Dunbar Lifeboat Station

Dunbar Lifeboat Station is located at Victoria Harbour in Dunbar, a town and former royal burgh overlooking the mouth of the Firth of Forth, in the county of East Lothian, formerly Haddingtonshire, on the south-east coast of Scotland. A lifeboat station was first established at Dunbar in 1808, but closed in 1821. The station was re-established in 1864 by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). The station currently operates the Trent-class All-weather lifeboat 14-35 John Neville Taylor (ON 1266), on station since 2008, and a D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat, David Lauder (D-844), on station since 2019. Due to access issues at Dunbar harbour at low tide, since 1993, the All-weather lifeboat is kept on a mooring approximately 4.2 nautical miles (7.8 km) to the east of Dunbar, in the bay next to Torness nuclear power station. History Dunbar Harbour has been a fishing and trading port since at least 1574, and for a considerable period was classified as a port of refuge. In Britain, the history of lifeboats dates (two outliers excepted) to Henry Greathead's 1790 boat at South Shields on the River Tyne in England; in 1824 the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) was founded, to take a nationwide interest in the provision of lifeboats, but it was relatively ineffective in its earliest years. Lifeboat provision prior to about 1850 was a matter for local communities, with little institutional support. In 1854, the RNIPLS was renamed the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). Dunbar ranks amongst the earlier harbours to be equipped with a lifeboat, equipping itself with a boat of Henry Greathead's design and manufacture, together with a boat-carriage, boathouse and a Manby apparatus, in 1808. The initiative to establish a station at Dunbar came from George Miller, a native of the town, son of a merchant and established as a bookbinder and bookseller, but having had a long fascination with seafaring. By his own account, he had as a child conceived of mortar-launched lines as a means of reaching shoreline wrecks, many years in advance of George William Manby's successful implementation of the idea, and remained fascinated by shipwreck and rescue. Miller became acquainted with South Shields' lifeboat initiative, when he spent some days from 6 April 1789 undertaking work experience with a bookseller in the town. 1789 was a year in which the town was the 'epicentre of lifeboat innovation', arising out of the highly visible and protracted wrecking of a vessel, the Adventure, on the Herd Sands to the north-east of the South Shields on 14 March. The Newcastle-upon-Tyne Trinity House to hold a competition for the design of a lifeboat, which led to the adoption of Greathead's design. Miller, with others, campaigned from as early as 1793 for the establishment at Dunbar of a lifesaving operation, suggesting both a mortar and line, and a lifeboat, but their aspirations came to nothing. It took until 1807, prompted by the death of a sailor on 6 September in a shoreline wreck at Thorntonlock, to the east of Dunbar, before Miller's ideas got traction. He floated a proposal for a lifeboat in the Edinburgh Evening Courant and quickly a committee of local 'worthies' was formed, and as quickly, a subscription raised above £366, which by 1808 yielded a Greathead lifeboat, station, carriage and minimal float for expenses. David Anderson's 2002 paper on The Dunbar Lifeboat notes five occasions on which it responded to mariners in distress, but notes that there are no good records of its employment. On 18 December 1810, HMS Pallas was wrecked in the Firth of Forth. In two trips, the Dunbar lifeboat rescued 45 men. On the third trip, she was overloaded, and capsized. 11 men, including lifeboat man B. Wilson, were lost. Lack of competent management of the affairs of the lifeboat station brought the Dunbar service to an end sometime after 1818, when damage to the Greathead lifeboat went unrepaired, and it was found to be unavailable to assist with an 1821 wrecking. From about 1830, Dunbar was served by a Rocket Brigade using Mandy apparatus. It was not until 1864 that the town petitioned to a reinvigorated RNLI for a replacement boat. On 1 October 1845, Lt. Sydenham Wylde, RN, along with five coastguard boatmen, set out to go to the aid of a fishing boat which had been wrecked. Their boat was also wrecked, and all six men were lost. The RNIPLS made donations to their families. 1864 onwards It was announced in the RNLI journal "The Lifeboat" of 2 October 1865, that the Institution had established a lifeboat station at Dunbar. "It is anticipated that the boat will be of great service to the fishing-boats of the place on occasions of storms, as well as to other vessels that may be wrecked in the locality. The life-boat will be available for a considerable length of coast, as there are sandy beaches, both north and south of Dunbar, with good roads leading to them, which will enable the boat to be readily transported thither on its carriage." A 33-foot (10 m) self-righting 'Pulling and Sailing' (P&S) lifeboat, one with sails and (10) oars, along with its carriage, was transported to Dunbar free of charge by the Great Northern, North Eastern, and North British Railway Companies, arriving in Dunbar in April 1864. A new boathouse was constructed by the Victoria Harbour, at a cost of £165. The lifeboat was funded by the gift of £300 from Lady Cuninghame-Fairlie, and at her request, the lifeboat was named Wallace. In a strong northerly gale on 7 March 1877, the steamship James was seen drifting towards Belhaven. After much effort, both horses and men dragging the lifeboat out over soft sand, the lifeboat was launched, By now, the vessel had gone ashore, but the crew of four were rescued. The vessel broke up soon afterwards. On 13 October 1877, the Dunbar lifeboat capsized whilst out on exercise. Two crewmen, R. Clements and Robert Harkes were lost. Three men were brought ashore by the lifeboat on 27 February 1882, when the lighter Sophia, was seen displaying a signal of distress, whilst on passage to Dunbar from Newcastle-upon-Tyne with a cargo of coal. She was riding the sea at anchor, after her tugboat broke a shaft, and was set loose, but was in danger of being lost in the poor conditions. In 1901, the first boathouse was demolished, and a new one constructed on the same site at Victoria harbour by Mr A. Gordon, at a cost of £633. Since 1968, it has housed the Inshore lifeboat. It was extended and refurbished in 1996. Skateraw lifeboat station In 1907, to resolve the difficulties that were encountered transporting the Dunbar lifeboat overland, it was decided that a satellite lifeboat station be established at Skateraw, 5 miles (8.0 km) to the south-east of Dunbar. When required, the lifeboat would also be operated by the Dunbar crew. The station remained in service until 1943. For further information, please see:– Skateraw Lifeboat Station Sir Ronald Pechell Bt 14-09 Sir Ronald Pechell Bt (ON 1207) was a Trent-class All-weather lifeboat that operated at Dunbar from 1995 to 2008. During the Easter weekend of 2008, the lifeboat was damaged beyond economic repair, after her moorings snapped during severe storms and she was driven ashore. The Sir Ronald Pechell Bt, valued at £208K in 2008, cost £1.05M to build in 1995 and in her 13 years of service at Dunbar had launched 206 times and rescued 171 people. The Trent-class lifeboat, 14-35 John Neville Taylor (ON 1266) from the relief fleet, was allocated to the station as a permanent replacement. Station honours The following are awards made at Dunbar: RNIPLS Silver Medal for the rescue of the master of the sloop Brothers, 4 March 1827 Randal Stap, Chief Officer, H.M. Coastguard – 1827 for the rescue of 4 from the sloop Peggy, 28 August 1830 Lt. Charles Shaw, RN, H.M. Coastguard, Redheugh – 1830 for rescuing the master and one of the crew of the schooner Susan, 9 January 1852. James Brown, Commissioned Boatman, H.M. Coastguard – 1852 for rescuing the skipper and his nephew of the fishing yawl William and James, 28 February 1852. Robert Turnbull, fisherman – 1852 RNLI Silver Medal for the rescue of six from the SS King Ja Ja of Swansea, 13 October 1905. Walter Fairbairn, Coxswain Superintendent – 1905 RNLI Bronze Medal for the rescue an injured man in the water, 23 December 1970. David Brunton, crew member – 1970 for the rescue of two people from their yacht Ouhm, 15 May 2009 Gary Fairbairn, Coxswain – 2010 Thanks of the Institution inscribed on Vellum for the rescue an injured man in the water, 23 December 1970. Jonathan J A Alston – 1970 for his seamanship and leadership searching for divers, 6 October 1990 Robert Wight, Coxswain – 1991 Framed Letters of Thanks signed by the Chairman of the Institution for the rescue an injured man in the water, 23 December 1970. five crew members – 1970 Lady Swaythling Trophy for outstanding seamanship 2010awarded by the Shipwrecked Mariners and Fishermen’s Royal Benevolent Society for the rescue of two people from their yacht Ouhm, 15 May 2009 Gary Fairbairn, Coxswain – 2010 Royal Humane Society Testimonial on Parchment for the rescue of a boy who had fallen over the cliffs. R. G. Brunton, Second Coxswain – 1953 Letter of Appreciation from the German Government for the assistance given by the lifeboat to the S.S. Berkenan of Bremerhaven Dunbar Lifeboat – 1932 British Empire Medal for services to Maritime Safety Kenneth John Headley, Fundraiser – 2015 Roll of honour In memory of those lost whilst serving Dunbar lifeboat. Lost on service to HMS Pallas when the lifeboat capsized, 18 December 1810 B. Wilson All six coastguard men drowned when their boat wrecked, attempting a rescue of a fishing boat, 1 October 1845 Lt. Sydenham Wylde, RN – 1845 Wiiliam Clements – 1845 David Davey – 1845 Peter Davey – 1845 Wiiliam Lucas – 1845 Wiiliam Miller – 1845 Lost when the lifeboat Wallace capsized on exercise, 13 October 1877 R. Clements Robert Harkes (36) Dunbar lifeboats Pulling and Sailing (P&S) lifeboats All-weather lifeboats Inshore lifeboats See also List of RNLI stations List of former RNLI stations Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats Notes References Sources Anderson, David (2002). "The Dunbar Lifeboat" (PDF). Transactions of the East Lothian Antiquarian and Field Naturalists Society. 25. External links Dunbar RNLI Lifeboat Station