NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Broch von Ayre

Der Broch von Ayre, auch bekannt als St. Mary’s Broch, ist ein eisenzeitlicher Broch am nördlichen Ufer des Loch Ayre in der Gemeinde Holm auf der Orkneyinsel Mainland in Schottland. Der Broch von Ayre wurde 1901 und 1909 ausgegraben. Die Ausgrabungen zeigten Spuren innerer Architektur und äußerer Strukturen. Erhalten ist wenig, obwohl ein Teil der Brochwand vorhanden ist. Der Broch hatte einen Außendurchmesser von fast 18 Metern und Wände, die stellenweise fast fünf Meter dick waren. Die Ausgrabungen Die Ausgrabung von 1901 ergab, dass die Brochwand teilweise noch über einen Meter hoch war und einen nach Südosten gerichteten Zugang aufwies. Der Gang wies einen gebrochenen Sturz und die üblichen architektonischen Merkmale auf, einschließlich der Wächterzelle (englisch guard-cell). Das Innere enthielt radiale Trennwände aus senkrechten Steinplatten und einen mit Stürzen versehenen Brunnen. Die Ausgrabung von 1909 betraf äußere Gebäude, die wahrscheinlich später angebaut wurden. Das Innere des Brochs wurde möglicherweise in einer späteren Phase teilweise umgebaut und erneut genutzt. Archäologische Funde Es wurden mehrere Eisenobjekte entdeckt, darunter zwei Speerspitzen und eine Axt. Die Informationen zur Ausgrabung sind ungenau, obwohl angegeben ist, dass eine Speerspitze in Verbindung mit der Wächterzelle gefunden wurde. Es wurden Nagelköpfe sowie Stifte und ein Ring aus Bronze und Hinweise auf Metallverarbeitung sowie eine Menge Keramik gefunden. Zusammen mit den Resten von Ochsen, Pferden, Robben, Rotwild, Schafen, Schweinen, Walen, Tölpeln und anderen Vögeln wurden menschliche Knochen gefunden. Aus Knochen oder Horn waren Kämme, Nadeln und Walknochengefäße, die zusammen mit mehreren Würfeln gefunden wurden. Literatur Patrick J. Ashmore: Orkney burials in the first millennium AD, In J. Downes, A. Ritchie: A, Sea Change: Orkney and Northern Europe in the later Iron Age. Balgavies 2003, Angus. S. 38–39 Ian Armit: Broch Building in Northern Scotland: The Context of Innovation. In: World Archaeology. Bd. 21, Nr. 3 = Architectural Innovation, 1990, ISSN 0043-8243, S. 435–445, JSTOR 124840. John W. Hedges: Bu, Gurness and the brochs of Orkney (= British Archaeological Reports. British series. 163–165). 3 Bände. Oxford, B.A.R. 1987. Weblinks Beschreibung engl. und Bilder Eintrag zu Broch von Ayre auf trove.scot, der Datenbank von Historic Environment Scotland (englisch)
Broch of Ayre

Broch of Ayre, also known as St. Mary's Broch, is an Iron Age broch in Orkney, Scotland. Location Broch of Ayre is found on the northern shore of Loch Ayre, in the parish of Holm on Orkney Mainland. History Broch of Ayre was first excavated in December 1901 and then again in the summer of 1909. Little now survives, though part of the broch wall is still extant. The excavations revealed traces of internal architecture and external, probably later, structures. Description The 1901 excavations revealed that the broch wall survived to over a metre in height in parts, with an entrance passage facing to the south-east. The passage contained a broken lintel and architectural features including a guard cell. The interior of the broch contained radial partitions using vertical slabs of stone, and a lintelled well. The broch itself was almost eighteen metres in external diameter, with walls almost five metres thick in places. The 1909 excavation revealed external buildings, likely built later, and the interior of the broch may also have been re-used and partially remodelled in a subsequent phase. Archaeological Finds A number of iron objects were discovered, including two spearheads and an axehead. Locational information from the excavation is poor, although one of the spearheads was found associated with the guard cell. Nail heads, bronze pins and a bronze ring were also found. Evidence of metal-working, including a mass of conglomerate with fused pottery and iron, was also found. Bone pins, combs, antler fragments and cetacean bone vessels were found along with several dice. A large quantity of pottery was also found, along with the remains of whale, seal, ox, pig, red deer, sheep, horse, gannet and other birds, and human bone. References External links Historic Environment Scotland. "Loch of Ayre, broch at N end of, St Mary's (SM1462)".
Flodday, Loch Maddy

Flodday (Scottish Gaelic: Flodaigh) is an uninhabited island in Loch Maddy, North Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. The area of the island is recorded as 50 hectares (124 acres) in Rick Livingstone's tables, although it is not listed by Hamish Haswell-Smith in his tabulation of Scottish islands greater in size than 40 hectares (99 acres). No reason for this is given and his area calculation presumably provided a figure smaller than this total. Loch Maddy contains a bewildering profusion of islands and islets. To the north west lie the smaller island of Fearamas and the complex island of Cliasaigh Mor/Cliasaigh Beag. The entrance to the sea loch is to the south east where lie the waters of The Minch. The village of Lochmaddy is to the west on the far side of the loch. Flodday is separated from North Uist by the narrows of Caolas Loch Portain. The coastline is described as "lag boulders and gravel intertidal areas" to the north, east and west and rock or rock platform in the south and south east. Folklore and stories The Carmichael Watson Project records a brief story concerning a great northern diver. Kenneth MacLean, a local merchant, describes his sighting of this bird, at Flodday in 1884. Although he was familiar with the species it was the sole occasion on which he had seen it in flight. He recorded that "the wings went rapidly and the bird seemed to exert himself greatly". The island is also referred to in the Notebook of Alexander Carmichael, which contains material collected between October 1867 and December 1885. The freshwater Loch na Beiste lies just beyond Caolas Loch Portain not far from the shore of North Uist. It was reputedly the haunt of a sea-cow. Citations References Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. ISBN 978-1-84195-454-7.
Girdle Stanes

Die Girdle Stanes (englisch; deutsch Gürtelsteine) sind ein Steinkreis am River White Esk, südlich von Eskdalemuir und nördlich von Lockerbie im Osten von Dumfries and Galloway in Schottland. Der durch den wechselnden Verlauf des White Esk erodierte Kreis von etwa 36,0 Metern Durchmesser, bestand ursprünglich aus 40 bis 45 Steinen, wovon etwa 25 übrig blieben. Die Verfolgung des etwa zur Hälfte verschwundenen Kreisbogens veranschaulicht, wie der Fluss im Laufe der Zeit den Kreis auf einer Seite erodiert hat. Die Steine erreichen Höhen zwischen 0,6 und 1,8 m. Mehrere Steine stehen außerhalb des Kreises. Umgeben von knorrigen Weißdornbäumen, erinnern die Girdle Stanes an die archetypischen Feenringe der Legenden. Die Girdle Stanes stehen ein paar hundert Meter entfernt von den Loupin Stanes. Eine Reihe gefallener Steinen verbindet die Orte. Bei den Loupin Stanes NW bilden 10 niedrige und 2 hohe Steine (jeder etwa 1,6 m hoch) einen ovalen Ring, von 11,5 auf 10,3 m Durchmesser. Der etwa 35 m entfernte Kreis der Loupin Stanes SW ist stark gestört. Literatur Anna Ritchie, Graham Ritchie: Scotland. An Oxford Archaeological Guide. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1998, ISBN 0-19-288002-0, (Oxford archaeological guides) RCAHMS: Eastern Dumfriesshire: an archaeological landscape. Edinburgh. S. 23, 77, 111, 112, 296, RCAHMS 1977 Weblinks Eintrag zu Girdle Stanes auf trove.scot, der Datenbank von Historic Environment Scotland (englisch) Beschreibung engl. und Bilder Beschreibung engl. und Bild Beschreibung engl. und Bild Video Girdle Stanes Video Loupin Stanes
Girdle Stanes

The Girdle Stanes (grid reference NY 25351 96153) is a stone circle near Eskdalemuir, Dumfries and Galloway. The western portion of the circle has been washed away by the White Esk, leaving 26 of an original 40 to 45 stones in a crescent. Unlike the majority of such sites in Dumfriesshire, the Girdle Stanes forms a true circle rather than an oval. When complete, its diameter would have been 39m. Its situation, shape and construction link it to the Cumbrian circles to the south. In particular, it has a number of similarities with the Swinside circle in the south-west of the Lake District. Like Swinside, the tallest stones are positioned at the north of the circle, and there is an apparent entrance in the south-east. Both circles have a solar alignment. However, while Swinside is aligned to the midwinter sunrise, the Girdle Stanes is aligned to the sun's southernmost rising at the beginning of November, which correlates with the festival of Samhain. A line of stones leads north to the Loupin Stanes; it is possible that this is the remains of an avenue linking the two circles. See also Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany List of stone circles References
Glenquicken

Glenquicken (auch Cambret Moor oder Billy Diamond's bridge genannt) ist ein ovaler Steinkreis südlich einer alten Straße (Old military road) und 50 m nördlich des Baches „Englishman's Burl“, etwa 3,3 km östlich von Creetown in Kirkcudbrightshire in Dumfries and Galloway in Schottland. Er steht in einer Weide im Cambret Moor. Der Kreis hat einen Durchmesser von 15,5 m und besteht aus 29 niedrigen Steinblöcken. Im Südwesten ist eine Lücke, wo ein Stein fehlen könnte. Der höchste Punkt des Steinkreises befindet sich im Südosten. In der Mitte steht ein 1,6 m hoher Monolith aus Granit. Um ihn herum liegt ein Haufen von Feldsteinen, der vermutlich im Zuge von Meliorationsarbeiten entstand. Aubrey Burl hat ihn den feinsten aller Mittensteinkreise genannt. Im Jahre 2000 gibt Burl eine Beschreibung der Steinkreisart, die auch in Cornwall, Shropshire, Wiltshire und Südwest Irland zu finden ist. Er stellt fest, dass Kreise mit Mittelsteinen spät entstanden und häufig eine Brandbestattung am Fuße des Mittelsteins haben. Die Kreise bestehen aus kleinen gerundeten Steinen, während der Zentralstein deutlich größer ist. Eine kleinere, fast exakte Kopie von Glenquickan sind die Bullstones in Cheshire. Zwei weitere Kreise im Nordwesten sind auf der Ordnance-Survey-Karte markiert, die Alexander Thom im Jahr 1939 aber nicht mehr fand. Literatur Aubrey Burl: A Guide to the Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland and Brittany. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. 2005 S. 142. Aubrey Burl: The Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland, and Brittany. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000, ISBN 978-0-300-08347-7. Fred. R. Coles: The Stone Circles of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: 90 - 1895. Weblinks Eintrag zu Glenquicken auf trove.scot, der Datenbank von Historic Environment Scotland (englisch) Beschreibung (engl.) und Bild Bild Einzelnachweise
Glenquicken stone circle

Glenquicken stone circle or Billy Diamond's Bridge stone circle (grid reference NX50965821) is an oval stone circle with a central pillar, two miles east of Creetown, Dumfries and Galloway. The outer ring is formed of 29 stones. Aubrey Burl has called it "the finest of all centre-stone circles." It is a scheduled monument. Two other circles to the north-west were marked on the Six-inch First Edition Ordnance Survey map. Alexander Thom planned these in 1939, but they are no longer visible. See also Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany List of stone circles Scheduled monuments in Dumfries and Galloway References
Inshlampie Broch

Broch of Inshlampie is an Iron Age broch in Scotland. Location Located in Farr, Sutherland, this possible broch is situated in a highly defensible position overlooking the river Naver. Ravines flank Inshalampie to the north and south. Inshlampie broch is situated in a rich archaeological landscape; Skaill chambered cairn is across the Naver river and a burial ground is situated north of the cairn. Along the Inshlampie burn are hut circles and south of the broch are settlement ruins. Description No chambers are visible in the remains of this broch, though it is presumed that the entrance is located on the west-north-west side. The approximate external diameter of this possible broch is 15.5 metres, with an internal diameter of 6.5 metres. In the early 20th century AD the walls were preserved up to a height of 1.2 metres, though this had decreased significantly over time so that by the mid 1980s very little of the broch remained visible. The remains of other structures were visible on the terraced land between the west side of the broch and the river, and on the east side of the broch was another terrace that may have been bordered by a ditch that was situated across the promontory. Traces of enclosures can be seen to the south and east of the broch mound and there are further traces of a large wall at the foot of the outer slope. Without the current tree cover, the Langdale Broch 4 kilometers to the south-west would be visible. References Further reading MacKie, E W (2007) The Roundhouses, Brochs and Wheelhouses of Atlantic Scotland c.700 BC-AD 500: architecture and material culture, the Northern and Southern Mainland and the Western Islands, BAR British series 444(II), 444(1), 2 V Oxford Held at RCAHMS E.9.1.MAC RCAHMS (1911a) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Second report and inventory of monuments and constructions in the county of Sutherland, Edinburgh Held at RCAHMS A.1.1.INV(2) Swanson, C B (1988) A contribution to the understanding of brochs, Unpublished Ph D thesis, University of Edinburgh
Lerwick Power Station

The main power supply for Shetland is provided by Lerwick Power Station, located in Gremista, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northwest of Lerwick town centre. This is the principal source of electrical energy for Shetland. However, as of 2015, about 20 MWe is provided by the Sullom Voe Terminal power station which comprises 4 x 23 MWe Gas Turbines, the future of which is uncertain. Opened on 27 May 1953, the station is fueled with diesel and generates 66 MW of power. Equipment Originally the facility had six 6 MWe Mirrlees diesel generator K Major sets (some of which have been decommissioned); two 8 MWe French Pielstick engines were added in 1983 and a further Finnish 12 MWe Wärtsilä (originally a Stork Werkspoor design) engine was commissioned in 1994. A waste-heat recovery system applied to the exhaust of the Wartsila only produces super-heated steam which runs a 2.1 MW WH Allen turbine, thus making this set a combined cycle. Two standby gas turbine generator units, each with a capacity of 5 MW, were installed in containers outside the existing buildings to augment peak output. A 6 MWe Wärtsilä 32 (12V32) was installed in 2020 with further engines currently in the process of being installed, these engines are to eventually replace the 6 Mirrlees K-Major Engines. The plant is operated by Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE), which also runs the islands' 33kV and 11kV grids. Load balancing The growth of output from wind turbines in Shetland has increased instability in the local grid (which is not synchronised to the national grid on mainland Scotland). The 440 MW Viking Wind Farm started in 2024. SSE installed a 1 MW sodium–sulfur battery in a nearby building to ameliorate the peak loads; however, due to safety concerns, the sodium-sulfur battery was removed prior to commissioning and the energy storage building was reconfigured to accommodate 3 MWh of advanced lead-acid batteries in 2016. A 68 MW lithium grid battery is scheduled to provide grid stability by 2026. Replacement plan There are proposals to replace the power station at a new greenfield site north of the existing one. Planning permission has been granted for the development; however, the decision to proceed has been delayed by the proposed Shetland HVDC Connection, which, depending on how it is implemented, may make such a station redundant, or only required as standby, which would affect the type of plant chosen. The 600 MW cable to Scotland was commissioned in August 2024. Lerwick District Heating There is an adjacent, but distinct, district heating network. See Lerwick District Heating and Energy Recovery Plant. Recovered heat from the cooling water of the most recently installed Wartsilla engine has been supplied to the district heating since its commissioning in 2021. References
Lochend Park

Lochend Park is a public park in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is situated in the Lochend / Restalrig area, next to Lochend Castle and near Meadowbank Stadium. The loch with its wide range of waterfowl is the main attraction, but there are also historical buildings, a children's play area, and sports areas. The park was awarded a Green Flag in 2012 in recognition of it being a quality greenspace. Within the park there is a 16th-century doocot which is Category B listed. History The park was originally the grounds of Lochend Castle, part of the feudal lands of Robert Logan of Restalrig. The original castle was replaced by Lochend House in 1810 and only the servants quarters and kitchen chimney remain from the original house. The Doocot was built in the 16th century to supply pigeons to Lochend Castle. In 1564 it was used as a "plague kiln" to burn clothes and bedding of infected people during an outbreak of plague. In the 19th century it served as a boat house for the Royal Humane Society who were set up to save people from drowning. The boat was also used in winter to check if the ice on the loch was thick enough for games of curling. Lochend Loch served as Leith's main water supply from around 1650. Originally gravity-fed, there is an early 18th century pump station, which facilitated the process, between the doocot and the loch. Leith shared Edinburgh's water supply from the mid-18th century and the final water supplies from the loch were sealed off around 1920. Railway lines were built to west and south in the mid-19th century, isolating the park from the city. Although the railways were closed in the Beeching cuts of the 1950s it was only in the early 21st century that improved links were made on these sides, being required with the development of the new flats that now overlook the park. Wildlife There are a range of habitats to be found in the park. The loch is home to a wide variety of wildfowl, including swans, geese, coots, moorhens, mallards and herons, as well as rats. A viewing platform and planting beds, funded by the City of Edinburgh Council and WREN, were created around the pond in the spring of 2011. The viewing platform gives people greater access to see the wildlife and allows local schools the chance to take part in pond dipping activities. The new planting, including yellow flag iris and water mint, will enhance the biodiversity of the pond by providing more habitats and food for the local wildlife. Friends of Lochend Park The Friends of Lochend Park is a group of local volunteers who help to administer and improve the park resources. In 2014 they bought the old police telephone box at the north-east entrance to the park, to be refurbished as a store for visitor materials. References External links Edinburgh Council Lochend Park Friends of Lochend Park Facebook page
Masson Hall

Masson Hall opened in 1897 as the first 'proper' hall of residence for women attending the University of Edinburgh. It was established by the Edinburgh Association for the Education of University Women (EAEUW) at 31 George Square. This site is now part of the University of Edinburgh Library. History In the 1890s, having successfully secured women's rights to receive instruction and graduate from the University of Edinburgh, the EAUW turned its attention to women's welfare while studying. Prior to the establishment of Masson Hall, there had been two other attempts to provide women from outside Edinburgh with accommodation, both named after Mary Crudelius who was the founder of EAEUW. The opening of Masson Hall followed a three-year period of fundraising and campaigning by Margaret Houldsworth and Louisa Stevenson who were active members of the EAEUW. Masson Hall was formally opened by Miss Balfour of Whittinghame on 24 November 1897. Among the distinguished guests was Professor David Masson, after whom the Hall was named. The first warden was Dr Frances Simson, who remained in post for more than 20 years. Simson was one of the first eight Edinburgh women graduates. When the site was redeveloped in 1964, Masson Hall moved to 2 South Lauder Road, which is now a listed building. Masson Hall closed in 1994. Professor Masson's name continues to be remembered through Masson House, which is a three-star hotel rather than student accommodation. The modern Masson House is situated in the University's Pollock Halls of Residence. References
Midpark Hospital

Midpark Hospital is a modern acute mental health unit located in Dumfries. The hospital is managed by NHS Dumfries and Galloway. History Design The hospital was designed to replace aging accommodation at a number of sites: the Cree West ward at the Crichton Royal Hospital; the hospice block at the Crichton; Lahraig at the Nithbank site; and the Wellgreen cottages at Glencaple Road. It was one of the first projects to be procured through Frameworks Scotland. The architects for the new hospital were Ingenium Archial Ltd, with WSP and Arups handling engineering aspects. The landscape architects for the site were award-winning Glasgow firm erz Ltd who designed the campus, the courtyards, the entry areas and the woodland setting. the site is typified by its colourful planting and useful, therapeutic outdoor spaces. The building incorporates best practice design for people with dementia and mental illness and has received a BREEAM rating of "excellent". The entrance garden DoubleWalk was designed by Jencks2, a partnership between Charles Jencks and Lilly Jencks. The garden features a 'landform' typical of Charles Jencks' work. He describes it as "A landform that pulls in the distant landscape of the Criffel mountain, the Nith River, Dumfries and the cosmic setting." The project received the following awards: 2011 Health Facilities Scotland Awards (design commendation), 2012 NHS Scotland HFS Environment and Design Award (winner) and the BREEM awards 2015 (shortlisted). Construction Construction work on the new hospital started in 2010. It was built by Laing O'Rourke at a cost of £29 million and officially opened by the Duchess of Gloucester in May 2012. Services The hospital has six ward areas: Balcary (intensive psychiatric care), Cree (older adult assessment), Dalveen (rehabilitation), Ettrick (adult acute admissions), Glencairn (older adult acute admissions) and Nithsdale (adult acute admissions). Friends of Midpark Hospital The "Friends of Midpark Hospital" was set up to help coordinate volunteers and became a registered charity (registered charity number SC042993) in 2012. References External links Midpark Hospital on NHS Dumfries and Galloway website
Strathblane Country House

Strathblane Country House is a late Victorian estate house near the village of Strathblane. It was built in 1874 as a mansion house for Robert Jameson of the law firm Jameson, Maclae & Baird (which today operates under the name Morton Fraser). Back then the building was known as Ardunan House, taking its name from nearby Loch Ardinning (of which Ardunan and Ardinan – from Gaelic àird dùnain 'height of the small hill or fort' – are variants). The former gatekeeper's lodge, Ardunan Lodge, and Ardunan Farm still bear the name 'Ardunan'. Much later it was converted into an hotel, initially known as the Ardunan Hotel until the company's dissolution in 1977, then as The Country Club Hotel, Strathblane Country House Hotel and latterly Strathblane Country House until its final closure in 2016. The property has subsequently been converted back to private accommodation. It has hosted a number of celebrity events over the years including the wedding of Peter Capaldi and Elaine Collins in 1991 and several episodes of River City. External links Historic photo ca. 1904 of Ardunan House on History Pin Sources