NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH, Thai: โรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์; RTGS: Rongphayaban Chulalongkon) is a public general and tertiary referral hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. It is operated by the Thai Red Cross Society, and serves as the teaching hospital for the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Srisavarindhira Thai Red Cross Institute of Nursing. With an in-patient capacity of 1,435 beds, it is one of the largest hospitals in Thailand, and as one of Thailand's leading medical school affiliates, is widely considered one of the best public hospitals in the country, along with Siriraj Hospital and Ramathibodi Hospital. History The founding of the hospital was first proposed by King Vajiravudh, who, having observed the operations of the Red Cross Hospital of Japan during his travels, thought it beneficial to establish a hospital in the service of the Red Cross (then the Red Unalom Society). The hospital, named in honour of King Chulalongkorn, was founded through donations by King Vajiravudh and his brothers and sisters, together with the society's funds. The hospital was opened by King Vajiravudh on 30 May 1914. King Ananda Mahidol aimed to increase physician in Thailand because at that time Thailand is under post–World War II period. Government of Thailand intentionally tried to find another hospital which is ready to be the second medical school of Thailand and finally they should King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital of the Thai Red Cross Society. On 4 June 1947, Affiliation with Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University was established. The hospital was damaged during the 2025 Myanmar earthquake. Facilities Today, the hospital provides general and specialized medical services through its dentistry, forensic medicine, internal medicine, orthopedics, pediatrics, preventive medicine, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, radiology and surgery clinics. It also operates five specialized medical service centers, namely: Cardiac Center, Glaucoma Imaging & Diagnostic Center, Excimer Laser Center, Chulalongkorn Craniofacial Center, and the Queen Sirikit Center for Breast Cancer. It serves as the office of many WHO Collaborating Centres in Thailand. In 2007, ground was broken for the hospital's Bhumisirimangkalanusorn Building — claimed to be the largest medical hub in ASEAN, is a 12.5-billion baht (US$376 million) 29-storey facility. It was jointly financed by the state and the Thai Red Cross Society. The new addition opened on a partial basis in 2016 and is due to be fully inaugurated by the end of 2017. It has over 1,250 beds. Fully operational, it will house over 1,600 physicians and 2,100 nurses. See also List of structures and infrastructure affected by the 2025 Myanmar earthquake Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Hospitals in Thailand List of hospitals in Thailand References External links Official website
TOT

TOT Public Company Limited (Thai: ทีโอที) ist die staatliche Telefon- und Kommunikationsgesellschaft in Thailand. Allgemeines Die TOT Public Company Limited wurde am 24. Februar 1954 gegründet und 2002 in eine Aktiengesellschaft umgewandelt, frühere Bezeichnungen TOT waren Telephone Organization of Thailand und TOT Corporation Public Company Limited. Das Hauptgeschäft ist die kabelgebundene Kommunikation und Telefonie sowie der schnelle Internetzugang wie ADSL. In den letzten Jahren wurde auch die Mobile Telekommunikation vermarktet. Unternehmensgeschichte Der Anfang Der erste Gebrauch eines Telefons in Thailand begann zur Zeit von König Rama V im Jahr 1881 mit der ersten Telefonverbindung von der Hauptstadt Bangkok und der Stadt Samut Prakan südöstlich von Bangkok. Die Telephone Organization of Thailand wurde durch die thailändische Regierung am 24. Februar 1954 gegründet und ist heute eine staatliche Gesellschaft unter der Kontrolle des Ministeriums für Information und Kommunikation (MICT). Privatisierung 2002 und Reprivatisierung 2006 Unter der Regierung von Premierminister Thaksin Shinawatra (2001–2006), wurde damit begonnen, TOT in eine private Aktiengesellschaft umzuwandeln, diese sollte auch an der thailändischen Börse Stock Exchange of Thailand gehandelt werden. Diese Pläne wurden nach dem Militärputsch vom 19. September 2006 von der Regierung unter dem pensionierten General Surayud Chulanont gestoppt. Zusammen mit der CAT Telecom (früher die Communications Authority of Thailand) wurde TOT in eine staatliche Telekommunikationsgesellschaft (TOT Thailand) vereinigt. Siehe auch DTAC Advanced Info Service Weblinks Offizielle Website Einzelnachweise
Wat Phra Yai

Wat Phra Yai, known in English as the Big Buddha Temple, is a Buddhist temple on Ko Phan (also spelled Koh Fan or Koh Faan), a small island offshore from the northeastern area of Ko Samui, Thailand, connected to that island by a short causeway 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) north of Samui International Airport. As its name indicates, it is home to a giant, 12-metre-high (39-foot) gold-painted Buddha statue. Since being built in 1972, it has become one of Ko Samui's main tourist attractions and a major landmark. Statues The Buddha statue depicts Buddha in a state of calm and purity and resolve, having overcome temptation and fear sent at him by Mara, Lord of Illusion. Known as the Mara posture, the left hand rests palm open and up in the statue's lap, the right hand facing down over the right knee, almost to the ground. There is a second, smaller Buddha statue, depicting the Metteyya of the Future and a collection of bells around the temple's rear side. The temple design has elements of animism, Brahminism and Buddhism in its architecture. As in many Thai temples, nāga statues line the staircase. There is a bazaar within the temple grounds selling tourist items as well as amulets and other Buddhist items. There are many restaurants and shops around the temple in the area known as Big Buddha Beach (Bang Rak). Location The Buddha is near a beachtown called Bang Rak, now often called Big Buddha Beach. It is 7.5 km (4.7 mi) northwest from Chaweng and 3 km (1.9 mi) east from Bophut. The temple is located on Thai highway 4171, which is a side route off of Highway 4169, the main route around the island. Gallery See also Buddha images in Thailand List of Buddhist temples in Thailand Wat Khunaram Wat Lamai Wat Plai Laem References
Wat Khunaram

Wat Khunaram (Thai: วัดคุณาราม) is a Buddhist temple on the island of Ko Samui in Surat Thani Province, Thailand. It is most notable for being the shrine of "the Mummy Monk", Luang Pho Daeng, who died in 1973 and directed that his body be put on display as a reminder of the transience of human existence. It is located in the area between Na Muang and Hua Thanon on Thai route 4169, the main route around the island. It is 13 km southeast of Nathon, the island's "capital city" and main port, and 6 km west of the resort town of Lamai Beach. See also List of Buddhist temples in Thailand References
Sanctuaire faunique de Lum Nam Pai

Le sanctuaire faunique de Lum Nam Pai est une zone protégée de Thaïlande. Elle a été créée en 1972 et elle a une superficie de 1 180,94 km2. Notes et références Liens externes Ressource relative à la géographie : World Database on Protected Areas Portail de la Thaïlande Portail de la conservation de la nature
Wat Plai Laem

Wat Plai Laem (Thai: วัดปลายแหลม) is a wat on the resort island of Ko Samui, Thailand. Like the nearby Wat Phra Yai or "Big Buddha Temple", it is a modern Buddhist temple. The temple's design incorporates elements of Chinese and Thai traditions and was in part designed by distinguished Thai artist Jarit Phumdonming. Its main statue, which is in Chinese style, is not of Gautama Buddha. It is a form of the bodhisattva of compassion and mercy, Avalokiteśvara, called Cundi. This form of the deity is known in Chinese as "Guanyin with eighteen arms". In addition to the main statue, there is also a white statue of Budai and smaller shrines dedicated to Ganesha, Vishnu, Shiva and Sakka. Although it is an open-air image, it is located within an elaborate ubosot on a platform-pavilion surrounded by a temple lake. See also List of Buddhist temples in Thailand Wat Phra Yai Wat Khunaram Wat Lamai References
Wat Amarinthraram

Wat Amarinthraram (Thai: วัดอมรินทรารามวรวิหาร), or known in short as Wat Amarinthraram or just Wat Amarin is a Thai Buddhist temple in Thailand. It is located on the southward of canal Khlong Bangkok Noi, next to the Siriraj Piyamaharajkarun Hospital and Bangkok Noi railway station near the foot of Arun Ammarin bridge, considered as the temple that is nearest to Siriraj Hospital. It is an ancient temple dating back to the Ayutthaya period (around 1657–58), although it is not known who built it. Previously, it was called "Wat Bang Wa Noi" (วัดบางหว้าน้อย) in pair with Wat Bangwa Yai (วัดบางหว้าใหญ่) nearby, or Wat Rakhangkhositaram in present day. In the King Taksin's reign during Thonburi period, the temple has been promoted to be a royal monastery. In the early Rattanakosin period, the King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) gave the name to the Wat Amarinthraram (Śakra temple) which remains today. Since then, it has undergone renovations and had various additions to the permanent structures during each reign. Presently, the temple is classified as the third rank of royal monastery. The attraction of the temple is the principal Buddha statue of Luang Pho Bot Noi (หลวงพ่อโบสถ์น้อย), which is as the name says, located in the chapel behind the main hall. It is a Sukhothai-style statue in Māravijaya attitude. Hence the name "Luang Pho Bot Noi" (chapel venerable father), and this name also became the unofficial name of the temple, Wat Luang Pho Bot Noi. The temple was heavily damaged by Allied bombings during World War II and the only building which was still standing was the chapel. Another interesting thing of this temple is the replica of Buddha's footprint that is inside the pavilion. In the year 2010, the Buddha's footprint pavilion is preserved by the Fine Arts Department and Crown Property Bureau. Wat Amarinthraram used to be the residence of Chuan Leekpai, two times prime minister of Thailand. When he was a Thammasat University student in the early 1960s. References External links Media related to Wat Amarintharam at Wikimedia Commons
Wat Thammikarat

Wat Thammikarat (Thai: วัดธรรมิกราช, romanized: Wat Dhammikaraj) is temple ruin preserve as historical site on the city island near U-Thong Road, just outside the Ayutthaya Historic Park, in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Thailand. The temple had undergone multiple restorations. Though many structures remain in ruins, new buildings have been added as it is now an active temple. Key features include Chedi Singh Lom (Thai: เจดีย์สิงห์ล้อม, lit. 'Lion Surrounded Chedi') a large, bell-shaped chedi with an octagonal base, surrounded by detailed lion figures made of brick and mortar with stucco decorations. This chedi also includes multi-headed Naga figures, and remnants of smaller monuments and spires are scattered around it. History Wat Thammikarat likely predates Ayutthaya Kingdom's founding in 1351, linked to an older Khmer settlement named Ayodaya. Archaeological evidence suggests a pre-12th-century Dvaravati town existed near the site, with Khmer-style stone lions around the chedi and a bronze Buddha head in U Thong Style. Northern Thai chronicles also mention that Phraya Thammikarat, son of King Sai Nam Phung, built the monastery, giving it its name. In 1610, Somdet Phra Boromma Trailokkanat restored a significant site by constructing a nine-room viharn called Harn Song Dhamma for listening to Buddhist sermons. This viharn originally housed a bronze Buddha head from the U-Thong period, but now was relocated to be kept at the Chao Sam Phraya Museum. Another viharn was built to honor a royal recovery from illness of the queen. The site contains a 12-meter-long reclining Buddha with toes covered in gold-leafed and mirror pieces. On the south there is also the main chedi nearby with bell-shaped and octagonal base, encircled by 52 mortar singha (lion) statues, differ from other chedis commonly surrounded by elephant statues. The temple's ubosot houses a white Buddha image in the subduing Mara posture, believed to date back to the early Rattanakosin period. The temple is notable for its pre-Ayutthaya art, making it a recommended destination for art enthusiasts. Visitors can access Wat Thammikaraj via the same route as Wat Phra Mongkhon Bophit and Wat Phra Si Sanphet Gallery External links https://www.tourismthailand.org/Attraction/wat-thammikarat https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Temples_Ruins_Thammikarat.html
Wat Borom Niwat

Wat Borommaniwat (วัดบรมนิวาสราชวรวิหาร; RTGS: Wat Borom Niwat Ratchaworawihan; pronounced [bɔː.rom.ma.ní.wâːt]) — also known simply as Wat Borom Niwat or Wat Borom — is a second-class royal monastery (Phra Aram Luang Chan Tho) of the Thammayut Nikaya sect, located in Rong Mueang Subdistrict, Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, Thailand. History Wat Borommaniwat was founded by Phra Vajirananthera prior to his coronation as king, in 1834 CE (BE 2377) under the original name Wat Borommasuk (วัดบรมสุข). It was intended as an aranwasi (อรัญวาสี; “forest-dwelling”) counterpart to Wat Bowonniwet Vihara, a khamwasi (คามวาสี; “city-dwelling”) monastery in the Bang Lamphu area of Rattanakosin Island. The temple’s original structures included the ordination hall (ubosot), a pagoda (chedi), and fourteen monks’ dwellings (kuti). Construction continued until Phra Vajirananthera left the monkhood and ascended the throne as King Mongkut. The temple was later renamed Wat Borommaniwat (“Monastery of Supreme Abode”) during the reign of Rama V. During this time, restoration was carried out under the supervision of Phra Ubali Kunupamachan (Chan Siricando), supported by Chao Chom Manda Thapthim and her royal children. The temple’s murals were painted by Khrua In Khong, one of the leading artists of King Mongkut’s reign. His works depict Buddhist themes through Western art techniques and hidden Dharma symbolism. Further restoration efforts continued through the reigns of subsequent monarchs and abbots. Today, the temple remains an active monastic and educational center under the Thammayut Nikaya. Architecture and Art The main ordination hall enshrines the principal Buddha image, Phra Thotsaphonlayan (พระทศพลญาณ; “Tenfold Power Buddha”), in the Maravijaya posture. The murals within, created by Khrua In Khong, blend Western artistic perspective with Buddhist allegory. Location Wat Borommaniwat is located adjacent to the Bangkok railway station (Hua Lamphong). Trains pass close to its boundary wall, near the Yotse Bridge and Bobae Market. Lineage of Abbots Since its establishment, Wat Borommaniwat has been administered by the following abbots: References
Wat Bang Phli Yai Nai

Der Wat Bang Phli Yai Nai (Thai วัดบางพลีใหญ่ใน) ist ein buddhistischer Tempel im Amphoe Bang Phli, Provinz Samut Prakan in Zentral-Thailand. Der Tempel wurde zu Ehren König Naresuans des Großen (1590–1605) und dessen Sieg über die Burmesen erbaut. Wat Bang Phli Yai Nai beherbergt den Luang Pho To (Verehrenswerter Vater), ein verehrtes Abbild des sitzenden Buddha, eine Bronzestatue, die im Phra Ubosot Gebäude steht. Deshalb wird der Tempel auch Wat Luang Pho To genannt. Der Tempel liegt nahe am Flughafen Suvarnabhumi. Jedes Jahr wird hier das Lotusblüten-Festival gefeiert. Weblinks Bangkok Travel Ideas Wat Bang Phli Yai Nai and Old Market. Thailändisches Fremdenverkehrsamt, Frankfurt (englisch)
Wat Bang Phli Yai Nai

Wat Bang Phli Yai Nai (Thai: วัดบางพลีใหญ่ใน, pronounced [wát bāːŋ pʰlīː jàj nāj]) is a Thai Buddhist temple in the area of Bang Phli Yai Subdistrict, Bang Phli District, Samut Prakan Province, outskirts Bangkok. The temple is classified as the third rank of royal temple, and has a long history since the middle Ayutthaya period. It was formerly known as Wat Phlapphla Chai Chana Songkhram (วัดพลับพลาชัยชนะสงคราม; literally "victory pavilion temple") as it was built to commemorate King Naresuan's victory over Burma army in this area. This temple is well known from the principal Buddha statue that is called Luang Pho To (หลวงพ่อโต), one of the most revered Buddha statues in Thailand. According to folklore, it was first sighted floating in the Khlong Samrong canal by one of three brothers who were escaping the war with the Burmese during the Ayutthaya period. While some folklore says it floated along the tides, along with four other Buddha statues or two statues, all of which are sacred Buddha statues in the central basin (Luang Pho Sothon (หลวงพ่อโสธร) of Wat Sothonwararam in Chachoengsao, Luang Pho Wat Rai Khing (หลวงพ่อวัดไร่ขิง) of Wat Rai Khing in Nakhon Pathom, Luang Pho Ban Laem (หลวงพ่อบ้านแหลม) of Wat Ban Laem in Samut Songkram, and Luang Pho Thong (หลวงพ่อทอง) or Luang Pho Wat Khao Takrao (หลวงพ่อวัดเขาตะเครา) of Wat Khao Takrao in Phetchaburi). In addition, Old Bang Phli Market (ตลาดโบราณบางพลี), a traditional marketplace and community lines along the Khlong Samrong next to the temple. The community contains many different shops, which are getting rare these day. More than 100 years old, it still retains the quaint charm of the old day. Regarded as another interesting cultural attraction of Bang Phli. Both temple and market are situated behind Big C Bang Phli, Thepharak Rd km 13. References
Wat Pathum Khongkha

Wat Pathum Khongkha Ratchaworawihan, simply known as Wat Pathum Khongkha (Thai: วัดปทุมคงคาราชวรวิหาร, วัดปทุมคงคา), is a second-class royal temple in the Talat Noi area of Bangkok's Chinatown, in Thailand. The temple dates to the Ayutthaya period, when it was called Wat Sampheng, from its location in Sampheng. Prince Maha Sura Singhanat, younger brother of King Rama I of the Rattanakosin period, renovated the temple, renaming it Wat Pathum Khongkha. References
Wat Molilokkayaram

Wat Molilokkayaram Ratchawarawihan (Thai: วัดโมลีโลกยาราม ราชวรวิหาร) is a Buddhist temple in Bangkok, Thailand. It is well known as a centre for the study of Pali. History The temple is a second class royal monastery, it was built in mid-18th century (around end of Ayutthaya period) without knowing who founded, in that era it was named "Wat Tai Talat" (วัดท้ายตลาด; lit: "Temple at market tip") because it is located in the area next to the end of Thonburi Market. Up until now this name is still used as an informal name for the temple. In 1767, King Taksin incorporated the temple as part of his Thonburi Palace. Later, in Rattanakosin period, King Phutthaloetla Naphalai (Rama ll) renovated the ordination hall and renamed "Wat Phutthaisawan" (วัดพุทไธสวรรค์). When King Nangklao (Rama lll) restored all the temple and rename to "Wat Molilokyasutharam" (วัดโมลีโลกยสุธาราม) and changed to Wat Molilokkayaram in the present. In addition, this temple is also a place of study for the son of King Phutthaloetla Naphalai in childhood. In 1997, the abbot of the temple further developed and upgrading to Pali school for novice and monk. At present, it is the school that has the most Pali-winning students in Thailand. In 2024, Phanuwat Kongthungmon (Thai: ภานุวัฒน์ กองทุ่งมน), a seventeen-year-old novice monk from Wat Molilokkayaram, became the youngest person in Thai history to pass the examinations for "Pali 9"—the highest level in Pali studies for members of the Thai Sangha. Permanent structures Ordination Hall, inside enshrined principal Buddha image in Māravijaya attitude named Phra Phuttha Molilokanart. Phra Wihan Chang Kluea, ancient building assumed that it had been a salty warehouse since the reign of King Taksin (hence the name "Chang Kluea"–salty warehouse in Thai). It is now a chapel and is shrines another principal Buddha image named Phra Poramet. Ho Somdet, two-story building with strange shapes, inside the ground floor there are statues of a French soldier carrying the base. Presumably being a contemporary French soldiers with Wichaiprasit Fort. Ho Trai, a scripture wooden hall of the temple, believed that it was built from the reign of King Nangklao. Transportation BMTA bus: route 57, 710 Khlong Bangkok Yai Longtail Boat References External links Official website
Wat Nuannoradit

Wat Nuannoradit (Thai: วัดนวลนรดิศ) is the 3rd ranked temple in Thailand. It is on the western side of the Khlong Bangkok Yai (Bangkok Yai canal) and opposite Wat Praduchimplee and Wat Nuan Noradit School. History Wat Nuannoradit is ancient and was deserted for a long time. Some people believe that it was built in the era of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. Its older name was Wat Makok Nai ("Inside Bangkok canal temple"), paired with Wat Makok Nok ("Outside Bangkok canal temple", now Wat Arun). At the end of the reign of Chao khun Phra Ratchaphan (Nuan), who was Chao Phraya Akkhamahasena (Bunnag)’s wife and the sister of Queen Amarindra, she repaired Wat Makok Nai, assigning responsibility to her son Chao Phraya Phra khlang (Dit Bunnag). Jao Phraya Phraklan (Dit Bunnaak) repaired Wat Makok Nai after he finished repairing Wat Prayurawongsawat in 2379 of the Buddhist era (1836). After that King Chulalongkorn (King Rama V) changed its name to Wat Nuannoradit after Chao Khun Phraratchaphan (Nuan). The temple was repaired once by Chao Phraya Surawongwaiwat (Worn Bunnaak) and Chao Phraya Passakorawong (Phon Bunnag) and again by Phra Sassananurak (Tim Rattanachoot). After that, it was maintained continuously. References External links
Wat Phra Samut Chedi

Wat Phra Samut Chedi (Thai: วัดพระสมุทรเจดีย์, pronounced [wát pʰráʔ sā.mút t͡ɕēː.dīː]) is an ancient Buddhist temple in Phra Samut Chedi District, Samut Prakan Province, central Thailand. Lined on the Chao Phraya River's bank in the area of Pak Khlong Bang Pla Ko Sub-district, near Phisuea Samut Fortress and Chulachomklao Fort, which was built to protect the mouth of the Chao Phraya River and played an important role during the "Paknam Incident" (July 1893) in the King Rama V's reign. The most striking feature of the temple is "Phra Samut Chedi", the chedi (stūpa) of the same name and also the origin of the district where it is located. It was built since the King Rama II's reign but was completed during the subsequent reign, King Rama III in the early Rattanakosin period (18th century). The stūpa was once settled on an island surrounded by the waterway before the water level decreased that it later connected to the mainland. Hence the name "Phra Samut Chedi", which means "ocean stūpa temple". Wat Phra Samut Chedi is considered one of the oldest and most well-known temples in Samut Prakan. Its stūpa is regarded as a symbol or landmark of the province, inside contains the Buddha's relics, image of Buddha's posture of Phra Ham Samut (pacifying the ocean) and Buddha image, Phra Chai Wat. On the 5th day of the waning moon of the 11th month of every year (around October), there will be a stūpa worship ceremony. This is the biggest temple fair in Samut Prakan and the one greatest traditions in the province. References