NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Cebeci railway station

Cebeci railway station (Turkish: Cebeci tren istasyonu) is a railway station in Ankara, Turkey, on the Başkentray commuter rail line, part of the Turkish State Railways network. Cebeci railway station was put into service in 1972 and became a stop of the Sincan-Kayaş commuter rail line. The station was closed in 2016 and then demolished, it started its reconstruction in 2017 and opened on April 12, 2018. References
Kangal power station

Kangal power station is a 457 MW coal-fired power station in Turkey in Sivas, mostly built in the late 20th century, which burns lignite mined locally. The plant is owned by Anadolu Birlik Holding via Konya Şeker and in 2018 received 51 million lira capacity payments. The area is a sulfur dioxide air pollution hotspot, and agricultural soil is contaminated with chromium, nickel and mercury. References External links Kangal power station on Global Energy Monitor Sivas Kangal coal mine on Global Energy Monitor
Seyitömer power station

Seyitömer power station is a 600-megawatt coal-fired power station in Turkey near Seyitömer, Kütahya Province, built in the late 20th century, which burns lignite mined locally. The four units were started in 1973, 1974, 1977 and 1989. The plant is owned by Çelikler Holding and in 2018 received 67 million lira capacity payments. The area is a sulfur dioxide air pollution hotspot. In January 2020 the plant was shut down for failing to meet new pollution limits: however three out of four units were upgraded and restarted later in 2020. According to İklim Değişikliği Politika ve Araştırma Derneği (Climate Change Policy and Research Association) in 2021 the plant discharged waste without a licence and without penalty. It is estimated that closing the plant by 2030, instead of when its licence ends in 2062, would prevent over 4000 premature deaths. References External links Seyitömer power station on Global Energy Monitor Seyitomer coal mine on Global Energy Monitor
Tunçbilek power station

Tunçbilek power station (also known as Çelikler Tunçbilek power station) is a 365 MW coal-fired power station in Turkey in Kütahya built in the 1970s, which burns lignite from Tunçbilek coal mine. The plant is owned by Çelikler Holding and in 2018 received 41 million lira capacity payments. The area is a sulfur dioxide air pollution hotspot. According to İklim Değişikliği Politika ve Araştırma Derneği (Climate Change Policy and Research Association) in 2021 the plant operated without a licence for 11 days without penalty. In 2022 it was operating on a temporary licence. It is estimated that closing the plant by 2030, instead of when its licence ends in 2064, would prevent over 6000 premature deaths. References External links Tunçbilek power station on Global Energy Monitor
Kraftwerk Iskenderun

Das Kraftwerk Iskenderun ist ein 2003 in Betrieb gegangenes Steinkohlenkraftwerk in İskenderun, Türkei. Es gilt bislang sowohl als größte Investition der Steag GmbH als auch als die größte Auslandsinvestition in der Türkei. Installiert wurden zwei Kraftwerksblöcke von je 600 Megawatt Leistung. Von den 1,5 Mrd. US-Dollar Investitionssumme finanzierte die Steag GmbH rund ein Viertel aus eigenen Mitteln. Weitere 75 % stellte ein Bankenkonsortium bereit, angeführt von der KfW, der Dresdner Bank und der WestLB. Für die Absicherung des investierten Kapitals und der Kredite der Banken wurden Staatsgarantien der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sowie Kreditversicherungen der Länder Deutschland, Österreich und Südafrika zur Verfügung gestellt. Grundlage des Projektes ist ein Stromliefervertrag über 16 Jahre mit dem staatlichen türkischen Energieversorgungsunternehmen Türkiye Elektrik Ticaret ve Taahhüt (TETAŞ). Die Zahlungen sind durch eine türkische Staatsgarantie abgesichert. Ergänzend wurden Festpreisvereinbarungen mit den Lieferanten und Versicherungen abgeschlossen. Mit Evonik Trading GmbH und Rheinbraun Brennstoff wurde ein Liefervertrag über jährlich drei Mio. t SKE Steinkohle für die gesamte Laufzeit des Stromvertrages abgeschlossen. Die Kohle wird auf dem Weltmarkt beschafft. Zwei- bis dreimal pro Monat werden Kohlelieferungen von 170.000 t und zukünftig max. 240.000 t großen Frachtern, die eine Länge von bis zu 320 m haben, über den Seeweg in die Bucht von Iskenderun verschifft. Dort wird die Kohle über eine spezielle, schwimmende Umschlagsanlage (Transshipper Isken) auf dem Wasserweg angelandet. 2025 verkaufte die Steag ihren Anteil an den türkischen Partner OYAK. Siehe auch Liste von Kraftwerken in der Türkei Quellen Schröder weiht Steag-Kraftwerk Iskenderun ein auf udo-leuschner.de Beschreibung des Kraftwerks auf einer Seite der Steag Beschreibung und Lagekarte auf einer Seite der Diler Holding (türkisch) Einzelnachweise
İsken Sugözü power station

İsken Sugözü power station is a 1320 MW operational coal fired power station in Turkey. History The plant started operating in 2003. Ownership STEAG had 51% share and OYAK 49%. In 2025 Steag sold its share to OYAK. Coal supply Electricity generation Health and environmental impact Local pollution There is a lot of heavy industry around Iskenderun Bay, including two other coal-fired power stations, Atlas and Emba Hunutlu. Cancers increased in the decade since the plant started and respiratory diseases increased during the 2010s, but because smokestack measurements are only sent to the government not published, it is difficult to estimate how much of the air pollution illnesses and deaths are due to the power plants. However İsken Sugözü is the oldest and the only one using subcritical technology, so is likely to be more polluting per GWh electricity generated than the other two coal-fired power stations (a study for China estimated 200 to 400 early deaths per GW-year). Mercury emissions have been estimated at over 200 kg/year. It is estimated that closing the plant by 2030, instead of when its licence ends in 2039, would prevent over 3000 premature deaths. As well as the plant discharging into the bay, a ship carrying coal ash was wrecked there. Greenhouse gases As Turkey has no carbon emission trading it would not be economically viable to capture and store the gas. Climate TRACE estimates it emitted over 6 million tons of the country's total 730 million tons of greenhouse gas in 2022: the company is on the Urgewald Global Coal Exit List. Opposition There were protests by Greenpeace and others. Opposition to the power plant carried forward to opposition to Emba Hunutlu power station in the late 2010s. See also Energy in Turkey List of power stations in Turkey Electricity sector in Turkey References Sources Anne Stauffer; Deniz Gümüşel (2016). Genon K. Jensen (ed.). Coal power generation and health in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey (PDF) (Report). Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL). External links İsken Sugözü power station on Global Energy Monitor
Şırnak Silopi power station

Şırnak Silopi power station (Turkish: Şırnak-Silopi Termik Santralı) is a 405 MW operational power station in Silopi, in Şırnak Province in the south-east of Turkey. It is fuelled with asphaltite from Silopi asphaltite mine. Operation The plant was built in the early 21st century by Silopi Electric, which is part of the Ciner Group. It is fuelled with asphaltite from a nearby mine and serves over 650,000 people. Although its fuel is technically not coal it is regulated similarly; for example, the mining rights were tendered by TKİ, the state Turkish Coal Operations Authority. In 2020 the mining company said it planned an increase from 80 thousand tonnes per year to 250 thousand. Since the plant is further to the south-east than other fossil fuel power stations in Turkey, interconnection with the electricity sector in Iraq may be possible. Despite abundant local renewable resources, under the energy policy of Turkey the plant is subsidised: it received capacity payments of 45 million lira in 2018, and 61 million in 2019. According to Ciner Group, in addition to the 1,000 direct employees in the plant and nearby mine, the plant supports 2,000 local jobs indirectly. Environmental impact It has been claimed that an increase in local illnesses is due to air pollution from the plant, and Hüseyin Kaçmaz, member of parliament for Şırnak, said in 2019 that the plant had damaged local people's health. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were within the 2018 limits, but the SO2 limit was halved to 200 milligrams per cubic metre from 1st January 2020. Turkey is not a signatory to the Aarhus Convention on public access to environmental information, and it is not publicly known how much pollution is currently being emitted. Guidance issued to local middle school teachers by the Ministry of Education describes the plant as environmentally friendly, but pupils are asked to note its advantages and disadvantages together with those of the mine. The power station emits more than 2 megatonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide (CO2) a year (of the 500 Mt total greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey). As Turkey has no carbon emission trading it would not be economically viable to capture and store the gas. See also List of power stations in Turkey References Sources ÇED ve ÇEVRE HİZMETLERİ ŞUBE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ (2019). ŞIRNAK İLİ 2018 YILI ÇEVRE DURUM RAPORU (PDF) (Report) (in Turkish). Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Turkey). External links Şırnak Silopi power station on Global Energy Monitor Silopi Electric on Ciner Group
Бига

Бига (на турски: Biga) е град в Западна Турция, вилает Чанаккале, регион Мармара. Градът е околийски център и община. Разположен е на р. Бига, 90 км североизточно от вилаетския център град Чанаккале. По данни от преброяването през 2000 г. населението на града възлиза на 27 549 жители (при население за цялата околия 77 169 жители). Надморската височина на централната част на града е 21 м. В Античността на мястото на днешния град Бига се е намирал градът Пегеа, по-късно известен като Пигас. При избухването на Балканската война в 1912 година един човек от Бига е доброволец в Македоно-одринското опълчение. Галерия Източници Външни препртаки ((tr)) Официална уеб страница на околия Бига ((tr)) Пътна карта на околностите на Бига ((tr)) Снимки от град Бига Архив на оригинала от 2016-03-03 в Wayback Machine. ((tr)) Информация за Бига
Biga (Çanakkale)

Biga és una ciutat i districte a la província de Çanakkale a la regió de Màrmara (Turquia). És a la riba del riu Biga a 90 km al nord-est de centre de la ciutat de Çanak Kale. Segons el cens de 2000, la població del districte era de 77.169, dels quals 27.549 vivien a la ciutat de Biga. El districte té una superfície de 1.354 km², i la ciutat és a una alçada de 21 msnm. Història Biga és al lloc de l'antiga ciutat de Peguea, més tard coneguda com a Pigas. Els arqueòlegs encara no han establert des de quan fou ocupat. En l'antiguitat, Peguea, situada a la plana d'Adrastea, a la frontera entre la Tròade i Mísia, es va incloure de vegades com a part d'una i de vegades altra. Since coming under Ottoman rule in 1364 it has been known as Biga. D'ençà de l'arribada de l'Imperi Otomà el 1364 es coneix com a Biga. Galeria Referències Enllaços externs Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. «Geographical information on Biga, Turkey» (en anglès). [Consulta: 24 abril 2009]. Viccionari
Biga

Biga ist eine Stadt und der Sitz eines Landkreises im Nordosten der türkischen Provinz Çanakkale. In Biga lebt etwa 62 Prozent der Kreisbevölkerung, damit ist Biga nach der Provinzhauptstadt Çanakkale die bevölkerungsreichste Stadt in dieser Provinz. Biga gilt außerdem als Schulstadt und beherbergt jährlich an die 2000 Studenten. Der Fluss Biga Çayı, der antike Granikos, teilt die Stadt in zwei Hälften. Trotz der Nähe zum Meer hat Biga keine eigene Küste. Der Landkreis ist der zweitgrößte der Provinz und grenzt im Norden an das Marmarameer, östlich an den Kreis Gönen in der Provinz Balıkesir, südlich an den Kreis Çan und westlich an den Kreis Lapseki. Die Bevölkerungsdichte ist etwa um ein Viertel höher als der Provinzdurchschnitt. Neben der Landwirtschaft ist auch die Stahlindustrie ein entscheidender Wirtschaftsfaktor. Politisch besteht der Kreis neben der Kreisstadt und den beiden Gemeinden (Belediye, Belde) Gümüşçay (1972) und Karabiga (2934 Einw.) noch aus 108 Dörfern (Köy) mit durchschnittlich 272 Bewohnern. Damit ist Biga der Kreis mit der höchsten Anzahl an Dörfern (Provinzdurchschnitt: 48). Vier Dörfer haben mehr als 1000 Einwohner: Ağaköy (1676), Örtülüce (1245), Balıklıçeşme (1192) und Yeniçiftlik (1102 Einw.). Weblinks Einzelnachweise
Biga, Çanakkale

Biga is a city in Çanakkale Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is located on the Biga River, 90 kilometres (56 miles) northeast from Çanakkale city centre. It is the seat of Biga District. Its population is 57,125 (2021). The town lies at an elevation of 21 m (69 ft). The center of COMU Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is in Biga. History Name Within the area of Biga (at Karabiga) is the site of the ancient city of Pegaea (Greek: Πηγαία), also known as Pegae or Pegai (Πηγαί, "the Springs") until late Byzantine times (in Crusader sources it is also known as Spiga). Archaeologists have not yet established how far back the site has been inhabited. In ancient times, Pegaea, located on the plain of Adrastea on the border between the Troad and Mysia, was sometimes included as part of one and sometimes the other. Since coming under Ottoman rule in 1364 it has been known as Biga. Under the Ottomans, it was the seat of a sanjak. Ecclesiastical history In the early 14th century, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos made Pegae a metropolis, by uniting it with Parium, as they both faced decline amid the Turkoman and Ghazi invasions. In 1354 the metropolis of Pegae-Parium was described as being close to disappearing. The incumbent metropolitan received the see of Sozopolis in hopes that it would support the other two economically. However, the metropolis soon disappeared. Tourism Among the tourist sites in the district are the Ilıcabashı spa, Parion (Kemer), Priapos (Karabiga castle) International relations Biga is twinned with: Xanthi, Greece (since 2000) See also Biga Çayı Cheese dessert of Biga Gallery References External links Media related to Biga at Wikimedia Commons Road map of Biga and environs Detailed map of Biga district of Çanakkale Various images of Biga, Çanakkale Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Various images of Karabiga in Biga, Çanakkale Archived 2013-05-01 at the Wayback Machine Information on Biga (in Turkish)
Biga (Çanakkale)

Biga est un district et chef-lieu de district de la province de Çanakkale en Turquie. Elle est à environ 90 km de la capitale provinciale Çanakkale. Le district a une superficie totale de 1 354 km2 pour une population d'environ 78 000 habitants, soit une densité de population d'environ 58 hab./km2. Biga est le siège de la faculté d'administration et de sciences économiques de l'université de Çanakkale (en). Histoire La rivière qui passe à proximité de la ville est appelée Biga Çayı (en turc : rivière de Biga) c'est l'antique Granique dont les berges ont été le théâtre de la première défaite de l'empereur de Perse Darius III contre Alexandre le Grand en 334 av. J.-C.. La ville se serait appelée Pege (en grec : Πηγή, source ; en latin Pegæ ou Pege). Au début du XIVe siècle, l'empereur byzantin Andronic II Paléologue, pour arrêter l'avance des Turcs, fait appel à des mercenaires catalans, les Almogavres, commandés par Roger de Flor, qui rejettent les Turcs jusqu'aux montagnes du Taurus qui s'installent dans la région de Biga. Devant les succès militaires de Roger de Flor et son emprise sur l'Anatolie, Andronic le fait assassiner durant un banquet. Les compagnies de catalans, afin de venger leur commandant, vont rapidement prendre leur indépendance. Peu après, la ville a été prise par beys de Karasi. En 1364, le sultan ottoman Orhan Gazi conquiert la région et en donne le gouvernement à Karaboğa. Sites Kemer/Parion Le village de Kemer à environ 28 km au nord-ouest de Biga sur la côte de la mer de Marmara, est proche du site de la ville antique de Parion. Karabiga Karabiga (en turc : Biga noire) est à environ 20 km au nord de Biga sur la côte de la mer de Marmara. Elle est proche de l'embouchure de la rivière Biga Çayı et proche du site de la ville antique de Priapos (en grec : Πρίαπος ; en latin : Priapus), qui avait un culte au dieu Priape comme les deux villes voisines de Parion et Lampsaque (près de Lapseki). Notes et références Annexes Articles connexes Biga Çayı (fleuve Granique) Bataille du Granique Liens externes Site officiel (en) « Granicus River Valley Survey Project »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Google • Que faire ?), sur « University of New England : Current Archaeology in Turkey » Portail de la Turquie
Biga (Turchia)

Biga è una città e distretto nella provincia di Çanakkale nella regione di Marmara in Turchia. È situata vicino al fiume Granico 90 km a nord-est della città di Çanakkale. Stando al censimento del 2000 il distretto di Biga ha 77169 abitanti mentre la città 27549. La città è conosciuta per essere il sito dove un tempo sorgeva l'antico insediamento di Pegea più tardi chiamato Pigas. Vicino alla città nel 334 a.C. si svolse la battaglia del Granico. Galleria d'immagini Note Bibliografia (EN) Falling Rain Genomics, Inc, Geographical information on Biga, Turkey, su fallingrain.com. URL consultato il 24 aprile 2009. Voci correlate Granico Sangiaccato di Biga Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Biga Collegamenti esterni (TR) Sito ufficiale del governatore del distretto, su biga.gov.tr. Mappa stradale di Biga e dintorni (GIF), su adiyamanli.org. Mappa dettagliata del distretto di Biga (JPG), su canakkaleabc.com. URL consultato il 1º marzo 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 21 aprile 2012). Immagini di Biga, su wowturkey.com. URL consultato il 1º marzo 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 3 marzo 2016). Immagini di Karabiga a Biga, Çanakkale, su wowturkey.com. URL consultato il 1º marzo 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 1º maggio 2013). (TR) Informazioni su Biga, su bigabiga.com.
Бига

Бига (тур. Biga) — город и район в провинции Чанаккале (Турция). Топоним Название «Бига» происходит от греческого названия города греч. Πηγαί от πηγή — «водяной поток». История Город Бига известен победой над персами Александра Великого (334 до н. э.) на реке Гранике, и султана Али-Эддина над татарами в 1288 году. В 1078 году захвачен турками-сельджуками, затем отбит крестоносцами и возвращён Византии. В ходе реколонизации после 1083 года в городе поселились греки-критяне, православные куманы и множество латинян. В XIV веке Пеги были одним из немногих уцелевших владений Византии в Вифинии наряду с крепостями Хиле, Гераклия Понтийская и Амстрида. Тысячи малозийских греков стекались в хорошо укрепленные Пеги. Но из-за скученности, недоедания и болезней крепость вскоре поразила чума. Пеги были покорены турками в 1371 году после долгой осады. Население В 1912 году в городе и районе проживали: Турки — 58 588 чел. Греки — 9 100 чел. Армяне — 398 чел. Евреи — 98 чел. Инфраструктура Кампус и библиотека университетa Чанаккале Онсекиз Март. Ссылки Официальный сайт города Официальный сайт района Примечания Литература Бига // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.
Orhaneli power station

Orhaneli power station is a small lignite coal-fired power station in Orhaneli, Bursa Province, Turkey. History The power station was completed in 1991. It was shut down in January 2020 for not meeting new emission rules but reopened in June with a temporary licence to January 2021. Environment Right to Clean Air Platform has called for flue gas emissions figures to be released. References External links Orhaneli power station on Global Energy Monitor Bursa coal mine on Global Energy Monitor Bursa Keles coal mine on Global Energy Monitor
Hasuni-Höhlen

Die Hasuni-Höhlen (türkisch Hasuni Mağaraları) sind eine Gruppe von 300 Wohnhöhlen in der Provinz Diyarbakır in der Südost-Türkei, die von der Mittelsteinzeit bis zum Mittelalter bewohnt waren. Beschreibung Die Höhlen liegen im Albatgebirge nahe dem Dorf Bahçe im Landkreis Silvan in der Provinz Diyarbakir. Sie waren von der Mittelsteinzeit bis in die Frühzeit des Christentums bewohnt, wobei die Hauptsiedlungeszeit in die Jungsteinzeit fällt. Die festungsartige Anlage besteht aus 300 Wohnhöhlen, die über Korridore verbunden sind, und zwei Kirchen. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte über Zisternen und Wasserkanäle in den Höhlen. Am höchsten Punkt befindet sich ein kleiner Platz, der über eine Treppe erreicht werden kann. Dieser diente vermutlich als Marktplatz oder Pilgerstätte. Außerdem verfügte die Anlage über ein kleines Amphitheater. Neben einer älteren Felsenkirche gibt es eine größere Kirche, die auf einer ebenen Fläche am Rande der Höhlenstadt liegt und zu den ältesten Kirchen Anatoliens zählt. Sie wurde von der frühen Ausbreitung des Christentums bis ins 13. Jahrhundert als Kirche genutzt. Alle Wände weisen Nischen auf, Reliefs zieren Türstürze und Fensterrahmen. Die Wände bestehen aus behauenem Stein und Ziegeln. Im Jahr 2019 wurden nahe der Höhlen zwei antike syrisch-aramäische Steintafeln gefunden. Laut Presseberichten handelt es sich bei den Inschriften um Epitaphen auf einem Grabstein eines Priesters. İrfan Yıldız von der Dicle Üniversitesi, der für die Untersuchung der Inschriften verantwortlich war, erklärte, dass in der Inschrift vermerkt sei, dass hier ein Priester namens Monoha begraben liege und dass jeder, der die Inschrift lese, für ihn beten sollte". Einzelnachweise
Hasuni Caves

The Hasuni Caves are a series of ancient caves in Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. They were inhabited from prehistoric times until the Middle Ages. Description The caves are located near the village of Bahçeköy, in the Silvan district of Diyarbakir Province. The caves have been inhabited from the Mesolithic period to the early years of Christianity. In 2019, two ancient epitaphs in Syriac-Aramaic script were found next to the caves. According to Syriac Press, "The inscriptions are in fact epitaphs on a gravestone of a priest called Monoha who was buried there". Dicle University's İrfan Yıldız, who was in charge investigating the inscriptions told Daily Sabah that the inscription "records that a priest called Monoha is buried here and that everyone who reads the inscription should pray for him”. Recent history Since 2013 the caves have been listed as a potential tourism project for development within Diyarbakir Province. The Diyarbakir tourism board currently promotes the area as a location for hiking and paragliding. According to HaberTurk, the Diyarbakır Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DTSO) has started to promote the area as a destination for tourism. DTSO Vice President Ercan Tayınlamak told HaberTurk that "The Hasuni Caves, located on the foothills of the Albat Mountain on the Malabadi highway in Silvan district, are located on one of the most dominant hills of the district. Remains belonging to the 13th century (AD) were found. It offers a full visual feast with the water tanks, bath, rock stairs, stone pavement paths, rock church and mini amphitheater next to the church." Tayınlamak also said that the DTSO has applied to UNESCO for World Heritage Status for the caves, which include "the Hasuni Kaya Church, which is thought to have been used from the early periods of Christianity until the 13th century, and it is noteworthy that there is a mini amphitheater and water tanks next to the church consisting of many rooms. While the roof part of the bath was demolished, the exact construction date of this bathhouse, which was built with cut stones, is unknown. The bath and its surroundings became a haunt of treasure hunters before restoration and conservation work." In February 2021, the DTSO organised a music concert in the caves. According to MedyaNews, "Klams (Kurdish folk songs) produced from the dengbej tradition were performed with santurs, violins and tambourines." DTSO's Deputy Chairman Ercan Avşar said that the concerts were intended to bring awareness and attention to the cultural heritage of Diyarbakir. References