NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Khok Wua

Khok Wua (Thai: คอกวัว, pronounced [kʰɔ̂ːk wūa̯]) is an intersection in Bangkok. It is a four-way crossroads of Ratchadamnoen (section middle Ratchadamnoen) and Tanao roads in area of Bowon Niwet and Talat Yot sub-districts, Phra Nakhon district within Rattanakosin Island. The term "Khok Wua" means "cattle stable," reflecting the area's function during the reign of King Nangklao (Rama III), when it served as pasture and grove land with Hindu cow stables that supplied milk for the King's morning alms to the monks at the nearby Grand Palace. Later, during the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), the stables were demolished, and the area became the residences of Muslims who emigrated from southern Thailand. Evidence of the earlier residents remains, including two mosques in nearby Bang Lamphu: Masjid Chakraphong and Masjid Ban Tuk Din. The area is also mentioned in Raden Landai (ระเด่นลันได), a satirical comic literature that humorously depicted the lives of Hindus who lived there at the time. The intersection on Ratchadamnoen Avenue, near Democracy Monument, has historically been a focal point for political gatherings in Thailand, including the October 14, 1973 incident, Black May (1992), People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) protests in 2006 and 2008, United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (UDD) protests in 2009 and 2010, and People's Democratic Reform Committee (PDRC) protests (2013–14). In the past, it was surrounded by many important buildings, such as the Government Lottery Office (GLO), the Public Relations Department, Sala Chaloem Thai Theater, Government Savings Bank Headquarters, and Thai Thorathat Company Headquarters (now MCOT). Today, there are many places of interest nearby, including the 14 October 1973 Memorial and the Bangkok City Library. References
Pratunam

Pratunam (Thai: ประตูน้ำ, pronounced [prātūːnáːm], also spelled as Pratu Nam), is an intersection and namesake neighbourhood in Thanon Phaya Thai sub-district of Ratchathewi district, Bangkok. The intersection is where Phetchaburi Road passes and where Ratchadamri and Ratchaprarop Roads originate. The next major intersection along Ratchaprarop Road is Makkasan. The name "Pratunam" means "water gate". Historically, there was a water gate located within the nearby Sa Pathum Palace, commonly referred to as "Pratunam Wang Sa Pathum" (ประตูน้ำวังสระปทุม) or "Pratunam Sa Pathum" (ประตูน้ำสระปทุม). This gate was built in 1905 by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) to help drain water from the Khlong Saen Saep canal, serving both agricultural needs and maintaining water levels for boats and rafts. Two other similar water gates were also constructed in Chachoengsao Province during the same period. In 1961, Pratunam was still a traditional market selling produce and other perishable goods. Over time, ready-made garment production began to develop, and more entrepreneurs gradually entered the trade. It eventually grew into a major clothing industry supplying retail goods to foreign customers as well as for export. As a result, Pratunam transformed into a hub for fashion retail and wholesale, which it remains today. Later on, a group of foreign investors, together with Thai businessmen such as M.R. Kukrit Pramoj and Lenglert Baiyoke, developed hotel and shopping center on the Ratchaprarop side under the names Indra Hotel and Indra The Arcade. Today, Pratunam is regarded as one of the largest centers for both wholesale and retail clothing in Bangkok and in Thailand as a whole. The area is home to numerous malls and markets, including Platinum Fashion Mall, Pratunam Market, CentralWorld, and Big C Supercenter (Rajdamri Branch). In addition to its commercial role, Pratunam is also a key transportation hub. It is located near two other major intersections, Ratchaprasong and Pathum Wan, and serves as a stop on the Khlong Saen Saep boat service via Pratunam Pier. The Pratunam overpass, which was Bangkok's first overpass, is scheduled to be demolished in March 2026 to make way for the construction of MRT Orange Line. It is expected to be rebuilt later the same year. References External links Pratunam from Wikivoyage
Sala Daeng

Sala Daeng (Thai: ศาลาแดง, pronounced [sǎːlāː dɛ̄ːŋ]) is the name of the intersection and neighbourhood at the beginning of Si Lom Road in Bangkok, Thailand. It is located within Pathum Wan District, next to its border with Bang Rak, where Si Lom meets Rama IV and Ratchadamri Roads. The Thai–Japan Flyover Bridge, constructed in 1992, passes over Sala Daeng intersection, as well as the westward Henri Dunant and Sam Yan intersections, along Rama IV Road. A small street, known as Sala Daeng Road, branches off Si Lom Road (near the intersection) and connects to the parallel Sathon Road. The intersection area is served by the Sala Daeng station of the BTS skytrain's Silom Line and the Si Lom station of the underground MRT's Blue Line, forming one of the systems' first interchanges and a gateway into the main business district of Si Lom Road, which begins here. On the corners of the intersection are Dusit Central Park (where the old Dusit Thani Hotel once stood), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Lumphini Park and Silom Edge. History In the nineteenth century, the area consisted of paddy fields far from the city centre. When the Paknam Railway was built around 1893, linking Bangkok to Samut Prakan, a station was built in the area, at what is now approximately in front of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. The station building was painted red, leading it to be called Sala Daeng, which means "red pavilion". The field thus became known after the station as Thung Sala Daeng (ทุ่งศาลาแดง lit. 'Sala Daeng field'). King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) later bought the land in the area and developed it as Lumphini Park. Subsequent development led to the area becoming part of Bangkok's busiest commercial centres, and Sala Daeng Intersection has been known as one of the busiest in the city. It was once used as a place of the Royal Ploughing Ceremony as well. References
Sala Daeng

Sala Daeng (thai: ศาลาแดง, uttal: [sǎːlāː dɛ̄ːŋ]), "Röda paviljongen", är en korsning och ett område i början av Thanon Silom (thai: สีลม), "väderkvarnsgatan", i Bangkok i Thailand. Den har sin bakgrund i en järnvägsstation byggd 1893. Under 1900-talet har området urbaniserats kraftigt, och korsningen har blivit en av de mest trafikerade i staden. Geografi och användning Den ligger i Pathum Wan-distriktet (thai: ปทุมวัน), där det gränsar mot Bangrakdistriktet (thai: บางรัก) och Silom korsar Rama IV (thai: ถนนพระรามที่ 4) och Ratchadamri (thai: ถนนราชดำริ). Den thailändsk-japanska vänskapsbron som restes 1992 går över Sala Daeng-korsningen. En mindre tvärgata som heter Thanon Sala Daeng, "Sala Daeng-gatan", binder samman Silom med den parallella gatan Sathon (thai: ถนนสาทร). Korsningen härbärgerar högbanan BTS Skytrains Sala Daeng-station på den mörkgröna Silomlinjen och MRT:s tunnelbanestation Silom på den blå linjen, vilket gör korsningen till en av de två lokaltrafiksystemens tre knutpunkter. Det är även här Siloms affärsdistrikt börjar. I korsningens ytterkanter ligger Lumphini Park och King Chulalongkorns Memorial Hospital. Historik När Thailands första järnväg, Paknam Railway, cirka 1893 byggde en station på platsen var området bara risfält långt från stadskärnan. Där stationen byggdes ligger idag BTS-stationen Sala Daeng, ungefär mitt framför King Chulalongkorns Memorial Hospital. Stationen målades röd vilket gav den namnet Sala Daeng, "Röda paviljongen". Fälten i området namngavs efter stationen och fick heta Thung Sala Daeng(thai: ทุ่งศาลาแดง), "Röda fälten". 1925 avsatte kung Vajiravudh (Rama VI) 140 tunnland för att omvandla Sala Daeng till Lumphini Park. Efterföljande markexploatering ledde till att området blev Bangkoks mest attraktiva affärsområde, där Sala Daeng-korsningen är en av stadens mest trafikerade. Referenser
Bangkok Metropolitan Administration General Hospital

Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) General Hospital, commonly known as Klang Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลกลาง, lit. 'Central Hospital') is a public tertiary hospital in Thailand located on corner of the Luang and Suea Pa Roads, Pom Prap Subdistrict, Pom Prap Sattru Phai District, Bangkok. Klang Hospital is a public hospital operated by the Medical Service Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA), and is regarded as one of the oldest hospitals in Thailand. It is an affiliated hospital of the School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University and the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. History The hospital was established in 1898 with the royal permission of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) for the aim of providing of services for large number prostitutes in this area (Chinatown and Phlapphla Chai) in order to prevent the spread of epidemics. The following year, the building was assigned to the Royal Thai Police, and became the Patrol Hospital. During this time, it provided medical services to police officers and conducted autopsies from various cases. At the same time, 36 beds were added for the treatment of prostitutes, following its initial intended purpose. In 1915, the hospital was reassigned to the Medical Services Division of the Ministry of Interior. Eventually, operations were transferred to the BMA. On 13 June 2012, the Medical Services Department of the BMA signed an agreement to train medical students of the School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University at the hospital under the Collaborative Project to Increase Rural Doctor (CPIRD) Program. Along with Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital in Bang Kho Laem District, both hospitals form the Medical Education Center of the Medical Services Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (MEC MSD BMA). See also Health in Thailand Healthcare in Thailand Hospitals in Thailand References This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Thai Wikipedia. External links Official website
Thammasat University Hospital

Thammasat University Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลธรรมศาสตร์เฉลิมพระเกียรติ; RTGS: Rong Phayaban Thammasat Chaloem Phra Kiat) is a public hospital subsidiary to the Office of the Rector, Thammasat University, Ministry of Education. It is located in the Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand. The construction of the hospital complex began in 1986 and King Bhumibol Adulyadej presided over the ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the main building on 3 November of that year. The hospital commenced its operation on 5 December 1987, on which the king turned 60 years of age. However, the hospital was formally opened on 29 March 1988. On 19 March 1990, a royal decree was issued to establish a Faculty of Medicine in Thammasat University and the royal decree took effect as from the following day. On 10 April 1990, the hospital formally became a subsidiary of the Faculty of Medicine. On 19 February 2003, the hospital was transferred to the Office of the Rector. Apart from providing medical services to the general public, the hospital serves as a teaching hospital for the Faculty of Allied Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Nursing and Faculty of Public Health. At present, it provides every type of medical services, receives at least 1,500 outpatients a day and has 844 beds for inpatients. The current director of the hospital is Associate Professor Chittinad Havanond (จิตตินัดด์ หะวานนท์) who has taken the office since 2014. References
Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital

Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลภูมิพลอดุลยเดช) is a hospital located in Sai Mai District, Bangkok, Thailand. It is a military hospital operated by the Directorate of Medical Services, The Royal Thai Air Force particularly for personnel of the Royal Thai Air Force, but also for the general public. It is a teaching hospital for Royal Thai Air Force Nursing College, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine as well as some clinical year (year 4-6) students of the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, under the agreement between the Faculty of Medicine and the Directorate of Medical Services. Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital has been served by the BTS Sukhumvit Line at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital BTS Station since 16 December 2020. History Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital was opened on 27 March 1949, named in honour of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. It initially had a capacity of 88 beds, and gradually expanded to have a building for each medical specialty, such as radiology, otorhinolaryngology and including separate internal medicine and surgery buildings for male and female patients. See also Healthcare in Thailand Hospitals in Thailand List of hospitals in Thailand References This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Thai Wikipedia
Banphaeo General Hospital

Banphaeo General Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลบ้านแพ้ว), is a hospital located in Ban Phaeo district, Samut Sakhon province, Thailand. It is operated as a public organisation under oversight of the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and is the only hospital in Thailand be run in this manner. It is also an affiliated teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. History Initially, Banphaeo Hospital opened as a community hospital in 1965 operated by the MOPH with a capacity of 10 beds and was eventually expanded to 30 beds. The idea of creating public organisations to improve the efficiency of the relatively backward governmental department management system emerged after the 1997 Asian financial crisis. After the enactment of the 8th National Social and Economic Development Plan devised by prime minister Chavalit Yongchayudh's cabinet, the MOPH reached out to the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to help revolutionize the operations of hospitals in the country and it was suggested that hospitals should be converted into public organisations to allow greater freedom of management as opposed to the traditional top-down approach. In 1998, a research project partly funded by the ADB encouraged a shift of hospital operations towards public organisations, coining the term "autonomous hospitals" to avoid being considered as corporations. During this time, the Public Organisations Act of 1999 allowed the establishment of public organisations by the government to fulfill this aim. Seven hospitals were listed by the MOPH to be potential candidates for this shift: Hatyai Hospital Khon Kaen Hospital Saraburi Hospital Yala Hospital Nakornping Hospital Satun Hospital Banphaeo Hospital Out of the seven hospitals, Banphaeo was considered the most prepared in terms of local community support and willingness to change. Banphaeo General Hospital became a public organisation on 1 October 2000 and remains the only hospital in Thailand under the MOPH to be operated in this way. It has since expanded to a capacity of 323 beds and also operates a number of smaller clinics in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. See also Healthcare in Thailand Hospitals in Thailand List of hospitals in Thailand References
Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital

Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลมหาราชนครราชสีมา) is the main hospital of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand and is classified under the Ministry of Public Health as a regional hospital. It is the largest regional hospital in Thailand under the responsibility of the ministry and has 1,478 beds. It has a CPIRD Medical Education Center which mainly trains medical students in the MOPH-Mahidol CPIRD Program of Mahidol University, as well as being an affiliated hospital to the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine. History Following the setup of sukhaphiban in Nakhon Ratchasima Province under the reign of King Chulalongkorn, two hospitals were built in the local area: Sukhaphiban 1 Hospital treating general patients at Pho Klang Subdistrict Sukhaphiban 2 Hospital treating patients with infectious diseases at Suan Mon Subdistrict Sukhaphiban 1 Hospital was then merged into Sukhaphiban 2 Hospital and renamed 'Suan Mon Hospital'. On 1 February 1935, Suan Mon Hospital was transferred from the responsibility of Sukhaphiban Hospitals Organisation to Nakhon Ratchasima City Municipality and the hospital was renamed 'Nakhon Ratchasima City Municipality Hospital'. On 1 September 1954, operations were transferred to the Ministry of Public Health and renamed 'Nakhon Ratchasima City Hospital', and was categorised as a provincial hospital. In 1974, the hospital was re-categorised as a regional hospital. On 5 September 1981, the hospital was renamed by the Ministry of Public Health as 'Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital' in honour of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. See also Healthcare in Thailand Hospitals in Thailand List of hospitals in Thailand References Article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Thai Wikipedia
Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital

Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลมหาราชนครเชียงใหม่) is a university teaching hospital, affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine of Chiang Mai University, located in Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai Province. It is a hospital capable of super tertiary care and is the first university hospital in Northern Thailand, and the first to be located outside Bangkok. The hospital is known as 'Suandok Hospital' locally, due to its close proximity to Suan Dok Gate. History In 1939, a new hospital was planned to be built near Suan Dok Gate, in order to increase provision of healthcare in Chiang Mai and spread patients to other facilities as the original 'Chiang Mai Hospital' had a capacity of only 11 beds and was unsuitable for expansion. As construction was completed in 1941, there was a lack of medical personnel available, so operations were transferred from Chiang Mai City Municipality to the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and the hospital was opened on 24 June 1941 as 'Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital'. The hospital then underwent extensive expansion using financial aid from donations of local citizens and businesses, including aid from the United States government under the presidency of Harry S. Truman, as well as aid from the World Health Organisation. The funding contributed to the construction of X-ray imaging facilities, operating theaters and the pediatric ward of the hospital. As a university hospital, it is generally regarded as one of the final referral centers for complicated and rare diseases from all hospitals, especially within Northern Thailand. The first regional medical school was then approved by the cabinet in 1956 and set up by the University of Medical Sciences (now Mahidol University) as the Faculty of Medicine Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital and teaching was done at the hospital. On 1 January 1959, operations were transferred from the MOPH to the University of Medical Sciences. Chiang Mai University was then founded in 1964 by royal decree and operations were transferred to Chiang Mai University. On 25 July 1983, the hospital was renamed 'Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital', in honour of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. On 28 March 2025 the hospital was damaged during the 2025 Myanmar earthquake. See also Healthcare in Thailand Hospitals in Thailand List of hospitals in Thailand References Article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Thai Wikipedia.
Rajavithi Hospital

Rajavithi Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลราชวิถี) is large public hospital located in Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, Thailand. It was founded in 1951 as the Women's Hospital, and is operated by the Ministry of Public Health's Department of Medical Services. With an inpatient capacity of 1,200 beds, it is one of the largest hospitals in Thailand. It serves as a teaching hospital for the College of Medicine, Rangsit University. History Rajavithi Hospital was founded as the Women's Hospital under the premiership of Plaek Phibunsongkhram, as part of his policy to establish large medical centres in Bangkok. Construction began in 1947, undertaken by the Department of Civil Engineering. The original buildings, designed in modified International Style, included an administration and outpatient building, a surgery and labour building, two patient wards, and staff residences. The hospital was officially opened on 16 April 1951, becoming the country's first specialized hospital for women's health. One of the hospital's pioneers was Dr Sem Pringpuangkeo, who was director from 1951 to 1963 and in 1956 oversaw the successful separation of conjoined twins Wandee and Sriwan, the first such case in Thai history. He also founded the next-door Children's Hospital, in 1954. The hospital gradually diversified its patient services, adding surgery, internal medicine, and otolaryngology departments. But obstetrics for a long time remained the hospital's core service, seeing as many as 30,000 births yearly during 1960–1964. In 1976, the hospital changed its policies to provide general healthcare as well and was renamed Rajavithi Hospital, a name conferred upon by King Bhumibol Adulyadej. In 1988, the hospital opened its heart centre and was the first in Asia to successfully operate a heart transplant using the 'Domino' procedure. Rajavithi Hospital started providing medical education for students of the College of Medicine, Rangsit University since 1 June 1992. Students in this group also study at the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health as a teaching hospital. Services Rajavithi Hospital serves as the Department of Medical Services' largest tertiary referral centre, and is a major organ transplant facility. It also operates a large trauma unit, and its Narenthorn EMS Center, established in 1995, was the country's first emergency medical service provider. The hospital has about 250 medical doctors on staff, has 1,200 inpatient beds, and treats up to 1 million outpatients annually. See also Health in Thailand Hospitals in Thailand List of hospitals in Thailand References This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Thai Wikipedia External links Official website
Songklanagarind Hospital

Songklanagarind Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลสงขลานครินทร์) is a university teaching hospital, affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine of Prince of Songkla University, located in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province. It is a hospital capable of super tertiary care and is the first university hospital in Southern Thailand. History On 26 August 1976, King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit laid the foundation for the construction of the faculty's main teaching hospital, which was to be constructed for the following purposes: Use as a clinical training hospital for doctors, nurses and healthcare personnel Provide medical care, both prevention and cure to citizens in Southern Thailand Provide special equipment for patient diagnosis in the hospital and nearby hospitals Use as a research center to improve the healthcare in Southern Thailand Ten years later on 18 September 1986, the King and Princess Sirindhorn opened the hospital and named it 'Songklanagarind' Hospital. Songklanagarind Hospital has become the main teaching hospital since then. The current hospital director is Assoc. Prof. Rueangsak Leethanaporn, M.D. As a university hospital, it is generally regarded as one of the final referral centers for complicated and rare diseases from all hospitals, especially within Southern Thailand. Facilities The hospital has selected medical specialities in which the hospital has the professional staff capable of providing excellent service in that field. Six medical centers have been established so citizens in the South do not have to go to other institutions for receive the treatment. These are the following: Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Heart Center Nanthana-Kriangkrai Chotiwattanaphan (NKC) Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cancer Center Trauma Center Medical Information Center Palliative Care Unit See also Healthcare in Thailand Hospitals in Thailand List of hospitals in Thailand References Article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Thai Wikipedia