectangular-plan mosque is constructed in rubble masonry. An octagonal 6.50 m (21.3 ft)-diameter dome sits in the middle of the flat wooden roof. Entrance to the mosque is at the northern side. A wooden staircase leads to the women's section in the upper floor. The dome's interior is adorned with Quran verses at its border. The mihrab is placed in a niche in the south of the mosque, and features late Ottoman architectural style. The mosque is brightened by big rectangular windows. Two-level window layout is applied at the north and lateral facades, at the women's section and the narthex. The building completely lost its original construction properties after several restorations. A major alteration took place in 1945. The mosque was closed to worship by a cabinet decree, and was used as an archaeological museum until the establishment of the Eskişehir Eti Archaeology Museum. The mosque was restored lately in 2014. References
Коджаада

Коджаада (тур. Koca Ada, Kocaada) — необитаемый остров в Турции, расположенный в заливе Хисарёню Эгейского моря, к северу от села Бозбурун, к югу от острова Дишлидже и к западу от острова Камерье. Относится к району Мармарис в иле Мугла. Наивысшая точка 151 метр над уровнем моря. Примечания
Коджаада

Коджаада (тур. Koca Ada, Kocaada) — безлюдний острів в Туреччині, розташований в затоці Хисарьоню Егейського моря, на північ від села Бозбурун, на південь від острова Дишлидже і на захід від острова Камерьє. Відноситься до району Мармарис в ілі Мугла. Найвища точка 151 метр над рівнем моря. Примітки
Balatlar-Kirche

Die Balatlar-Kirche oder Kirche Sinope Koimesis ist eine frühbyzantinische Kirche vom Typ einer Basilika im Viertel Ada der Stadt Sinop (antik Sinope) in der nordtürkischen Provinz Sinop an den Ufern des Schwarzen Meeres. In dem Gebäude befinden sich Fresken von Jesus, Maria und den Heiligen, die jedoch durch Vandalismus und Verwitterung stark beschädigt sind. Archäologische Ausgrabungen Seit 2009 finden in der Kirche Ausgrabungen unter der Leitung von Gülgün Köroğlu von der Abteilung für Kunstgeschichte der Mimar-Sinan-Universität statt. Türkische Archäologen fanden ein Stück Gestein mit eingravierten Kreuzen. Mit Blick auf den archäologischen Prozess merkte Köroğlu an: Sie fügte hinzu: Weblinks Gülgün Köroğlu: SİNOP BALATLAR KİLİSESİ KAZILARI. In: sinopbalatlar.net. Abgerufen am 8. Dezember 2015 (türkisch). Einzelnachweise
Balatlar Church

Balatlar Church or Sinope Koimesis Church originally built as a Roman Imperial bath in the 2nd century, the complex, featuring spaces such as the Palaestra, Frigidarium, Tepidarium, Caldarium, and Laconicum, was converted into a church in the late 4th or early 5th century. The church remained in use until the late 20th century and was transformed into an Orthodox burial ground during the Ottoman era, with numerous burials taking place both inside the building and in its courtyard, establishing it as a significant cemetery for the Orthodox community. The church is located in the northern province of Sinop, Turkey, on the shores of the Black Sea. All frescoes of Jesus, Mary, mother of Jesus and saints are heavily damaged because of the human and weather factors. Archaeological excavations Since 2009 the site has been the scene of archaeological excavations by Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University under the direction of Professor Gülgün Köroğlu of the university's art history department. Turkish archaeologists have found a piece of a stone with crosses carved on it. In remarks to the press, Köroğlu said: “We have found a holy thing in a chest. It is a piece of a cross, and we think it was [part of the True Cross]. This stone chest is very important to us. It has a history and is the most important artifact we have unearthed so far." Köroğlu added, "We have also found a number of human bones during our excavation, we have been working here for four years and have found more than 2,000 skeletons. We have learned many things during the excavation that we did not previously know.” Many mosaics and reliquary fragments have been discovered. In the Frigidarium, which was transformed into a Nekhorion (burial chapel), the mosaics were crafted using the opus tessellatum technique and the inscriptions on the mosaic panels indicate that they were commissioned as offerings by the relatives of those buried there. During 2024 excavations, archaeologists discovered a 19th-century skull inscribed with the Greek words "Pilgrim Dimitrakis", the first known example of this burial tradition in Anatolia, though similar cases have been found in Greece and Egypt. The skull, believed to belong to a cleric who had made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, reflects an ancient Orthodox practice of inscribing and displaying skulls. References
Церковь Балатлар

Це́рковь Балатла́р или Синопская Церковь Успения Пресвятой Богородицы — развалины церкви в Синопе (Турция), в районе Юсуфоглу. Относится к византийской эпохе. Церковь расположена на площади 3.062 м2, построена около 660 года в форме прямоугольной базилики — возможно, на месте гибели священномученика Фоки. На месте церкви ранее располагалась римская баня, в XI—XIII веках помещение использовалось для хранения зерна, позже в Османской империи вновь передано христианской общине под монастырь. Здание заброшено в 1920-х годах в связи с депортацией греков-христиан («обмен населением» между Турцией и Грецией). Археологические раскопки С 2010 года Университет изобразительных искусств имени Мимара Синана проводит в церкви и на прилегающей площади раскопки, руководит ими профессор Гюльгюн Кёроглу. На северной и южной стенах церкви сохранились фрески византийского времени с изображениями Иисуса, Девы Марии и апостолов. Фрески повреждены временем и вандалами, в настоящее время взяты под защиту. Раскопки обнаружили многочисленные захоронения византийского времени (более тысячи), а также христианские реликвии — самой известной из которых стал каменный реликварий с фрагментом деревянного креста. Как предполагается, это фрагмент обретённого в Палестине в 325 году креста, на котором был распят Иисус Христос. Этот крест был распилен на несколько фрагментов и хранился в разных церквях. Профессор Кёроглу считает эту находку самой важной на раскопках в Синопе. Раскопки продолжаются, в 2018 году найдены новые материалы, в том числе относящиеся к V веку постройки и мозаики. В феврале 2019 года церковь Балатлар упомянул в своей программной речи министр культуры и туризма Нури Эрсой: он отметил высокий туристический потенциал археологического памятника, выразил сожаление о том, что Балатлар — единственное место раскопок в Синопе в настоящее время, и призвал местные власти участвовать в национальной программе по расширению археологических исследований (речь идёт о поддержке турецким министерством культуры и туризма 20 круглогодичных экспедиций). Примечания
Apollonia Salbaces

Apollonia Salbaces or Apollonia Salbakes (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολλωνία Σαλβάκη) was a town in ancient Caria, Anatolia. It became the seat of a bishop, and under the name Apollonia Salbace it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. The site of Apollonia Salbaces is near the modern village Medet in the Tavas district of Denizli province in Turkey. References
Saatli-Moschee

Die Saatli-Moschee (früher türkisch Ayos İanni Kilisesi, von griechisch ῞Αγιος ᾿Ιωάννης ‚Heiliger Johannes‘) ist eine Moschee in Ayvalık. Das Gebäude wurde um 1850 als griechisch-orthodoxe Kirche errichtet. Sie wurde nach den Griechenverfolgungen im Osmanischen Reich 1914–1923 und dem darauffolgenden Bevölkerungsaustausch zwischen Griechenland und der Türkei im Jahre 1928 in eine Moschee umgewandelt. Nach der Umwandlung wurde die auf dem Plan eines orthodoxen Kreuzes errichtete Kirche zunächst Basar-Moschee (Çarşı Camii) genannt – unter Beibehaltung des von den Griechen mit errichteten Glockenturmes. Die historischen Ikonen hingegen wurden entfernt und die Fresken übermalt. Seit der Glockenturm bei einem Erdbeben im Jahre 1944 oben zerstört und in einen Uhrturm umgewandelt wurde, wird die Moschee „Moschee mit Uhr“ (Saatli Camii) genannt. Im September 2003 stürzte bei einem Sturm das Minarett auf die Kirche und beschädigte die mit Ziegelsteinen bedachte Kuppel. Mit 24 Metern Höhe war die ein Areal von 375 Quadratmetern umfassende Kirche die zweitgrößte im Landkreis Ayvalık (gr. Kydonies). Das dazu errichtete Minarett ist 44 Meter hoch. Siehe auch Taxiarches-Kirche Gregor von Kydonies Quellen Saatli Cami dikkat çekiyor. Milliyet, abgerufen am 13. Dezember 2015. Ayvalık’ın en yüksek yapısı Saatli Camii. Star, abgerufen am 13. Dezember 2015.
Eastern Anatolia Observatory

Eastern Anatolia Observatory (Turkish: Doğu Anadolu Gözlemevi, shortly DAG) is a 4-meter telescope, ground-based astronomical observatory of Atatürk University in Erzurum, Turkey. The project to establish an observatory in Erzurum is conducted by the Astrophysics Research and Application Center of Atatürk University with the scientific and technical coordination of TÜBİTAK National Observatory and financial support of the Ministry of Development, Government of Erzurum Province, 40 universities and seven observatories in the region. It is the country's biggest project for astronomy, astrophysics and space science. The observatory will be built on a land of 2,500 decares (2.5 km2; 0.97 sq mi) atop Karakaya Hill at 3,170 m (10,400 ft) above sea level within the Konaklı Ski Resort 25 km (16 mi) south of Erzurum. It will host Turkey's first infrared telescope. The telescope will have an active primary mirror of 4 m (13 ft) in diameter and will be equipped with adaptive optics (AO) technology. The contract for the construction of the telescope has been awarded to the Belgian company AMOS in 2014. The request for tender for the design and construction of the rotating hemispherical dome to house the large telescope was won by the Italian company EIE Group Srl in November 2015. The completion of the observatory is scheduled for end 2019. The 4 meter telescope reached technical first light in 2024, and completed initial testing in September 2025. References
Observatorio de Anatolia Oriental

El Observatorio de Anatolia Oriental (turco: Doğu Anadolu Gözlemevi, abreviado, DAG) es una propuesta para un observatorio astronómico terrestre de la Universidad Atatürk en Erzurum, Turquía.​ Planteamiento El proyecto de establecer un observatorio en Erzurum lo realiza el Centro de Investigación y Aplicación de Astrofísica de la Universidad Atatürk con la coordinación científica y técnica del Observatorio Nacional del TÜBİTAK y el apoyo financiero del Ministerio de Desarrollo, del Gobierno de la provincia de Erzurum, 40 universidades y siete observatorios en la región. Es el proyecto más grande del país respecto la astronomía, la astrofísica y la ciencia espacial. Está previsto que el proyecto se divida en tres fase: el DAG (telescopio, habitáculo, edificios e infraestructuras), el FPI (instrumentos de plano focal y óptica adaptativa) y el MCP (planta de recubrimiento de espejos).​​ El observatorio se construirá en un terreno de 2,5 km² sobre la colina Karakaya a 3,170 m sobre el nivel del mar dentro de la estación de esquí de Konaklı, a 25 km al sur de Erzurum.​ Presentará el primer telescopio infrarrojo de Turquía. El telescopio con un diámetro de espejo de 4 m. se construirá en la tecnología óptica adaptativa (OA).​​ La solicitud de licitación para el diseño y la construcción de la cúpula hemisférica giratoria para albergar el gran telescopio fue ganada por la empresa italiana EIE Group Srl en noviembre de 2015. La finalización del observatorio está programada para fines de 2019. Referencias
Observatório da Anatólia Oriental

O Observatório da Anatólia Oriental (em turco: Doğu Anadolu Gözlemevi, abreviado DAG) é um observatório astronômico terrestre em projeto da Universidade de Atatürk em Erzurum, Turquia. O projeto de criação de um observatório em Erzurum foi conduzido pelo Centro de Pesquisa e Aplicação de Astrofísica da Universidade de Atatürk com a coordenação científica e técnica do Observatório Nacional do TÜBİTAK e com o apoio financeiro do Ministério do Desenvolvimento, governo da província de Erzurum, 40 universidades e sete observatórios na região. Ele é o maior projeto de astronomia, astrofísica e ciência espacial do país. O observatório será construído em uma terra de 2 500 hectares e está localizado no topo de Karakaya Hill a 3 170 m acima do nível do mar, dentro da estação de esqui de Konaklı, cerca de 25 km ao sul da cidade de Erzurum. O observatório será o primeiro a conter um telescópio de infravermelho na Turquia. O telescópio contém um espelho com diâmetro de 4 m e será construído em tecnologia de óptica adaptativa (AO). O pedido de concurso para o projeto e construção da cúpula hemisférica rotativa para abrigar o grande telescópio foi conquistado pela empresa italiana EIE Group Srl em novembro de 2015. A conclusão do observatório está prevista para o final de 2019. Referências