NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Fort of São Teodósio da Cadaveira, Estoril

The Fort of São Teodósio da Cadaveira, located at Estoril, Lisbon District, Portugal, is one of a series of more than a dozen fortresses built between 1642 and 1648 during the period of the Portuguese Restoration War with the purpose of forming a defensive line between the Tower of Belém on the RiverTagus and Cabo da Roca on the Atlantic coast, in order to defend the city of Lisbon. Its construction began in April 1642, and was concluded the following year. Its location permitted crossfire with the nearby Fort of Saint Anthony of Barra to protect the cove of the Poça Beach. It was named in honour of Teodósio, 9th Duke of Bragança, the first-born son of John IV of Portugal. Design and history The fort was erected under the supervision of António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Marialva. The design follows the standard layout of coastal fortifications built at that time, with a square fort divided into two rectangular spaces; one for the battery and one for accommodation. Although during the following centuries the fortress underwent improvements, the basic construction was never changed. In the years following, works to reinforce the fort included the construction of a curtain wall outside, with a parapet all around to serve as a first line of defence. At the beginning of the 18th century, three brick houses were built on the eastern facade. Reports later in the 18th century were that the fort was ruined. However, in 1805 it served as shelter for troops trying to prevent the landing of any vessel because of the threat of cholera. During the Portuguese Civil War (1828–1834) the fort regained its importance. Restoration work began on June 3, 1831, and was carried out in one month. After ceasing to be required for military reasons in 1843, the fort was given to the Holy House of Mercy (Santa Casa da Misericórdia) of Cascais. In 1942, after the construction of a new coastal road known as the Marginal, when some of the fort's parapets were demolished, the fort was transferred to the Portuguese Customs Authority. Some rehabilitation was carried out in 1950 and 1958 and in the 1960s the fort served as a tea house. Subsequently, it was transferred to the Municipality of Cascais, which includes the town of Estoril, with the intention that it be restored. However, as of 2018 the fort had been abandoned and had fallen into considerable disrepair. References Media related to Forte de São Teodósio (Cascais) at Wikimedia Commons
Fort of São Teodósio da Ponta do Cavalo

The Fort of São Teodósio da Ponta do Cavalo is a coastal fort located in a dominant position at the extreme west of the Bay of Sesimbra in the Setúbal District of Portugal. It was built between 1648 and 1652. History During the period of the Portuguese Restoration War (1640-68), King John IV undertook a project to modernize the coastal defences of the country. This included the remodelling of existing fortresses and reinforcing their firepower, together with the construction of new fortresses located in strategic positions. The Fort of São Teodósio was part of the defensive line of the stretch of coast, known today as the Costa Azul (Blue Coast), stretching from Albarquel to Sesimbra, which was designed to assist with the defence of the important maritime settlement of Setúbal. The fort was named in honour of the Crown Prince, Dom Teodósio, Prince of Brazil. It was executed by the military engineer Sebastião Pereira de Frias. Built in the Mannerist style from stone and brick, it has an irregular polygonal plan, with two square bastions and a circular tower in the centre. The fortification was badly damaged by the earthquake in 1755 but never lost its strategic importance. In the 19th century it was garrisoned at the time of the Peninsular War, during the first French invasion led by General Junot (1807-08). Abandoned by troops in 1822, it was again used during the Liberal Wars (1828-34), but fell into disrepair thereafter. In 1895 a lighthouse was installed inside the fort. In the twentieth century, the original layout of the fort was altered to accommodate construction of a harbour and its access road. It is now occupied by the Portuguese Navy, which is also responsible for managing the lighthouse. Visits are not possible. References
Forte de São Vicente de Torres Vedras

O Forte de São Vicente de Torres Vedras localiza-se na cidade e no Município de Torres Vedras, região Oeste e distrito de Lisboa, em Portugal. Erguido no cimo de um dos mais altos montes que cercam o vale onde se implanta a cidade, integrava as chamadas Linhas de Torres, um conjunto de fossos, trincheiras, traveses e posições de fogo, que remonta à época da Guerra Peninsular. História Iniciado em 1809, este forte constituía-se em um dos principais pontos defensivos das Linhas de Torres, com a função de defesa da estrada que unia Coimbra a Lisboa. Encontra-se classificado como Imóvel de Interesse Público. Características O forte compreende um conjunto de três redutos, envolvidos por um muro perimetral com cerca de 1.500 metros de extensão. Encontrava-se artilhado com trinta e nove peças e guarnecido por 2.200 homens, podendo comportar até 4.000 homens, em caso de necessidade. Contava ainda com um posto telegráfico. Juntamente com o Castelo de Torres Vedras, então artilhado com onze peças, constituíam os dois redutos da vila, defesa complementada por uma bateria fechada, próxima do Varatojo. Referências Ligações externas «Inventário do Património Arquitectónico (DGEMN)» «Instituto Português de Arqueologia» «Pesquisa de Património / IGESPAR» «Forte de São Vicente - Câmara Municipal de Torres Vedras» «Galeria de Imagens do Forte de São Vicente de Torres Vedras» Torres Vedras Antiga
Fort of Alto do Duque

The Fort of Alto do Duque is located 75 meters above sea level at the southwestern tip of the Monsanto Forest Park, in the parish of Ajuda, in Portugal's capital of Lisbon. Built at the end of the 19th century as part of Lisbon's Campo Entrincheirado (Entrenched Field) defensive ring around the city, with the intention that it, together with the Fort of Bom Sucesso, would defend against attacks along the River Tagus, the fort is now headquarters of the criminal investigation division of the Polícia de Segurança Pública (PSP) in Lisbon. Construction Construction of the fort took place between 1875 and 1890, on land that was part of a farm owned by the Duke of Cadaval. Situated on a hill with dominant view over the downtown area of the Lisbon suburb of Algés and the Tagus, it has an irregular pentagonal shape, largely buried at the level of the land, and surrounded by a moat. The central area is covered by a dome. There is also a separate barracks building separated from the main building by the moat and connected by a bridge. The fort is officially named as “Military Building No. 31 / Lisbon. Uses On 17 April 1901, it was the scene of the first wireless connection in the country, transmitting a message across the Tagus to a receiving station installed at the Fort of Trafaria, on the other bank of the Tagus, a distance of 4,300 meters. During a period of labour strikes in 1912 it was, together with several other forts, used to detain strikers. The fort was equipped with four 15 cm SK L/40 naval guns manufactured by Krupp. Starting in 1932, a detachment trusted by the regime, known as the "Detachment of Alto do Duque Fort", was posted there. In 1936, it responded to the artillery fire of Portuguese naval vessels that revolted and tried to leave the Tagus to support the Spanish Republican cause in opposition to General Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). During the period known as the Processo Revolucionário Em Curso (Revolutionary process in progress) following the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, which overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime, the fort was briefly headquarters to COPCON, a military command created by the left-leaning Armed Forces Movement. This was dissolved after the failed left-wing Coup of 25 November 1975. Later it hosted the Defence Strategic Information Service (SIED), before being transferred to the PSP. References
Forte do Alto do Duque

O Forte do Alto do Duque localiza-se no extremo sudoeste do Parque Florestal de Monsanto, na freguesia de Ajuda, no município e distrito de Lisboa, em Portugal. História A sua construção deu-se entre 1875 e 1890, em terrenos que faziam parte da quinta do Duque do Cadaval. Integrava a linha de fortificações do Campo Entrincheirado de Lisboa que defendia a barra do rio Tejo na altura de Monsanto, juntamente com o Forte do Bom Sucesso. No século XX serviu de base a um destacamento militar com o seu nome, criado em 1932. Entrou em combate em 1936, respondendo o fogo da artilharia dos navios portugueses que se revoltaram e tentaram sair do Tejo para apoiar as forças republicanas espanholas, durante a Guerra Civil Espanhola. A seguir à Revolução dos Cravos serviu de quartel-general ao Comando Operacional do Continente (COPCON). Nessa capacidade, era um dos alvos da Intentona de 11 de Março de 1975, aeronaves dos spinolistas circundando a zona nesse dia para intimidamento, mas afastadas por tiros dos defensores. Frustrado o seu plano noutras frentes, os atacantes não chegariam a colocar tropas nas imediações do forte. O COPCON é extinguido com o 25 de Novembro desse ano. Na década de 1990, instalou-se aí, durante algum tempo, o quartel-general do Comando Operacional das Forças Terrestres. Foi sede do Serviço de Informações Estratégicas de Defesa (SIED) até 2015. Actualmente, desde Abril de 2019, é a sede da Divisão de Investigação Criminal da PSP de Lisboa. Em setembro de 2019 o forte faz parte da lista de edifícios militares a alienar publicada em Diário da República. Características O forte apresenta planta no formato pentagonal irregular. Encontra-se enterrado, ao nível da cota do terreno, envolvido por um fosso. Compreende edifício da caserna independente. Em seu interior compreende ainda uma construção de planta centralizada, com cisterna de abóbada tornejante. Referências Ligações externas «Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico (DGPC)» «Instituto Português de Arqueologia» Forte do Alto do Duque na base de dados Ulysses da Direção-Geral do Património Cultural
Fort of Bom Sucesso

The Fort of Bom Sucesso (Portuguese: Forte do Bom Sucesso) is located slightly to the west of the Belém Tower in Belém in the municipality of Lisbon, in Portugal. It now houses the Museu do Combatente (Combatant’s museum) and the Monument to Overseas Combatants. History Construction of the fort, which follows a polygonal outline on the right bank of the River Tagus, was started in 1780 under the direction of General Guilherme de Vallerée. A residence for the governor of the fort was added soon after, within the perimeter. On the basis of an inscription over the main entrance, it appears that the fort was completed in 1802. In 1808, during the occupation of Lisbon by French forces commanded by Marshal Junot, the fort was connected to the Belém Tower by an artillery battery, known as the left flank battery. In 1815, after the French had been defeated, a right flank was added. By 1836 the fort was in ruins and it was effectively abandoned until 1870. It underwent extensive modernization between 1870 and 1874, after which it received two Krupp 28 cm Haubitze L/12 howitzers, and became one of a number of forts, known as the Campo Entrincheirado (Entrenched Field) of Lisbon, that formed a defensive perimeter that followed the boundaries of Lisbon at the time. Later, its defence consisted of five 120mm Schneider pieces. During the failed coup attempt of 18 May, 1925, an attempt was made to attack the fort. During the Portuguese Colonial War (1961 – 1975) the Fort of Bom Sucesso served as the headquarters of the Military Postal Service. It was also one of the eight batteries under the Barron Plan for the defence of Lisbon and Setúbal, with two 5.6cm guns. After the Carnation Revolution on 25 April 1974, which overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime, it hosted the Command of the Military Intervention Group, a body set up by the Revolutionary Council to maintain law and order. Later it was the headquarters of the Association of 25th of April, an organization that brought together the members of the military who initiated the Carnation Revolution. The Combatant’s Museum On January 13, 1999, the fort was officially handed over to the Portuguese League of Combatants, which manages the museum. It offers a permanent exhibition indoors, as well as three external areas with equipment related to the various branches of the Armed Forces. The permanent exhibition covers World War I, the colonial campaigns (known in Portugal as the overseas campaigns), and peace missions. The museum also has social areas, conference and projection rooms, and a bar. References Media related to Forte do Bom Sucesso at Wikimedia Commons
Forte do Bom Sucesso

O Forte do Bom Sucesso, também referido como Bateria do Bom Sucesso, localiza-se na atual Praça do Império, junto à Torre de Belém, freguesia de Belém, Município e Distrito de Lisboa, em Portugal. História Foi iniciado em 1780, entre as praias do Bom Sucesso e Pedrouços, na margem direita do rio Tejo, para complemento da linha defensiva de Belém, sob a direção do general Guilherme de Vallerée, tendo sido concluído em 1782. No contexto da Guerra Peninsular terá sido erguida a residência do governador da fortificação, no perímetro do baluarte, também às expensas da Coroa portuguesa, de acordo com inscrição epigráfica sobre uma das portas de entrada, que reza: "(...) A REAL / CROA PARA PATRIMO / NIO DA FORTALEZA / DO BOM ÇOCEÇO / ANNO DE 1802" O forte sofreu extensas obras de modernização entre 1870 e 1874, quando recebeu duas peças de artilharia Krupp L/12 de 280mm, em torre, passando a integrar a defesa constituída pelo Campo Entrincheirado de Lisboa. Posteriormente a sua defesa foi reforçada com mais duas peças Schneider de 120mm. Na primeira década do século XX, as peças Krupp foram substituídas por mais três peças Schneider de 120mm. Quando da revolta de 18 de Abril de 1925, decretado o estado de sítio, Jaime Baptista, evadido da Fortaleza de São Julião da Barra, assaltou o Forte do Bom Sucesso. Na década de 1950 encontrava-se guarnecido pela 4.ª Bateria do Regimento de Artilharia de Costa do Exército Português. Na atualidade, a partir de 1994, as dependências do antigo forte passaram a integrar o Monumento aos Combatentes do Ultramar. Requalificado como espaço museológico, administrado pela Liga dos Combatentes, apresenta como exposição permanente a mostra "O Combatente Português". Ao ar livre encontram-se três espaços com equipamento relativo aos diversos ramos das Forças Armadas. O museu conta ainda com zonas de convívio, salas de conferência e de projecções, e bar. Características O forte apresenta planta poligonal. A sua bateria ligava-se à parede oeste do baluarte da Torre de Belém através de um corredor muralhado. A residência do governador apresenta planta retangular. A sua fachada principal é dividida em três panos, marcados por duas pilastras adossadas, dois registos e águas furtadas. Ao centro, no piso inferior, abre-se um grande arco que, através de um túnel, permitia a passagem para a praia do Bom Sucesso, passagem atualmente entaipada. Do seu lado esquerdo foram rasgadas duas janelas de peito; do direito, duas portas. No piso superior abrem-se seis janelas de sacada, duas em cada pano, com varandim de ferro. Ao nível das águas furtadas, existem seis mezzaninos. A fachada posterior é, em tudo, semelhante à principal. Curiosidades Humberto Delgado, que ficaria conhecido como "o general sem medo", comandou o Regimento de Artilharia de Costa em 1951. O compositor Raúl Ferrão, depois de vir de África, foi comandante do Forte do Bom Sucesso. Galeria Ligações externas Inventário do Património Arquitectónico (DGEMN) Forte do Bom Sucesso na base de dados Ulysses da Direção-Geral do Património Cultural Instituto Português de Arqueologia Imagens exteriores do Museu, Bateria e Monumento
Fort of Milreu

The Fort of Milreu, also known as the Fort of St. Peter of Milreu (Portuguese: Forte de São Pedro de Milreu), is situated on the Atlantic coast 3km north of the town of Ericeira in Lisbon District of Portugal. Part of a programme to extend Portugal's coastal defences, it was built between 1670 and 1675. History The Fort of Milreu, was built after the Portuguese Restoration War between Portugal and Spain. Lessons learned from this war, which ended with the Treaty of Lisbon (1668), convinced the Portuguese of the need to reorganise their coastal defences by building numerous fortresses and forts along the entire coastline of the country. The choice of Milreu as a location to erect a fort was because this was the ideal place to both defend against maritime access to Ericeira from the north and protect against landings on the Beach of Ribeira de Ilhas, immediately to the north of the fort. By 1680 the fort was already garrisoned, supplied with artillery and in full operation. Rectangular in shape and in a Mannerist style, it consisted of a battery with cannons, two circular bartizans with a conical cover, three barracks and a guardhouse. A side staircase, led to a terrace protected by a parapet. However, by 1751 it was reported to be in a poor condition as a result of a harsh winter and this was aggravated by the earthquake on 1 November 1755. By 1796 the garrison consisted of 7 soldiers and 5 gunners, and the artillery one bronze cannon and five iron cannon. The fort was abandoned in 1806 and by 1821 it was reported to be in an advanced state of ruin. Significant repairs were made in 1831-32 during the Portuguese Civil War and in 1832 it was garrisoned by Miguelist forces and artillery. However, by 1853 it was again abandoned and in a degraded state. In 1871, parts of the fort were used in the rebuilding of the Church of São Pedro da Ericeira. With no remaining military function its bronze cannon were sent to Lisbon in 1880 and it was occupied by the Portuguese Fiscal Guard in 1891. Some repair work was carried out between 1908 and 1910 but this ceased with the dissolution of the monarchy in 1910. In 1940, work finally began to restore the fort but the following year it officially ceased to be considered a military fortification and responsibility for its management was handed over to the Ministry of Finance. Between 1946 and 1992 there were many ideas for the use of the building, such as a café or restaurant, but none materialised. The Fort of Milreu was classified as a Property of Public Interest in 1977 and the Directorate General of National Buildings and Monuments (DGEMN) rebuilt the wall and made other repairs in 1984 and in 2001. Nevertheless in 2019 it remained in a degraded condition. References
Forte do Porto Novo

O Forte do Porto Novo localizava-se no povoado do Porto Novo, na freguesia de Caniço, concelho de Santa Cruz, na ilha da Madeira, Região Autónoma da Madeira. Sobre a margem direita da foz da ribeira do Porto Novo, era servido pela estrada velha do Caniço. História Foi iniciado em 1827 pelo então governador e capitão-general da Madeira e Porto Santo, José Travassos Valdez. Ainda em obras, quando da tomada da ilha pelas tropas Miguelistas no ano seguinte (1828) foi danificado pela explosão de um caixote de munições. As suas obras foram concluídas por D. Álvaro da Costa de Sousa de Macedo. Ver também Lista de fortificações na Madeira Ligações externas «Verbete "Fortalezas" no "Elucidário Madeirense".»
Fort of Zambujal

The Fort of Zambujal, also referred to as the Fort of Casas Velhas, is located near the town of Zambujal-Casas Velhas, in the parish of Carvoeira, municipality of Mafra, Lisbon District, Portugal. Constructed in 1809–1810, at 102 metres above sea level, it was one of the forts and other military works built by British and Portuguese troops to protect Lisbon from French forces, forming part of the Second Line of defence of the so-called Lines of Torres Vedras. Each work was given a number and Zambujal was No. 95. History The threat of invasion of Portugal by the French during the Peninsular War (1807–1814) led to the construction of the Lines of Torres Vedras, to protect Lisbon from Napoléon Bonaparte's troops. The defences were ordered by the British commander, the Duke of Wellington after two French invasions had already been repelled. By so doing he was also seeking to protect his own retreat and possible evacuation if overwhelmed by French forces. The fort was built on a hill, allowing it to defend the surrounding gorge and valley and the road from Ericeira to Sintra. A third French invasion, headed by Marshal André Masséna, advanced to the Lines of Torres Vedras but could not pass them and after five months the French troops were forced to retreat. At its peak the fort was garrisoned by 250 soldiers and equipped with two cannon. Built into rock the stronghold of the fort has a hexagonal design and is surrounded by a moat. It was built with a pronounced bastion for the cannon, connected to the stronghold by a tunnel through the rock. In 2009 archaeological excavations were carried out to analyze the construction techniques used. In the same year conservation and restoration works to control erosion and restore the fort were also carried out using funds from the European Economic Area Financial Mechanism allocated to restoration of the Lines of Torres Vedras. Gallery See also List of forts of the Lines of Torres Vedras References External links Friends of the Lines of Torres Vedras
Forte do Zambujal

O Forte do Zambujal, também designado de Forte das Casas Velhas, localiza-se na freguesia da Carvoeira, no Município de Mafra, Distrito de Lisboa, em Portugal. Integra a segunda das chamadas Linhas de Torres. Situa-se na extremidade Oeste da segunda linha, na Serra Gorda, em posição sobranceira ao rio Lisandro e à sua afluente, a ribeira da Vidigueira. Aproveitando uma elevação do terreno, dominava a região envolvente e a estrada que ligava Ericeira a Belas, passando pela Carvoeira. No contexto da Guerra Peninsular tinha como função a defesa das praias da foz do rio Lisandro e de São Julião apoiando a frota inglesa e o controlo da estrada entre Ericeira e Sintra. Em articulação com os restantes redutos da Carvoeira, deveria cobrir uma eventual retirada luso-britânica pela foz do Lisandro e a estrada da Carvoeira. Em 2009 tiveram lugar trabalhos de escavação arqueológica que permitiram definir a planta da fortificação e analisar as técnicas construtivas utilizadas nas estruturas em terra (traveses) e nas estruturas em madeira (paliçada e plataforma), realizados pelo Gabinete de Arqueologia da Câmara Municipal de Mafra. Nesse mesmo ano, a Câmara Municipal de Mafra procedeu trabalhos de conservação e restauro que permitiram a estabilização da erosão e a recuperação das estruturas derrubadas, com fundos dos Mecanismos Financeiros do Espaço Económico Europeu e da Noruega. Foi declarado, juntamente com todo o conjunto das fortificações das Linhas de Torres Vedras, património nacional pela Direção-Geral do Património Cultural (DGPC) no dia 1 de Março de 2018, sendo classificado como Monumento Nacional em 21 de Março de 2019. Características Apresenta planta compósita, constituída por um reduto principal de planta quadrangular (adaptado ao terreno) e ligado por um túnel a uma segunda estrutura, que deverá ter funcionado como plataforma de tiro ou de observação. Toda a área se encontra delimitada por um fosso. Evidenciam-se três elementos construtivos: - Um reduto central de planta hexagonal irregular com um fosso seco, escavado na rocha, que envolve toda a estrutura; - Um baluarte avançado onde eram dispostas as bocas-de-fogo; e - Ligação entre o reduto e a bateria através de um túnel escavado na rocha e de um fosso. No interior do reduto localizam-se o paiol e alguns traveses, elevações em terra para protecção do fogo inimigo. Referências