NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Église de la Compagnie de Cuzco

L’église de la Compagnie (en espagnol : Iglesia de la Compañía de Jesús) est un édifice religieux catholique construit par les Jésuites au centre de la ville de Cuzco, ancienne capitale de l’Empire inca, au Pérou. Sise sur la place d’armes, l’église fut édifiée à partir de 1576 sur le site d’un palais Inca. Exemple de baroque colonial espagnol, elle eut une grande influence sur l’architecture religieuse dans les pays andins. Gravement endommagée par un tremblement de terre en 1650, elle fut reconstruite et achevée en 1668. Histoire La construction de la première église commença en 1576 sur le terrain de l’ancien palais de l’Inca Huayna Capac qui était un des plus grands palais bordant la place principale de Cuzco (alors appelée Qosqo), capitale de l’Empire inca. Les jardins du palais furent donnés à Hernando Pizarro. Des années plus tard, la propriété fut achetée par Diego de Silva y Guzman et son épouse Teresa Orgoez, qui en ont fait don aux Jésuites arrivés dans la ville en 1571. L'église fut fortement endommagée lors du tremblement de terre de 1650. Cela permit, dès l’année suivante, d’envisager la mise en chantier d’un projet plus ambitieux. Les travaux allèrent bon train et le nouvel édifice fut inauguré dès 1668. L’architecte en est probablement le jésuite flamand Jean-Baptiste Gilles (au nom hispanisé en Juan Bautista Egidiano). Les travaux de façade furent dirigés par Diego Martinez de Oviedo. Description La façade au dessus du portail d’entrée est de type ‘autel’, dessinée comme un retable de pierre s’élevant à hauteur de deux étages des tours-clochers, et les reliant. Les tours, de hauteur moyenne sont en pierre soigneusement travaillée, à partir du premier étage. La partie inférieure est libre de toute décoration, tandis que les parties supérieures ont des « balcons » avec des rebords en saillie. Le deuxième étage des tours sont les deux clochers, des hublots laissant les cloches visibles de l’extérieur. Les tours-clochers sont de plan carré et l’église de croix latine avec un dôme octogonal surplombant la croisée du transept. Patrimoine Une peinture représentant la ‘Transfiguration du Christ' surplombe l’autel principal. Elle est l’œuvre du peintre jésuite Diego de la Puente. Le collège jésuite adjacent était dédié à la Transfiguration. L’œuvre d’art principale que l’on trouve dans l’église est une représentation du Mariage de Martin Garcia Oñaz de Loyola (neveu d’Ignace de Loyola) avec Béatrice Qoya’ (fille de Sayri Tupac et petite nièce du roi inca Tupac Amaru). L’auteur de la toile n’est pas connu. L’œuvre est considérée comme emblématique de l’école artistique de Cuzco, alliant art baroque espagnol et tradition locale. D’autres œuvres d’art de Marcos Zapata, un maître de la peinture baroque espagnole, de Cipriano Gutiérrez et d'autres. De part et d’autre de l’entrée du sanctuaire : des toiles représentant des scènes de la vie de saint Ignace de Loyola :le saint guérissant des malades et victorieux des hérétiques et schismatiques de la Réforme. Portail de l’architecture chrétienne Portail de la Compagnie de Jésus Portail du Pérou
Mesa Redonda, Lima

Mesa Redonda is a shopping centre in the neighbourhood of Barrios Altos, part of the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The area is surrounded by Huanta and Cuzco streets, as well as Abancay and Nicolás de Piérola avenues. Known for its informality, its the site of a number of fires, notably that of 2001. History The area is mainly related to the wholesale pyrotechnics industry and festive events, including the businesses near the street of the same name and its surroundings Cuzco, Andahuaylas and Puno, in part of the pre-Hispanic canal of Huatica, considered Cultural Heritage of the Nation. It occupies an area of around 90 thousand m2 and is home to around nine thousand merchants, fifteen thousand in 2012, who are found in hundreds of stores among the 163 galleries or small shopping centres. Initially, as reported by El Comercio in the 1950s, Mesa Redonda was an area for street food sales. The place was modernised in the 1980s with the urban expansion of Lima, and during the mandate of Mayor Alberto Andrade it housed several merchants. Since 1994 the original gallery has been owned by Ricardo Wong and operated jointly by the Chamber of Entrepreneurs and Merchants of Mesa Redonda. Next to the central market, it is one of the well-known commercial areas in the centre of Lima that concentrates the popular market. Around 200,000 visit the gallery every day, with records of 700,000 buyers on the night before Christmas Eve in 2015, and around a million on the last day of 2017. A Global Research Marketing survey in 2014 indicates that one in every four respondents would buy school supplies in this area. In 2019 the estimated daily revenue was US$20 million. Incidents The place is infamous for being a repeat offender of fires in the city, a product of the invasion of informal commerce, including the formation of clandestine warehouses and their expansion in the narrow street that hinders their evacuation. Between 1991 and 2010, eight fires of considerable magnitude were recorded, including the one that occurred in 2001 with more than 270 deaths in total. Meanwhile, between 2014 and 2016, the majority of city fire reports were made in this area. In 2021, a small fire was recorded again. In 2003 it had 11 hydrants in case of a possible fire threat within its so-called "critical zone." In 2023, the commercial area was declared a rigid zone by the Municipality of Lima to prevent street sales and parking. In that year, measures were taken to mitigate quota collection mafias while Christmas shopping was carried out. See also Mercado Central de Lima Jirón Gamarra References
Mesa Redonda (Lima)

Mesa Redonda es el nombre del emporio comercial ubicado en el distrito de Lima, Perú. Contexto La zona está principalmente relacionada con la industria mayorista de la pirotecnia y eventos festivos,​ comprendida de los negocios cerca de la calle homónima y sus aledaños Cusco, Andahuaylas y Puno,​ en parte del canal prehispánico de Huatica, considerado como Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación.​ Ocupa un área alrededor de 90 mil metros cuadrados y albergan alrededor de nueve mil comerciantes, quince mil en 2012,​ que se encuentran en centenas de tiendas entre las 163 galerías o pequeños centros comerciales.​​​ Inicialmente, según reportó El Comercio en los años 1950, Mesa Redonda fue una zona de venta ambulatoria de comida.​ El lugar se modernizó en la década de 1980 con la expansión urbana de la metrópolis,​ y durante el mandato del alcalde Alberto Andrade se alojaron a varios comerciantes.​ Desde 1994 la galería original es propiedad de Ricardo Wong y operada en conjunto por la Cámara de Empresarios y Comerciantes de Mesa Redonda.​ Junto al mercado central es una de las conocidas zonas comerciales del centro de Lima que concentra el mercado popular. Alrededor de 200 mil visitan la galería cada día,​ con récords de 700 mil compradores para vísperas de Nochebuena, en 2015,​ y alrededor del millón para el último día del año 2017.​ En una encuesta de Global Research Marketing en 2014 señala que uno de cada cuatro encuestados compraría útiles escolares en esta zona.​ En 2019 los ingresos diarios estimados fueron de 20 millones de dólares.​ Incidentes El lugar es infame por ser reincidente de los incendios en la ciudad, producto de la invasión del comercio informal, incluyendo la formación de almacenes clandestinas y su expansión en la estrecha calle que obstaculiza sus evacuación.​​​​ Entre 1991 y 2010 se registraron ocho incendios de considerable magnitud, incluido el sucedido en 2001 con más de 270 fallecidos.​ Mientras tanto, entre 2014 y 2016 la mayoría de reportes de incendios de la ciudad se realizaron en esta área.​ En 2021, volvió a registrarse un incendio de bajas proporciones. En 2003 contó con 11 hidrantes ante un eventual amago de incendio dentro su denominada "zona crítica".​ En 2023 la zona comercial fue declarada como zona rígida por la Municipalidad de Lima para evitar la venta ambulatoria y el estacionamiento.​ En ese año se realizaron medidas para mitigar las mafias de cobro de cupos mientras se realizan las compras navideñas.​ Véase también Emporio Comercial de Gamarra Barrios Altos Referencias
List of ambassadors of Chile to Peru

The Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Chile in Peru is the official representative of the Government in Santiago de Chile to the Government of Peru. The ambassador operates the Chilean embassy located in the district of San Isidro, located in Lima. Both countries established relations in 1822 and maintained them in an amicable manner until the War of the Pacific in 1879, which has left a feeling of Anti-Chilean sentiment in Peru since. This situation improved somewhat however after the signing of the 1929 Treaty of Lima, although a minor territorial dispute between both states remains to this day. Relations between both countries were first severed during the aforementioned War of the Pacific, being reestablished in its immediate aftermath. During the Chilean–Peruvian territorial dispute over the Chilean-controlled territories of Tacna and Arica, Peru twice severed relations with Chile: first in 1901 until 1906 over the Chilenization policies carried out by Chile over the territories, and then in 1910 until 1928 after the expulsion of Peruvian priests from the city of Tacna. List of representatives See also List of ambassadors of Peru to Chile References
List of ambassadors of Paraguay to Peru

The Paraguayan ambassador in Lima is the official representative of the Government in Asunción to the Government of Peru. Both countries established relations on November 13, 1858, which have continued since. During the Paraguayan War, the Peruvian Minister of Foreign Affairs, José Toribio Pacheco, made a statement defending the country in 1866. List of representatives See also List of ambassadors of Peru to Paraguay References Bibliography Scavone Yagros, Ricardo (2022). Paraguay y Perú: de la primera misión diplomática a los gobiernos de Stroessner y Belaunde (1862-1963) (PDF) (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Lima: Editorial Tiempo de Historia. ISBN 978-9972-671-93-7.
List of ambassadors of Bolivia to Peru

The Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Bolivia to the Republic of Peru is the official representative of the Plurinational State of Bolivia to the Republic of Peru. History Both Bolivia and Peru share a common history in the fact that both nations were once part of the Inca Empire and then as part of the Spanish Empire. Relations between both countries were established soon after their independence. Since then, relations have been turbulent, from a territorial dispute arising from the independence of Bolivia, to both countries allying themselves against Chile during the War of the Pacific. Nevertheless, relations between both nations have remained close and both nations work together in South American multilateral organizations. There have been numerous visits between leaders of both nations, and Bolivia was allowed to build a port south of Peru's port of Ilo in 2010. In 2023, Vladimir Cerrón, former Regional Governor of Junín, unsuccessfully sought refuge at the embassy's chancery and residence, both located in San Isidro District. The news reached the National Police of Peru, who sent patrol units to both buildings. List of representatives See also List of ambassadors of Peru to Bolivia References Bibliography Novak, Fabián (2013). Las Relaciones Entre el Perú y Bolivia (1826–2013) (in Spanish). Lima: Konrad Adenauer Foundation. p. 29. ISBN 978-9972-671-18-0.
Embassy of China, Lima

The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Peru is the diplomatic mission of the People's Republic of China to Peru. The embassy is serviced by the Chinese ambassador to Peru. History The embassy opened in February 1972, one year after the military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado recognized the People's Republic of China instead of the Republic of China as the sole government of China. The Taiwanese government only opened a representative office six years after the closure of its embassy, in 1978. The embassy's opening was met with festivities organised by pro-Beijing committees, who welcomed the new Chinese ambassador upon his arrival at Jorge Chávez International Airport in numbers that reached up to 500 people. At the time, however, many Chinese Peruvians identified with the Nationalist government in Taipei, which caused a division in the community that faded in the following decades. In 1985, during the internal conflict in Peru, the embassy was bombed alongside the Soviet and U.S. embassies. The attacks were carried out with dynamite, with the attack on the Chinese embassy destroying its front door. The embassy was again attacked in 1989. In 2000, the embassy was relocated to San Isidro. On January 25, 2023, the building's main entrance was blocked by protestors as part of a series of protests by supporters of former president Pedro Castillo. Residence The ambassador's residence is located within the embassy's grounds, located at 183 Parque Javier Prado street, which faces Alfonso Ugarte Park. List of representatives See also China–Peru relations Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Peru Notes References Bibliography Zhang, Xiaoxu (2022-09-19). "La identidad política de los inmigrantes chinos en el Perú con su país de origen: a principios de la década 1970s". Ibero-América Studies. 4 (2): 30–38. doi:10.55704/ias.v4i2.04. S2CID 252402046.
Embassy of Egypt, Lima

The Embassy of Egypt in Lima (Russian: Embajada de Egipto en Lima; Arabic: سفارة جمهورية مصر العربية في ليما) is the diplomatic mission of the Arab Republic of Egypt to the Republic of Peru. The chancery is located at 1470 Jorge Basadre Grohmann Avenue, in the Orrantia del Mar neighbourhood of San Isidro District, Lima. The current Egyptian ambassador to Peru is Ahmed Hamdi Bakr. History Peru and the United Arab Republic (UAR) first established relations on October 7, 1963, with the Arab country being the first with which Peru established relations in Africa. The Egyptian embassy in Lima opened the same year relations were established, with the Peruvian mission being the oldest in the continent. One of Egypt's ambassadors, Samy Tawfik Ismail, was one of the initial hostages of the Japanese embassy hostage crisis. List of representatives Below is a list of representatives of the United Arab Republic and Egypt to Peru. See also Egypt–Peru relations List of ambassadors of Peru to Egypt References
List of ambassadors of Guatemala to Peru

The Guatemalan ambassador to the Peruvian Government in Lima is the official representative of the Government in Guatemala City to the Government of Peru. Both countries established relations in 1857, after Peruvian diplomat Pedro Gálvez Egúsquiza was sent in 1856 to Central America on a mission to establish and improve relations with the states of said region. Relations have continued since. List of representatives See also List of ambassadors of Peru to Guatemala References
List of ambassadors of Mexico to Peru

The ambassador of Mexico to Peru is the highest ranking diplomatic representative of the United Mexican States to the Republic of Peru. The ambassador services the Mexican embassy, located at the district of San Isidro, in Lima. In 2025, the embassy was reduced to an interests sections due to Peru breaking diplomatic relations with Mexico. Background Historically, both nations were host to great indigenous cultures; the Aztecs and Mayas in Mexico and the Incas in Peru. During colonization, both nations were part of the Spanish Empire until the early 19th century. Mexico was part of Viceroyalty of New Spain while Peru was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Peru were established on March 3, 1823 (but informally date back to October 6, 1821). On the same date, the first Peruvian ambassador to Mexico presented his credentials to Emperor Agustín de Itúrbide. This was two years after Peru gained its independence from Spain. In October 1892, Mexico opened its first consulate in Lima followed by the opening of an embassy on 14 June 1937. Peru inaugurated an embassy on January 17, 1966. Relations between both countries have historically been continuous and amicable, with few exceptions. In 1932, a letter written by Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (at the time exiled in Mexico) was published in the Peruvian press, having been delivered to Lima via a Mexican diplomatic pouch. The event caused Peru to freeze its relations with Mexico, only reestablishing them on May 23 of the following year with the mediation of Spain. Following the souring of relations due to Mexico's role in the 2022 political crisis in Peru, relations were not severed despite the designation of Mexican ambassador to Peru, Pablo Monroy Conesa, as a persona non grata as well as the declaration of an ultimatum for him to leave the country. During this period, First Lady Lilia Paredes and her two children were granted diplomatic asylum, staying at the embassy's residence in Coronel Portillo Avenue prior to their departure. In 2025, relations were severed by Peru after Mexico granted the asylum request of former Prime Minister Betssy Chávez on November 3, giving chargé d'affaires Karla Tatiana Ornelas Loera an ultimatum to leave the country. In the meantime, security was tightened at the chancery in Jorge Basadre Avenue, as well as the residence, where Chávez would be staying. List of representatives See also List of ambassadors of Peru to Mexico References
List of ambassadors of Panama to Peru

The Panamanian ambassador in Lima is the official representative of the Government in Panama City to the government of Peru. Both countries established relations on December 18, 1903, after the Separation of Panama from Colombia. Relations have continued since, with both countries having close ties both historically and currently. The ambassadors of Panama have been involved in a number of political events in Peru, most notably the 1954 extradition of Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre and the 1996 Japanese embassy hostage crisis. List of representatives See also List of ambassadors of Peru to Panama References
Колка (каньон)

Колка е каньон на река Колка в южната част на Перу, разположен на около 160 km северозападно от Арекипа. С дълбочина около 1000 – 2000 m, Колка е един от най-дълбоките каньони в света. Дължината му е около 70 km. Долината Колка е колоритна долина в Андите с население, обитаващо региона отпреди инките, и градове, основани през испанските колониални времена, все още обитавани от хора от културите Колагуа и Кабана. Местните хора поддържат традициите на предците си и продължават да култивират стъпаловидите тераси, наречени андени. Каньонът Колка е третата най-посещавана туристическа дестинация в Перу с около 120 000 посетители годишно. Източници
Colca-Tal

Das Colca-Tal (auch Colca-Canyon; spanisch Cañón oder Valle del Colca) ist eine Schlucht bei Chivay in Peru, 97 km nördlich von Arequipa. Sie ist – je nachdem, ob man vom höchsten Berggipfel nahe der Schlucht aus bis zum Río Colca misst oder vom Rand der Schlucht – 3.269 m bzw. 1.200 m tief. Der Grand Canyon ist dagegen (nur) etwa 1.800 m tief. Damit ist der Cañón del Colca, nach der Taraschlucht in Montenegro mit 1.300 m, der dritttiefste Canyon der Welt. Aus geologischer Sicht ist der Cañón del Colca mit weniger als 100 Millionen Jahren als jung zu betrachten. Felsmalereien und Höhlen, in denen einst die sogenannten „Colcas“, Behälter für die Lagerung von Getreide, aufbewahrt wurden, zeugen von der Vergangenheit der Collagua-Kultur; der ursprünglichen Bewohner der Region. Die oberen Hänge des Cañons sind vielfach von menschlicher Hand zu Terrassen strukturiert, viele davon schon mehrere hundert Jahre alt, die die heutigen Bewohner für ihre effiziente Landbebauung verwenden. Diese Terrassenstrukturen gaben dem Gebirgszug der Anden seinen Namen. Cruz del Condor Zwischen Cabanaconde und Chivay befindet sich das Kreuz des Kondors (Cruz del Condor). Die 2–3 m Flügelspannweite des Kondors ist geradezu prädestiniert, um die erste schwache Morgenthermik zu nutzen und um zwischen acht und zehn Uhr ruhig am Canyonrand zu kreisen. Am Kreuz des Kondors ist es meist kühl und äußerst zugig. Fauna 2010 wurde im Colca-Tal die Arequipa-Vespermaus (Calomys achaku) entdeckt. Bildergalerie Weblinks Fotos und Infos zum Colca-Tal Einzelnachweise
Canyon de Colca

Le canyon de Colca est un canyon profond de 3 270 m situé au nord d'Arequipa au Pérou. Il était autrefois considéré comme le canyon le plus profond du monde, avant d'être détrôné par un canyon voisin, le canyon de Cotahuasi profond de 3 535 m. Son point culminant est à 4 350 m d'altitude et la rivière de Colca coule au fond de la vallée. À environ 40 km de Chivay, le premier village de la route qui longe le canyon, on trouve un mirador naturel (appelé Cruz del Condor) d'où l'on peut voir planer des condors profitant des courants ascendants. Après la ville de Chivay, le canyon devient de plus en plus étroit, la route devenant par endroits non carrossable. Quelques points de vue sur le canyon ont été aménagés. On tombe alors sur la ville de Cabanaconde, d'où partent quelques treks en direction du fond du canyon, et de la rive opposée vers les villages de San Juan de Chucco, Tapay, Malata… Certains de ces villages ne sont à ce jour toujours pas reliés au réseau routier. Les mules sont les seuls moyens de transport pour alimenter en vivres (et autres biens) ces lieux reculés. Au fond du canyon (soit plus de 1 000 m de dénivelé avec Cabanaconde), le village de Sangalle est surnommé l'Oasis et sert de refuge aux trekkeurs. Quelques lodges y ont été aménagés pour le repos du randonneur avant la remontée (1 à 2 h de marche intense). Des piscines avec eau naturelle y ont été construites. Ce village n'est pas non plus relié au réseau routier. Galerie Lien externe Liens externes Portail de la géographie Portail du Pérou
Colcakloof

De Colcakloof is de kloof van de Colca in het zuiden van Peru, ongeveer 160 kilometer van Arequipa. Ze is meer dan twee keer zo diep als de Grand Canyon in de Verenigde Staten van Amerika. Daarentegen zijn de muren niet zo recht als bij de Grand Canyon. De Cotahuasikloof, meer noordwest gelegen, is gemeten op 3.501 meter diep. De Colcavallei is een kleurrijk gebied met pittoreske dorpjes. De lokale bevolking houdt zich nog aan de oude tradities en leefwijze en maakt gebruik van landbouwterrassen. De naam Colca is afgeleid van de gaten die in de kloof te zien zijn. Deze gaten heten Colca's. Ze werden gebruikt door de Inca's en Pre-Inca's om voedsel in te bewaren voor slechtere tijden, zoals aardappelen en ander voedsel dat langer mee kan. Ze werden ook gebruikt als graven voor belangrijke mensen.De Spanjaarden hebben het gebied veroverd en overal kerken gebouwd. Vanaf 1980 kun je het gebied bereiken via autowegen, die strak langs de rand van de kloof gebouwd zijn. De enige weg is vanuit Arequipa. 'Cruz del Condor' is een toeristische plek. De kloof is het woongebied van de Andescondor. Ze vliegen door de kloof, meestal 's ochtends en 's avonds. In de tussentijd zijn ze op zoek naar aas in een verder gelegen gebied. De condors zijn in trek bij toeristen, die dicht bij de condors kunnen komen. Soms naderen de condors tot zo'n 5 meter boven de toeschouwers. 'Cruz del Condor' wordt flink bezocht door de toeristen. Vanaf dit punt is de kloof 1200 meter diep. in Chivay, de grootste stad van het gebied, vindt men de 'La Calera'-warmwaterbronnen.