NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
South African Army Armour Formation

The South African Army Armour Formation provides an Armour capability to the South African Army. The Formation came into being as part of a restructure. South African Armour Corps units previously under the command of various different brigades and other formations were all grouped under one formation. All armour is assigned to the SA Army Armour Formation under the charge of a General Officer Commanding. History Armoured Origins South Africa employed armoured cars as early as 1915 during its invasion of the then-German South West Africa (now Namibia). After the end of the First World War a single Medium Mark A Whippet light tank was purchased for the Union Defence Force and was operationally employed during the 1922 Rand revolt. The tank in question is now on display at the Army College at Thaba Tshwane. The formation of an armoured corps was proposed in 1924. An armoured car section was formed the next year when two Vickers machine gun-armed Crossley armoured cars and two medium tanks were imported from Britain. During the severe economic depression of 1933, the government established the Special Service Battalion (SSB) on 1 May 1933 as a job opportunities and social upliftment project. The Springbok was first used as symbol for this unit until it was changed to the national flower - the Protea - in July 1934, which is still used today. World War Two The SSB was converted to an Armoured Car Regiment at the start of the Second World War, and later to a Tank Regiment. In April 1943 the SSB was deployed in North Africa and used a black beret sporting silver proteas as badge and a flash with orange, white and blue as its colours. Armoured Corps When the SA Armoured Corps was officially proclaimed in 1946 and the SSB included in the corps as the only full-time unit, its symbols and colours were incorporated Armoured Formation On 24 January 2014 the General Officer Commanding (GOC) SA Army Armour Formation, Brigadier General Chris Gildenhuys handed over command to Brigadier General Andre Retief at a parade at the Tempe Military Base in Bloemfontein. The South African Army Armour Formation marked its 70th anniversary in October 2016 in Bloemfontein with the fourth Armour Symposium and a thanksgiving service. Insignia Structure The Formation is structured as follows: Training School of Armour, (Bloemfontein) Tank units These units are equipped with the Olifant Mk1B or Olifant Mk2 main battle tank. Regular Force 1 South African Tank Regiment (Bloemfontein) Reserve Force Pretoria Armoured Regiment (Pretoria) Queen Nandi Mounted Rifles (Durban) Thaba Bosiu Armoured Regiment (Bloemfontein) Armoured Car Units These units are equipped with the Rooikat and Ratel ZT-3 armoured fighting vehicles. Regular Force 1 Special Service Battalion (Bloemfontein) Reserve Force Umvoti Mounted Rifles (Pinetown) Blaauwberg Armoured Regiment (Cape Town) Johannesburg Light Horse Regiment (Sandton) Molapo Armoured Regiment (Potchefstroom) Equipment Tank Variants Armoured Car Variants References External links SA Army Armour Formation SA Armour Museum
Бронетанковые войска ЮАР

Бронетанковые войска ЮАР (англ. South African Army Armour Formation) — род войск в сухопутных войсках Южно-Африканской Республики. Бронетанковые войска обеспечивает бронетанковый потенциал сухопутных войск ЮАР. Формирование появилось в результате реструктуризации. Подразделения Южноафриканского бронетанкового корпуса (South African Armour Corps), ранее находившиеся под командованием различных бригад и других формирований, были объединены в одно формирование. Вся бронетехника приписана к бронетанковому формированию СВ ЮАР под командованием командующего генерала. История Южная Африка использовала бронированные машины ещё в 1915 году во время вторжения в тогдашнюю германскую Юго-Западную Африку (ныне Намибия). После окончания Первой мировой войны один лёгкий танк Medium Mark A Whippet был приобретен для Сил обороны Южно-Африканского Союза и был задействован во время восстания рандов в 1922 году. Сейчас этот танк выставлен в армейском колледже на военной базе Таба Тшване. Формирование бронетанкового корпуса было предложено в 1924 году. Бронеавтомобильная секция была сформирована в следующем году, когда из Великобритании были импортированы два бронеавтомобиля Crossley с пулемётами Vickers и два средних танка. Во время тяжёлой экономической депрессии 1933 года 1 мая 1933 года правительство создало Батальон специальной службы в качестве проекта по расширению возможностей трудоустройства и социального подъема. Символом этого подразделения сначала был спрингбок, а в июле 1934 года его заменили на национальный цветок — протею, который используется до сих пор. В начале Второй мировой войны SSB был преобразован в бронеавтомобильный полк, а затем в танковый полк. В апреле 1943 года SSB был развёрнут в Северной Африке и использовал чёрный берет с серебряными протеями в качестве значка и флягу с оранжевым, белым и синим цветами. Когда в 1946 году был официально провозглашён Южноафриканский бронетанковый корпус (South African Army Armoured Corps) и SSB был включён в состав корпуса в качестве единственного штатного подразделения, были сохранены его символика и цвета. 24 января 2014 года командующий бронетанковыми войсками СВ ЮАР бригадный генерал Крис Гилденхайс передал командование бригадному генералу Андре Ретифу на параде на военной базе Темпе в Блумфонтейне. Бронетанковые войска СВ ЮАР отметили свое 70-летие в октябре 2016 года в Блумфонтейне четвёртым симпозиумом бронетехники и благодарственной службой. Эмблема Структура Обучение Обучение военнослужащих осуществляется в Бронетанковой школе. Подразделения Регулярная армия Резерв Вооружение Бронеавтомобили Примечания
South African Bureau of Standards

The South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) is a South African statutory body established in terms of the Standards Act (Act No. 24 of 1945). It continues to operate in terms of the latest edition of the Standards Act (Act No. 29 of 2008) as the national institution for the promotion and maintenance of standardization and quality in connection with commodities and the rendering of services. Function The mandate of the SABS includes the development of standards for products and services in South Africa, and the facilitation of international trade. Internationally, SABS experts represent South Africa's interests in the development of international standards, through their engagement with bodies such as the International organization for standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). SABS also holds the Secretariat for SADCSTAN, the standardization body for the Southern African Development Community of 14 nations. Initiatives South African initiative on reusable sanitary products Coordinated by the Department of Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities, the Sanitary Dignity Framework was created to improve menstrual hygiene. The program is intended to provide sanitary products to disadvantaged girls and women. The SABS intended to standardize the production of washable, reusable sanitary towels in August 2019. The standard was published on 6 May 2020 to regulate the production of these items. Declaration on Gender-Responsive Standards and Standards Development In 2019, the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) signed the Declaration on Gender-Responsive Standards and Standards Development, which addresses women's participation and representation in standardization. The declaration was adopted by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) in 2019. References External links South African Bureau of Standards (Official Home Page) SABS Standards Web Store
Южноафриканское бюро стандартов

Южноафриканское бюро стандартов (South African Bureau of Standards, SABS) — южноафриканский статутный орган, который был учреждён в соответствии с законом О стандартах 1945 года (закон № 24 от 1945 года) и продолжает функционировать в соответствии с последней редакцией закона «О стандартах» 2008 года (Закон № 29 от 2008 года) в качестве национального учреждения по содействию и поддержанию стандартизации, качества товаров и предоставления услуг. В качестве национального органа по стандартизации, SABS несёт ответственность за поддержание базы данных в Южно-Африканской республике более 6500 национальных стандартов, а также за разработку новых стандартов и пересмотра, изменения или снятия существующих стандартов по необходимости. На международном уровне эксперты бюро представляют интересы ЮАР в разработке международных стандартов, через их взаимодействие с органами, такими как Международная организация по стандартизации (ISO) и Международная электротехническая комиссия (IEC). На региональном уровне в настоящее время бюро удерживает Южноафриканское сообщество по вопросам разработки и кооперации в сфере стандартизации SADCSTAN, базу стандартизации для Сообщества развития Юга Африки (SADC). SABS Commercial (Pty) Ltd — самофинансируемое подразделение внутри SABS, предлагает сертификацию, тестирование, инспекцию и другие услуги, в основном в промышленности. Ссылки Сертификация в ЮАР Бизнес путеводитель по Южно-Африканской республике
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity

The South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), is involved in research, education and in applications of its knowledge and research to African fish fauna, for either economic or conservation benefit. The institute originally established in 1969, was formerly named the JLB Smith Institute of Ichthyology, in honour of Professor James Leonard Brierley Smith, who named and described the living coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae. The JLB Smith Institute of Ichthyology received recognition as a national research entity, renamed as the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity in 1999. Situated in Makhanda, Eastern Cape, the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) is an internationally recognised centre for the study of aquatic biodiversity. As a National Facility of the NRF, SAIAB serves as a major scientific resource for knowledge and understanding the biodiversity and functioning of globally significant aquatic ecosystems. With both marine and freshwater biogeographical boundaries, southern Africa is ideally placed to monitor and document climate change. From a marine perspective South Africa forms the southern apex of a major continental mass, flanked by very different marine ecosystems on the east and west coasts, and projecting towards the cold southern Ocean large marine ecosystem. SAIAB's scientific leadership and expertise in freshwater aquatic biodiversity is vital to the national interest when dealing with issues arising from exponentially increasing pressures of human population growth and development. Special Collections SAIAB is home to the Margaret Smith Library, named in honour of the first Director of the JLB Smith Institute of Ichthyology Affiliations Rhodes University, Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science References External links SAIAB Publications
South African National Bioinformatics Institute

The South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI) is a non-profit organisation in Cape Town, South Africa dedicated to bioinformatics, biotechnology and genomics in health research. SANBI maintains current collaborations with institutes and laboratories at Harvard University, Oxford University, Cambridge University, Stanford University, the Pasteur Institute, the RIKEN institute, the Allen Institute for Brain Science, the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and the European Bioinformatics Institute. SANBI is the South African national node of the European Molecular Biology Network, the regional site for the World Health Organization African centre for training in pathogen bioinformatics, and an affiliate of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research. SANBI is funded by several organisations including the South African Medical Research Council, the National Research Foundation of South Africa, the Claude Leon Foundation, the John E. Fogarty Foundation for International Health at the National Institutes of Health, and the European Commission. SANBI was founded in 1996 by computational biologist Winston Hide, the founding director, as part of the faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of the Western Cape. The SANBI research team includes faculty in the areas of genetic diversity, gene regulation, cancer, sleeping sickness and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. See also Computational biology References External links National Bioinformatics Network of South Africa African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology The Claude Leon Foundation Technologies Avancées pour le Génome et la Clinique (TAGC) European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) John E. Fogarty International Center (FIC) for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences
South African Post Office

South African Post Office (SAPO), est l’opérateur public responsable du service postal en Afrique du Sud. Réglementation Le système postal est réglementé par le Postal Services Act, no 124 de 1998. Activités Le South African Post Office Group se est constitué de plusieurs divisions et filiales opérant dans les domaines du courrier, des services financiers, de la logistique, de la propriété, du commerce électronique et des services de détail, la collecte, le tri et la livraison traditionnelles de lettres et de colis. Le groupe offre des services financiers sous le nom de Postbank, fondée en 1910 et plus grande banque d'épargne du pays. Voir aussi Liste d'opérateurs postaux Lien externe (en) Site officiel Références Portail de l’Afrique du Sud Portail des entreprises Portail de la philatélie
Spioenkop Dam Nature Reserve

Spioenkop Dam Nature Reserve or Spion Kop Nature Reserve is a protected area in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It encloses the dam and reservoir, while the eponymous mountain lies on the northern border of the reserve. It lies close to Ladysmith with Winterton being the closest town, and is about 4,400 hectares (17 sq mi). The historic battlefield site can be reached by road. The park was established in 1975. The climate is temperate, with annual rainfall of about 814 mm per square meter. The rainy season is in the period March-October. See also Protected areas of South Africa Battle of Spion Kop Spioenkop Dam References External links Fun Things To Do in Province of KwaZulu-Natal The Battlefields Route
Spitskop Dam

Spitskop Dam is an earth-fill type dam located on the Harts River in the Northern Cape Province north of the city of Kimberley in South Africa. It was established in 1975 and rebuilt in 1989 after breaching during a flood in 1988. It has a full capacity of 57.887 million cubic meters of water and serves primarily for irrigation purposes. The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked high (3). See also List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa References List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs. Reyneke, J. 2004 Capacity determination of Spitskop Dam, Department of Water Affairs.
St. Alban's College

St. Alban's College é uma escola particular de ensino médio e matutino de inglês para meninos, situada no subúrbio de Lynnwood Glen, em Pretória, na província de Gauteng, na África do Sul. Fundada em 1963 por Anton Murray, sua história, influência, riqueza e reputação acadêmica a tornaram uma das escolas de maior prestígio na África do Sul. A escola irmã é chamada St. Mary's Diocesan School for Girls. Referências
St. Andrew's Preparatory School

St. Andrew's Preparatory School is a private, co-educational boarding school in Makhanda (Grahamstown), Eastern Cape, South Africa. History The school was founded in 1885 and has an Anglican foundation. A Family of schools St. Andrew's Prep shares close ties with its brother school, St. Andrew's College, a high school for boys and its sister school, the Diocesan School for Girls (DSG); both are located in Grahamstown. The school has boys and girls from the pre-primary level (Grade 000) to Grade 3, thereafter the girls move to DSG and boys only from Grade 4 to Grade 7. Notable alumni Ian Roberts – actorSharlto Copley – actorWilliam Smith (teacher) – Television mathematics & science teacher External links Official website
St. Croix Island

St. Croix Island, auch St Croix Island geschrieben, ist die größte und namengebende von drei Inseln der St. Croix Islands in der zu Südafrika gehörenden Algoa Bay. Sie liegt 3,9 km vor der Küste von Port Elizabeth. Die Insel ist von hoher ökologischer Bedeutung als Nistplatz von Seevögeln, insbesondere der gefährdeten Brillenpinguine. Beschreibung Das Eiland ist felsig und äußerst spärlich bewachsen. Der höchste Punkt liegt auf der Hälfte der Nordküste. Die Bebauung besteht lediglich aus zwei verlassenen steinernen Bungalows, die von Guanosammlern erbaut und später von der University of Port Elizabeth für Forschungszwecke genutzt wurden. Fauna Mit etwa 21.000 Brillenpinguinen, die auf der Insel brüten, befindet sich dort die weltweit größte Brutkolonie dieser einzigen in Afrika vorkommenden Pinguinart. Die Population hatte ihre höchste Dichte im Jahr 1993, als dort um die 63.000 Pinguine lebten. Seitdem ist sie im Schwinden begriffen, wie es bei der Art und in Südafrika insgesamt der Fall ist, ungeachtet der Bemühungen der südafrikanischen Naturschutzorganisation SANCCOB. Von Port Elizabeth aus werden Bootsausflüge unternommen, auf denen man die Brillenpinguine und andere Seevögel beobachten kann. Geschichte Der portugiesische Seefahrer und Entdecker Bartolomeu Dias errichtete im März 1488 auf der Insel ein Kreuz und feierte dort eine Messe. Daher wird die Insel bis heute St. Croix (Heiliges Kreuz) genannt. 1891 lief eine kanadische Brigg in der Algoa Bay ein, von deren Passagieren einige an Pocken erkrankt waren. Die Besatzung und die Passagiere der Brigg wurden drei Monate lang auf St. Croix unter Quarantäne gestellt. Seit diesem Ereignis trägt die Insel auch den Namen Hospital Island. Im Jahr 2019 wurden zahlreiche Pinguine auf St. Croix Island Opfer einer Ölverschmutzung, die vom Hafen Ngqura ausging. Einzelnachweise
St. Croix Island (Algoa Bay)

St. Croix Island is the largest of three islands in Algoa Bay, South Africa, located within 8 kilometres of the Port of Nqgura. The islands are of critical importance to sea bird populations, including the endangered African penguin. St. Croix Island St. Croix Island at 33°47′58″S 25°46′11″E is 3.9 km (2.4 mi) from the nearest land and rises to 59 m (194 ft). The BirdLife fact sheet states the 12 ha (30 acres) island is only 58 m (190 ft) above sea level. It adds that the island is rocky and “supports minimal vegetation”. The island runs 700 m (2,300 ft) along a northwest, southeast axis and is about 360 m (1,180 ft) wide at its broadest – along the west coast. Its highest point is halfway along the north coast. Bartholomeu Dias planted a padrão and celebrated Mass on the island in March 1488. With 22,000 African penguins breeding on the island it is the largest breeding colony of this penguin species. Boat trips out of Port Elizabeth take tourists to see these birds. The population's modern history peaked in 1993, when 63,000 penguins lived there. The population is in decline, following the national and species' trend despite the best efforts of conservation group SANCCOB. In 2019, the penguins of St. Croix island were impacted by an oil spill at the Port of Ngqura. As of 2022 there has been no environmental impact assessment of the ship to shore bunkering with further spills leading to the collapse of the breeding colonies. Brenton Island Brenton Island (33°49′3″S 25°45′54″E) is equally sparsely vegetated and is less than 20 m (66 ft) in elevation, and is roughly 250 m × 200 m (820 ft × 660 ft) in size with a northwest-southeast orientation. It is 5.75 km (3.57 mi) to sea from the nearest point on the mainland and 1.75 km (1.09 mi) south of St. Croix. It is named after Naval Commissioner Sir Jahleel Brenton. Jahleel Island Jahleel, at less than 10 m (33 ft) in height, is just over 1 km (0.62 mi) from the closest beach and less than that from the Port of Ngqura’s 2.6 km (1.6 mi) long eastern breakwater. Jahleel is about the same size as Brenton and has a north-south axis. It is 5.75 km (3.57 mi) west of St. Croix, and is named after Sir Jahleel Brenton. References
Сент-Круа (острів, затока Алгоа)

Острів Сент-Круа — найбільший з трьох островів у затоці Алгоа, у Південній Африці, розташований за 8 кілометрів від порту Нгура. Острів має вирішальне значення для популяцій морських птахів, у тому числі африканських пінгвінів, які знаходяться під загрозою зникнення. Острів Сент-Круа лежить за 3,9 км від континентального берега і піднімається на 29 метрів. Площа острову 12 га. Острів Сент-Круа відомий найбільшою гніздовою колонією африканських пінгвінів. Найбільша їх історична чисельність на острові сягнула 63 000 особин у 1993 році. Проте відтоді число пінгвінів на острові постійно зменшується, що відповідає загальним тенденціям до скорочення популяції виду. У 2019 році пінгвіни острова Сент-Круа постраждали від розливу нафти в порту Нгкура. Станом на 2022 рік не було проведено жодної оцінки впливу на навколишнє середовище через розлив нафти. Примітки
St. Henry's Marist College

St. Henry's Marist College, formerly known as St Henry's Marist Brothers' College is a co-educational private school with a Catholic foundation in Glenwood, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. History Saint Marcellin Champagnat, a young priest in rural south-east France, founded the Marist Brothers to educate the poor. The Brothers then spread to many parts of the world, arriving in Cape Town in 1867. In 1929, (after the Brothers had opened St. Charles College, Pietermaritzburg), the Brothers opened St Henry's with Brother Paul Eusterius as principal. Since then the school has greatly expanded, particularly under the previous principal, Dr Anthony Akal, who was at the helm from 1982 until 2011. The school has a wonderful aspect, along the Ridge above Durban with a view over the City to the bay on the one side and inland towards the Valley of a Thousand Hills on the other. The school started as a day school for boys, but has recently become co-educational. The Brothers gradually withdrew from the teaching life of the school (which is now under lay control) but still play a major part in the religious aspects of the school, upon which the College prides itself. The emphasis on religion, discipline and a strong sense of a "school-family" add to the school's appeal. The school motto is Omnia Vincite, which means Conquer all difficulties. Recent history Facilities General facilities The school recently refurbished the tuck shop. The school also has four fields, an amphitheater, an observatory, and a state-of-the-art Learning Resources Center, which contains a library section, teaching venues, a computer room and a Long Distance Audio Visual room. Many of the school's classrooms were recently equipped with Smartboards. The school also has a gymnasium, chapel and two laboratories. The Foundation Phase playground and school gardens have also been significantly improved. Recent expansions In 2010, the College moved its Art Department to a large house next to the school. The ground floor of this house was converted into a teaching venue complete with a small library, classroom, office and veranda for working on large projects. An Academic Support Center has been launched on the upper floors of the house. The College also recently expanded its Music School, which now contains four practice rooms, and a main teaching room. Each room has been soundproofed, and the syllabus has been broadened to include music as an official school subject. The school is a member of the Durban Youth Council, and has a strong representation in the organisation. External links St. Henry's official site