NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Römisches Bad (Beirut)

Das Römische Bad ist eine archäologische Ausgrabungsstätte einer römischen Therme im Zentrum der libanesischen Hauptstadt Beirut, des antiken Berytos. Ausgrabungsstätte Die Ausgrabung liegt unter freiem Himmel. Freigelegt wurde beispielsweise das Caldarium, der Warmraum der Therme. In Bereichen, in denen die Abdeckung des Fußbodens fehlt, ist die Unterkonstruktion des Hypokaustums, die säulenartige Lagerung der Fußbodenabdeckung und der so für die Warmluft gebildete Freiraum zu erkennen. Daneben ist ein Wasserbecken freigelegt. Die Ausgrabung ist ganztägig und kostenfrei zu besichtigen. Literatur Kevin Butcher, Reuben Thorpe: A note on excavations in central Beirut, 1994–96. In: Journal of Roman Archaeology 10, 1997, S. 291–306 (Digitalisat). Weblinks Roman Baths in Beirut bei Frommer’s Einzelnachweise
Roman Baths, Beirut

The Roman Berytus (Roman Baths) are located in the middle of downtown Beirut, Lebanon between Banks Street and Capuchin Street. The remains of a Roman bath of Berytus now surrounded by government buildings were found and conserved for posterity. Overview The Roman Baths is an ancient Roman thermae or bath site inside the Roman city of Berytus. It was discovered in 1968–1969 and underwent major renovation in the mid-1990s. The archaeological ruin of one of the baths has been preserved and is occasionally used as a performance space, thus reflecting the ancient traditions of the site. One of the baths is used as an artistic performance and concert space. The modern site is also home to Mediterranean-style gardens that contain a variety of medicinal plants once used in bathing balms. The Roman bathhouse was a meeting place for all citizens. It had four major bath chambers. The bather moved from warm to hot baths, through rooms of varying temperatures. Located under the floor, the heating system (hypocaust) allowed the air, warmed by wood fires in adjacent vaults, to circulate between pillars of terracotta disks that heated the marble floor; terracotta pipes in the walls allowed the air to rise up to the ceiling. Water from the boiler fed the marble-tiled pools in the hot room (caldarium), and a large stone basin (labrum) contained cool water for the bathers’ use. The bathing routine ended with a body massage of therapeutic oils. The high vaulted, spacious halls of the bathhouse also accommodated performances of jesters and musicians. History The Berytus Baths were discovered in 1968, then underwent major renovation in the mid-1990s. Roman Berytus had four major bath complexes (thermae) and the first was created in the early first century under Augustus. The terrible Berytus earthquake of 551 AD destroyed all the baths. Today, one of the baths is used as an artistic performance and concert space. The modern site is also home to Mediterranean-style gardens that contain a variety of medicinal plants once used in bathing balms. Actually the gardens of these "Baths" are located inside the famous Garden of Forgiveness of modern Beirut. See also List of Roman public baths Serail Hill Roman baths (Amman) References Bibliography Mouterde, René et Lauffray, Jean (1952) Beyrouth ville romaine, Publications de la Direction des Antiquités du Liban, Beyrouth. Lauffray, Jean (1977) « Beyrouth. Archéologie et Historie, époques gréco-romaines. I. Période hellénistique et Haut-Empire romain", Aufstieg und Niedergang der Romischen Welt. II.8 : 135-163, Wallter de Gruyter, Berlin. Beirut.com
Thermen van Beiroet

De Thermen van Beiroet of de Termen van Berytus zijn de Romeinse thermen van Beiroet. Deze Romeinse ruïnes liggen in het Centrum van Beiroet. Rondom de thermen zijn nu regeringsgebouwen te vinden en de Tuinen van vergeving. De termen zijn gelegen tussen de Capijcijnerstraat en de Bankenstraat. De archeologische opgraving werd ontdekt in 1968 en gerenoveerd in de jaren 1990.
Castle Square, Beirut

Castle Square is a square in Beirut, Lebanon, named after Beirut Castle that stood nearby until demolition in the late 19th century. Remains of a western extension of the castle are preserved within the square. Timeline 8th century: Reinforcement of the Tell with a fortress. Crusader period: A 6-meter-wide moat separated the southwestern tower from the lower city, protecting the castle from attacks. 1827 and 1840: Heavy naval bombardments rendered the castle obsolete. 1890s: The fort and the castle promontory were demolished to construct a road and railway. See also Beirut Castle Martyrs' Square, Beirut References Antaki, Patricia (2001) “The Crusader Castle of Beirut”, in: Beirut: History and Archaeology, Proceedings of ARAM Twelfth International Conference (American University of Beirut Lebanon 13-16 April 1999), Aram 13-14: 323-353. Davie, Michael F. (1985) «Trois cartes inédites de Beyrouth», Annales de Géographie de l'Universite Saint-Joseph 5:37-82. Davie, Michael F. (1987) “Maps and the historical topography of Beirut”, Berytus 35: 141-163.
Al-Majidiyyeh Mosque

The Al-Majidiyyeh Mosque (Arabic: جامع المجيدية) is a mosque, located in Beirut, Lebanon. Originally a fort, the building was converted into a mosque in the mid-19th century and named after Sultan Abdul Majid. Damaged during the Lebanese Civil War, the mosque was restored in 2004. History Originally a fort overlooking the harbor, the fort formed an integral part of the city ramparts. Deserted, it then served as an Ottoman army munitions magazine and as a warehouse used by wood merchants. In 1841, a group of Beirut citizens collected funds to restore the building, adding a new structure on its western side. In 1844, the building was converted it into a mosque, and named it ‘Al-Majidiyyeh,’ in honor of Sultan Abdul Majid. The mosque was enlarged in 1906 when pointed arches - fashionable in Beirut at the end of the 19th century – were added to its façade. In 1974, the monument was entirely renovated. Its location between Khan Antoun Bey and Souk Al-Tawileh made it very vulnerable and the mosque was severely damaged during the early years of the Civil War (1975–1990). Post-war restoration started in 2000 and was completed in 2004. It included the reinstatement of an entrance from Khan Antoun Bey Square and the addition of a new, taller minaret. See also Islam in Lebanon List of mosques in Lebanon Trablos Street Beirut Souks Souk al-Tawileh References Further reading Les lieux de culte au Liban (in French). Beyrouth: Ministère du Tourisme. External links Media related to Al-Majidiyyeh Mosque at Wikimedia Commons
St. Elias Cathedral, Beirut

Saint Elias Greek Catholic Cathedral is a Melkite Greek Catholic cathedral located in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, dedicated to Saint Elias, completely restored after the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) on previous constructions dating to a Choueirite convent from the 19th century. Its plan followed the Byzantine style. History A convent of Choueirite monks and a church dedicated to Saint Elias once stood on this site. They were both built towards the end of the 18th century, following the split in the Beirut Melchite community into Orthodox and Catholic churches. In danger of collapse, this complex was reconstructed between 1847 and 1849 under Bishop Agapios Riachi, producing the present three-nave cathedral. Its plan followed the Byzantine style, while the interior combined both baroque and Islamic features. During the first half of the 20th century, the exterior of the cathedral was restored twice, first in 1901, then between 1940 and 1950. The construction in the 1930s of the Assicurazioni Generali building blocked the view of the cathedral from Etoile Square. Severely damaged during the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), the cathedral has been completely restored. The renovation reopened its main entrance on the west side, and replaced the former living quarters of the bishop with a bell tower and a reception hall. A colonnaded open courtyard – peristyle – of a Roman public building was uncovered during the works. See also Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Beirut and Byblos Sources Les lieux de culte au Liban. Ministère du Tourisme, Beyrouth Information provided by the Archbishop's palace in Beirut References External links https://www.tripadvisor.com.br/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g294005-d3384303-i45759244-Cathedrale_St_Elie_des_Grecs_Catholiques-Beirut.html http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/5281.htm
Catedral de San Elías (Beirut)

La Catedral de San Elías​ o simplemente Catedral Católica Greco Melquita de Beirut. Es una catedral católica de rito greco melquita situada en el centro de Beirut,​ en el Líbano,​ dedicada a San Elías, completamente restaurada después de la guerra civil libanesa (1975-1990) con construcciones anteriores que datan de un convento Choueirite del siglo XIX. Su plan seguía el estilo bizantino. Es la catedral de la archieparquía de Beirut y Jbeil. Un convento de monjes Choueirite y una iglesia dedicada a San Elías una vez se ubicó en este sitio. Ambos fueron construidos hacia finales del siglo XVIII, siguiendo la división en la comunidad de Melquita de Beirut en iglesias ortodoxas y católicas. En peligro de colapso, este complejo fue reconstruido entre 1847 y 1849 bajo el Obispo Agapios Riachi, produciendo la actual catedral de tres naves. Su plan seguía el estilo bizantino, mientras que el interior combinaba rasgos barrocos e islámicos. Durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, el exterior de la catedral fue restaurado dos veces, primero en 1901, luego entre 1940 y 1950. La construcción en la década de 1930 del edificio Assurazione Generale bloqueó la vista de la catedral desde la plaza Etoile. Severamente dañado durante la guerra civil libanesa (1975-1990), la catedral ha sido completamente restaurada. Véase también Iglesia católica Catedral de San Elías Referencias
Cathédrale Saint-Élie de Beyrouth

La cathédrale Saint-Élie est la cathédrale melkite catholique de Beyrouth. Située dans le centre-ville, elle est dédiée à saint Élie[Lequel ?]. Elle ne doit pas être confondue avec la cathédrale Saint-Élie-et-Saint-Grégoire-l'Illuminateur, de rite arménien catholique. Entièrement restaurée après la guerre de 1975-1990, elle est de style byzantin. Histoire Un monastère de moines choueirites avec son église dédiée à saint Élie est construit à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, après la rupture entre les melkites orthodoxes et les melkites catholiques. L'ensemble monastique est reconstruit entre 1847 et 1849 sous l'épiscopat de Mgr Agapios Riachi, avec l'actuelle cathédrale à trois nefs, de style byzantin, l'intérieur combinant des éléments baroques et orientaux. Pendant la première moitié du XXe siècle, l'extérieur de la cathédrale a été restauré deux fois, en 1901, puis dans les années 1940. La construction dans les années 1930 de l'immeuble des Assicurazioni Generali de style Art déco bloque désormais la vue de la cathédrale vers la place de l'Étoile. L'édifice a été gravement endommagé pendant la guerre de 1975-1990 et a mis plusieurs années à être restauré après la guerre. La cathédrale n'est à nouveau consacrée qu'en décembre 2010, après vingt-huit ans de travaux. L'entrée principale par la façade occidentale a été restaurée, tandis que les appartements de l'évêque ont été remplacés par le clocher-tour et par une grande salle. On a découvert pendant les travaux un péristyle de l'Antiquité romaine. C'est ici que furent célébrées les funérailles de Mgr Grégoire Haddad, surnommé l'« évêque rouge », le 27 décembre 2015. Notes et références Sources Les lieux de culte au Liban, Ministère du Tourisme, Beyrouth Informations obtenues auprès de l'évêché Voir aussi Articles connexes Église grecque-melkite catholique Liens externes Cathédrale des Grecs-Catholiques de Beyrouth (en) gcatholic.org Portail du Liban Portail du catholicisme Portail de l’architecture chrétienne Portail des chrétiens d’Orient
Catedral de Santo Elias

A Catedral Greco-Católica de Santo Elias é uma catedral greco-católica melquita localizada no centro de Beirute, Líbano , dedicada a Santo Elias , completamente restaurada após a Guerra Civil Libanesa (1975–1990) sobre construções anteriores que datam de um convento choueirita do século XIX. Seu plano seguiu o estilo bizantino. História Um convento de monges choueiritas e uma igreja dedicada a Santo Elias já existiram neste local. Ambos foram construídos no final do século XVIII, após a divisão da comunidade melquita de Beirute em igrejas ortodoxas e católicas. Em risco de ruir, este complexo foi reconstruído entre 1847 e 1849 sob o bispo Agapios Riachi , dando origem à atual catedral de três naves. Sua planta seguiu o estilo bizantino , enquanto o interior combinava características barrocas e islâmicas. Durante a primeira metade do século XX, o exterior da catedral foi restaurado duas vezes, primeiro em 1901 e depois entre 1940 e 1950. A construção do edifício da Assicurazioni Generali na década de 1930 bloqueou a vista da catedral a partir da Praça Étoile. Severamente danificada durante a Guerra Civil Libanesa (1975-1990), a catedral foi completamente restaurada. A renovação reabriu sua entrada principal no lado oeste e substituiu os antigos aposentos do bispo por uma torre sineira e um salão de recepção. Um pátio aberto com colunas – peristilo – de um edifício público romano foi descoberto durante as obras. Referências
Grand Théâtre des Mille et Une Nuits

The Grand Théâtre des Mille et Une Nuits (commonly known as the Grand Théâtre; Arabic: التياترو الكبير) was a theatre located in downtown Beirut, Lebanon. The structure is currently unused. Overview It was designed by Youssef Aftimos and built in the 1920s by Jaques Tabet (a poet and theater lover). The building opened in 1929. The Grand Théâtre hosted throughout the years international performances and movie productions. History It was part of a commercial center that housed a hotel, rental apartments, offices and shops. The construction of the Grand Théâtre on the corner of Emir Bashir and Syria streets blocked the original 1878 design of a major thoroughfare connecting the harbor to the Pine Forest at the city's southern limit. The horseshoe-shaped auditorium of the theatre accommodated 630 seats with an orchestra, two balconies, and machinery for stage sets. A small electrically-operated steel dome slid on rails, allowing the roof to open for ventilation. A domed ceiling with decorated stained glass covered the lobby. The Grand Théâtre opened in 1929 with a French musical called No, No, Nanette, adapted from a Broadway success. The theatre later hosted the Comédie Française, the Ballet des Champs-Elysées, the Egyptian Ramses Group, and concerts by Abdel Wahab and Um Kalthoum. The Grand Théâtre also screened international movie productions and catered for major literary and charity events. From the 1960s onwards, it operated solely as a movie theater. During the Lebanese civil war the building was used for various purposes (pornographic movies projection, field hospital). It was damaged and was progressively abandoned due to the heavy fighting in the area. After the war the Grand Théâtre fell under the control of Solidere. The facade was restored and the building partially repaired. Solidere had plans to convert the building into a boutique hotel, but as of today the Grand Théâtre remains unused. Timeline 1920s: the Grand Théâtre is designed by Youssef Aftimus and built by Jacques Tabet 1929: opening 1960s: the Grand Théâtre is repurposed as a movie theater 1975-1990: damaged by the civil war 1994: ownership transferred to solidere. Restoration of the facade and partial repairs. 2019: large numbers of Lebanese found an opportunity to rediscover the Grand Théâtre during the mass protests See also Art Deco Beirut Central District Comedie Francaise Moorish Revival architecture Theatre of Lebanon Youssef Aftimos References Sassine, Farès et Tuéni, Ghassan (direction) (2003) El-Bourj. Place de la Liberté et Porte du Levant, Editions Dar An-Nahar, Beyrouth. A Look inside Le Grand Théâtre de Beirut | Blog Baladi Georges Arbid Collection, Arab Center for Architecture, Beirut. External links Grand Theatre: a Tale of Beirut (video documentary by Omar Naim) Le Grand Théâtre de Beyrouth in 15 Breathtaking Pictures
Sayyidat al-Nouriyyeh

Sayyidat al-Nouriyyeh (Arabic: سيدة النورية) is a church in Beirut, Lebanon. History An old shrine dedicated to the Virgin Mary was in a room on the ground floor of a building in Souk al-Nouriyyeh, to the east of the Saint George Orthodox Cathedral. A vaulted entrance led to the shrine by way of a tiny intervening room. Sayyidat al-Nouriyyeh (Our Lady of Light) was believed to be a light that guided sailors and fishermen to safety. The shrine was adorned with three icons: one of Christ, one of all the saints, and one of the Virgin Mary, reputed to be miraculous. Sayyidat al-Nouriyyeh was widely visited by both Christian and Muslim inhabitants of Beirut. During the 1975-1990 Lebanese Civil War the shrine was burnt, looted and later completely destroyed, replaced in 2003 by the existing chapel. External links Description by Builders Design Consultants
Zawiyat Ibn Arraq

Zawiyat Ibn Arraq is located in downtown Beirut, Lebanon. Overview Beirut’s only remaining Mamluk building, built in 1517 by the religious authority Mohammad Ibn Arraq Al-Dimashqi. Initially a hospice, it remained a private madrasa (college of jurisprudence) and a zawiya until late Ottoman times. Construction A small domed building is all that remains today of the late Mamluk zawiya (prayer corner) of Ibn ‘Arraq Al-Dimashqi. In 1517, Ibn ‘Arraq built a house and a ribat (hospice) in Beirut. It is recorded that he chose this location to be near the former house of Imam ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Ouzai’i (8th century). The arches of the standing building once opened to other rooms and courtyards. History A small domed building is all that remains today of the late Mamluk zawiya (prayer corner) of Ibn ‘Arraq Al-Dimashqi. Born in Damascus, Ibn ‘Arraq was a religious authority. In 1517, he built a house and a ribat (hospice) in Beirut. It is recorded that he chose this location to be near the former house of Imam ‘Abd Al-Rahman al-Ouzai’i (8th century), whose reputation for holiness and justice spread throughout the Muslim world. Ibn ‘Arraq died in Mecca in 1526. His house remained a private madrasa (college of jurisprudence) and a zawiya for his followers. The arches of the standing building once opened to other rooms and courtyards. To safeguard its conservation, a steel brace protected the structure during construction. Timeline 1517: Ibn " Arraq Al-Dimashqi" built a house and a ribat in Beirut. 1526: Ibn ‘Arraq died in Mecca. See also Mamluk Zawiya (institution) References Hallaq, Hassan (1987) Al-tarikh alijtima'i wa al-siyasi wa al-iqtisadi fi Bayrut, [Social, Political and Economic History of Beirut], Dar al-Jami'at, Beirut. Hallaq, Hassan (1987) Bayrut al-mahrousa fil'ahd al-'uthmâni, [Beirut during the Ottoman Period], Dar al-Jami’at, Beirut. Seeden, Helga et al. (1995) Urban archaeology 1994: Excavations of the Souks Area, Beirut, Solidere, Beirut.
Lago di Qara'un

Il lago di Qaraʿūn (in arabo بحيرة قرعون‎?) è un lago artificiale che si trova nel Libano, nella parte meridionale della valle della Beqa'. Il lago si trova di fronte alla città di al-Qara'un e dista circa 65 km da Beirut. Il lago si è formato a seguito di uno sbarramento del fiume Leonte effettuato nel 1959. La diga, di 60 m di altezza e 1.350 m di lunghezza, è stata realizzata nell'ambito di un programma di sfruttamento del Leonte a fini di produzione di energia elettrica e per l'irrigazione. Una galleria di 6.503 metri porta l'acqua alla centrale idroelettrica sotterranea dove vengono prodotti un massimo di 185 megawatt. La diga è anche in grado di fornire irrigazione per 31000 ettari di terreni agricoli nel Libano meridionale e 8000 ettari nella valle della Beqāʿ. È possibile visitare la diga i cui uffici sono posti a sud del lago sul lato sinistro. Nei pressi del lago si trovano un albergo e un certo numero di ristoranti specializzati nella cucina delle trote fresche pescate dal lago. Voci correlate Geografia del Libano Qaraoun Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su lago di Qara'un
Karaun

Karaun – zaporowy zbiornik na rzece Litani, w Dolinie Bekaa, w Libanie o powierzchni ok. 65 km², pojemności 1,9 km³ oraz powierzchni nawadniana ok. 30 000 ha. Zapora zbiornika ma wysokość 76 m. Wody ze zbiornika są doprowadzane kanałem przez góry Liban na wybrzeże i zasilają 3 elektrownie wodne na rzece Nahr al-Anali. Zbiornik powstał w 1962.
Lac de Qaraaoun

Lac de Qaraaoun är en sjö i Libanon. Den ligger i guvernementet Mohafazat Béqaa, i den centrala delen av landet, 40 kilometer sydost om huvudstaden Beirut. Lac de Qaraaoun ligger 838 meter över havet. Arean är 5,5 kvadratkilometer. Den sträcker sig 4,8 kilometer i nord-sydlig riktning, och 2,0 kilometer i öst-västlig riktning. Trakten runt Lac de Qaraaoun består till största delen av jordbruksmark. Runt Lac de Qaraaoun är det ganska tätbefolkat, med 72 invånare per kvadratkilometer. Kommentarer Källor
Temnin el-Foka

Temnin el-Foka (Arabic: تمنين الفوقا) is a village located approximately 28 kilometers southwest of Baalbek in the Baalbek District, in the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon, at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level. The village is famous for its Roman nymphaeum which is close to the spring of Ain el-Jobb. History Temnin was settled since Roman times, but the original name is unknown. The town is divided into two municipalities, the other being Temnine Et Tahta. Ottoman tax registers from 1533–1548 indicate the village had 64 households and 11 bachelors, and one Imam, all Muslims. In 1838, Eli Smith noted Temnin el-Foka's (or "Temnin the upper") population as being predominantly Metawileh. The Roman nymphaeum The nymphaeum is an arched watercourse built of large stones that has been constructed 4 metres (13 ft) deep into a hill. It leads to a cistern underground. A gully has formed at the outflow, where a boundary pillar is carved with the image of a goddess. It resembles a similar cippus at Kafr Zabad. The inner walls consist of four layers of massive, roughly hewn cuboids up to the vault. Only the vaulted arch and two rows of stones on the side walls were preserved before the restoration. The stone blocks of the side walls were piled up again, the pillars and capitals are largely new. During the 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, UNESCO gave enhanced protection to 34 cultural sites in Lebanon including the Spring of Ain el Jobb archaeological site to safeguard it from damage. See also Roman gardens Temples of the Beqaa Valley References Bibliography External links Temnine El Faouqa, Localiban
Distrikt Jbeil

Der Distrikt Jbeil (arabisch قضاء جبيل, DMG Qaḍāʾ Ǧubail), auch: Distrikt Byblos ist ein Verwaltungsbezirk im Gouvernement Keserwan-Jbeil der Republik Libanon und liegt nordöstlich der Hauptstadt Beirut. Die Bezirkshauptstadt ist Byblos (libanesisches Arabisch: Jbeil, Aussprache wie: „Dschbejl“). Die Flüsse al-Madfoun und Fluss Abraham begrenzen den Distrikt jeweils zum Norden und zum Süden, wobei das Mittelmeer die Westgrenze und das Libanongebirge die Ostgrenze bildet. Bevölkerung Byblos wird vorwiegend von Maronitischen Katholiken bewohnt, gefolgt von einer Schiitisch-muslimischen Minderheit. Alle großen Städte des Bezirks sind von Maroniten bewohnt; darunter: Byblos, Qartaba, Akoura und Amshit. Die meisten Schiiten des Bezirks leben in den Dörfern Almat, Ras Osta, Hjoula and Bichtlida und im Hochland von Lassa, Afqa und Mazraat es-Siyad. Eine Griechisch Orthodoxe Minderheit bildet einen Teil der Bevölkerung und ist über einige Dörfer, lokal bekannt als „Qournet el-Roum“ (Römisches Horn) verteilt. Dazu gehören: Mounsef, Jeddayel, Helwe, Berbara, Gharzouz, Rihanneh und Chikhane. Der Distrikt Byblos ernennt drei libanesische Parlamentsabgeordnete. Davon sind zwei Maronitische Christen, der dritte Schiitischer Muslim. 2009 waren von den 75,584 Wählern des Distrikts 80 % Maronitisch Katholisch, 5 % Schiitisch Muslimisch und 5 % Griechisch Orthodox. Gemeinden Weblinks Einzelnachweise