NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Tomnaverie

Tomnaverie (früher Tom-na-hivrigh genannt) ist ein Steinkreis des Typs Recumbent Stone Circle (RSC), der in der Region Grampian, insbesondere am Dee mit nahezu 100 Exemplaren verbreitet ist. Merkmal der RSC ist ein „liegender Stein“ begleitet von zwei stehenden, hohen, oft spitz zulaufenden „Flankensteinen“, die sich an der Peripherie des Kreises oder nahe dem Kreis befinden. Tomnaverie liegt auf einem Hügel (Hill of Worship oder Justice) 1,2 km südöstlich von Tarland in Aberdeenshire in Schottland. Der Steinkreis wurde zwischen 1800 und 1600 v. Chr. errichtet, Teile der Anlage sind jedoch älter. Die Anlage ist als Scheduled Monument geschützt. Monumentgeschichte Die primäre Funktion von Tomnaverie war die eines Scheiterhaufens, der anschließend von einem Ring Cairn eingeschlossen und schließlich durch den Steinkreis umgeben wurde. Die Behandlung der Toten war nur ein Element im Bereich der rituellen Praktiken an diesen Stellen. Forschungsgeschichte Der Steinkreis wurde 1792 erstmals beschrieben. Während des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert wurden im Granitsteinbruch, an dem der Kreis liegt, Steine für die Häuser in der Hauptstraße und am viktorianischen Marktplatz von Tarland abgebaut. Die beiden Flankensteine (2,8 und 2,2 m hoch) aus rotem Granit und der 12,5 t schwere „liegende Stein“, von 3,1 m Länge wurden dabei umgestürzt. Die Abbautätigkeiten haben auch den Verlust zweier Kreissteine verursacht, mehrere waren umgefallen, und nur vier standen aufrecht. Nach der Restaurierung sind es zehn. Der RSC wurde 1999 durch Richard Bradley (geb. 1946) ausgegraben und im Jahre 2000 restauriert. Aufbau Der Kreis hat einen Durchmesser von etwa 18,0 m. Die Reste eines Ringcairns, ähnlich dem von Nine Stanes liegen innerhalb des Kreises. Der Ringcairn wurde von einem Außenring aus Randsteinen gehalten und hat etwa 14 m Durchmesser. In Tomnaverie, wie in Eslie the Greater, Nine Stanes und Clune Wood liegen die ruhenden Steine im Südosten. Der Errichtung der Steine ging eine Phase voraus, während der mehrere steingefasste Hügel errichtet wurden, die Leichenbrand enthielten. Am Ende ist der Platz als Brandgräberfeld verwendet worden. Die Steinkreise am River Die Steinkreise von Deeside bilden eine Gruppe von Recumbent Stone Circles (RSC). Ungefähr 100 von ihnen wurden zwischen 2500 und 1500 v. Chr. am Dee in Aberdeenshire errichtet. Die Ensembles der „ruhenden Steine“ liegen in der Regel im Südosten und (normalerweise) auf dem Ringverlauf. Einzelnachweise Literatur Richard Bradley: The Moon and the Bonfire. An investigation of three stone circles in north-east Scotland. Edinburgh, Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 2005, ISBN 0-903903-33-4. Adam Welfare: Great Crowns of Stone. RCAHMS, 2011 Colin Richards: Building the Great Stone Circles of the North. Windgather Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-909686-12-0 Weblinks Eintrag zu Tomnaverie auf trove.scot, der Datenbank von Historic Environment Scotland (englisch) Beschreibung + Bilder, Megalithics.com Beschreibung + Bilder Beschreibung + Bilder
Cercle de pierre de Tomnaverie

Le cercle de pierre de Tomnaverie est un cromlech daté de l'Âge du bronze, comportant une pierre couchée massive. Il est situé près du village de Tarland, dans l'Aberdeenshire, en Écosse. Situation Tomnaverie se situe en haut d'une colline, au milieu du Howe de Cromar, ou vallée de Cromar, dans l'Aberdeenshire, dans le Nord-Est de l’Écosse. Historique Deux campagnes de fouilles dirigées par le professeur Richard Bradley en 1999 et 2000 permirent d'établir les différentes phases de construction du site (entre le IIIe millénaire av. J.-C. et le Ier millénaire av. J.-C.), mais également de reconstituer le cercle selon son plan d'origine. Description Tomnaverie est un exemple caractéristique d'un style de cercle de pierre typique du nord-est de l’Écosse appelé cercle de pierres couchées. Ce style est caractérisé par un monolithe couché flanqué de deux menhirs positionnés au sud-ouest du cercle et ouvrant le cercle sur un élément distinctif du paysage environnant. A Tomnaverie, le cercle de 17 mètres de diamètre est ainsi ouvert sur le Lochnagar et les Monts Grampians et correspond à un système d'astronomie lunaire. Chronologie La plus ancienne trace découverte sur le site est une fosse contenant des restes riches en charbon et datée entre 2570 et 2460 av. J.-C. Un cairn polygonal délimité par des blocs erratiques et divisé en 13 rayons a été construit par la suite. La pierre couchée n'a été ajoutée à l'emplacement de la fosse qu'ultérieurement et a donné lieu à un remaniement du cercle. Des traces de ce qui semble être un bucher funéraire ont été datées de deux périodes distinctes : entre 1050 et 900 av. J.-C. et entre le XVe siècle et le XVIIe siècle. Des tessons de poterie campaniforme ont été trouvés sur le site. Protection Menacé par une carrière, le site de Tomnaverie est confié en 1927 aux soins de l'agence écossaise des monuments historiques, Historic Scotland, en tant que Scheduled monument, ou site d'importance nationale. Références Bibliographie (en) Richard Bradley, The Moon and the Bonfire : An Investigation of Three Stone Circles in North-east Scotland, Édimbourg, 2005, xx-124 (ISBN 978-0-903903-33-2, lire en ligne), p. 9-51 Chapter 2 :Excavations at Tomnaverie Jacques Briard, Les cercles de pierres préhistoriques en Europe, Paris, Éditions Errance, coll. « Collection des Hespérides », 2000, 127 p. (ISBN 978-2-87772-193-6) Articles connexes Cromlech de Drombeg Portail du mégalithisme Portail de la protection du patrimoine Portail de l’Écosse
Tomnaverie Stone Circle

De Tomnaverie Stone Circle is een Recumbent Stone Circle uit het neolithicum, gelegen zo'n zes kilometer ten noordwesten van Aboyne aan de B9094 in de Schotse regio Aberdeenshire. Beschrijving De Tomnaverie Stone Circle dateert uit 2000 v.Chr. Het is een zogenaamde "recumbent stone circle", dat wil zeggen dat er zich in een kring van staande stenen één grote liggende steen bevindt. Deze ligt aan de zuidwestelijke zijde en wordt geflankeerd door de grootste staande stenen in de cirkel. De cirkel meet 17,1 meter in diameter. De stenen zijn van rood graniet. In het centrum bevindt zich een cairn. Ook zijn er aanwijzingen gevonden dat er in de bronstijd (1000 v.Chr.) crematies hebben plaatsgehad in de cirkel. In 1999-2000 is er archeologisch onderzoek gedaan door de Universiteit van Reading en is de steencirkel hersteld. Vooral door de nabijgelegen steengroeve was de staat van de steencirkel drastisch verslechterd. Beheer De Tomnaverie Stone Circle wordt sinds 1912 beheerd door Historic Environment Scotland, net als de recumbent stone circles Easter Aquhorthies Stone Circle en Loanhead Stone Circle. Externe links (en) Historic Scotland, Tomnaverie Stone Circle (en) Megalithics.com, Tomnaverie, recumbent stone circle (en) Stones of Wonder, Tomnaverie recumbent stone circle (en) Undiscovered Scotland, Tomnaverie Stone Circle
Balnakeil Church

Balnakeil Church is de ruïne van een kerk in de Schotse plaats Balnakeil bij Durness in het noordwesten van Sutherland. Balnakeil was een plaatselijk centrum van christendom vanaf de 8e eeuw waar een Keltisch klooster werd gesticht, hoogstwaarschijnlijk door Sint-Máelrubai, een monnik die ook Maelrubha wordt genoemd. De kerk, vlak bij het strand van Balnakeil Bay, werd in de jaren rond 1617 gebouwd en in 1690 verbouwd. Ze geraakte halverwege de 19e eeuw verlaten toen een nieuwe kerk werd opgetrokken. Het kerkhof Op het kerkhof is er een massagraf voor de schipbreukelingen van het schip Canton, emigranten die allemaal verdronken toen het schip zonk bij Faraid Head, een landtong vlak bij Balnakeil. Enkel een kleine, niet gemarkeerde heuvel geeft de plaats aan waar ze werden begraven. In een niche in de zuidelijke gevel van de kerkruïne ligt een berucht man begraven: Domhnuall MacMhurchadh of Donald McMurdo wiens legende verbonden is met Smoo Cave. Hij woonde aan de oostelijke zijde van Loch Eriboll en vermoordde 18 mensen. Hij schonk 1000 £ aan Uisdean Dubh MacKayde tweede Lord of Reay die de kerk verbouwde in 1619 om hem daar te begraven zodat zijn resten niet zouden worden verstoord door zijn vijanden. Zijn grafsteen is versierd met oude heraldische symbolen waaronder een schedel en gekruiste beenderen en een inscripitie: Donald Makmurchou here lies lo w Was ill to his friend, and worse to to his foe True to his master in prosperity and woe. DMMC 1623 (Donald Makmurchou ligt hier, die slecht was voor zijn vrienden en erger voor zijn vijanden Trouw aan zijn meester in voorspoed en tegenslag DMCC1623) John Lennon en Balnakeil Church Op het kerkhof bevindt zich het graf van een tante van John Lennon, Elisabeth Parkes. Lennon verbleef tijdens vakanties bij zijn tante, een zuster van zijn moeder, in het vlakbijgelegen Sangomore. Elisabeth Parkes huwde na het overlijden van haar eerste echtgenoot met Robert Sutherland die in Durness woonde. In 1969 bezocht John Lennon deze streek voor het laatst in het gezelschap van Yoko Ono.
Fruid Reservoir

Fruid is a small reservoir in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, UK, near Menzion. It is formed by damming the Fruid Water, and supplements the contents of Talla Reservoir, forming part of the water supply for Edinburgh. The construction of the reservoir flooded the valley, inundating several farmhouses including Hawkshaw. Playwright Peter Moffat had ancestors that previously lived in the area now covered by water and cites the location as inspiration for The Village. See also Baddinsgill Reservoir Megget Reservoir Talla Reservoir West Water Reservoir List of reservoirs and dams in the United Kingdom References
Bellsdale Park

Bellsdale Park is a football ground in Beith, Scotland. It was the home ground of Beith F.C. during their time in the Scottish Football League, and is currently the home ground of Beith Juniors. History Beith moved to Bellsdale Park in 1920, and a 280-seat stand was built on the northern side of the pitch later in the decade. The club were elected into the new Third Division of the SFL in 1923, and the first SFL match at Bellsdale Park was played on 25 August 1923, a 1–0 win over Royal Albert. The ground was twice used as a home ground by other clubs; Galston were forced to play a home match against Arthurlie at Bellsdale Park on 22 March 1924 (a 3–0 win for Arthurlie) after their Portland Park ground was unavailable. Arthurlie subsequently played two home matches at Bellsdale Park in 1925 after their Dunterlie Park ground was closed due to crowd trouble; a 4–0 win over Broxburn United on 19 September and a 4–1 win over East Stirlingshire on 3 October. The Third Division was disbanded at the end of the 1925–26 season, with the final SFL match at the ground being played on 21 April 1926, a 4–2 defeat by Leith Athletic. When Beith were transformed into Beith Juniors in 1938, the new club continued to use the ground. References
Doune of Relugas

The Doune of Relugas () is a hill fort located 9.25 kilometres (5.75 mi) south south west of Forres in Moray, Scotland. It is situated on a rocky knoll rising to approximately 400 feet (120 m) above ordnance datum and forming the south east part of the promontory at the confluence of the River Findhorn and the River Divie. The site commands an uninterrupted view of the valley of the Findhorn as far as Culbin Sands, 9 miles to the north on the shore of the Moray Firth. The hill fort was occupied from the 1st millennium BC through to the late 1st millennium AD. At its heart is a timber-laced rampart enclosing an area measuring 53 metres (174 ft) by 33 metres (108 ft). The enclosure is oval-shaped and has a gap to the east which may represent its entrance. Although there was no need for further defences to the east and south, there is an outer earthen rampart and ditch across the neck of the promontory to the north and west. This takes the form of a curved ditch 5.5 metres (18 ft) wide and 2.0 metres (6.6 ft) deep, behind which the rampart rises 5.5 metres (18 ft) wide and 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) high. Stones from the rampart show evidence of vitrification, suggesting that the fort was burned at some point in its history. Other similarly sized vitrified forts within the area include Dun Evan, Dun Finlay and Dun Davie. During the 19th century the remains of the Doune were incorporated as features into the designed picturesque landscape of the Relugas estate by the antiquarian and author Thomas Dick Lauder. References
Dunterlie Park

Dunterlie Park is a football ground in Barrhead, Scotland. The third stadium to bear the name, it is the home ground of Arthurlie. History Arthurlie moved to Dunterlie Park in 1919, naming it after their former ground, where they had been based since 1906, having previously been based at the original Dunterlie Park. Located on the south-eastern side of Barrhead railway station line, the ground originally had a pavilion in the northern corner of the pitch and banking behind the southern goal and on the western side of the pitch. As the club was excluded from the restart of the Scottish Football League following World War I, they were unable to rejoin until 1923, and the first SFL match was not played at the new Dunterlie Park until 25 August 1923, a 3–2 defeat to East Stirlingshire. Following crowd trouble during the 2–1 defeat by Third Lanark on 22 August, the ground was closed for a month, with Arthurlie having to play home matches at Beith's Bellsdale Park. On 1 October 1927 Arthurlie's Owen McNally set a SFL record at the ground by scoring eight goals in a 10–1 win over Armadale. Towards the end of the 1928–29 season the club dropped out of the SFL due to financial difficulties. The last SFL game was played at Dunterlie Park on 30 March 1929, a 1–1 draw with St Bernard's. The club later folded later in the year, reforming as Arthurlie Amateurs, and again as Arthurlie in 1930, with the new club continuing to play at Dunterlie Park in Junior football. The ground's record attendance of 10,500 was set on 18 March 1939 for a Scottish Junior Cup sixth round match with Cambuslang Rangers, which Arthurlie lost 2–1. References
Elphinstone Research Centre

Elphinstone Research Centre is a medical research centre, part of the Charles River Laboratories, east of Edinburgh, south of Tranent, in East Lothian. In the 1970s, it was the site of Inveresk Research International. Inveresk had been founded in 1957 and was situated in the former offices of the Institute of Seaweed Research. It is situated to the south of Tranent, between the B6414 and B6371, north-east of Elphinstone. The site employs around 1300 people. References External links Gazetteer for Scotland
NHS Centre for Integrative Care

The NHS Centre for Integrative Care, formerly the Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital, is an NHS treatment centre specialising in holistic treatments, including the use of homeopathy, on the Gartnavel Hospital campus in Glasgow, Scotland. It is managed by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. History The hospital has its origins in a small facility located at Berkeley Street which was funded by the Houldsworth family and opened as the Houldsworth Homeopathic Dispensary in March 1909. It moved to 5 Lynedoch Crescent in May 1914 and then to a substantial villa in Great Western Road in 1931 before joining the National Health Service as the Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital in 1948. It moved to the Gartnavel Hospital campus in 1999 and became the NHS Centre for Integrative Care in 2014. Proposed closure There have been prolonged efforts to de-fund homeopathic treatments within the NHS. As of October 2015, NHS Lanarkshire, NHS Highland and NHS Lothian had ceased to make referrals to the centre. NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde has proposed that the centre may be reassigned to become a new centre for the treatment of chronic pain. Plans to close the unit were put forward by Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board in 2017. As of 2018, the Centre for Integrative Care was still operating, with an annual budget of £1.7M. As of 2021 NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde continues to mention homeopathic treatments on its website. References
Ibrox, Glasgow

Ibrox () is a suburb of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated south of the River Clyde and is part of the former burgh of Govan. The origin of the name Ibrox is unclear. It is often said to come from the Gaelic àth bruic, meaning "badger ford", but this is unconfirmed. It is within walking distance of the Pacific Quay Media Park, housing BBC Scotland, STV and other production companies along with the Glasgow Science Centre. The opening of the Clyde Arc provides a road connection to the other side of the River Clyde. Ibrox is served by Ibrox subway station of the Glasgow Subway system. The home of football club Rangers F.C. is located at Ibrox Stadium. Ibrox Primary School is a primary school located on Edmiston Drive, the main road through Ibrox, directly across from Ibrox Stadium. The building was designed by Bruce and Hay and was opened in 1906. The school was originally known as Ibrox Board School, was built for the Govan Parish School Board. Ibrox is home to an original artwork by South African artist Faith47. Located on Copland Road opposite the entrance to Fairley Street, the piece was completed during the preparations for the 2014 Commonwealth Games. Gallery See also Glasgow tower blocks References
Newtown Park

Der Newtown Park ist ein Fußballstadion in der schottischen Stadt Borrowstounness (kurz: Bo’ness), Falkirk. Es war die Heimspielstätte des Fußballvereins FC Bo’ness zwischen 1886 und 1945, als dieser in der Scottish Football League spielte. Seit 1945 ist es die Heimstätte des Nachfolgevereins Bo’ness United. Geschichte Der im Jahr 1882 gegründete FC Bo’ness bezog vier Jahre später den Newtown Park. Auf der Südseite des Spielfelds wurde 1902 eine Tribüne errichtet und später eine weitere. Während des Ersten Weltkrieges wurden beide entfernt. Im Jahr 1921 wurde der Verein in die Division Two der Scottish Football League aufgenommen. Das erste SFL-Spiel im Newtown Park wurde am 27. August 1921 ausgetragen, als es gegen Broxburn United vor 4000 Zuschauern einen 3:1-Sieg gab. Einige Wochen später verzeichnete der Verein seinen höchsten Zuschauerbesuch in der Liga im Newtown Park, als 5000 Zuschauer einen 1:0-Sieg gegen den FC Armadale sahen. Der Newtown Park wurde später durch die Schaffung von Böschungen auf allen vier Seiten des Spielfelds und die Errichtung einer neuen Tribüne mit 500 Sitzplätzen ausgestattet. Die Rekordbesucherzahl im Newtown Park wurde am 5. März 1927 aufgestellt als 9000 Zuschauer ein Spiel in der vierten Runde des schottischen Pokals gegen Celtic Glasgow sahen, wobei die Gäste mit 5:2 gewannen. 1945 fusionierte Bo’ness mit Bo’ness Cadora zu Bo’ness United, wobei der neue Verein den Newtown Park übernahm. 2019 wurden Flutlichter und ein Kunstrasen installiert. Literatur Paul Smith & Shirley Smith: The Ultimate Directory of English & Scottish Football League Grounds Second Edition 1888–2005. Hrsg.: Yore Publications. ISBN 0-9547830-4-2, S. 200. Weblinks bonessunited.co.uk: Newtown Park (englisch) europlan-online.de: Newtown Park – Bo’ness nonleaguescotland.org.uk: Bo’ness United (englisch)
Newtown Park, Bo'ness

Newtown Park is a football ground in Bo'ness, Scotland. It is currently the home ground of both Lowland League side Bo'ness United and club Bo'ness Athletic, and was previously the home ground of Bo'ness. History Bo'ness F.C. moved to Newtown Park in 1886. A stand was erected on the southern side of the pitch and a second built in 1902. However, both had been removed by World War I. In 1921 the club were elected to Division Two of the Scottish Football League; the first SFL match at Newtown Park was played on 27 August 1921, a 3–1 win against Broxburn United in front of 4,000 spectators. A few weeks later the club recorded their highest league attendance at Newtown Park, as 5,000 watched a 1–0 win over Armadale. Newtown Park was later upgraded with the creation of embankments on all four sides of the pitch and the erection of a 500-seat stand. The record attendance at Newtown Park of 9,000 was set on 5 March 1927 for a Scottish Cup fourth round match against Celtic, with the visitors winning 5–2. Bo'ness finished top of Division Two at the end of the season and were promoted to Division One. The record league attendance of 5,000 was equalled on 26 November 1927 for a 1–0 defeat by Celtic. In 1945 Bo'ness merged with Bo'ness Cadora to form Bo'ness United, with the new club taking over Newtown Park. The seated stand was dismantled in 2012. An artificial surface and floodlights were installed in 2019. References
Pyramids (Bathgate)

The Pyramids are a land sculpture alongside the M8 motorway at Bathgate. Originally named the "Sawtooth Ramps", it was sponsored by Motorola and formed part of the M8 Art Project. The sculpture was created by artist Patricia Leighton in 1993. It is 1,000 feet (300 m) long and consists of seven 36-foot (11 m) high ramps made of earth and seeded with grass. The artist based the design on local geographic features (drumlins) and the shape of the surrounding bings. Sheep are grazed on the structure which keeps the grass short. The pyramidal shape of the sculpture gave rise to the name of the nearby Pyramids Business Park. Coloured sheep In April 2007, a local farmer painted the sheep which graze on the grass mounds bright red with a harmless sheep spray. Over the years the sheep have been painted different colours to raise awareness of charities: pink for Breast Cancer Research, and purple for World Autism Awareness Month by Scottish Autism in April 2015. Giant poppies Giant poppies have been painted on the grass ramps in November for a number of years. This is organised by Poppyscotland as part of the Remembrance Day commemorations and fund-raising. In 2015, the nationalist political group Siol nan Gaidheal painted their white poppy logo on one of the ramps, which was condemned as vandalism and a political stunt by Angela Constance, a local MSP. References
Victoria Barracks, Ballater

Victoria Barracks is a military installation in Ballater, Scotland. History The barracks were built as temporary accommodation in 1850 to accommodate the Queen's Guard around the time that Queen Victoria and Prince Albert acquired Balmoral Castle. A row of Tudor style cottages were converted into permanent barracks in 1869 and some flat-roofed oriental-looking buildings were erected on the site in 1904. Further modernisation, including the removal of some old huts, took place in 1969. During the flooding caused by Storm Frank in late December 2015, families living in the worst affected parts of Ballater were evacuated to the barracks. When Queen Elizabeth II resided in Balmoral Castle for three months each summer, the barracks housed the Royal Regiment of Scotland's Royal Guard. References