NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Dutch Reformed Church, Kalpitiya

The Dutch Reformed Church (also known as St Peter's Kerk) is located between the Dutch fort and the village of Kalpitiya. The church was built by the Dutch in 1706 and is a smaller version of the church in the Matara fort. It is one of the oldest Protestant churches in the country. History Kalpitiya was originally known by the ancient Tamils as Kav Putti, and was a popular hub for Arab merchants. In the early 16th century the Portuguese invaded the area, naming the area Kardiv Island. The King of Portugal bestowing the territory to the Jesuits, who built a chapel here, establishing a small garrison to defend it. In an effort to free the port from the Portuguese the King of Kandy, King Rasjasinha II, sought assistance from the Dutch, who in 1659 conquered the area but did not return it to the King, instead they commenced construction of a fort in 1667, which was completed in 1676. Kalpitiya was strategically important for the Dutch East India Company (VOC), as it enabled them to control the external trade of the Kingdom of Kandy, by controlling the large Muslim trading community in the area. The Dutch called the town Calpentyn or Calpetty, occupying the fort there until the end of the 18th century. They also built a small church, with a similar character to the church in Matara. When the British invaded Ceylon, the Dutch soldiers and officials were recalled to Colombo, as a result the British found the fort empty except for a Dutch administrative officer, who promptly surrendered the fort to them. In the beginning of the 1800s when most of the Dutch left the island services at the church stopped. The church was subsequently used by Anglican missionaries. The building was renovated around 1840, when a semi-circular porch with brick and plaster pillars with Corinthian capitals was added, together with three spires on its front gable. The roof of the church has since collapsed. The belfry is original and is similar to the ones found in Galle and Colombo. Around the turn of the century the bell from the belfry, along with all the furniture from the church, was removed to an Anglican church in Puttalam. The original Dutch tombstones can still be found on the church's floor. For a long time the church fell under the management of the Archaeological Department of Sri Lanka. In December 2010 formal ownership of the church was returned to the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC). Renovation of the building is proposed to be undertaken as part of the religious and cultural development of Kalpitiya. References External links Official website General Consistory - Dutch Reformed Church in Sri Lanka; Franciscus, S. Douglas (Ed) (1983). Faith of our Fathers: History of the Dutch Reformed Church in Sri Lanka (Ceylon). Pragna Publishers.
Barberyn Lighthouse

p4 Barberyn Lighthouse ist ein Leuchtturm (englisch Lighthouse) in der Westprovinz von Sri Lanka. Er steht auf der Insel Barberyn, die zum Stadtgebiet von Beruwala gehört. Aus diesem Grund ist das Leuchtfeuer national als Beruwala Lighthouse (singhalesisch බේරුවල ප්‍රදීපාගාරය) bekannt. Der 34 m hohe Turm aus Granit wurde während der britischen Kolonialzeit errichtet. Über das Baujahr gibt es zwei unterschiedliche Angaben: 1890 und 1928. Das Leuchtfeuer hat eine Feuerhöhe von 46 m und zeigt als Kennung einen weißen Blitz mit einer Wiederkehr von 20 Sekunden. Der Betrieb wird durch fünf Leuchtfeuerwärter gewährleistet, die in benachbarten Gebäuden auf der sonst unbewohnten Insel leben. Siehe auch Liste von Leuchttürmen in Asien Weblinks Beruwala Lighthouse. Amazing Lanka; abgerufen am 11. November 2019 (englisch). Einzelnachweise
Barberyn Lighthouse

Barberyn Lighthouse (also known as Beruwala Lighthouse) is a lighthouse located on Barberyn Island. Barberyn Island a 3.25 ha (8.0 acres) island situated 0.8 km (0.50 mi) offshore from the town of Beruwala on the south-west coast of Sri Lanka, 56 km (35 mi) south of Colombo.The lighthouse is a 34 m (112 ft) high round white conical granite tower. The lighthouse was completed in November 1889, and operated by the Imperial Lighthouse Service. In 1969 it was upgraded with the replacement of the old dioptric apparatus (produced by Chance Brothers) and with a pedestal rotating beacon (Pharos Marine PRB-21 sealed beam optic and drive pedestal). It was further modernised in 2000, with the introduction of a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) and is computer linked to the other major lighthouses around the country. The Barberyn Lighthouse is one of the four international lighthouses in Sri Lanka. See also List of lighthouses in Sri Lanka References External links
National Water Supply and Drainage Board

The National Water Supply and Drainage Board (commonly abbreviated as NWSDB) is the National Organization responsible for the provision of safe drinking water and facilitating the provision of sanitation to the people in Sri Lanka. The organization had its beginning as a subdepartment under the Public Works Department for water supply and drainage. In 1965, it became a division under the Ministry of Local Government. From 1970, this division functioned as a separate department under the Ministry of Irrigation, Power and Highways and remained so until the present board was established in January 1975 by an act of Parliament of Sri Lanka. The main functions of the National Water Supply & Drainage Board (NWSDB), which presently functions under the Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage, are operation and maintenance of water supply and sewerage schemes, implementation of new urban and rural water supply projects, carrying out sector planning, feasibility studies, detailed designs, tender documentation, contract administration, project supervision, and research and development work in the water and sanitation sector. Regional Support Centers (RSC's) National Water Supply and Drainage Board consists of 12 regional support centres based in 9 provinces of Sri Lanka. Western Central Western North Western South Western Production Central Southern North Central Northern North Western Sabaragamuwa Uva Eastern See also Biyagama Water Treatment Plant References External links Official website
Kalpitiya fort

Kalpitiya Fort (Sinhala: කල්පිටිය බලකොටුව Kalpitiya Balakotuwa; Tamil: கற்பிட்டிக் கோட்டை, romanized: Kaṟpiṭṭik Kōṭṭai) was built by the Dutch between 1667 and 1676. Kalpitiya was important as it commands the entrance to the adjacent bay, Puttalam Lagoon. The surrounding Puttalam area was one of the major cinnamon cultivation areas in Sri Lanka. The Dutch even constructed a canal from Puttalam via Negombo to Colombo to transport cinnamon from the area. History Kalpitiya was known by the ancient Tamils as Kav Putti and was a popular hub for Arab merchants. In 1544 the Portuguese invaded the area, naming the area Kardiv Island. The King of Portugal bestowing the territory to the Jesuits, who built a chapel here, established a small garrison to defend it. In an effort to free the port from the Portuguese the King of Kandy, King Rasjasinha II, sought assistance from the Dutch, who in 1659 conquered the area but did not return it to the King. Instead, they commenced construction of a fort in 1667, which was completed in 1676. Kalpitiya was strategically important for the Dutch East India Company (VOC), as it enabled them to control the external trade of the Kingdom of Kandy, by controlling the large Muslim trading community in the area. The fort is nearly square in shape, with walls about 4 m (13 ft) high, constructed out of coral and limestone from the surrounding area. It has a single entrance, which fronts the lagoon, which has a pediment, with a belfry above and looks like the entrance to a church. The yellow bricks that comprise the entrance arch were reportedly brought especially from Holland. The story is that the King of Kandy had granted permission only to build a church here and that the Dutch had built the arch to mislead the King into believing that this was simply a fortified church. Kalpitiya Fort has four bastions on each corner, each with its own guard post, with two smaller bastions facing the lagoon. Inside, the buildings are located around the periphery creating an empty space in the middle of the fort. The walls of a chapel, barracks, dining hall, commander's residence and prison are still evident, though the roofs have been replaced. There were two tunnels leading away from the fort — one led to the sea and the other to the Dutch Reformed Church approximately 400 m (1,300 ft) outside the fort. These tunnels are blocked and are inaccessible. In 1795 the fort was surrendered to the British. The British continued with their military occupation of the Kalpitiya Fort till 1859. Kalpitiya fort was neglected for many years until it was turned into a Sri Lankan Navy base for training and operational activity during the escalation of the Sri Lankan Civil War. The ramparts are in good condition today. See also Forts of Sri Lanka Further reading Nelson, W. A.; de Silva, Rajpal Kumar (2004). The Dutch Forts of Sri Lanka - The Military Monuments of Ceylon. Sri Lanka Netherlands Association. Lewcock, Ronald; Sansoni, Barbara; Senanayake, Laki (1998). The Architecture of an Island - The Living Heritage of Sri Lanka. Barefoot (Pvt) Ltd. ISBN 9789559466000. References
Форт Калпития

Форт Калпити́я (синг. කල්පිටිය බලකොටුව; там. கற்பிட்டிக் கோட்டை) построен голландцами между 1667 и 1676 годами. Форт имел важное значение, так как охранял проход в лагуну Путталам. Окружающая лагуну местность была одним из основных районов выращивания корицы на Шри-Ланке. Голландцы даже построили судоходный канал из Путталама через Негомбо в Коломбо для транспортировки корицы. История Калпития была известна древним тамилам под названием Кав Путти и являлась известным центром торговли с арабскими купцами. В 1544 году португальцы захватили район, дав ему название «остров Кардив». Король Португалии передал территорию иезуитам, которые построили здесь церковь и учредили небольшой гарнизон для её защиты. Пытаясь освободить порт от португальцев король Канди Расджасингха II попросил помощи голландцев, которые в 1659 году отвоевали район, но так и не вернули его королю Канди. Вместо этого они в 1667 году начали возведение форта, который завершили в 1676 году. Калпития был стратегически важен для Голландской Ост-Индской компании, поскольку давал контроль над внешней торговлей Королевства Канди, посредством контроля большого мусульманского торгового сообщества в районе. Форт в плане почти квадратный, со стенами высотой 4 метра, построен из коралла и песчаника, добытых в окружающей местности. Он имел единственный вход, обращённый к лагуне, был украшен фронтоном, над которым была сторожевая башня, что делало его похожим на вход в церковь. Кирпичи жёлтого цвета во входной арке, по сообщениям, специально привезены из Голландии. По легенде, король Канди дал разрешение на постройку здесь только церкви и голландцы специально построили арку, чтобы король подумал будто это всего лишь укреплённая церковь. В каждом углу форта располагается бастион, каждый со своим караульным постом, ещё два меньших бастиона обращены к лагуне. Внутри форта здания расположены по периметру, образуя пустое пространство в середине. Стены церкви, казарм, столовой, резиденции командующего и тюрьмы сохранились, хотя крыши заменены. Есть два тоннеля, ведущие из форта, — один ведёт к морю, другой — к Голландской реформистской церкви приблизительно в 400 метрах за пределами форта. Сейчас эти тоннели заблокированы и недоступны для посещения. В 1795 году форт сдался англичанам. Английские войска занимали форт Калпития до 1859 года. Форт был заброшен много лет пока Военно-морские силы Шри-Ланки не превратили его в тренировочную базу и оперативный штаб в ходе Гражданской войны на Шри-Ланке. Сегодня крепостные стены в хорошем состоянии. Примечания
Chunnakam railway station

Chunnakam railway station (Tamil: சுன்னாகம் தொடருந்து நிலையம் Cuṉṉākam toṭaruntu nilaiyam) is a railway station in the town of Chunnakam in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2015 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Jaffna and Kankesanthurai was re-opened on 2 January 2015. Services The following train services are available from/to the station: References
Inuvil railway station

Inuvil railway station (Tamil: இணுவில் தொடருந்து நிலையம் Iṇuvil toṭaruntu nilaiyam) is a railway station in the village of Inuvil in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2015 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Jaffna and Kankesanthurai was re-opened on 2 January 2015. Services The following train services are available from/to the station: References
Mallakam railway station

Mallakam railway station (Tamil: மல்லாகம் தொடருந்து நிலையம் Mallākam toṭaruntu nilaiyam, Sinhala: මල්ලකම් දුම්රිය ස්ථානය) is a railway station in the town of Mallakam in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2015 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Jaffna and Kankesanthurai was re-opened on 2 January 2015. Services The following train services are available from/to the station: References
Tellippalai railway station

Tellippalai railway station (Tamil: தெல்லிப்பழை தொடருந்து நிலையம் Tellippaḻai toṭaruntu nilaiyam) is a railway station in the town of Tellippalai in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2015 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Jaffna and Kankesanthurai was re-opened on 2 January 2015. Services The following train services are available from/to the station: References
Maduwanwela Walawwa

Maduwanwela Walawwa is a walawwa located in Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka. The Walawwa is in the town of Maduwanwela, which lies between Embilipitiya and Rakwana, approximately 207 km (129 mi) from Colombo. History Maduwanwela Walawwa dates back to the reign of King Vimaladharmasuriya II (1687-1707 AD). It was built by Maduwanwela Maha Mohottala in the 1700s and was expanded numerous times by the Maduwanwela family until 1905 when the final expansion was undertaken by Maduwanwela Maha Disawe. Building Between 1877 and 1905, Maduwanwela Walawwa had 121 rooms, 21 inner courtyards (Meda Midula) and encompassed 32,000 hectares (80,000 acres) of surrounding land. Today, only 43 rooms remain. Within its grounds stands a courthouse with seating for 100 people, along with original furniture and punishment equipment still preserved. After the death of Maduwanwela Maha Disawe, the last of the Maduwanwela family, the walawwa was transferred to Sir Francis Molamure. In 1974, the Maduwanwela Walawwa and its estate, the Maduwanwela Nandigama Watte was taken over to the state by the Land Reform Commission and placed under the administration of the Department of Archaeology as a museum. In 2023, the Government of Sri Lanka leased 35 ha (87 acres) of the estate to Ceylon Tobacco Company for forest farming. References External links Maduwanwela Walawwa, Amazing Lanka Maduwanwela Walawwa, Sri Lanka Heritages
Jetavanaramaya

Il Jetavanaramaya è un edificio religioso situato tra le rovine del monastero di Jetavana nella città di Anuradhapura, in Sri Lanka. Descrizione Con un'altezza 122 metri era la stupa più alto del mondo e la terza struttura più alta del mondo quando fu costruito dal re Mahasena di Anuradhapura (273–301). Circa 93,3 milioni di mattoni cotti furono usati per la sua edificazione. Questo stupa appartiene alla setta Sagalika. Il complesso si estende per circa 5,6 ettari e si stima che abbia ospitato 10 000 monaci buddisti. Un lato dello stupa è lungo 176 m, e le rampe di scale su ciascuno dei quattro lati sono larghe 9 m. Lo stipite del santuario, che si trova nel cortile, è alto 8 m. La stupa ha una fondazione profonda 8,5 m e si trova su un substrato roccioso. Note Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Jetavanaramaya
Jetavanaramaya

De Jetavanaramaya is een boeddhistische stoepa, gebouwd op de ruïnes van het Jetavana-klooster in de heilige stad Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. De Stoepa Koning Mahasen (273-301) komt de eer toe de stichter te zijn van de grootste stoepa van Ceylon. De aanleiding tot de bouw ervan is een stuk riem of sjerp van de Boeddha waarvan men aanneemt dat het hier bewaard werd. Met een oorspronkelijke hoogte van meer dan 120 meter was het na de stoepa van Wat Phra Pathom Chedi, Thailand, het grootste gebouw ooit in baksteen opgetrokken. Het was bij de bouw na de twee grootste piramiden van Gizeh ook het derde grootste bouwwerk op aarde. Ongeveer 93.300.000 gebakken stenen werden er in verwerkt (Ratnayake 1993). De stoepa behoort toe aan de Sagalika-sekte. Het complex beslaat ongeveer 5,6 hectare en was ooit het tehuis van meer dan 3000 boeddhistische monniken. De tegenwoordige hoogte van de stoepa is 71 meter. De zijde van de stoepa is 176 meter lang. Externe link Discover Sri Lanka - Meer informatie en afbeeldingen over Jetavana Dagaba
Kande Vihara

Kande Vihara (Sinhalaː කන්දේ විහාරය) is a major Buddhist temple in Kalutara District, Sri Lanka. The temple has got its name 'Kande vihara' (Mountain temple) as it is built on top of a hill located near to Aluthgama town. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka. History The temple was founded by Karapagala Dewamitta Thero in 1734, under the guidance of Udugama Chandrasara thero who was then chief incumbent of Galapatha Raja Maha Vihara and a pupil of Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero. Since then the temple was renovated and developed time to time under state patronage that lead the temple to become a major Buddhist shrine in the country. In 1904 the Kshethrarama Pirivena, an educational institution for monks, was attached to the temple as a result of the efforts done by Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thero. The pirivena acts as a center for Buddhist education in the country, is also conducted by the Kande Vihara. The image house, Stupa and the sacred Bodhi tree with its enclosing octagonal shaped wall are considered as very old monuments in the temple. The Bodhi tree is believed to be more than 300 years old. The large Stupa of the temple which was erected in 1935, has been constructed as enclosing a small sized Stupa, constructed by Udugama Chandrasara Thero in 1783. In 2002, a foundation stone for a gigantic Samadhi Buddha statue depicting the Bhoomisparsha Mudra was laid in the temple premises and the completed statue was open to the public in 2007, making the temple more popular among the local devotees. The statue is 48.8 m (160 ft) in height and considered as one of tallest sitting Buddha statues in the world. The temple The temple comprises the Stupa, Bodhi Tree, Relic Chamber, Image House, Upulvan Devalaya and the other main Devalas including Kataragama and Pattini Devalaya. Bodhi Tree, preaching hall and the Seema Malaka are situated outside the Vihara premises. The Stupa has been built in bell shape and erected within an octagonal Shelter. The relic chamber of the temple is believed to be the oldest building in the temple premises. At the entrance of the chamber is sculptured with a stone moonstone and a door frame. Inner walls and the ceiling of the chamber has been adorned with Kandyan Era Frescoes belonging to the latter part of the Kandyan period. The image house of the temple is consist of an inner chamber and an outer chamber. Entrance to the image house is a magnetic looking Thorana with three arch shaped entrances. Inside the inner chamber three Buddha images in the standing, seated and sleeping postures can be seen. The walls and the ceilings of both chambers have been decorated with Jataka tales, moments of the Buddha's journey of life and various types of other murals. See also List of Archaeological Protected Monuments in Sri Lanka References Sources
Kande Vihara

Kande Vihara (cingalés කන්දේ විහාරය) es un importante templo budista en el distrito de Kalutara, Sri Lanka. Recibe el nombre de 'Kande Vihara' (templo de montaña) porque está construido en la cima de una colina ubicada cerca de la ciudad de Aluthgama. Ha sido reconocido oficialmente por el gobierno de Sri Lanka como sitio arqueológico. Historia Fue fundado por Karapagala Dewamitta Thero en 1734,​ bajo la dirección de Udugama Chandrasara Thero, quien entonces era el principal dirigente del templo Galapatha Raja Maha Vihara y alumno de Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero. Desde entonces, el templo fue renovado y desarrollado bajo el patrocinio estatal, lo que lo llevó a convertirse en un importante santuario budista del país. En 1904, el Kshethrarama Pirivena, una institución educativa para monjes, se adjuntó al templo como resultado de los esfuerzos realizados por Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thero,​ que hizo de este templo un centro estatal de aprendizaje budista. La casa de la imagen, la estupa y el árbol sagrado Bodhi, rodeados por un muro octogonal, se consideran monumentos muy antiguos del templo. Se cree que el árbol Bodhi tiene más de 300 años.​ En 1935 se construyó la gran estupa del templo para encerrar una estupa más pequeña, construida por Udugama Chandrasara Thero en 1783.​ En 2002, se colocó la primera piedra de una gigantesca estatua del Buda Samadhi, representando la posición de mudra, en las instalaciones del templo y se inauguró al público en 2007, lo que hizo que el templo fuera más popular entre los devotos locales. La estatua mide 48,8 metros​ de altura y se considerada como una de las estatuas de Buda sentado más altas del mundo.​ El templo El templo comprende la estupa, el árbol Bodhi, la cámara de reliquias, la casa de la imagen, el Upulvan Devalaya y los otros Devalas principales, incluidos el Kataragama y Pattini Devalaya.​ El árbol Bodhi, la sala de predicación y el Seema Malaka están situados fuera de las instalaciones del Vihara. La estupa ha sido construida en forma de campana y erigida dentro de un refugio octogonal. Se cree que la cámara de reliquias del templo es el edificio más antiguo del recinto.​ En la entrada de la cámara hay una losa de piedra lunar esculpida y un marco de puerta. Las paredes interiores y el techo de la cámara han sido adornados con frescos de la época de Kandy que pertenecen a la última parte del reino de Kandy. La casa de imágenes del templo consta de una cámara interior y una cámara exterior, y la entrada es una Torana con forma de imán con tres entradas en forma de arco. En el interior de la cámara interior se pueden ver tres imágenes de Buda en posturas de pie, sentada y durmiendo. Las paredes y los techos de ambas cámaras han sido decorados con historias de Jataka, momentos del viaje de la vida de Buda y varios tipos de otros murales.[cita requerida] Véase también Buda de Kande Vihara Referencias Enlaces externos