NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Lam Takhong Dam

The Lam Takhong Dam (Thai: เขื่อนลำตะคอง, RTGS: Khuean Lam Takhong, pronounced [kʰɯ̀a̯n lām tā.kʰɔ̄ːŋ]) is an embankment dam on the Lam Takhong River between Pak Chong District and Sikhio District in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The dam was originally constructed in 1974 for the purposes of irrigation and water supply but after 2002, its water storage also serves as the lower reservoir for the Lam Takhong pumped storage power plant, Thailand's first power plant of that type. Background Construction on the Lam Takhong Dam began in 1969 and was completed in 1974, while the pumped storage project was initially proposed in 1975. From 1989 to 1991, the Japan International Cooperation Agency funded a feasibility study. Khon Kaen University conducted an environmental impact assessment beginning in 1991 and by 1994, the project was approved for construction. The project was to be constructed in two 500 MW phases. The first phase began in December 1995 and was completed in 2001, with the first two 250 MW generators operational in August 2002. After the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Phase 2 never began. The power plant and its components were constructed underground to preserve the nature and scenery of the area. During construction, various complaints were raised about the blasting of the upper reservoir. The dust from blasting reportedly had negative effects on locals and their farms. Design and operation The Lam Takhong Dam is a 251 m (823 ft) long and 40.3 m (132 ft) high earth-fill embankment dam. It creates a reservoir with a capacity of 310,000,000 m3 (251,321 acre⋅ft). The upper reservoir 17°14′31″N 99°00′58″E is located 6.8 km (4 mi) southwest of the main dam on top of a hill. The upper reservoir is created by an asphalt lining 2,170 m (7,119 ft) long and 50 m (164 ft) high. It has a capacity of 10,300,000 m3 (8,350 acre⋅ft) and surface area of 0.34 km2 (0.13 sq mi). The power station is a pumped-storage type and contains two 250 MW reversible pump-generators. Water is a first pumped to the upper reservoir and then during peak-demand hours, it is sent back down to the power station for power production. This process repeats itself. The power station is connected to the upper reservoir via two 650 m (2,133 ft) long, 6 m (20 ft) diameter penstocks. Water returning from the power station does so via two 1,430 m (4,692 ft) long, 6.8 m (22 ft) diameter tailrace tunnels. In September 2014, EGAT awarded a US$64.3 million contract to Voith Hydro to supply electromechanical equipment for the expansion of the facility. The expansion will more than double Lam Takhong's current output capacity. When complete, total capacity of the pumped storage plant will be 1,000 MW—500 MW from two units installed in Phase 1 and 500 MW from two units installed in Phase 2. The expansion is expected to be completed in 2018. See also List of power stations in Thailand Mekong River Commission References
ГАЕС Лам-Тахонг

ГАЕС Lam Ta Khong — гідроакумулювальна електростанція у центральній частині Таїланду. З 1969 року річку Lam Ta Khong (верхня течія Ta Khong, лівої притоки Мун, котра в свою чергу є правою притокою Меконгу) перекрили земляною греблею висотою 40 метрів та довжиною 527 метрів, яка потребувала 853 тис. м3 матеріалу. Вона утворила водосховище з об'ємом 310 млн м3 (корисний об'єм 290 млн м3), призначенням якого було забезпечення землеробства на 52 тисячах гектарів земель (в сухий сезон площа зрошення становить 8 тисяч гектарів). А у кінці 1990-х почали реалізацію проекту гідроакумулювальної станції, котра б використовувала зазначене сховище як нижній резервуар. Верхній резервуар спорудили на висотах правого берегу Lam Ta Khong, оточивши його кам'яно-накидною дамбою з асфальтовим облицюванням висотою 50 метрів та довжиною 2170 метрів, яка потребувала 5,4 млн м3 матеріалу. Вона створює водойму з об'ємом 9,9 млн м3 (корисний об'єм 9,6 млн м3), в якій припустиме коливання рівня поверхні у операційному режимі між позначками 620 та 660 метрів НРМ. Через два напірні водоводи довжиною 0,65 км верхній резервуар з'єднаний з машинним залом, спорудженим у підземному виконанні. Останній має розміри 175х25 метрів при висоті 49 метрів, а до нижньої водойми звідси ведуть два тунелі довжиною по 1,35 км. Станція одразу розраховувалась на чотири гідроагрегати, проте спершу в 2002-му ввели в експлуатацію два з оборотними турбінами типу Френсіс потужністю по 260 МВт (номінальна потужність черги 500 МВт). Враховуючи, що в нижньому резервуарі коливання поверхні відбувається між позначками 261 та 277 метрів НРМ, станція працює з номінальним напором у 360 метрів. Проектний виробіток першої черги становить 0,5 млрд кВт-год електроенергії на рік. У другій половині 2010-х років почали роботи над другою чергою, запуск якої запланований на 2018 рік. Зв'язок з енергосистемою забезпечується ЛЕП, розрахованою на роботу під напругою 230 кВ. Примітки
Lanna International School

Lanna International School Thailand (Thai: โรงเรียนนานาชาติลานนา, RTGS: Rong Rian Nana Chat Lanna) is a British international school in Chiang Mai, Thailand. LANNA was founded in 1993 to provide a British curriculum-based education. LANNA is licensed by the Thai Ministry of Education and has been fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) since 2002. LANNA's 800+ students in Pre-Nursery through Year 13 represent over thirty nationalities. LANNA is a member of the East Asia Regional Council of Overseas Schools (EARCOS). In 2005 LANNA also gained the status of becoming a Cambridge University International Examination Centre. In addition, LANNA is accredited by the International Students Admissions Test (ISAT), ONESOA, and since 2024, is the only British School in Northern Thailand to hold membership with the Federation of British International Schools in Asia (FOBISIA). LANNA offers its students the opportunity to gain an American High School Certificate, but also British qualifications in the form of Cambridge and/or Edexcel Pearson IGCSEs and Cambridge International AS and A levels. LANNA students also take part in extra curricular activities including community service, arts (visual arts, drama, music, school orchestra, school productions, debating), student-led groups, the International Award (akin to Duke of Edinburgh). References
Wat Hua Lamphong

Wat Hua Lamphong (Thai: วัดหัวลำโพง) ist eine buddhistische Tempelanlage (Wat) im Bezirk Bang Rak (Khwaeng Si Phraya – สี่พระยา) in Bangkok. Wat Hua Lamphong ist ein Königlicher Tempel Dritter Klasse. Wat Hua Lamphong hieß ursprünglich Wat Wua Lamphong, sein Name stammt von einem Kanal (Khlong) mit gleichem Namen, der acht Kilometer lang, ausgehend vom südlichen Teil des Khlong Padung Krung Kasem in östlicher Richtung verlief. Entlang des Kanals verlief ein Trampelpfad mit Namen Wua Lamphong Road. Heute ist aus der Wua Lamphong Road eine der verkehrsreichsten Straßen Bangkoks geworden: die Rama-IV.-Straße (Thanon Phra Ram 4). Wat Hua Lamphong liegt südlich der Rama-IV.-Straße neben dem Chula-High-Tech-Square zwischen den Kreuzungen mit den Straßen Phaya Thai und Si Phraya. Die Haltestelle Sam Yan der Bangkok Metro liegt direkt vor dem Eingang des Tempels. Bemerkenswert ist der Ubosot des Tempels, der auf einem einstöckigen Unterbau steht. Eine große Freitreppe führt vom Eingang des Tempels direkt in das Heiligtum. Weblinks Homepage des Tempels (in Thai)
Wat Hua Lamphong

Wat Hua Lamphong (Thai: วัดหัวลำโพง, pronounced [wát hǔa.lām.pʰōːŋ]) is a Royal Buddhist temple, third class, in the Bang Rak District of Bangkok, Thailand. It is located on Rama IV Road, with Si Lom Road and Suriwong Road in Bangkok's modern business district to the southeast, and Si Phraya Road to the northwest. It is a block from The Montien hotel, and approximately 1 km from the city's main Hua Lamphong railway station. An entrance to Sam Yan Station on the Bangkok metro is located outside the main entrance to the temple compound on Rama IV road. History Wat Hua Lamphong was renovated to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the ascension to the throne of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) in 1996. The royal seal of what became known as the Kanchanapisek, or Golden Jubilee, year, showing two elephants flanking a multi-tiered umbrella, features extensively in the temple's remodelling. Style and Layout Inside the temple compound, the ubosot and viharn are unusual in being raised on a one-story high platform, accessed by a wide staircase. The platform also supports the temple's chedi. The compound in front of and below the ubosot platform is home to a number of shrines dedicated to important Thai Buddhist figures, including King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), and the Hindu god Ganesha. The temple compound also contains a crematorium, and living quarters for monks. See also List of Buddhist temples in Thailand References External links Photos of Wat Hua Lamphong at Thailand-pictures.com
Wat Hua Lamphong

Wat Hua Lamphong (thaï : วัดหัวลำโพง), surnommé le temple du cercueil, est un temple royal bouddhiste de troisième classe, dans le district de Bang Rak de Bangkok, en Thaïlande. Il est situé sur la route Rama IV, entre la route Si Lom et la route Suriwong à Bangkok, dans le quartier d’affaires modernes de Bangkok au sud-est, et au nord-ouest de la route Si Phraya. Il se trouve à un pâté de maisons de l’hôtel The Montien et à environ 1 km de la gare principale de Hua Lamphong. Une entrée de la station Sam Yan du métro de Bangkok est située à l’extérieur de l’entrée principale de l’enceinte du temple sur la route Rama IV. Histoire Ce temple date de l'époque du règne de Rama IV, au 19e siècle. Wat Hua Lamphong a été rénové pour célébrer le 50e anniversaire de l’accession au trône du roi Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) en 1996. Le sceau royal de ce qui est devenu connu sous le nom de Kanchanapisek, ou jubilé d’or, montre deux éléphants entourés de parapluie à plusieurs niveaux, contribue largement au remodelage du temple. Style et sisposition À l’intérieur de l’enceinte du temple, l’ubosot et le vihara sont inhabituellement élevés sur une plate-forme haute d’un étage, accessible par un large escalier. La plate-forme soutient également le chedi du temple. Le complexe situé devant et sous la plate-forme de l’ubosot abrite de nombreux sanctuaires consacrés à d’importantes figures bouddhistes thaïlandaises, dont le roi Chulalongkorn (Rama V) et le dieu hindou Ganesha. Le complexe du temple contient également un crématoire, et des quartiers d’habitation pour les moines. Voir aussi Liste des temples buddhistes en Thaïlande Références Liens externes Photos of Wat Hua Lamphong at Thailand-pictures.com Portail du bouddhisme Portail de la Thaïlande
Wat Hua Lamphong

Wat Hua Lamphong (Thai: วัด หัวลำโพง) is een koninklijke boeddhistische tempel (wat) in de derde klasse, gelegen in het district Bang Rak in Bangkok, Thailand. Het is gelegen aan Rama IV Road. Een ingang van Sam Yan Station van de Bangkok Metro ligt buiten de hoofdingang van het tempelcomplex op Rama IV Road. Binnen in het tempelcomplex zijn de ubosot en de vihara gelegen op een hoog platform, die toegankelijk is via een trap. Het platform ondersteunt ook de stoepa van de tempel. De verbinding aan de voorkant en onder het ubosot-platform is de thuisbasis van een aantal schrijnen gewijd aan de belangrijke Thaise boeddhistische figuren, waaronder koning Chulalongkorn (Rama V) en de hindoe-god Ganesha. Het tempelcomplex bevat ook een crematorium en een woonruimte voor monniken. Zie ook Lijst van boeddhistische tempels in Thailand
Хуа Лампхонг

Храм Хуалампхонг (тайск. วัดหัวลำโพง) — буддийский храм в районе Банграк, Бангкок, Таиланд. Находится возле станции метро Самъян на синей линии. История Точных данных о строительстве храма нет, но считается что он был построен в ранний период Раттанакосин, о чем свидетельствуют некоторые его постройки, в частности первоначальная чеди. Храм был построен коммуной переселенцев, которые потеряли свои дома в ходе разрушения Аютии в 1767 году. Первоначально храм назывался Ват Вуалампхонг (тайск. วัดวัวลำพอง). Считается, что в 1904 году тайских монарх Чулалонгкорн (Рама V) посетил храм и переименовал его в Ват Хуалампхонг (тайск. วัดหัวลำโพง). 18 июля 2002 года король Пхумипон Адульядет (Рама IX) даровал храму статус королевского храма третьей степени. Стиль и архитектура Внутри храма Убосот соединяется с Вихарой высокой платформой, на которую можно подняться по высокой лестнице. Платформа также поддерживает чеди храма. Передняя и задняя часть Убосота очень широка и украшена буддийскими статуями, в том числе статуями Рамы IX и Ганеши. В храме также находится крематорий и жилые помещения для монахов. При храме расположена одноименная школа. См. также Патхум Ванарам Ратчабофит Интхаравихан Примечания
Chakraphong Mosque

Chakraphong Mosque (Thai: มัสยิดจักรพงษ์) is a historic mosque in Bangkok. It is considered the oldest mosque located in the inner city area, or Rattanakosin Island near the Grand Palace and royal field Sanam Luang. This mosque dating back to the King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I)'s reign during the early Rattanakosin period. It was built by war captives brought back to Bangkok from Pattani after the autonomous Muslim sultanate in the south was subjugated by an army commanded by the younger brother of the King, Somdet Phra Bawornrajchao Maha Sura Singhanat. His Majesty the King allowed the Pattani Muslims to build houses and a mosque within the city walls, granting them land in Ban Tuek Din (along present-day Ratchadamnoen avenue near the Democracy Monument and Satriwitthaya School) and in Bang Lamphu (near Chakraphong road). Later, during King Nangklao (Rama III)'s reign, descendants of some of these people settled down along the banks of Khlong Maha Nak canal (now is Maha Nak Mosque in Bobae area). In addition, these captives were also goldsmiths serving in the royal court of the King Phutthayotfa Chulalok. They were adept at making the decorative objects and other regalia needed for royal ceremonies. Originally, it was named "Surao Tong Pu" (สุเหร่าตองปุ) according to the names of nearby wat (Thai temple), Wat Tong Pu (later Wat Chana Songkhram). It was renamed Chakraphong Mosque according to the name of the road where its location, Chakraphong road (or spelled Chakrabongse), the short road named in honour of Prince Chakrabongse, who was one of the sons of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). Formerly, the building was entirely wooden. And renovated into a three-story yellow concrete building today. See also Islam in Thailand List of mosques in Thailand References
Lat Phrao Intersection

Lat Phrao Intersection (Thai: ห้าแยกลาดพร้าว, RTGS: Ha Yaek Lat Phrao pronounced [hâː jɛ̂ːk lâːt pʰráːw], ha yaek meaning 'five-way junction') is a major road junction in Chatuchak District of the Thai capital Bangkok. It is where Phahonyothin and Vibhavadi Rangsit roads—the city's two main northward highways—cross each other, and is also the beginning of Lat Phrao Road, which leads eastward through its highly populated suburbs. The junction carries the second-highest amount of road traffic in the city. As a five-way junction with multiple flyovers, some directions of traffic must follow complicated routes through the junction. The elevated Don Mueang Tollway runs above the flyovers carrying Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, and the northward extension of the BTS Skytrain's Sukhumvit Line, opened in 2019, soars above as a third level of elevated infrastructure. The BTS's Ha Yaek Lat Phrao station serves the area, as does the Phahon Yothin station of the underground MRT Blue Line. The neighbourhood around the intersection is home to numerous shops, retail centres and commercial offices. With the opening of the BTS extension, numerous condominium towers have also risen in the area. Directly west of the intersection lies the extensive green spaces of the coterminous Chatuchak, Wachirabenchathat and Queen Sirikit parks, the largest in the city. The CentralPlaza Lardprao and Union Mall shopping malls occupy the junction's northern and eastern corners, while many office towers are located in its southern corner. In January 2014, the political protest group the People's Democratic Reform Committee occupied the intersection for anti-government protests in the course of the 2013–2014 Thai political crisis. In May 2018, the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration began cracking down on street vendors around the intersection in an effort of urban tidying. References
Seacon Square

Seacon Square is a large indoor shopping mall in Prawet, Bangkok. It was opened in 1994 in a ceremony presided over by Princess Sirindhorn. The shopping center has a gross leasable area of 180,000 m2 (1,900,000 sq ft), a total area of 500,000 m2 (5,400,000 sq ft) and houses more than 300 stores. The building is 500 metres long, making it one of the largest shopping malls in Thailand. It opens daily at 10:00am. It was served by Suan Luang Rama IX MRT station on the MRT Yellow Line since 2023. Facilities The mall has a five-story parking garage in addition to an underground parking lot. Bombing attempt Seacon Square was a target in the 2006 Bangkok bombings on December 31, 2006. A bomb was found in a trash can near a gold shop on the mall's ground floor. The bomb was removed to the Basement 2 parking lot where it exploded without causing injuries. See also List of shopping malls in Bangkok List of shopping malls in Thailand References External links Official website
Tha Phra Chan

Tha Phra Chan (Thai: ท่าพระจันทร์, pronounced [tʰâː pʰráʔ t͡ɕān]) is a pier on Rattanakosin Island, Bangkok, on the east bank of the Chao Phraya River, in Phra Nakhon District. The pier is beside Thammasat University's campus of the same name. Tha Phra Chan literally means 'moon pier' (tha, 'pier' or 'jetty', phra chan, 'moon'). More broadly, the name also refers to the area around the pier and the university. The area is also known as a marketplace for Thai amulets and astrologers. It is also full of shops, book stores, restaurants, and food stalls. Tha Phra Chan today used to be the palace of Prince Prachaksinlapakhom (founder of Udon Thani Province) who dedicated the land to the privy purse. Later the area was rented by a ferry company. Its name is derived from Fort Phra Chan (ป้อมพระจันทร์), one of 14 fortifications around the Grand Palace dating to the early Rattanakosin period. These forts and moats were built to protect Bangkok (or Rattanakosin in those days), given their proximity to the Grand Palace and the Chao Phraya River. As time went on, the forts were demolished, but with their names still used for the streets and places around Rattanakosin Island. For Fort Phra Chan, in addition to being the name of the quarter, there is small road in form of soi Phra Chan Road (ถนนพระจันทร์). This road is one of the oldest in Bangkok. On the north side of the road is the wall of the Front Palace, now a wall of Thammasat University, and on the other side is Wat Mahathat Yuwaratrangsarit. The road is sheltered by big Burma padauk trees. Phra Chan Road used to be longer. Currently, the missing section is the walkway in the middle of Sanam Luang. Tha Phra Chan is busy during the day, as its Wang Lang Pier ferries commuters between the Phra Nakhon side (Bangkok) to the Thonburi side (Chao Phraya River west bank). On the opposite side of Tha Phra Chan are found Siriraj Hospital, Wat Rakhang, and the Thon Buri railway station, colloquially known as Bangkok Noi railway station, which is the origin of the Southern Line, including the Kanchanaburi Line, the Death Railway. References
Bangkok Port

Bangkok Port (Thai: ท่าเรือกรุงเทพ) (BKP), popularly known as Khlong Toei Port (ท่าเรือคลองเตย), is an international port on the Chao Phraya River in Khlong Toei District of the Thai capital city, Bangkok. It is operated by the Port Authority of Thailand. Until recently, Bangkok Port was one of the world's 100 busiest container ports. The port also offers a conventional quay for loading and unloading cargo. The maximal ship length is 172 m (564 ft) and the draft 8.2 m (27 ft) for the container ships. History After the Siamese revolution in 1932, instead of transferring cargo from ship to ship moored in the harbour bays of Ko Sichang and Bangkok, the government wanted to build a port. In 1934 they contacted the League of Nations headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland to advise on the construction of a modern harbour. There were two proposals for the location, the Khlong Toei District and Samut Prakan. Decision was made for the Khlong Toei District. A royal decree expropriated land for the construction of a port in Bangkok on 6 August 1935. Initially, this included almost all of the Yan Nawa District and was part of Bang Kho Laem District. Construction of the port and dredging of the Chao Phraya River started in 1938. Construction was interrupted due to World War II in 1940. At the end of the war, in 1945 the pier was only 1,500 m (4,920 ft) long and work on the construction of the port resumed with a loan from the World Bank. The first phase of the port was completed in 1947 and opened for the first time. Expanding of the port started, with also dredging of the navigator channels from the mouth of the Chao Phraya River in Samut Prakan Province to the Bangkok Port, a total distance of 66 km (41 mi). 1947–1991 The Bangkok Port area is on the east side of the Chao Phraya River in Khlong Toei District occupying over 900 acres (3.6 km2). It was Thailand's main international port, primarily a cargo port, though its inland location limits access to ships of 12,000 deadweight tonnes or less and not longer than 172 m (564 ft). The port boomed during the 1950s. To meet growing traffic, Kloeng Toey Port saw massive expansion in the early 1980s. It handled 98 percent of Thailand's imports, 60 percent of outgoing goods, and 40 percent of coastal traffic. Despite attempts to improve port infrastructure, the port remained inadequate. 1991–present Thus the Port of Laem Chabang was built, reducing Bangkok Port's tonnage. Although the port's flow of imports has gone down by 40 percent, post-1995 export cargo volume has remained at a satisfactory level. The port handled 11,936,855 tonnes (13,158,130 tons) of cargo in the first eight months of the 2010 fiscal year, about 22 percent the total of the country's international ports. Bangkok Port had 3,067 vessel calls in FY2016. Cargo tonnage was 21 million. Cargo volume totalled 1.5 million TEUs. Bangkok Port was one of the world's busiest container ports, but is no longer on the Lloyd's list "One Hundred Container Ports 2019". Specifications of Bangkok Port References External links Official website
Puerto de Bangkok

El Puerto de Bangkok​ (en tailandés: ท่าเรือกรุงเทพ) popularmente conocido como Puerto de Khlong Toei (ท่าเรือ คลองเตย), es un puerto internacional situado en el río Chao Phraya, en el distrito Khlong Toei de la ciudad de Bangkok, la capital de Tailandia. Es operado por la Autoridad Portuaria de Tailandia. Fue el principal puerto internacional de Tailandia desde su apertura en 1947 hasta que fue sustituido por el de aguas profundas Laem Chabang en 1991. Se trata principalmente de un puerto de carga, aunque sus límites permiten acceder a los buques de 12.000 toneladas de peso muerto o menos. El puerto movilizó 11.936.855 toneladas (13.158.130 toneladas) de carga en los primeros ocho meses del año fiscal 2010, cerca del 22 por ciento del total en los puertos internacionales del país. Véase también Puerto Transporte naval Referencias