NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Sednayagevangenis

De Sednayagevangenis (Arabisch: سجن صيدنايا, Sajn Ṣaydnāyā) was een militaire gevangenis in de Syrische plaats Sednaya, 30 kilometer ten noorden van Damascus. Het complex Het gevangeniscomplex in Sednaya werd gebouwd tijdens het bewind van Hafiz al-Assad en bestaat uit twee gebouwen waarin in totaal tussen de 10.000 en 20.000 mannen waren opgesloten. In het rode stervormige gebouw werden vooral burgers vastgehouden. Het witte, L-vormige gebouw werd voornamelijk gebruikt voor militairen die uit de gratie waren geraakt bij het Syrische regime. In het L-vormige gebouw bevindt zich ook de voormalige executiekamer. Syrische Burgeroorlog Tijdens de Syrische Burgeroorlog werd de Sednayagevangenis gebruikt om tegenstanders van het regime van Bashar al-Assad op te sluiten, te martelen en te doden door ophanging. Amnesty International meldde in februari 2017 dat gemiddeld twintig tot vijftig mensen per week in de Sednayagevangenis werden opgehangen. Tussen 5000 en 13.000 mensen werden er geëxecuteerd in de eerste vier jaar na de opstand die tot de burgeroorlog leidde. In mei 2017 meldde de Amerikaanse onderminister van Buitenlandse Zaken Stuart Jones dat de Verenigde Staten bewijs hadden dat het Assad-regime een crematorium bij de Sednayagevangenis had gebouwd. Het crematorium zou worden gebruikt om de lichamen van gedetineerden zonder bewijsmateriaal te laten verdwijnen. De Amerikaanse claim was gebaseerd op satellietbeelden waarop te zien is dat een gevangenisgebouw vanaf 2013 is voorzien van een luchtschacht en een brandmuur. Bovendien bleek in 2015 sneeuw weg te smelten op een deel van het dak van dit gebouw, terwijl het bleef liggen op het dak van andere delen van het gevangeniscomplex. Amnesty International twijfelde aan de juistheid van de Amerikaanse bewering. Geen van de tientallen ex-gedetineerden en gevangenismedewerkers die door Amnesty zijn geïnterviewd, heeft ooit melding gemaakt van een crematorium in Sednaya. Amnesty gaat ervan uit dat de lichamen van gestorven gevangenen in massagraven werden gedumpt. Val van Assad-regime Na de val van het regime van dictator Bashar al-Assad als gevolg van het offensief van rebellengroep Hayat Tahrir al-Sham werd het complex geopend en werden honderden gevangenen bevrijd. Veel cellen waren echter onvindbaar en van veel deuren was niet bekend hoe ze geopend konden worden. Tevens werd in kaart gebracht onder welke omstandigheden de gevangenen moesten leven en welk regime er had geheerst. Veel Syriërs gingen op zoek naar hun familieleden waarvan ze wisten of vermoedden dat deze opgesloten hadden gezeten in het complex. Zie ook Gevangenis van Tadmoer
Więzienie w Sajdnaja

Więzienie w Sajdnaja (arab. ‏سجن صيدنايا‎, trb. Sajn Sajdnaja), zwane Ludzką Rzeźnią – syryjska baza wojskowa położona w Sajdnajii, 16 km od Damaszku, służąca jako obóz koncentracyjny dla Syryjczyków podczas rządów Hafiza i Baszszara al-Asada Według wielu sygnalistów – zarówno byłych pracowników, jak i zwolnionych więźniów – powszechne w nim były systemowe nadużycia i łamanie praw człowieka, w tym masowe egzekucje pozasądowe (co najmniej 13 tysięcy ofiar), tortury fizyczne i psychiczne takie jak zmuszanie więźniów do zabijania członków własnej rodziny czy kanibalizmu, czy podpalanie oblanych benzyną więźniów, co strażnicy nazywali "latającym dywanem". 8 grudnia 2024 r., w związku z upadkiem reżimu Asada, administracja więzienna zgodziła się oddać więzienie siłom rebelianckim w zamian za ich bezpieczne wycofanie. Przypisy
Prisão de Sednaya

Prisão de Sednaya (em árabe: سجن صيدنايا Sajn Ṣaydnāyā ), apelidada de "Matadouro Humano", era uma prisão militar perto de Damasco, na Síria, operada pelo governo sírio. A prisão foi usada para manter milhares de prisioneiros, tanto civis como rebeldes antigovernamentais, bem como prisioneiros políticos. O Observatório Sírio para os Direitos Humanos (OSDH) estimou em Janeiro de 2021 que 30.000 detidos foram brutalmente mortos pelo regime de Assad em Sednaya, devido a tortura, maus-tratos e execuções em massa desde o início da guerra civil síria, enquanto a Amnistia Internacional estimou em Fevereiro de 2017 “que entre 5.000 e 13.000 pessoas foram executadas extrajudicialmente em Saydnaya entre Setembro de 2011 e Dezembro de 2015.” Organizações de direitos humanos identificaram mais de 27 prisões e centros de detenção administrados pelo governo de Assad em todo o país, onde detidos são rotineiramente torturados e mortos. Um desertor das fontes de Assad contrabandeou dezenas de milhares de fotografias dessas prisões, mostrando os corpos daqueles que foram assassinados. O desertor declarou que havia fotografado pessoalmente os mortos e que existiam arquivos com milhares de outras fotografias semelhantes de outras vítimas. Um ex-detento da prisão que foi detido por participar de um protesto pacífico e não violento disse à Anistia Internacional que em Sednaya os prisioneiros foram forçados a escolher entre morrer ou matar um de seus parentes ou amigos. O ex-presidiário também afirmou que na primeira prisão em que esteve, os prisioneiros também eram forçados ao canibalismo, mas aquela prisão era "o paraíso" comparada à Prisão de Sednaya. Segundo o recluso, a outra prisão (Secção 215) era para “interrogar” (incluindo através de tortura), mas quando isso era feito, era transferido para Sednaya “para morrer”. Uma grande variedade de práticas de tortura desumanas são realizadas na prisão; desde espancamentos perpétuos, agressões sexuais, decapitações, violações, queimaduras até o que é conhecido como "tapetes voadores". Em 2017, o Departamento de Estado dos EUA alegou que um crematório havia sido construído na prisão para descartar os corpos dos executados. Em 8 de dezembro de 2024, a prisão foi tomada por forças rebeldes enquanto avançavam em direção a Damasco. A administração da prisão concordou em entregar a prisão às forças rebeldes em troca de sua retirada segura. Após a tomada, os reclusos restantes na parte “branca” da prisão de Sednaya foram libertados das instalações e os rebeldes estão a libertar os reclusos na parte “Vermelha” mais profunda da prisão. Sednaya foi considerada a mais notória da rede de prisões do regime de Assad e um símbolo da repressão do regime devido à tortura, agressão sexual e execuções em massa. Referências
Saydnayafängelset

Saydnayafängelset är ett fängelse beläget i Saidnaya, 30 kilometer norr om Damaskus i Syrien. Under syriska inbördeskriget har, med president Assads goda minne, omkring 30 000 regimkritiska personer torterats och avrättats i fängelset. Amnesty International kallar detta förfarande för en "utrotningspolitik". Källor
Talsperre Rastan

Die Talsperre Rastan liegt im Gouvernement Homs, Syrien. Sie staut den Orontes. Die Stadt Rastan liegt flussabwärts in unmittelbarer Nähe der Talsperre. Ungefähr 20 km flussaufwärts befindet sich der See von Homs. Die Talsperre wurde von 1958 bis 1960 errichtet. Sie dient der Bewässerung von ca. 60.000 Hektar. Absperrbauwerk Das Absperrbauwerk ist ein Erdschüttdamm mit einer Höhe von 67 m. Die Länge der Dammkrone beträgt 375 m. An der Basis ist der Damm 230 m und an der Krone 11 m breit. Das Volumen des Bauwerks liegt bei 1,84 Mio. m³. Der Staudamm verfügt über eine Hochwasserentlastung an der linken Seite. Über die Hochwasserentlastung können maximal 1.500 m³/s abgeleitet werden. Stausee Bei Vollstau fasst der Stausee 228 (bzw. 250) Mio. m³ Wasser. Siehe auch Liste von Talsperren der Welt (Syrien) Einzelnachweise
Al-Rastan Dam

Al-Rastan Dam is an embankment dam on the Orontes River in the city of Al-Rastan, Homs Governorate, Syria. It was completed around 1975 with the primary purpose of water storage for irrigation. It was constructed by the Bulgarian firm Hydrostroy along with the Mouhardeh Dam, which is downstream and also on the Orontes. See also Lake Homs Dam – located upstream References
Presa de Al-Rastan

La presa de Al-Rastan es una presa de contención en el río Orontes, en la ciudad de Al-Rastan, provincia de Homs (Siria). Se terminó de construir en 1960 con el objetivo principal fue la irrigación.​ Fue construida por la empresa búlgara Hydrostroy junto con la presa de Mouhardeh, aguas abajo y también en el Orontes.​ Véase también Presa del lago Homs : ubicada río arriba Referencias
Barajul Al-Rastan

Barajul Al-Rastan este un baraj de terasament pe râul Orontes în orașul Al-Rastan, Guvernoratul Homs, Siria. A fost finalizat în 1960 cu scopul principal de irigare A fost construit de firma bulgară Hydrostroy împreună cu Barajul Mahardah, în aval și, de asemenea, pe Orontes. Vezi și Barajul lacului Homs – situat în amonte Referințe
Damascus Securities Exchange

Die Damascus Securities Exchange (DSE) (arabisch سوق دمشق للأوراق المالية, DMG Sūq Dimašq li-l-Awrāq al-Māliyya) ist eine Wertpapierbörse mit Sitz in Damaskus, Syrien. Sie wurde 2009 gegründet und ist die einzige Börse in Syrien. Sie begann mit ihren Räumlichkeiten im Stadtteil Barzeh. Am 10. Mai 2022 zog esie in das Geschäftsviertel Yaafur um. Geschichte Am 1. Oktober 2006 erließ Dr. Al Assad, der Präsident der Arabischen Republik Syrien, das Dekret 55 (Börsengesetz), mit dem ein Markt für den Handel mit Wertpapieren eingerichtet wurde, der als Damascus Securities Exchange (die Börse) bekannt ist. Die Börse ist eine öffentliche Einrichtung. Es finanziert sich selbst, obwohl die Einrichtungskosten und das Defizit größtenteils durch staatliche Darlehen finanziert werden. Ziel ist letztlich die Überführung der Börse in eine Beteiligungsgesellschaft. Der erste offizielle Handel wurde am Dienstag, dem 10. März 2009, gestartet. Mitgliedschaften Die Damascus Securities Exchange ist Mitglied der Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges. Und in der Arab Federation of Capital Markets. Siehe auch Liste der Wertpapierbörsen Weblinks Website Einzelnachweise
Damascus Securities Exchange

The Damascus Securities Exchange (DSE) (Arabic: سوق دمشق للأوراق المالية, romanized: Sūq Dimashq lil-'Awrāq al-Māliyyah) is a stock exchange located in Damascus, Syria. Founded in 2009, it is the only stock exchange in Syria. The Damascus Securities Exchange is a member of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges. It started with its premises in the Barzeh district. On 10 May 2022, it moved to the business district of Yaafour. History Decree No. (55) (Securities Market Law) On 1 October 2006, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad issued Decree No. (55) (Securities Market Law) ("the Decree"), providing for the establishment of a stock market in Syria. The market was to be known as the DSE. This decree stipulated that the market be self-financed, provided that it covers Government deficits. The Decree also provides for the opportunity to convert the market into a joint stock company. The DSE was to be run by a board of directors consisting of 9 members. The Prime Minister was to appoint these members based on recommendations provided by the Syrian Commission on Financial Market & Securities. Official opening The first official trades on the DSE were launched on 10 March 2009. Syrian war According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), between March 2011 when the uprising began, and May 2012, the value of the Syrian pound had fallen 45 percent and the Damascus stock exchange decreased 40 percent. Damascus Securities Exchange closing and reopening (December 2024 - June 2025) On 8 December 2024, the Assad regime collapsed during a major offensive by opposition forces. The stock exchange was closed during the days leading up to the collapse. On 2 June 2025, the stock exchange reopened following a six-month closure. Syrian Finance Minister Mohammed Yisr Barnieh attended the reopening of the market and noted that the exchange “will operate as a private company and serve as a genuine hub for Syria’s economic development, with a strong focus on digital,” The move to reopen the market also comes as international restrictions on Syria's financial systems begin to ease in light of the United States and European nations announcing the lifting of sanctions that were applied to the system under the al-Assad dynasty’s rule. See also Economy of Syria List of stock exchanges References
Bolsa de Damasco

La Bolsa de Damasco (en árabe: سوق دمشق للأوراق المالية‎, romanizado: Sūq Dimashq lil-'Awrāq al-Māliyyah; en inglés: Damascus Securities Exchange, sigla DSE) es una bolsa de valores ubicada en la ciudad de Damasco, capital de Siria. Fundada en 2009, es la única bolsa de valores de Siria. ​ La Bolsa de Valores de Damasco es miembro de la Federación Euroasiática de Bolsas de Valores. ​ Comenzó en una sede en el Distrito de Barzeh. El 10 de mayo de 2022 se trasladó al distrito empresarial de Yaafur. ​​ Historia Las primeras operaciones oficiales se abrieron el martes 10 de marzo de 2009, ​ sin embargo, pronto comenzó una guerra civil. Según el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI), entre marzo de 2011, cuando comenzó el conflicto armado, y mayo de 2012, el valor de la libra siria cayó un 45 por ciento y la Bolsa de Damasco bajó un 40 por ciento. Véase también Economía de Siria Anexo:Bolsas de valores Referencias Enlaces externos Sitio web oficial
Дамасская биржа

Дамасская биржа (англ. Damascus Securities Exchange (DSE), араб. سوق دمشق للأوراق المالية) — фондовая биржа, расположенная в Дамаске, столице Сирии. Основана в 2009 году и является единственной фондовой биржей в Сирии. Дамасская фондовая биржа является членом Федерации Евроазиатских фондовых бирж и Арабской Федерации Бирж. История Подготовка к открытию биржи начались в 2008 году, тогда же был создан сайт биржи. Первые официальные торги были начаты во вторник, 10 марта 2009 года. Тогда на бирже торговалось 6 акций, готовились к размещению ещё 4. Уже в апреле 2009 года Дамасская биржа стала членом Арабской Федерации Бирж. По данным Международного валютного фонда, с марта 2011 года, когда началась гражданская война, по май 2012 года стоимость сирийского фунта упала на 45 %, а индекс Дамасской фондовой биржи — почти на 40 %. В настоящий момент на Дамасской бирже торгуются ценные бумаги более двух десятков компаний, в основном это банки, финансовые и страховые организации, но есть также промышленные и сельскохозяйственные компании, компании сферы услуг и телекоммуникаций. В феврале 2021 года индекс Дамасской фондовой биржи (DWX) достиг самого высокого с момента открытия биржи уровня в 10,035.91 пункта. Время торгов Дамасская биржа работает с воскресенья по четверг, пятница и суббота — выходные. Торги ведутся с 11:00 до 13:00 по местному времени (UTC+3). Примечания
Idlib Museum

Idlib Museum (Arabic: متحف إدلب) is an archaeological museum located in the city of Idlib in northwestern Syria. The museum was founded in 1989 and holds a significant collection of artifacts, most notably the clay tablets from what the museum calls the Royal Archive of Ebla, carefully preserved for study, and they have reshaped much of what is known about the ancient Near East. Collection highlights Idlib Museum preserves a collection from the ancient city of Ebla, located near Saraqib, a kingdom that thrived thousands of years ago. Among the artifacts are basalt steles, pottery jars, mosaics, and clay figurines. The museum also holds a collection of Islamic artifacts, in addition to artifacts from the Roman and Byzantine periods. The most notable items in the museum are the cuneiform tablets, often referred to as the Ebla Royal Archives. These tablets, discovered in 1964 by an Italian archaeological mission led by Paolo Matthiae, have revealed significant historical data dating back to 5000 BC. The museum also houses a wide range of items from Syria's ancient history, including 12,000-year-old artifacts. War damage and preservation The museum first closed in 2013 due to the escalation of the Syrian civil war, during which it suffered from looting and bombings. Despite this, opposition groups reopened the museum in 2018, supervised by a local civilian group called the Idlib Antiquities Center, which restored two galleries for visitors. Idlib Museum has endured substantial damage during the conflict. It was directly hit by shelling in 2015 and again in 2017, causing significant structural damage. Further harm occurred from the aftermath of the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes, leading to cracks in the museum's walls. Current challenges The museum remains open but struggles with a lack of support and the absence of tourists due to ongoing instability. Local visitors, including school and university students, are the primary audience. Efforts continue to raise awareness of the museum's importance and advocate for increased protection and restoration of Syria's cultural heritage. Sell also List of museums in Syria References Notes
Museo di Idlib

Il museo di Idlib (in arabo مَتْحَف إِدْلِب‎?, Matḥaf Idlib) è un museo archeologico localizzato nella città di Idlib, nella Siria nord occidentale. Il museo è stato fondato nel 1989 e ospita una significativa collezione di manufatti, in particolare le tavolette d'argilla provenienti da quello che il museo chiama l'Archivio Reale di Ebla, accuratamente conservate per lo studio, che hanno rimodellato gran parte di ciò che si conosce dell'antico Vicino Oriente. Punti salienti della collezione Il Museo di Idlib conserva una collezione proveniente dall'antica città di Ebla, situata nei pressi di Saraqib, un regno che prosperò migliaia di anni fa. Tra i reperti vi sono stele di basalto, giare di ceramica, mosaici e statuette di argilla. Il museo ospita anche una collezione di manufatti islamici, oltre a reperti del periodo romano e bizantino. Gli oggetti più notevoli del museo sono le tavolette cuneiformi, spesso chiamate Archivi reali di Ebla. Queste tavolette, scoperte nel 1964 da una missione archeologica italiana guidata da Paolo Matthiae, hanno rivelato dati storici significativi che risalgono al 5000 a.C. Il museo ospita anche una vasta gamma di oggetti della storia antica della Siria, tra cui manufatti risalenti a 12.000 anni fa. Danni di guerra e conservazione Il museo chiuse per la prima volta nel 2013 a causa dell'escalation della guerra civile siriana, durante la quale subì saccheggi e bombardamenti. Nonostante ciò, i gruppi di opposizione hanno riaperto il museo nel 2018, sotto la supervisione di un gruppo civile locale chiamato Idlib Antiquities Center, che ha restaurato due gallerie per consentirne la visita. Il Museo di Idlib ha subito danni ingenti durante il conflitto. È stato direttamente colpito dai bombardamenti nel 2015 e nuovamente nel 2017, causando ingenti danni strutturali. Ulteriori danni si sono verificati in seguito ai terremoti del 2023 tra Turchia e Siria, che hanno portato alla formazione di crepe nei muri del museo. Sfide attuali Il museo rimane aperto, ma deve fare i conti con la mancanza di supporto e l'assenza di turisti a causa della persistente instabilità. Il pubblico principale è costituito da visitatori locali, tra cui studenti delle scuole e università. Continuano gli sforzi per aumentare la consapevolezza dell'importanza del museo e per sostenere una maggiore protezione e restauro del patrimonio culturale della Siria. Note
Al-Fayhaa Sports Complex

Al-Fayhaa Sports Complex (Arabic: مَدِينَة ٱلْفَيْحَاء ٱلرِّيَاضِيَّة, romanized: Madīnat al-Fayḥāʾ ar-Riyāḍīyah), is a football training facility opened in 1976, serving as the headquarters of the Syrian Arab Federation for Football as well as the official training centre of the Syrian football team. It is located in the municipal district of al-Salihiyah at the heart of Damascus, the capital of Syria. Overview Occupying and area of 250,000 m2, al-Fayhaa Sports Complex was opened in 1976 to host the 5th Pan Arab Games of 1976. The complex is home to the following facilities: Al-Fayhaa Stadium, is the main football stadium of the complex, able to hold up to 12,000 spectators. Regular-sized training pitch with natural grass. Regular-sized training pitch with artificial turf. Olympic swimming and diving complex, and indoor swimming pool. Al-Fayhaa Sports Arena, for basketball, handball and volleyball, with a seating capacity of 6000 spectators. The ball-shaped building of the Syrian Arab Federation for Football. References
Al Mouwasat University Hospital

Al-Mouwasat University Hospital (Arabic: مستشفى المواساة الجامعي, romanized: Mustašfā al-Mawāsāt al-Jāmiʿī) was founded on 1958 in Damascus, Syria. It is mainly composed of four buildings: Administration Building, Emergency and Out-Patient Clinics Building and the Physician Residence Building, alongside those building there is the Cardiovascular Surgery Building. The hospital's working team consists of 1,700 Doctors and 3,500 Nurses. In the scientific research of faculty of medicine at Damascus University including Al-Mouwasat University Hospital, there are improving of the oncology research. The cancer and oncology research at faculty of medicine increases during Syrian crisis. Description The hospital contains 820 beds distributed into the following medical sections and devices: Specialized and general surgery section: General Surgery Orthopedic Surgery Neurosurgery Vascular Surgery Thoracic Surgery Urosurgery Burns and Plastic Surgery Specialized and general internal medicine section: Gastro Intestinal Thoracic Cardiology Arthritis Infectious Diseases Neurology Endocrinology Kidney Hematology Psychology Physiotherapy Radiology / X-ray section: CT Scan Unit X-ray Unit MRI Unit Mamo-graph Unit Echo Unit Emergency X-ray Unit Otic section: Ear Diseases and Cranial Base Surgery Unit Nose and Sinus Diseases Surgery (including endoscopic) Throat, Face, and Neck Diseases Surgery (including tumors) Ophthalmology: Glaucoma Unit Retina and Vitreous Unit Orbital Cavity Cataract Clinic Laboratories Intensive care unit Specialized outpatient clinics Central emergency See also Faculty of Medicine of Damascus University References External links Al Mouwasat University Hospital on Facebook
Abteilung für politische Sicherheit

Die Abteilung für politische Sicherheit (auch Direktion für politische Sicherheit; arabisch شعبة الأمن السياسي, DMG Šuʿbat al-amn as-siyāsī) war von 1971 bis 2024 ein Nachrichtendienst Syriens. Sie war formell Teil des syrischen Innenministeriums. Die Abteilung für politische Sicherheit ist verantwortlich für Die Überwachung nationaler und internationaler Medien Die Überwachung der politischen Opposition und von Dissidenten Die Überwachung der im Land befindlichen Ausländer und deren Beziehungen zu Syrern Zudem unterhält der Dienst eigene Haftanstalten für politische Gefangene. Der Behördenleiter war von 1987 bis 2002 Generalmajor Adnan Badr Hasan. Er ist Alawit (Nusairier) und stammt aus der Stadt Homs. Ab 2012 war Rostom Ghazale der Leiter. Weblinks „Le rapport Mehlis : la Syrie et de hauts responsables libanais officiellement impliqués dans l’assassinat de Rafic Hariri“ (Memento vom 13. Januar 2006 im Internet Archive), esisc.org, 21. Oktober 2005 Österreichisches Bundesministerium für Inneres: Verfassungsschutzbericht 2004 (Memento vom 17. Juni 2006 im Internet Archive). (PDF-Datei, 254 kB) Einzelnachweise