NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Gymnasia Realit

The Gimnasia Realit or the Gimnasia Realit E. Karary (הגימנסיה הריאלית על שם א. קררי‎) is an Israeli high school, named in honor of its first principal Eliezer Karary. In 2024, it was ranked the 11th best high school in Israel. History It was established in 1939 in Rishon LeZion at the time of the 1936–39 Arab revolt during the Mandatory Palestine. It was the fifth high school in Israel and the first in Rishon LeZion. The school's first learning programs were devoted to humanities, in contrast with the present emphasis on the sciences, such as biotechnology and the TG (Talented and Gifted) classes. It merged with two middle schools in 2011 during a 40 million shekel rebuilding. The older school building was demolished before the merge. The Gimnasia's first location was on Herzl street in a three-room apartment and only 9 students graduated in its first year. The second housing of the school was on Abrahmovich neighbourhood, until the last move to Smilchansky street, where it is located as of 2013. Principals Eliezer Karary - 1939-1970 Gamliel Segal - 1970-1997 Shosh Winter - 1997-2012 Dalia Yeshaya - 2012-2018 Iris Ron - 2018-current Notable alumni Tal Dunne (born 1987), Welsh-born Israeli professional basketball player for Ironi Nes Ziona Igor Nesterenko (born 1990), Israeli-Ukrainian basketball player in the Israel Basketball Premier League References External links Official website
Al-Istiqlal University

Al-Istiqlal University (Arabic: جامعة الاستقلال) is a Palestinian university located in the city of Jericho. It is considered the newest of the Palestinian public universities and the first and only one specializing in security, military, and police sciences. Establishment Its foundation stone was laid in 1998 under the name The Palestinian Academy for Security Sciences. It was inaugurated in 2007 as a higher education institution. In 2011, it was converted into a university. The university became associated with the Mediterranean Universities Union in 2023. Colleges College of Humanities (or Faculty of Humanities). College of Administrative Sciences (or Faculty of Administrative Sciences) College of Law (or Faculty of Law) Institute of Training and Development (or Training and Development Institute) See also Education in the Palestinian territories List of Palestinian universities List of universities and colleges in Palestine References External links Al-Istiqlal-University
Princess Alia Governmental Hospital, Hebron

Princess Alia Governmental Hospital or Hebron Governmental Hospital is a government hospital in the Hebron city, West Bank, Palestine. It is managed by the Palestinian Ministry of Health. Importance It is considered one of the largest governmental health institutions and the central government hospital in the southern West Bank. It serves hundreds of thousands of citizens in the Hebron Governorate and neighboring areas, and works to localize health services and reduce referrals for treatment abroad. Establishment It was built in 1957 during the reign of King Hussein bin Talal, and it developed and expanded after the establishment of the Palestinian Authority. Clinical Capacity Its clinical capacity is approximately 237 beds. Key Services It includes multiple departments such as Emergency, Operations, General Surgery, Specialized Surgeries (such as Orthopedics, Neurosurgery, and Urology), Internal Medicine, Intensive Care, Artificial Kidney (Dialysis), and others. See also List of hospitals in Palestine References
Haifa Bat Galim central bus station

The Haifa Bat Galim central bus station was named after the Haifa neighborhood of Bat Galim. Until January 1, 2002, it served all Egged intercity bus routes originating and terminating in Haifa, as well as most local routes. The Bat Galim station was in use for about thirty years. The main building itself is a Brutalist mega-structure. The bus platforms at the Bat Galim central bus station were outdoors. The building also housed outdoor stores and restaurants. On the lower level, one side of the building was used for departures, and the other for arrivals. On the upper level, buses arrived on the side of the building used for departures below. There is a tower above the station. A pedestrian tunnel connects the Bat Galim railway station, the Bat Galim bus station and the eastbound bus stops on the opposite side of HaHagana Road. At the end of 2018, the Netsava company completed the acquisition of control of the complex. Today the building is completely abandoned and there is no activity in it. Replacement On January 1, 2002, the new HaMifratz central bus station opened. At that time, all buses coming from the North and the Galilee began to terminate at the new station, and new more frequent lines operated between the two stations. In late 2003, the Hof HaCarmel central bus station opened, replacing the Bat Galim central bus station as the main bus station in Haifa. All bus lines coming from the South now terminate there, and the Bat Galim station has become just a stop between the two other stations. Free transfers are available inside Haifa for passengers using Egged's intercity bus lines. All three stations connect to local lines within the city of Haifa as well. Continued use after replacement The Bat Galim bus station is now only used to store Egged buses, and the tower is used by Egged as office space. Intra-city buses now stop on the road, rather than inside the station, on the route between the Hof HaCarmel central bus station and the HaMifratz central bus station. Several buses have their terminus at new platforms outside the station. All of the original platforms are now closed, as are most stores and restaurants. The pedestrian tunnel is still in use. References
Gare routière centrale de Haïfa Bat Galim

La gare routière centrale de Haïfa Bat Galim (en anglais : Haifa Bat Galim central bus station) est une gare routière de Bat Galim, en banlieue de la ville de Haïfa, en Israël. Jusqu'au 1er janvier 2002, elle desservait tous les itinéraires d'autobus interurbains Egged au départ et à destination de Haïfa, ainsi que la plupart des itinéraires locaux. La gare routière de Bat Galim a été utilisée pendant une trentaine d'années. Le bâtiment est de style brutaliste. Portail des transports en commun Portail d’Israël
Charaša

Charaša, též Chareša (hebrejsky חרשה), je izraelská osada neoficiálního charakteru (tzv. outpost) v sídelním bloku u osady Talmon (tzv. Guš Talmonim) na Západním břehu Jordánu v Oblastní radě Mate Binjamin. Geografie Nachází se v nadmořské výšce cca 760 metrů na jihozápadním okraji hornatého hřbetu Samařska. Leží cca 20 kilometrů severozápadně od historického jádra Jeruzalému, cca 7 kilometrů severozápadně od Ramalláhu a cca 38 kilometrů jihovýchodně od centra Tel Avivu. Vesnice je na dopravní síť Západního břehu Jordánu napojena pomocí silnice 450, jež probíhá po jejím západním okraji a propojuje jednotlivá sídla v bloku Talmon. Charaša leží v hustě osídlené centrální části Samařska, kde se střídají palestinská sídla a židovské osady. Nachází se na východním okraji bloku Talmon, který tvoří územně souvislá síť židovských osad, zatímco dál k východu dominuje arabské osídlení. Dějiny Charaša byla založena v lednu 1997. Za jejím vznikem stála skupina mladých mužů z ješivy Merkaz ha-rav. Zástavba zpočátku sestávala z provizorních karavanů, osadníci čelili drsnému podnebí a absenci zpevněné příjezdové cesty. Vznik osady podporoval tehdejší zástupce náčelníka generálního štábu izraelské armády Moše Ja'alon, který vnímal lokalitu jako strategicky významnou. Význam vyvýšené lokality oceňoval i Ariel Šaron, který při cestě po okolí Talmonu doporučil zahájit její osidlování, nejprve prostřednictvím výstavby vodárenského zařízení s trvalou osádkou. Zpráva organizace Mír nyní z roku 2007 uvádí, že téměř 100 % osady stojí na pozemcích v soukromém vlastnictví Palestinců. Za vlády Ehuda Baraka čelila osada hrozbě vysídlení, později došlo k dohodě s vládou o oficiálním schválení existence osady. Ve vesnici je k dispozici synagoga, mikve, mateřská škola, knihovna a obchod se smíšeným zbožím. Demografie Přesně údaje o počtu obyvatel nejsou k dispozici, protože nejde o oficiálně samostatnou obec, byť fakticky má Charaša samostatné členství v Oblastní radě Mate Binjamin. Roku 2007 je tu uváděno 120 trvale bydlících obyvatel. Internetový portál Oblastní rady Mate Binjamin zde eviduje 50 rodin. Odkazy Reference Související články Švut Rachel Externí odkazy Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Charaša na Wikimedia Commons Oficiální profil na portálu Oblastní rady Mate Binjamin Archivováno 10. 12. 2015 na Wayback Machine.
Harasha

Harasha, eller Haresha (hebraisk:חרשה), er en jødisk landsby og israelsk bosættelse i Binyamin i det nordlige af Vestbredden, lokaliseret i Dolev nær Talmon. Ved 770 meter når udsynet fra byen Hadera i nordvest, Ashkelon i sydvest, og Jerusalem i øst. Harasha blev grundlagt i januar 1999 af en gruppe studenter fra Mercaz haRav med assistance fra bosætterorganisationen Amana. Omkring 35 familier, over 200 personer, bor i Harasha. De fleste voksne beskæftiger sig med uddannelse i form af studier eller undervisning. Eksterne henvisninger Village profile on Amana website Arkiveret 21. juli 2011 hos Wayback Machine
Harasha

Harasha, or Haresha (Hebrew: חרשה), is an Israeli outpost in the northern section of the West Bank, located in the Dolev region near Talmon. At 770 metres, the view from the village reaches Hadera in the northwest, Ashkelon in the southwest, and Jerusalem in the east. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. Israel further considers unauthorized outposts illegal under domestic law. History Harasha was established on 14 January 1999 by two students from Mercaz haRav with assistance from the Amana settlement organization. The name is taken from a Bible verse, mentioning Jews returning from different places in the Babylonian exile (Nehemiah 7:61: "The following came up from the towns of Tel Melah, Tel Harasha ..."). A year earlier, a water tower had been erected on the hilltop which until then had treeless rocky ground. Ariel Sharon would bring visitors to the hilltop to explain the importance of Israeli control over the West Bank ridges. About 35 families, including over 200 people, live in Harasha. The occupation of most of the adults is in education, either studying or teaching. The local public services provided include a synagogue, a kollel, a mikvah, nurseries and kindergartens. The village receives its municipal services from the Matte Binyamin Regional Council. According to the Sasson report, Haresha is an unauthorized settlement. In April 2010 National Infrastructure Minister Uzi Landau called for its legalization. References External links Village profile on Amana website Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine
Muzeum Beyt ha-Totchan

Muzeum Bejt ha-Totchan (hebr. בית התותחן) – muzeum wojskowe w północnym Izraelu, w mieście Zichron Ja’akow, poświęcone artylerii Sił Obronnych Izraela. Muzeum to jest też pomnikiem upamiętniającym artylerzystów poległych w konfliktach zbrojnych. Założone zostało przez byłych artylerzystów, przez organizację Jad ha-Totchanim powstałą w 1948 i eksponuje zarówno sprzęt wojskowy, jak i amunicję, dostępna jest też biblioteka. Wystawa obejmuje także eksponaty wystawione na wolnym powietrzu. Linki zewnętrzne Strona oficjalna. gal-ed.co.il. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2008-03-02)].
Ayelet HaShahar

Ayelet HaShahar (Hebrew: איילת השחר, lit. 'Hind of the Dawn') is a kibbutz in northern Israel acquired in 1892 and settled in the second Aliyah, located on the Korazim Plateau, by the Rosh Pina – Metulla road, it is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of the city of Kiryat Shmona and falls under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council. In 2024, it had a population of 1,105. Etymology The name of the kibbutz, literally Hind of the Dawn, is taken from the first line of Psalm 22 in reference to Najmat es-Subh (Arabic: نجمة الصبح, lit. 'Star of the Dawn'), the original name of the land on which the kibbutz is located. History The land was bought by the Jewish Colonization Association in 1892, and first settled by immigrants from Europe in 1915 during the Second Aliyah period. A census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, recorded a population of 78 Jews. During the end of the British mandate, the kibbutz was the staging ground for Palmach operations: Night of the Bridges and the bombing of the Yarmuk Bridge (16–17 June 1946). After the 1947–1949 Palestine war, Ayelet HaShahar took over the land from the newly depopulated Palestinian village of Yarda. Economy Ayelet HaShahar is one of the larger fruit producers in Israel. They also raise dairy cattle and poultry, and manage beehives (the kibbutz is a major producer of Israel's honey). There are fish ponds, which take water from canals that drain the nearby Hula Valley swamps. Landmarks Tel Hazor, the capital of Canaanite Galilee, lies opposite the kibbutz. The Archaeological Museum of Hatzor is located at the kibbutz. Antiquities from Tel Hazor are displayed, but many of the original artifacts are actually at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. Notable people Suki Lahav (born 1951), singer, songwriter, violinist, actress and novelist Avshalom Okashi (1916–1980), artist References Bibliography External links Official website (in Hebrew) What's happening to the kibbutz? article written by Ellis Shuman, June 16, 2004, mentions the vote by members of Kibbutz Ayelet Hashahar to transform their cooperative into a moshav. Mevo HaGalil Elementary School
Ayelet-Hashahar

Ayelet-Hashahar (אילת השחר) est un kibboutz situé dans le Nord d'Israël, à proximité du site archéologique de Hatzor et des villes de Hatzor-Haglilit et Rosh Pina. Ayelet-Hashahar, « La biche de l'aurore », fait référence au titre du Psaume 22, repris dans le nom du village arabe Nédjimat el-Soubah (« La gazelle du matin »). Historique Les terres sur lesquelles Ayelet-Hashahar est fondé sont achetées en 1892 par le YIKA, et le premier groupe de pionniers composé d'émigrants s'y installe en 1915. Durant le mandat britannique, le kibboutz est utilisé comme étape de passage pour les émigrants illégaux arrivés par la Syrie et le Liban. Il accueille les kibboutznikim de Makhar, le seul kibboutz français ayant existé en 1935. Lors de la Guerre d'Indépendance, Ayelet-Hashahar sert de base aux unités du Palmach. Aujourd'hui encore, on peut voir dans l'enceinte du kibboutz les restes de l'avion syrien abattu en 1948. Pendant la Guerre des Six Jours, Ayelet-Hashahar essuie les tirs syriens provenant du plateau du Golan. Pendant la Guerre au Liban de l'été 2006, de nombreux tirs de katiouchas provenant du Liban atteignent l'enceinte du kibboutz, provoquant d'importants dégâts matériels. Habitants et économie Ayelet-Hashahar compte 250 familles. L'économie des membres du kibboutz repose sur les bénéfices de l'agriculture et d'un complexe touristique abritant entre autres un hôtel et des chambres d'hôtes. Sources Mihal Snounit, Ayelet-Hashahar. Ed. Kéter. Jérusalem 1987. Aryé Yitzhaki Guide d'Israël Tome 2. Ed. Ministère de la défense. Jérusalem 1978. Michael Avi-Yonah, Guide d'Israël Tome 2. Ed. Ministère de la défense. Jérusalem 1978 Rafi Frankel, Guide d'Israël Tome 2. Ministère de la défense. Jérusalem 1978. Notes et références Portail d’Israël
Ajjelet ha-Szachar

Ajjelet ha-Szachar (hebr.: איילת השחר) – kibuc położony w samorządzie regionu Ha-Galil ha-Eljon, w Dystrykcie Północnym, w Izraelu. Leży na północy Górnej Galilei, w pobliżu granicy z Libanem. Członek Ruchu Kibuców (Ha-Tenu’a ha-Kibbucit). Historia Kibuc został założony w 1915 przez imigrantów z Europy. Gospodarka Gospodarka kibucu opiera się na intensywnym rolnictwie i turystyce. Tutejszą atrakcją jest Chasor. Linki zewnętrzne Zdjęcie satelitarne kibucu Ajjelet ha-Szachar Google Maps Mapa kibucu Ajjelet ha-Szachar
Hatikva Neighborhood Stadium

The Hatikva Neighborhood Stadium (Hebrew: אצטדיון שכונת התקווה, Itztadion Shkhunat HaTikva) is a multi-purpose stadium in the Hatikva Quarter of Tel Aviv in Israel. History The stadium was built in 1951, when the former stadium of Bnei Yehuda was built over. The club was forced to find a different location and its members invaded an abandoned open space to the south of the Hatikva Quarter and built the stadium there. At first, the field was oriented north-south, but the club was forced to re-orient the stadium to south-north, as a building was built on the pitch's north edge. In 1959, following Bnei Yehuda's promotion to the top division, the ground was renovated and the pitch was converted to a grass surface. A more massive renovation took place between 1965 and 1975, forcing the club to host matches in other venues while work was being done. Shortly before 2000, plastic seats were installed in the stadium's five main stands. Current status Bnei Yehuda moved to play at the bigger Bloomfield Stadium in 2004, but their offices remain at the stadium. Between 2006 and 2013, second division club Beitar Tel Aviv played their home matches at the ground. Currently, the ground is home to Liga Leumit clubs Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv and Hapoel Kfar Shalem See also Sports in Israel References
Migdal Afek

Migdal Afek (hebrejsky: מגדל אפק) je archeologická lokalita a národní park (Národní park Migdal Afek, גן לאומי מגדל אפק, Gan le'umi Migdal Afek, též Národní park Migdal Cedek, גן לאומי מגדל צדק, Gan le'umi Migdal Cedek) v Izraeli, v Centrálním distriktu. Geografie Leží v nadmořské výšce přes 100 metrů na pahorcích na východním okraji pobřežní nížiny, které jižně od této lokality spadají do údolí vádí Nachal Šilo. Park se nachází cca 1 kilometr jižně od okraje města Roš ha-Ajin a cca 1,5 východně od vesnice Ejnat. Popis parku Národní park uchovává zbytky pevnosti, která zde od starověku střežila strategický bod s výhledem na pobřežní nížinu. Zmiňuje ji Flavius Iosephus. Pevnost si tu zřídili rovněž křižáci. Nazvali ji Mirabel. Byla dobyta Saladinem roku 1187 a zničena. V novověku zde vznikla arabská vesnice Madždal Jaba. Za britského mandátu vznikly v okolí velké lomy na kámen, které tu fungují i v současnosti. Během války za nezávislost roku 1948 byla arabská vesnice vysídlena a lokalita byla předmětem bojů. Na přelomu května a června 1948 se o dobytí Migdal Afek pokusily jednotky Irgun, ale musely se se ztrátami stáhnout. Definitivně se do izraelského držení dostala lokalita v červenci 1948 během Operace Betek. Národní park tu byl vyhlášen roku 2005 a lokalita se dočkala rekonstrukce. Odkazy Reference Související články Roš ha-Ajin Externí odkazy Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Migdal Afek na Wikimedia Commons (hebrejsky) Oficiální stránky izraelské správy národních parků
Mirabel (Burg)

Mirabel (lateinisch Mirabellum, hebräisch מִגְדַּל אֲפֵק Migdal Afeq oder מִגְדַּל צֶדֶק Migdal Zedeq, arabisch مجدل يابا, DMG Maǧdal Yābā oder مجدل صادق, DMG Maǧdal Ṣādiq) ist eine Kreuzfahrerburg in Rosch haʿAjin, Israel. Lage Die Ruine der Höhenburg liegt ca. 17 km östlich von Jaffa auf einer Anhöhe am Pass von Afek. Geschichte 1134 erhob König Fulko von Jerusalem Mirabel zu einer eigenständigen Herrschaft in der Grafschaft Jaffa. Die Herrschaft wurde als Lehen an Barisan von Ibelin vergeben. Dieser erbaute in den folgenden Jahren auf den Überresten eines römisch-byzantinischen Vorgängerbaus die Höhenburg. Als Herr von Mirabel folgte nach Barisans Tod 1150 Manasses von Hierges, der Barisans Witwe Helvis von Ramla geheiratet hatte. Manasses war ein Vetter der Königin Melisende und war ab 1140 als Konstabler einer der mächtigsten Beamten des Königreich Jerusalem. Im Thronstreit zwischen Königin Melisende und deren Sohn Balduin III. stand Manasses fest auf der Seite Melisendes. Balduin III. belagerte Manasses schließlich 1152 in seiner Burg Mirabel. Manasses musste aufgeben und wurde ins Exil verbannt. Barisans Sohn Hugo von Ibelin übernahm nun die Herrschaft Mirabel. Nach dessen kinderlosem Tod beerbte ihn 1170 sein Bruder Balduin von Ibelin. Auf den Hügeln um die Burg herum bildete sich eine fränkische Siedlung. Diese wurde 1177 von der Vorhut Saladins gebrandschatzt, bevor dieser in der Schlacht von Montgisard, an der auch Balduin von Ibelin als Kommandeur teilnahm, vorerst zurückgeschlagen wurde. Nach der Schlacht von Hattin wurde Mirabel im Juli 1187 endgültig von Saladins Bruder al-Adil erobert. Anders als viele Kreuzfahrerburgen wurde Mirabel von den Eroberern nicht geschleift, jedenfalls wird sie 1191/1192 als im Besitz der Ayyubiden erwähnt. Im Laufe des 13. Jahrhunderts wurde sie aufgegeben. Im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert wurde die Burg von den Osmanen wieder als Festung genutzt. Anlage Insbesondere am Westturm kann man die Kreuzfahrerbauweise leicht erkennen. Die Mauern sind 2 Meter dick. Über dem Eingang befindet sich eine griechische Inschrift. Der Stein ist ein wiederverwendetes Stück aus dem 4.–5. Jh. Die Inschrift lautet „Martyrium des heiligen Kerykos“. Kerykos war ein Märtyrer aus der Zeit des römischen Kaisers Diokletian (reg. 284–305). In osmanischer Zeit wurde die Burg teilweise überbaut. Am zentralen Donjon und der Ringmauer lässt sich aber die Struktur der Kreuzfahrerburg noch erkennen. Einzelnachweise Literatur Denys Pringle: The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. A Corpus. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-521-39037-0. Denys Pringle: Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. An Archaeological Gazetteer. Cambridge University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-521-46010-7 Hans Wolfram Kessler / Konrad Kessler: Ritter im Heiligen Land: Kreuzfahrerstätten in Israel. Philipp von Zabern, Darmstadt 2013, ISBN 978-3805345521 Weblinks http://www.burgenfotos.de/archiv/mirabel.htm maxime.goepp.free.fr (französisch)
Migdal Afek

Migdal Afek (Hebrew: מגדל אפק), also Migdal Tsedek (Tzedek, Zedek; Hebrew: מגדל צדק), is a national park on the southeastern edge of Rosh HaAyin, Israel. The ruins of a fortified manor house built by a sheikh during the 19th century, among which remains of the Crusader castle of Mirabel can be seen, are today known in Hebrew as Migdal Afek or Migdal Tsedek. It is the site of the depopulated Palestinian village of Majdal Yaba. Etymology Migdal Aphek (Hebrew: מגדל אפק; Ancient Greek: Αφεχού πύργος, 'Aphek Pyrgos') means 'Tower of Aphek' in both those languages. Migdal Tsedek means "Tower of Sadek" in Hebrew, referring to the name of Sheikh Sadek al-Rayyan. History The walled Jewish settlement of Migdal Aphek or Afek stood at the site as early as the second century BCE, and was destroyed by the Romans during the First Jewish–Roman War in 67 CE. From a Byzantine-period church, a lintel set over a stone-built doorway survives, bearing the Greek inscription "ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ ΤΟΥ ΑΓΙΟΥ ΚΗΡΥΚΟΥ", Martyr shrine (martyrion) of Saint Kyriko. The room behind it was used by the al-Rayyan sheikh as a stable and for fodder storage. In the Crusader period, a castle named Mirabel was built at the site of ancient Migdal Afek. It was described in Muslim sources in 1225 as a village with a fortress called Majdal Yaba. For a short time under Ottoman rule, its name was changed from that to Majdal Sadiq and then back again. In the 17th century, the village was taken over by the Rayyān family, who arrived from Transjordan and built a two-story manor house. During World War I, Migdal Afek was the site of battles between the Central Powers (forces of the Ottoman, German, and Austro-Hungarian empires) and the British imperial Egyptian Expeditionary Force. In the 1940s, the Solel Boneh quarry at Migdal Tzedek was used by Ta'as, the underground Jewish arms industry, for testing the first weapons it produced. The Arab village was depopulated by the IDF in July 1948, during the Nakba. See also National parks of Israel David Polus (1893–1975), sculptor who worked in the Labor Battalion at the quarry Solel Boneh, Jewish construction company that ran a Mandate-period quarry at Migdal Tzedek Ta'as, clandestine Mandate-period Jewish arms industry; used Migdal Tzedek quarry as testing range Eliyahu Tamler, Irgun commander who captured a lorry carrying explosives to Migdal Tzedek quarry Shabtai Teveth (1925–2014) Israeli historian who grew up in the workers' quarters at the quarry Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem References