NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Incendio di Johannesburg del 2023

L'incendio di Johannesburg del 2023 è un incendio avvenuto il 31 agosto 2023, intorno all'01:30, in un edificio abbandonato occupato illegalmente a Johannesburg, in Sudafrica; 77 persone sono state uccise e altre 88 sono rimaste ferite. È stato uno degli incendi più mortali nella storia del Sudafrica. L'edificio L'edificio, situato al civico 80 di Albert Street, fu costruito nel 1954 come sede centrale del Dipartimento per gli Affari Non-Europei di Johannesburg. Dal 1994 l'edificio ha ospitato un ricovero per donne, poi denominato Ricovero per donne di Usindiso. Nel 2019, le attività pubbliche all'interno dell'edificio vennero spostate in quanto occupato da abusivi e ritenuto non sicuro. L'edificio è contrassegnato da una targa storica che ne racconta la storia. Incendio Controllato da gang criminali, l'edificio era occupato illegalmente da circa 400 persone povere, molte delle quali cittadini stranieri, migranti economici e richiedenti asilo, a cui veniva addebitato l'affitto dalle bande. Al momento non è nota la causa dell'incendio. Il fuoco si è diffuso nell'edificio, intrappolando molte persone a causa delle fragili partizioni e dei cancelli tra le stanze improvvisate costruite dai residenti. Molti residenti si sono lanciati dalle finestre dell'edificio per scappare, alcuni dei quali non sono sopravvissuti al salto. I vigili del fuoco hanno trovato corpi ammucchiati dove erano morti davanti a un cancello chiuso a chiave al piano terra mentre cercavano di uscire dall'edificio in fiamme. Conseguenze L'incendio ha attirato l'attenzione sulle centinaia di edifici occupati nel centro di Johannesburg. Si tratta di edifici tipicamente sovraffollati, abitati da persone povere ed emarginate, tra cui un gran numero di migranti privi di documenti. Alcuni residenti sopravvissuti all'incendio si sono rifiutati di salire a bordo degli autobus per essere trasferiti in alloggi di emergenza nelle sale comunitarie dopo l'incendio, temendo che il trasferimento sarebbe stato utilizzato dai funzionari come scusa per la deportazione e non essendo disposti a lasciare dietro di sé i resti dei loro averi all'interno dell'edificio bruciato. Risposta Il presidente Cyril Ramaphosa ha visitato il luogo della tragedia il 31 agosto, definendolo un "campanello d'allarme". Il premier del Gauteng Panyaza Lesufi ha annunciato un'inchiesta sull'incendio. Mentre i funzionari governativi hanno attribuito la situazione alle ONG, che avevano impedito i precedenti tentativi di sfrattare gli occupanti da proprietà simili, le ONG e i proprietari privati di edifici occupati nei centri urbani hanno sostenuto che era dovere della città di Johannesburg mantenere gli edifici, fornire servizi e far rispettare le norme di sicurezza. I tribunali del Sudafrica hanno costantemente stabilito che gli sfratti non possono procedere a meno che non venga fornito un alloggio alternativo ai sensi delle disposizioni della legge sulla prevenzione degli sfratti illegali del 1998. Note Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Incendio di Johannesburg del 2023
Pożar bloku w Johannesburgu

Pożar bloku w Johannesburgu – pożar, który wybuchł 31 sierpnia 2023 roku w Johannesburgu, największym mieście w Południowej Afryce. W wyniku pożaru nielegalnie zamieszkiwanego budynku, śmierć poniosło 77 osób, a 88 zostały ranne. Był to najtragiczniejszy pożar w historii Południowej Afryki. Historia Pożar miał miejsce w Central Business District, w pięciopiętrowym opuszczonym bloku będącym własnością władz miasta. Blok został wybudowany w 1954 roku i pierwotnie mieściła się w nim siedziba główna Departamentu Spraw Pozaeuropejskich Johannesburga. W 1994 roku otwarto w nim dom dla samotnych matek. Budynek zamknięto w 2019 roku. W dniu pożaru był on nielegalnie zamieszkiwany przez aż 200 osób – wiele z nich to osoby ubogie, bezdomne, a także migranci zarobkowi przybyli z ubogiej prowincji kraju. Aby w budynku pomieściło się więcej osób, prowizorycznie utworzono niewielkie pokoje. Pożar wybuchł 31 sierpnia 2023 roku we wczesnych godzinach porannych, a jego przyczyna nie jest obecnie znana. Ogień szybko rozprzestrzenił się po całym budynku, odcinając drogę ucieczki wielu osobom. Spanikowani mieszkańcy, chcąc uciec, wyskakiwali z okien budynku, a część z nich nie przeżyła skoku. Strażacy znaleźli zwłoki kilkudziesięciu osób przy zamkniętej bramie głównej na parterze. Wśród ofiar znalazło się 12 dzieci. Po pożarze, wielu mieszkańców bloku, w obawie przed bezdomnością zadeklarowało chęć jego dalszego zamieszkiwania. Przypisy
Incêndio em Joanesburgo em 2023

Em 31 de agosto de 2023, por volta da 01h30 SAST, um incêndio atingiu um edifício em Joanesburgo, África do Sul, matando 77 pessoas e ferindo outras 88. Foi um dos incêndios mais mortíferos da história da África do Sul. Eventos O incêndio ocorreu no centro de Joanesburgo, num edifício abandonado de cinco andares na esquina das ruas Delvers e Albert, que estava ocupado por cerca de 400 pessoas empobrecidas, muitas delas cidadãos estrangeiros, migrantes econômicos e requerentes de asilo. O incêndio começou nas primeiras horas da manhã do dia 31 de agosto de 2023 e a causa do incêndio não é conhecida atualmente. Ele se espalhou pelo prédio, prendendo muitas pessoas devido às frágeis divisórias e portões entre salas improvisadas construídas pelos moradores. Muitos moradores pularam das janelas do prédio para escapar, alguns dos quais não sobreviveram ao salto. Os bombeiros encontraram corpos empilhados onde morreram, em um portão trancado no térreo, enquanto tentavam sair do prédio em chamas. O edifício O edifício, 80 Albert Street, foi construído em 1954 como sede do Departamento de Assuntos Não Europeus de Joanesburgo, servindo como Escritório de Passes para fazer cumprir as leis de passes que controlam o movimento de pessoas negras para Joanesburgo sob o sistema de apartheid. A partir de 1994, o prédio abrigou um abrigo para mulheres, mais tarde denominado Abrigo Feminino de Usindiso. Em 2019, uma clínica instalada no edifício foi realocada pelo MMC para Saúde e Desenvolvimento Social Mpho Phalatse, uma vez que o edifício estava ocupado por invasores e considerado inseguro. Resposta O incêndio chamou a atenção para as centenas de edifícios sequestrados no centro de Joanesburgo, normalmente sobrelotados e não regulamentados e habitados por pessoas empobrecidas e marginalizadas, incluindo inúmeros migrantes indocumentados para o centro econômico da África do Sul, Joanesburgo. O presidente Cyril Ramaphosa visitou o local da tragédia, que classificou um "sinal de alerta". O primeiro-ministro Panyaza Lesufi anunciou um inquérito sobre o incêndio. Enquanto as ONG e os proprietários de propriedades no centro da cidade acusam as autoridades municiapis de Joanesburgo de negligenciar os seus edifícios e de não prestar serviços e aplicar regulamentos de segurança, membros do governo municipal culpam as ONG por ações judiciais que contestam com sucesso as tentativas anteriores da cidade de expulsar posseiros de propriedades semelhantes. Alguns moradores que sobreviveram ao incêndio recusaram-se a embarcar nos ônibus disponibilizados para serem transferidos para alojamentos de emergência em centros comunitários, temendo que a recolocação fosse usada pelas autoridades como pretexto para a deportação e não querendo abandonar o resto de seus pertences no prédio queimado. Ver também Incêndio da Montanha da Mesa em 2021 Referências
Пожар в Йоханнесбурге (2023)

31 августа 2023 года пожар охватил здание в Йоханнесбурге, Южная Африка, в результате чего погибли 77 человек и более 50 пострадали; около 300 человек (141 квартира) оказались без крыши над головой. Пожар начался около 1:30 ночи. Он стал одним из самых сильных пожаров в Южной Африке. Пожар произошёл в Центральном деловом районе в пятиэтажном заброшенном здании на углу улиц Делверс и Альберт, которое использовалось в качестве неофициального жилья бездомными. По словам очевидцев, в здании проживало до 200 человек. Член совета Мгчини Тсваку сообщила, что перегородки и ворота внутри здания не позволили людям спастись. Примечания
Пожежа будівлі в Йоганнесбурзі (2023)

31 серпня 2023 року близько 01:30 SAST пожежа охопила будівлю в Йоганнесбурзі — столиці ПАР. Загинули 76 людей, ще 88 отримали поранення. Це одна з найбільш смертоносних пожеж в історії Південно-Африканської Республіки. Подія Пожежа сталася в центральному діловому районі в п'ятиповерховій покинутій будівлі, яка належить міській владі на розі вулиць Делверс і Альберт. У ньому проживало близько 400 бідних людей, багато з яких були іноземцями, економічними мігрантами та шукачами притулку. Пожежа виникла рано вранці 31 серпня 2023 року, причина пожежі наразі невідома. Вона поширилася будівлею, заблокувавши багатьох людей між перегородками та дверями між тимчасовими кімнатами, збудованими цими мешканці. Багато мешканців стрибали з вікон будівлі, щоб врятуватися, деякі з них не вижили. Пожежники знайшли тіла, які лежали там, де й померли жильці, біля зачинених дверей на першому поверсі, коли вони намагалися вийти з палаючої будівлі. Будівля Будівля, Альберт-стріт, 80, була побудована в 1954 році як головний офіс Департаменту з неєвропейських справ Йоганнесбурга, який служив офісом перепусток для виконання законів про перепустки, які контролювали переміщення темношкірих людей до Йоганнесбурга під час системи апартеїду . З 1994 року в будівлі розміщувався жіночий притулок, пізніше названий Жіночим притулком Усіндізо. У 2019 році клініку, яка розміщувалася в будівлі, перемістили до MMC for Health and Social Development Mpho Phalatse, оскільки будівлю зайняли сквотери та визнали її небезпечною для перебування. Будівлю було позначено меморіальною дошкою, яка розповідає про її історію. Реакція Пожежа привернула увагу до сотень захоплених будівель у центральному діловому районі Йоганнесбурга, зазвичай перенаселених, у яких проживають збіднілі та маргіналізовані люди, включаючи велику кількість мігрантів без документів, що прибули до економічного центру Південно-Африканської Республіки Йоганнесбурга. Президент ПАР Сиріл Рамафоса відвідав місце трагедії 31 серпня, назвавши це «дзвінком для пробудження». Прем'єр-міністр Гаутенга Паньяза Лесуфі оголосив про контроль за розслідуванням цієї пожежі. У той час як неурядові організації та власники нерухомості в центрі міста звинувачували владу міста Йоганнесбург у нехтуванні утриманням будівель та неспроможності надавати послуги та дотримуватися правил безпеки. Представники влади, у свою чергу, звинувачували неурядові організації в судових позовах, які успішно оскаржили попередні спроби міста виселити сквотерів з подібних об'єктів. Справа ще більше ускладнюється послідовними рішеннями судів про те, що виселення не можна проводити, якщо не буде надано альтернативне житло переселенцям. Деякі жителі, які пережили пожежу, відмовилися сідати в автобуси для переселення до тимчасового житла в громадських приміщеннях після пожежі, побоюючись, що переселення буде використано чиновниками як привід для депортації, і не бажаючи залишити власне майно в спаленому місці у цій будівлі. Примітки Посилання Пожежа в Південній Африці: що таке захоплені будівлі Йоганнесбурга? — BBC News, 31 серпня 2023 р
Witkruis Monument

The Witkruis Monument or Plaasmoorde Monument is a monument complex along the N1 route between Mokopane and Polokwane, South Africa, conspicuously located on the slope of Ysterberg, on private property of the Harmse family. Since June 16, 2004, symbolic white-painted metal crosses have been planted on the area of about 5 ha (12 acres) for each death during a South African farm attack. The attacks have targeted both white and black farmers. 925 of the approximately 3,000 white metal crosses on the slope are arranged in a striking central cross shape to emphasize the Christian nature of the monument. About 20 red crosses at the top of the monument represent local casualties. In 2020 and 2022, further monuments were placed at the foot of the cross field. History In 2004, farmers erected white crosses along the N1 to raise awareness of farm murders. SANRAL and the road authority however objected to this so that the crosses had to be moved further up the ridge. 300 members of the community met on 16 June 2004 and the first crosses were planted on the farm of the then owner, Stephan van der Walt. Neels Roelofse, criminologist at the University of Limpopo, and his wife Rina, were the initial organizers. There were initially 1,200 identical crosses, each weighing 7 kg. In 2010 there was a surge in interest in the monument, upon which the local vow festival company made arrangements with the new landowner regarding visits, restorations, additions and a tribute day. The number of crosses grew to 2,506 by 2020, 2,575 in 2022, and to just under 3,000 in 2023. One of them commemorates the well-known white supremacist and neo-Nazi, Eugène Terre'Blanche, who was murdered on his Ventersdorp farm by two of his employees after an altercation over unpaid wages. In 2025, Elon Musk posted a clip that claimed that the crosses were “graves of white farmers in South Africa”, which attracted considerable media attention to the monument. Management and proceedings The annually growing monument is a community project and is kept up to date and maintained annually with private donations. Lita Cross Fourie, who lost her parents and acquaintances in farm attacks, was at the head of proceedings from 2009 until her death in 2023, and kept the necessary statistics. Since the SAPS does not purposefully keep statistics about farm attacks and murders, the necessary statistics were supplemented from different websites, in addition to comprehensive statistics prepared by the Tabita organization, and information obtained from the book Treurgrond by Dirk Hermann, Chris van Zyl and Ilze Nieuwoudt which covers the period from 1990 to 2012. Since the 2020 rally, arrangements have been made to access the site from the N1, bypassing the former detour. The 2020 rally was attended by over a thousand people, and 64 new crosses were planted. During 2023's evening program on the 15th of September, the crosses were illuminated, followed by a convoy march along the N1 on the morning of the 16th. This was followed by the handover of 47 new crosses and the firing of a replica of the Grietjie cannon. References
Dr. Petrus Molemela Stadium

Dr. Petrus Molemela Stadium, formerly known as Seisa Ramabodu Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium located in Bloemfontein, South Africa. It is used mostly for soccer matches and was utilized as a training field for teams participating in the 2010 FIFA World Cup after being renovated in 2008 and brought up to FIFA standards. It was the home stadium of Bloemfontein Celtic who also used the Free State Stadium. During three-year renovations completed in 2015, the stadium's capacity was expanded from 18,000 to 22,000. From the 2025–26 season it hosted newly-formed Siwelele. References External links Stadium picture Photos of Stadiums in South Africa at cafe.daum.net/stade
Estadio Dr. Petrus Molemela

El Estadio Dr. Petrus Molemela es un estadio de uso múltiple que actualmente es utilizado principalmente para el fútbol ubicado en la ciudad de Bloemfontein en Sudáfrica.​ Historia El estadio fue construido en 1982 con el nombre Estadio Seisa Ramabodu con un costo de 60 millones de rands.​ Es sede del equipo local Bloemfontein Celtic. En 2008 el estadio tuvo su primera remodelación que tuvo con el fin de ser usado como una sede de reserva para el mundial de Sudáfrica 2010 cumpliendo con las reglas de la FIFA,​ pero al final fue una de las sedes de entrenamiento de uno de los 32 seleccionados participantes. En el proceso fue utilizado por Lesoto como sede para sus partidos de local en la Clasificación de CAF para la Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 2010, aunque perdió los tres partidos que jugó ahí. En 2015 tuvo su primera ampliación al aumentar la capacidad del estadio de 18 000 a 22 000,​ y cambió de nombre por el que tiene actualmente. Referencias Enlaces externos Imagen del Estadio
Dr. Petrus Molemelastadion

Het Dr. Petrus Molemelastadion is een multifunctioneel stadion in Bloemfontein, Zuid-Afrika. Het stadion is vernoemd naar Dr Petrus Molemela. Hij was belangrijk in de geschiedenis van Bloemfontein Celtic (voorzitter tussen 1984 en 2001). Het stadion heette eerder Seisa Ramabodustadion. Het stadion wordt vooral gebruikt voor voetbalwedstrijden. De voetbalclub Bloemfontein Celtic maakt wel eens gebruik van dit stadion, maar die gebruiken ook het Vrystaat-stadion. Dit stadion is tijdens het Wereldkampioenschap voetbal in 2010 gebruikt als trainingsveld. In 2008 werd dit stadion gerenoveerd en het toeschouwersaantal werd toen uitgebreid. Er kunnen 22.000 toeschouwers in.
Lichtenstein Castle (South Africa)

Lichtenstein Castle (German: Schloss Lichtenstein, Afrikaans: Lichtenstein Kasteel) is a mock castle in Hout Bay, Western Cape, South Africa, built on the Karbonkelberg and modelled after Lichtenstein Castle in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Details Lichtenstein Castle was built by German-born South African businessman Reynier Fritz. Construction began in 1986 and finished in 1998. Fritz later converted the castle to a guest house before dying there. After his death, his widow Christine sold the property for 23 million rand to an unknown Russian businessman. Claimed to be haunted, the castle is one of the area's most local attractions. The castle can be rented out as a venue. See also List of castles and fortifications in South Africa List of castles in Africa References
Castillo Lichtenstein (Sudáfrica)

El castillo Lichtenstein es un castillo ubicado en Hout Bay, provincia del Cabo Occidental, Sudáfrica.​ Historia El castillo Lichtenstein fue construido por el empresario sudafricano nacido en Alemania Reynier Fritz.​ La construcción comenzó en 1986 y terminó en 1998.​ Posteriormente, Fritz convirtió el castillo en una casa de huéspedes antes de morir allí. Después de su muerte, su viuda Christine vendió la propiedad por 23 millones de rands a un empresario ruso desconocido.​​ El castillo cuenta con 12 habitaciones con baño, una biblioteca, un salón de banquetes con capacidad para 200 personas, salas de conferencias, una piscina, un helipuerto y una cascada natural en sus 8,6 hectáreas.​​ Se puede alquilar como lugar de celebración.​ Referencias
Muizenberg Shul

The Muizenberg Shul, formally the Muizenberg Hebrew Congregation, is a Modern Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Muizenberg, in Greater Cape Town, in the Western Cape region of South Africa. The congregation was established in 1924, and the synagogue was completed in the following year. History The foundation stone was laid on 14 February 1924 by Rev. A. P. Bender, who led the Gardens Shul. Construction was completed at the end of 1925 and the synagogue officially opened in 1926. It was built to serve both the growing Jewish resident population and the high volume of Jewish holidaymakers. 600 Jewish families from Eastern Europe settled in the town in the 1920s. Rabbi Lionel Mirvis served the community as did his son, Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis (currently Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth), who led high holy days services at the shul. In a blue plaque unveiling ceremony attended by former Premier of the Western Cape, Helen Zille, the synagogue was honoured for its historical significance in 2021. Since 2020, the congregation has been led by full-time rabbi, Ryan Newman. According to Newman: “Muizenberg may be the largest Jewish community in South Africa during the holidays. We have a minyan of over fifty men every single day. You can’t walk a minute on the beach without seeing a group of people you know sitting together. The amazing thing is that you see Jews here from across the spectrum of Orthodoxy. You have people – and often very different rabbis – from Chabad, Mizrachi, Ohr Somayach, etc. all joining together in a single shul.” South Africa's Chief Rabbi, Warren Goldstein and his counterpart in the UK, Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis, attended centenary celebrations for the congregation in January 2024. See also History of the Jews in South Africa List of synagogues in South Africa References External links Official website
Madimbo Corridor

The Madimbo Corridor is a northern military base in the Limpopo Province that borders Zimbabwe in South Africa, and is contiguous with the Matshakatini Nature Reserve. It is controlled by the South African National Defence Force and used as a military training zone and a cordon sanitaire. History Pre-20th century In the 19th century, local residents began to encounter other groups of people in Africa, mainly commercial hunters. For a time, the hunters and settlers were able to coexist through trades of ivory and skin. However, these relations began to deteriorate with the increase of sport hunting and the introduction of land policies in the late 1890s. Colonial expansion Beginning in 1871, colonists sold land to cattle farmers as a means to expand their control of the area. Establishment to present day In 1969, the base was established after the forced removal of villages in the area. During this time, the base served under the South African Defence Force as one of the country's protective barriers from attacks by neighboring countries. Additionally, in 1992, the corridor was designated as the Matshakatini Nature Reserve. Beginning in 1994, at the end of South Africa's apartheid government, actions were taken to move relocated villages back to the corridor. Climate The Madimbo Corridor experiences an arid to semi-arid climate, with extended dry seasons and shorter wet periods. Its summer temperatures range between a mimimum temperature of 17.4–31 °C (63.3–87.8 °F), with winter temperatures ranging within no less than 10–24 °C (50–75.2 °F). At most, the corridor's annual maximum temperatures have been recorded to range from 38.1 °C (100.6 °F) to 44 °C (111 °F). The corridor's rainfall has been recorded to be an average of 450 mm (17.7 in) per year. However, studies in 2024 have found a lower amount, ranging from 201–400 mm (7.9–15.7 in), due to the effects of climate change in the region. The area has a maximum annual precipitation of 460 mm (18.1 in). Agriculture The Madimbo Corridor uses a semi-arid irrigation scheme. References Citations Sources
William Herbert Sports Ground

William Herbert Sports Ground is a cricket ground in Wynberg, Cape Town, a region of Western Cape province in South Africa. The ground was first used in 1879. It hosted two first-class matches of the Dadabhay Trophy from 1972 to 1974. It also hosted matches of the Dadabhay Trophy, prior to getting first-class status, between 1958 and 1968. The first recorded match having official status on the ground was held on 1 January 1972, between Western Province and Natal. References
Central Methodist Church, Cape Town

The Central Methodist Church, also known as the Central Methodist Mission or Metropolitan Methodist Church, is a large and historically important Methodist church located on Greenmarket Square in Cape Town, South Africa. The church has played a significant role in the growth of Methodism in South Africa. In 1988, the Metropolitan Church merged with Buitenkant Street Church, forming the Central Methodist Mission. History and activism The church is known for its active advocacy efforts such as its yellow banner campaign that seeks to rise awareness of important social issues and as a site of refuge. The church windows were damaged by police water cannons during the anti-apartheid Purple Rain protest in 1989. In October 2019 the church was a refuge site for protesting refugees during the Greenmarket Square refugee sit-in. Architecture The church is the second oldest building on Greenmarket Square after the Old Town House located opposite it. Construction started in 1876 and completed on 12 November 1879 at a cost of £17,700 (equivalent to R5,000,000 in 2018). The architect was Charles Freeman and the building contractor was Thomas Inglesby. Representing high-Victorian Gothic Revival architecture, the basilica-type church features a distinctive lean-to roof and a tower with a spire. It is a listed heritage building with the SAHRA identifier of 9/2/018/0125. References