NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Districtul Ko Chang

Ko Chang (în thailandeză เกาะช้าง) este un district (Amphoe) din provincia Trat, Thailanda, cu o populație de 5.356 de locuitori și o suprafață de 217 km². Componență Insula cuprinde un district (amphoe), format la 30 aprilie 1994,când a fost despărțit din Districtul Laem Ngop, inițial fiind clasificat ca district minor (king amphoe). Districtul conține următoarele nouă sate (muban): Ban Salak Phet Ban Salak Phet Nuea Ban Salak Khok Ban Chek Bae Ban Dan Mai Bang Bao Ban Khlong Son Ban Khlong Phrao Ban Khlong Nonsi Referințe
Wat Sri Sawai

Der Wat Sri Sawai (thailändisch วัดศรีสวาย) ist eine buddhistische Tempelanlage (Wat) im Geschichtspark Sukhothai in der Provinz Sukhothai. Der spätere König Vajiravudh (Rama VI.) fand auf seinen Reisen als Kronprinz im Jahr 1907 hier eine hinduistische Figur des Shiva (Sayomphu). Lage Wat Sri Sawai liegt etwa 300 Meter südwestlich des Haupttempels Wat Mahathat. Baugeschichte Wat Sri Sawai wurde im ausgehenden 12. oder Anfang des 13. Jahrhunderts gegründet. Der Bau blieb unvollendet und wurde erst im 15. Jahrhundert wieder aufgenommen. Wat Sri Sawai weist drei recht gut erhaltene Prang (auch: Prasat – Turm) auf, die zunächst in Lateritbauweise ausgeführt wurden und von einer zweifachen Umwallung und einem Wassergraben eingeschlossen sind. Die unteren Teile stammen offenbar von den Khmer, während die oberen von Thai-Baumeistern in Backstein und Stuck erweitert oder renoviert worden sind. Der mittlere Prang ist im Lopburi- oder Hindu-Stil gehalten. Jeder Prasat enthält eine Cella und einen Sockel, der einem Hindu-Heiligtum, möglicherweise einem Linga, als Podest diente. Unter den Prasats befinden sich Krypten, zu denen Treppen hinabführen. Von den Stuckarbeiten der Dächer der Türme sowie der Vorhalle des großen Mittelturmes sind heute nur noch wenige erhalten. Später wurde an das Vestibül des Zentralanbaus ein Bot angefügt worden, der innerhalb der rechteckigen Umwallung stand. Ein sehr ansprechend gearbeiteter Torbau teilte ihn von einem außen liegenden Vihan ab. Sehenswürdigkeiten Wat Sri Sawai ist insofern ungewöhnlich, als es sich um ein ehemals brahmanisches Heiligtum handelt. Später wurde es den Bedürfnissen des buddhistischen Glaubens angepasst. Detailaufnahmen des Prang Literatur Clarence Aasen: Architecture of Siam: A Cultural History and Interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1998. ISBN 983-56-0027-9. Weblinks Tempel im Geschichtspark Sukhothai (auf Thai) Eindrucksvolle 360°-Umsicht des Tempels (auf Englisch)
Flughafen Udon Thani

Der Flughafen Udon Thani (thailändisch ท่าอากาศยานนานาชาติอุดรธานี, IATA-Code: UTH, ICAO-Code: VTUD) vor den Toren der Großstadt Udon Thani in der Provinz Udon Thani ist der wichtigste Flughafen in Nordostthailand. Geschichte Bereits während des Vietnamkriegs nutze die CIA den Stützpunkt für die Air America eine US-amerikanische Fluggesellschaft, die von der CIA kontrolliert wurde und verdeckte Operationen in Südostasien durchführte. Nach außen hin trat sie dabei als zivile Fluggesellschaft auf. Der Flughafen wurde unter dem Namen „Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base“ von der United States Air Force (Pacific Air Forces) von 1964 bis 1975 genutzt. Hier gab es auch ein Rundfunkstudio von AFTN. Am 8. Februar 2006 gab es ein internationales Gruppen-Fallschirmspringen mit Teilnehmern aus 31 Ländern unter dem Namen „the World Team“. Hier wurde der Weltrekord für den größten freien Fall im Formationsspringen von 400 Personen über dem Flughafen von Udon Thani erreicht. Allgemeines Der Flughafen verfügt über eine teils asphaltierte und teils betonierte Start- und Landebahn mit einer Länge von 3048 Metern. Das Terminal 2 mit Fluggastbrücke wurde 2006 eröffnet. Mit 2,21 Millionen Passagieren im Jahr (Stand 2015) ist Udon Thani der meistfrequentierte Flughafen in der Nordostregion (Isan) und auf Platz sieben in ganz Thailand. Die Passagierzahl hat sich zwischen 2009 und 2015 verdreifacht. Streitkräfte Hier befindet sich auch eine Militärbasis RTAFB Udon Thani der Thailändischen Luftstreitkräfte. Die Royal Thai Air Force unterhält hier die „Wing 23, 2nd Air Division Air Combat Command“. Auf diesem Stützpunkt sind 19 Alpha Jet A stationiert. Diese wurden 1999 günstig von der deutschen Luftwaffe erworben. Geheimgefängnis Die BBC berichtete, dass sich auf dem Luftwaffenstützpunkt ein Geheimgefängnis der CIA unter der Bezeichnung als „Detention Site Green“ befunden hat, die zur Befragung des 31-jährigen Abu Subaida genutzt wurde, ein in Saudi-Arabien geborener Palästinenser, vermutlich ein führender Kopf von Osama bin Laden. Im Dezember 2014 veröffentlichte der United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI) eine Zusammenfassung eines geheimen 6.000-seitigen Berichts über CIA-Techniken. In dem Bericht wird behauptet, dass mindestens acht hochrangige thailändische Beamte von der geheimen Stätte wussten. Das Geheimgefängnis wurde im Dezember 2002 geschlossen. Thailand hat die Existenz der Einrichtung bestritten, während die US-Regierung ihre Existenz weder bestätigt noch dementiert hat. Zwischenfälle Am 7. Dezember 1987 überrollte eine Hawker Siddeley HS 748-243 2A der thailändischen Bangkok Airways (Luftfahrzeugkennzeichen HS-THH) bei der Landung auf dem Flughafen Udon Thani das Landebahnende. Das Fahrwerk brach zusammen, die Maschine wurde dabei irreparabel beschädigt. Alle Insassen überlebten den Unfall. Siehe auch Liste der Flughäfen in Thailand Weblinks Flughafendaten von World Aero Data (auf Englisch) Udon Thani Airport Guide (auf Englisch) Einzelnachweise
Udon Thani International Airport

Udon Thani International Airport (IATA: UTH, ICAO: VTUD) is in the Nong Khon Kwang subdistrict, Mueang Udon Thani district, Udon Thani province in northeastern Thailand. It is approximately 450 kilometres (280 mi) northeast of Bangkok. It currently has domestic flights to and from Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi and Don Mueang), Chiang Mai (on Nok Air), Hat Yai (on Thai Lion Air), Phuket (on Thai AirAsia), Rayong (on Thai AirAsia), and Ubon Ratchathani (on Nok Air). In 2006, the airport had 677,411 passenger movements and 1,558 MT cargo movements. In 2013, the airport handled 1,325,305 passengers. In 2015, it handled 2,213,689 passengers and 3,678 tonnes of freight. It has been managed by the Department of Airports (DOA). Udon Thani Airport is the DOA's moneymaker, with profits reaching 100 million baht a year. This airport was scheduled to be transferred to Airports of Thailand PCL (AOT) in the first half of 2023. History During the Vietnam War the facility was known as Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base, serving as a front-line base of the United States Air Force and was the Asian headquarters for Air America. On 8 February 2006, an international group of skydivers from 31 countries called the "World Team" set a world record for the largest freefall formation, a 400-way, over the Udon Thani airport. Airlines and destinations Military use As well as being a commercial facility, Udon Thani International Airport is also an active Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) base, the home of Wing 23, 2nd Air Division Air Combat Command. The 231 Squadron flies 17 (out of 18 delivered) Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet airplanes acquired second-hand from the German Air Force and delivered in 2001. The squadron previously flew F-5A/RF-5A/F-5B Freedom Fighter airplanes. Plans Airports of Thailand (AOT) budgeted 220 billion baht in 2018 for the creation of two new airports and the expansion of four existing airports owned by the Department of Airports. Udon Thani is one of the four slated for expansion and AOT management. AOT intends to build Chiang Mai 2 in Lamphun Province and Phuket Airport 2 in Phang Nga Province. The three other existing airports to be managed by AOT are Chumphon Airport, Sakon Nakhon Airport, and Tak Airport. References External links Media related to Udon Thani International Airport at Wikimedia Commons Udon Thani travel guide from Wikivoyage Udon Thani International Airport homepage
Aéroport international d'Udon Thani

L'aéroport international d'Udon Thani (code IATA : UTH • code OACI : VTSB), est un aéroport situé à Udon Thani, au Thaïlande. Situation Statistiques Voir la requête brute et les sources sur Wikidata. Références Voir aussi Liens externes Liens internes Liste des aéroports thaïlandais Portail de la Thaïlande Portail de l’aéronautique
Aeroportul Internațional Udon Thani

Aeroportul Internațional Udon Thani (IATA: UTH, ICAO: VTUD) este un aeroport din Mak Khaeng⁠(d), Udǭn Thānī, Provincia Udon Thani, Thailanda ce deservește zona Provincia Udon Thani. Aeroportul a fost tranzitat în 2020 de 1.410.139 de pasageri. Situat la o altitudine de 176 m, aeroportul dispune de o singură pistă. Infrastructură Piste Terminale Note Vezi și
Удонтхани (аэропорт)

Международный аэропорт Удонтхани (тайск. ท่าอากาศยานอุดรธานี), (ИАТА: UTH, ИКАО: VTUD) — аэропорт совместного базирования, обслуживающий коммерческие авиаперевозки города Удонтхани (одноимённой провинции, Таиланд). Находится под управлением государственной компании Аэропорты Таиланда и Королевских военно-воздушных сил Таиланда. Общие сведения Международный аэропорт Удонтхани расположен на высоте 176 метров над уровнем моря и эксплуатирует одну взлётно-посадочную полосу 12/30 размерами 3048х45 метров с асфальтобетонным покрытием. В современном периоде аэропорт обрабатывает регулярные рейсы в оба международных аэропорта Бангкока: Донмыанг и Суваннапум, а также в международный аэропорт Пхукет В 2006 году услугами аэропорта воспользовалось 677 411 пассажиров. Авиакомпании и пункты назначения Военно-воздушные силы Помимо гражданской авиации международный аэропорт Удонтхани активно используется Королевскими военно-воздушными силами Таиланда. Здесь базируется 23-е авиационное крыло 2-й авиадивизии ВВС страны. Примечания Ссылки Страница аэропорта на сайте Управления авиации Таиланда Информация об аэропорте VTUD с сайта World Aero Data. Udon Thani Airport Guide
Department of Land Transport (Thailand)

Department of Land Transport (Thai: กรมการขนส่งทางบก, pronounced [krom˧.kaːn˧ kʰon˩˩˦.soŋ˨˩.tʰaːŋ˧.bok̚˨˩]) is a government department under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transport (Thailand). It oversees the road transport in Thailand, both public and private and has the power to prosecute those who violated the road-related laws. The department also issues the driving licences, transport licences and other documents related to road transport. It has branches in all provinces across Thailand. The emblem of the Department of Land Transport features curved road and rising sun, all under the Rama driving his chariot. History The Department of Land Transport originated in 1933 when the Department of Transport was established. At that time, the Department of Transport was part of the Ministry of Economy. Aside from the Department of Transport, there were three other transport-related department, namely: Department of Marine Transport; Department of Post and Telegraph Affairs (now National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission); Department of Railway (now Department of Rail Transport). The Department of Transport also oversaw and administered air transport and marine transport. In 1941, all transport-related departments were reorganised into the Ministry of Transport. Still, there was no specialised land transport department. All vehicles and drivers must register with the Department of Police. In 1971, Thanom Kittikachorn, the then Prime Minister usurped power. He decided that the Department of Transport was too bulky and must be split into smaller departments. The Department of Transport was then split into three organisations, including Department of Land Transport; Department of Commercial Aviation (now the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand and Department of Airports). Today the Department of Land Transport maintains the driving licensing and driving education in Thailand, excluding military licences. Other transportation-related documents, such as transport operator licences and safety certificates, are issued by the department or private companies authorised and overseen by the department. The Department of Land Transport also promotes the road safety, both by providing driver education and enforcing the relevant laws. References
1st Field Artillery Regiment, King's Guard (Thailand)

The 1st Field Artillery Regiment, King's Guard (Thai: กรมทหารปืนใหญ่ที่ 1 รักษาพระองค์) (ป.๑ รอ.) is an Artillery Regiment of the Royal Thai Army, it is currently a part of the 1st Infantry Division, King's Guard. The unit is composed of the 1st Field Artillery Battalion, 11th Field Artillery Battalion and 31st Field Artillery Battalion. History In 1852, King Mongkut (Rama IV) ordered the raising of the Volunteer Vietnamese Artillery Division to replace the Vietnamese Volunteers Division that formerly transferred the mastery to the Front Palace. This division has the former governor who is the confide of the king's commander, namely Phraya Manrattana Rachawalop and Phraya Phichai. Alongside this, the existing Guards Artillery Regiment was reorganized in European lines as a royal guard artillery unit, and personnel of several units of the RTA, including European gunners of a number of artillery batteries, were transferred. In 1853 Major Krom Muen Mahesuan Sivavilas was named commander of the artillery battalion of the "Tahan Lorm Wang" (Palace bodyguards) Brigade, which was raised as part of the modernization of the army. Major Phraya Siharat Dechochai was later named commander in 1854 and the unit was reorganized, its training now on European lines of the field artillery of the period. In 1907, the 1st Field Artillery Regiment, created on the basis of the artillery battalions in the Bangkok area and in a number of cities, was granted the status and dignity of a Royal Guard unit by HM King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). Disbanded in 1932, it was recreated in 1947 following the Second World War. Its regimental anniversary is held every 6 February. Organization 1st Field Artillery Regiment, King's Guard Headquarter located in Bangkok 1st Field Artillery Battalion, 1st Field Artillery Regiment, King's Guard located in Bangkok 11th Field Artillery Battalion, 1st Field Artillery Regiment, King's Guard located in Mueang Lopburi district 31st Field Artillery Battalion, 1st Field Artillery Regiment, King's Guard located in Mueang Lopburi district See also 1st Division, King's Guard 2nd Infantry Division (Thailand) 7th Infantry Division (Thailand) 9th Infantry Division (Thailand) King's Guard (Thailand) Royal Thai Army Thai Royal Guards parade References External links [1]
Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University

The Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University (Thai: คณะแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ; abbr: MED SWU) is the medical school of Srinakharinwirot University, a public university in Bangkok, Thailand. It was founded in 1985, making it the eighth oldest medical school in Thailand. The school has two campuses: Prasarnmit Campus in Watthana, Bangkok and Ongkharak Campus in Ongkharak District, Nakhon Nayok Province. History The project to set up the Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University was planned since 1980 under the prime ministership of Prem Tinsulanonda and the faculty was officially set up on 13 June 1985, in a partnership with Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. In its early years, Vajira Hospital was used as the main clinical teaching site (Years 4-6), as well as a number of hospitals operating under governmental organisations, such as the Police General Hospital. In 1992, the university saw fit to expand to have a hospital of its own, so the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center was constructed at Ongkharak and was completed in 1999. Currently, clinical year students rotate around the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center and Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center as main teaching hospitals, as well as affiliated hospitals. The faculty also holds an academic partnership with the University of Nottingham Medical School and holds a Joint Medical Programme with the university. Students will study at the University of Nottingham at the United Kingdom in the preclinical years (Year 1-3), before returning to study in Thailand in the clinical years. A total of 200 medical students are annually accepted at the Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University in the 2018 academic year. 180 students are accepted via the Consortium of Thai Medical Schools Examination (กสพท) and study the whole MD course in Thailand, while 20 students are accepted into the Joint Medical Programme through BMAT Test and study half of the time in the United Kingdom and the other half in Thailand. Main Teaching Hospitals HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Centre, Nakhon Nayok Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center, Nonthaburi Affiliated Teaching Hospitals Vajira Hospital, Bangkok Police General Hospital, Bangkok Lerdsin Hospital, Bangkok Nopparat Rajathanee Hospital, Bangkok Samut Prakan Hospital, Samut Prakan King Narai Hospital, Lopburi Nakhon Nayok Hospital, Nakhon Nayok Pathum Thani Hospital, Pathum Thani Maha Vajiralongkorn Cancer Center, Pathum Thani See also List of medical schools in Thailand References Article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Thai Wikipedia.
Damnoen Saduak Floating Market

Damnoen Saduak Floating Market (Thai: ตลาดน้ำดำเนินสะดวก, RTGS: Talat Nam Damnoen Saduak, pronounced [tā.làːt náːm dām.nɤ̄ːn sā.dùak]) is a floating market in Damnoen Saduak district, Ratchaburi province, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Bangkok, Thailand. It has become primarily a tourist attraction, attracting domestic and foreign tourists. It is often considered the most famous floating market. History From 1866 to 1868, by order of King Rama IV, the 32-kilometre (20 mi)-long Damnoen Saduak Canal was constructed to connect the Mae Klong and Tha Chin Rivers. Many floating markets arose from the canal, and about 200 ancillary canals were dug by villagers. The main floating market was called Lad Plee market (ลัดพลี, RTGS: Lat Phli) which adjoined a Buddhist temple and remained active until 1967 when the development of roads replaced the need for water transportation. This pattern was seen with other old floating markets which disappeared by the mid-20th century due to the development of modern land infrastructure. In 1971, the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) made the Lad Plee market a tourist attraction for foreigners. The market had boat vendors and shops on the canal banks. In 1981, a new road was built to Ton Canal, and private entrepreneurs established the modern Damnoen Saduak Floating Market along this canal. Description Damnoen Saduak Floating Market consists of a maze of narrow khlongs (canals). Female traders, often wearing traditional mo hom apparel (blue farmers' shirts) with wide-brimmed straw hats (ngob) use sampans (small wooden boats) to sell their wares, often produce. These boats are often full of vegetables and colorful fruits that are photogenic, and these images are used for tourism promotion. The market is often the busiest in the morning from 07:00 to 09:00 and is active until noon. A roof was built for the market so that it could be operated every day and all day The floating market includes three smaller markets: Ton Khem, Hia Kui, and Khun Phitak. Ton Khem is the largest market and is on Khlong Damnoen Saduak. Hia Kui is parallel to Khlong Damnoen Saduak and has souvenir shops on the canal banks to sell goods to larger tour groups. Khun Phitak is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Hia Kui and is the smallest and least crowded market. The floating market is crowded with tourists and is considered a tourist trap. As such, the wares tend to be overpriced. Bargaining is a common practice, although the prices of souvenirs and food are generally fixed within a few baht. Canoe cooks can be found preparing and selling boat noodles. The floating market also has been noted to lack cultural authenticity, although it remains a popular destination for both foreign and domestic tourists. The market has been featured in several films. A canal chase scene in The Man with the Golden Gun with Roger Moore as James Bond was filmed at the market, and the 2008 film Bangkok Dangerous starring Nicolas Cage includes a scene that takes place at the market. References
GH Bank

GH Bank or Government Housing Bank (Thai: ธนาคารอาคารสงเคราะห์; RTGS: Thanakhan Akhan Songkhro, Thai initialism ธอส. tho-oso) is a state enterprise reporting to the Thai Finance Ministry. Founded in 1953, its mission is to extend mortgages to low-income earners. History On 9 January 1953, King Bhumibol Adulyadej approved the Government Housing Bank Act, B.E. 2496. The act was published in the Government Gazette on 29 January 1953. The act established a government housing bank as a specialized financial institution. The bank opened for business on 24 September 1953, which is considered the date of its founding. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary year in 1993, the bank changed its logo to a stylised image of "two hands embracing a house". The GH Bank website became operational the same year. Operations GH Bank is Thailand's largest mortgage lender. As of August 2019, it has 1.3 trillion baht in outstanding loans. Most of the bank's customers have loans up to two million baht; its largest loans are seven to eight million baht. In 2019 its loan approval target is 203 billion baht. In 2019 GH Bank embarked on an initiative to increase its lending to high-income clients in addition to serving the low-income clients who are its reason for being. GH Bank is one of the few Thai state enterprises that contributes money to the treasury rather than rely on government for funding. References
Fuerte Mahakan

El fuerte Mahakan (en tailandés, ป้อมมหากาฬ) es una estructura militar de finales del siglo XVIII, una de las dos supervivientes que protegía la entonces ciudad amurallada de Bangkok (Tailandia).​ Desde 2018, el edificio se conserva restaurado y el área a su alrededor es un jardín público.​ Historia Cuando el rey Rama I llegó al trono como primer moncarca de la dinastía Chakri en 1782, decidió que Bangkok fuera la nueva capital del Reino. Debido a la amenaza de los vecinos birmanos, que en 1767 destruyeron Ayutthaya —la antigua capital—, el gobernante mandó erigir una serie de fortificaciones, además de excavar canales para proteger la nueva ciudad. El fuerte Phra Sumen fue construido en 1782 en este contexto.​ Levantado también en la década de 1780, el fuerte Mahakan, de planta octogonal, formaba parte de la línea de defensa de las murallas de Bangkok y se encuentra junto al Wat Saket. En 1785, el ejército birmano retomó la invasión de Tailandia (entonces llamado Siam), pero sus tropas no alcanzaron la capital y las fortalezas no llegaron a participar en las batallas. De las catorce fortificaciones y las dieciséis puertas, solo se conservan las dos mencionadas.​​ Proyecto de restauración Desde 1959 el ayuntamiento local intentó desarrollar el área alrededor del edificio y requirió la expropiación de veintiún solares en casi ocho mil metros cuadrados, que ocupaban veintiocho viviendas. Aunque ya en 1992 se emitió un reglamento para apoyar el proyecto, en ese momento el número de hogares de la zona había crecido hasta los ciento dos. No fue hasta 1994 que los habitantes comenzaron a mudarse a cambio de una compensación del municipal. Tras su restauración, el edificio marca la entrada a la Ciudad Real de la capital y está rodeado de un parque público.​ Este proyecto suscitó críticas debido a la baja cantidad de turistas que lo visitaron (que era el objetivo principal). Además, para completarlo tuvieron que derribar casas de madera que databan de principios de la era Rattanakosin, consideradas partes del patrimonio tailandés. Además de forzar que sus habitantes se desplazaran, los historiadores afirman que una comunidad de viviendas se desarrolló en los alrededores del fuerte desde su construcción.​ Referencias Enlaces externos Wikimedia Commons alberga una categoría multimedia sobre Fuerte Mahakan.