NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Kilmainham Gaol

Kilmainham Gaol (irl. Príosún Chill Mhaighneann) – byłe brytyjskie więzienie w Dublinie w dzielnicy Kilmainham, zbudowane w 1796 roku. Historia Projekt budynku przygotował architekt John Trail. Budowę rozpoczęto w 1786 roku, a oddano do użytku w 1796 roku. Początkowo, tak jak większość osiemnastowiecznych więzień, było to więzienie nieuporządkowane. Mężczyźni, kobiety i dzieci trzymani byli razem w złych warunkach. Wzniesiony z szarego kamienia budynek od razu zyskał złą sławę. Najbardziej znaną częścią jest skrzydło wiktoriańskie. W swoim czasie, uznane za wzór budowli więziennych, było często odwiedzane. W latach wielkiego głodu wywołanego zarazą ziemniaczaną w więzieniu przebywali Irlandczycy, którzy dopuścili się z powodu braku żywności drobnych przestępstw. Część więźniów została następnie zesłana do Australii. Kilmainham Gaol było też miejscem, w którym więziono osoby związane z walką o niepodległość Irlandii. Tu też stracono przywódców powstania wielkanocnego. Po odzyskaniu przez Irlandię niepodległości budynek przestał pełnić funkcję więzienia, jako opuszczony popadał w ruinę do lat 60. XX wieku. W 1960 roku spotkała się grupa osób, które postanowiły odbudować zniszczone więzienie. Muzeum W kwietniu 1966 roku muzeum mieszczące się we wschodnim skrzydle, zostało otwarte przez prezydenta Éamona de Valera. Był on jednym z ostatnich więźniów wypuszczonych w 1924 roku. W latach 1960–1986 budynkiem i muzeum zarządzała Kilmainham Jail Restoration Society (KJRS). Zbierała ona przedmioty związane z historią Irlandii od 1798 roku. Prezentowano je we wschodnim skrzydle budynku więzienia. Muzeum otrzymało wtedy jako darowizny materiały dotyczące Charlesa Stewarta Parnella i Michaela Collinsa, przedmioty i dokumenty należące do straconych przywódców powstania z 1916 roku oraz duży zbiór broni wykorzystywany głównie w latach 1914–1923. W 1986 roku kolekcja została przekazana pod zarząd państwa. Nadzór objął Urząd Robót Publicznych (Office of Public Works), który zaczął zbierać materiały dotyczące historii więzienia Kilmainham Gaol, równocześnie kontynuując gromadzenie materiałów dotyczących historii Irlandii. Muzeum w Kilmainham Gaol otwarto w 1996 roku. Więzienie posłużyło jako sceneria wielu filmom, w tym W imię ojca, Michael Collins, Święci z Bostonu, Wiatr buszujący w jęczmieniu. Przypisy Bibliografia Irlandia, praca zbiorowa, wyd. Mediaprofil, Warszawa 2006, ISBN 83-60174-28-8 Dublin, Polly Phillimore, Andrew Sanger, wyd. Wiedza i Życie, Warszawa 2005, ISBN 83-7184-275-9
Kilmainham Gaol

Kilmainham Gaol (iriska Príosún Chill Mhaighneann) är ett tidigare fängelse i stadsdelen Kilmainham i Dublin, Irland. Byggnaden är numera ett museum med utställningar och guidade vandringar med anknytning till dess historia. När Kilmainham Gaol byggdes 1796 blev det först kallat New Gaol, för att skilja det från det gamla fängelset, en föråldrad, motbjudande och ohälsosam fängelsehåla bara några hundra meter bort från platsen för det nya fängelset. Under de 140 år som byggnaden tjänade som fängelse har många ledare i kampen för Irlands självständighet fängslats här av britterna. Robert Emmet satt fängslad här tills han avrättades för sin roll i det misslyckade upproret mot britternas styre 1803. Joseph Plunkett, en av de mer framstående ledarna för Påskupproret 1916, hör också till Kilmainham Gaols mer bemärkta fångar. Bara ett par timmar innan han avrättades gifte han sig med Grace Gifford i fängelsets kapell. Även James Connolly avrättades på Kilmainham Gaol. Men det fanns också många vanliga fångar på Kilmainham Gaol som var dömda för olika mindre brott, exempelvis stöld. Dessa hade inte egna celler som de mer framstående fångarna, utan satt i större gemensamma celler som var både kalla och dragiga. Även kvinnor och barn kunde fängslas och sättas i dessa celler. 1924 övergavs byggnaden som fängelse, under den Irländska fristaten. Den siste fången var Eamon de Valera. Referenser Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, 21 november 2009. Externa länkar Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Kilmainham Gaol. Heritage Ireland
Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Die Kathedrale von Tuam (Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, irisch Ard-Eaglais Deastógála na Maighdine Beannaithe) ist die Bischofskirche des römisch-katholischen Erzbistums Tuam in Tuam, Irland. Sie ist eines der schönsten Beispiele für die Neugotik in Irland. Baugeschichte Oliver O’Kelly, katholischer Erzbischof von Tuam, beauftragte Dominic Madden mit dem Bau einer katholischen Kathedrale in Tuam, nachdem die Marienkathedrale des 14. Jahrhunderts unter Elisabeth I. dem anglikanischen Gottesdienst zugeführt und der öffentliche römisch-katholische Kultus für zweihundert Jahre verboten gewesen war. Der Grundstein wurde am 30. April 1827 gelegt. Hauptbaumaterial war Kalkstein. Im Jahr 1829 verließ Madden das Projekt, weil sein geplanter Chor aus finanziellen Gründen verkleinert werden musste. Die Bauarbeiten leitete danach Marcus Murray. Der Bau der Kathedrale wurde am 18. August 1837 beendet. Der dreigeschossige Turm ist 43 Meter hoch. 1859 wurde die Turmuhr eingebaut. Architektur und Ausstattung Die Kathedrale ist eine neugotische Hallenkirche mit Querhaus. Das dreischiffige Langhaus ist zwanzig Meter breit und mit Netzgewölben überspannt. Der Hochaltar stammt von Michael O’Connor. In der Kathedrale finden sich viele schöne Glasfenster. Die Orgel stammt aus dem Jahr 1933. Weblinks Erzdiözese von Tuam Einzelnachweise
Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Tuam

The Cathedral Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Tuam, commonly called Tuam Cathedral, is the cathedral for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuam in Ireland. The geographic remit of the Archdiocese includes half of County Galway, half of County Mayo and part of County Roscommon. Prior to the English Reformation, the diocesan cathedral was St Mary's, which was constructed in the 14th century, on the site of an earlier building. Upon the appointment of William Mullaly by Queen Elizabeth I of England as Archbishop of Tuam for the Established church, the Roman Catholic clergy were dispossessed of the cathedral. Almost three centuries were to elapse before a relaxation of the Penal Laws permitted the building of a replacement – the current edifice. Burials John de Burgh (Archbishop) – in the Oratory of St. Jarlath. John MacHale, Archbishop of Tuam – before the high altar Joseph Cunnane, Archbishop of Tuam – in the cathedral grounds Gallery Bibliography Jeremy Williams A Companion Guide to Architecture in Ireland 1837–1921, Irish Academic Press 1994 Peter Galloway The Cathedrals of Ireland, The Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1992 See also List of cathedrals in Ireland References External links Catholic Encyclopedia: Tuam Tuam Guide Image
Catedral de la Asunción de la Santísima Virgen María (Tuam)

La Catedral de la Asunción de la Santísima Virgen María​ o simplemente Catedral de Tuam (en inglés: Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary) es un templo católico de la arquidiócesis de Tuam​​ en Irlanda.​ La jurisdicción geográfica de la arquidiócesis incluye la mitad del condado de Galway, la mitad del condado de Mayo y parte del condado de Roscommon. Antes de la Reforma Inglesa, la catedral diocesana fue Santa María, que fue construida en el siglo XIV, en el emplazamiento de un edificio anterior. Tras el nombramiento de William Mullaly por la reina Isabel I de Inglaterra como arzobispo de Tuam para la iglesia establecida, el clero católico fue despojado de su primera catedral. Casi tres siglos habían de transcurrir antes de que una relajación de las leyes penales protestantes permitió la construcción de un reemplazo para el culto católico: el edificio actual. Referencias
Cattedrale dell'Assunzione della Beata Vergine Maria (Tuam)

La cattedrale dell'Assunzione della Beata Vergine Maria (in inglese: Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary) è la cattedrale cattolica di Tuam, in Irlanda, e sede dell'arcidiocesi di Tuam. Storia La chiesa cattedrale dell'Assunzione della Beata Vergine Maria, comunemente chiamata "cattedrale cattolica di Tuam", è stata costruita nel XIX secolo, tra il 1827 e il 1836, la costruzione iniziò due anni prima dell'approvazione dell'atto di emancipazione cattolica da parte del Parlamento britannico, avvenuta nel 1829. Nel 1968 l'interno dell'edificio è stato completamente modificato per l'adeguamento liturgico per la riforma seguita al Concilio Vaticano II. Note Voci correlate Arcidiocesi di Tuam Cattedrali in Irlanda Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su cattedrale dell'Assunzione della Beata Vergine Maria Collegamenti esterni (EN) Sito ufficiale, su tuamparish.com. (EN) Cattedrale dell'Assunzione della Beata Vergine Maria, in GCatholic.org.
Katedra Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Tuam

Katedra Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Tuam, powszechnie znana jako Katedra w Tuam – katedra rzymskokatolicka archidiecezji Tuam w Irlandii. Geograficzne granice archidiecezji obejmują połowę hrabstwa Galway, połowę hrabstwa Mayo i część hrabstwa Roscommon. Przed angielską reformacją, diecezjalną katedrą był kościół Najświętszej Maryi Panny, który został zbudowany w XIV wieku, na miejscu wcześniejszego budynku. Na spotkaniu Williama Mullaly’ego z królową Elżbietą I Tudor jako Arcybiskupa Tuam dla religii panującej, katolickie duchowieństwo straciło katedrę. Prawie trzy wieki miały upłynąć zanim rozluźnienie Penal Laws pozwoliło na zamianę budynku – obecnego gmachu. Bibliografia Informacje o katedrze
Lotabeg House

Lotabeg House is a historic house in Cork, Ireland, used as a residence by Cork merchant families, built between 1780 and 1820. The house, gate lodge and entrance are protected structures. House As with nearby Lotamore, the lands at Lotabeg were historically associated with the Galwey family. Lotabeg House itself was constructed between 1780 and 1800. It was designed by Abraham Hargrave and built for Sir Richard Kellett, first baronet. Designed as a seven-bay two-storey house, with a basement, its main reception rooms are south-facing and overlook the River Lee. The main entrance is on the north elevation. The house, which was built with a domed hallway and a cantilever staircase, has six bedrooms. Lotabeg House was occupied for a period by the Mahony family, who were also associated with the nearby Lotamore House. Another resident of the house, Daniel Callaghan, was a member of parliament for the Cork City Parliamentary constituency until his death from cholera in 1849. The last owner to live in the house was Vincent Hart who died in 1939. Hart, an engineer, served with the British empire in India from 1903 and returned in 1936 to a newly independent country. When Hart died, the house remained unchanged, minded by his wife Evelyn Hart and their descendants until the contents were auctioned in May 2016. The house, and its surrounding 37-acre estate, was listed for sale (in several lots) in 2018. Sold in late 2022, a planned development of 101 homes at Lotabeg was refused planning permission in 2024. Entrance The entrance, which was designed by George Richard Pain, is topped by an Irish Wolfhound. Known as 'Callaghan's Gate', it was designed to commemorate an incident where Daniel Callaghan (1786–1849) was saved from drowning by his dog. See also List of historic houses in the Republic of Ireland References
Flesk Castle

Flesk Castle was a historic country house in County Kerry in Ireland. It has since been ruined. House Flesk Castle, also known as Coltsmann’s Castle or Glenflesk Castle, was a gothic Georgian style country house, built 1809–1815 for John Coltsmann. The house was in use through the 1940s but was dismantled c. 1950 leaving the shell standing. It was built in the early decades of the 19th century and continued in the Coltsmann family and their descendants until the early 20th century when it was sold to Major John McGillycuddy in the early 20th century. The Flesk Castle site was bought in 2005 by the O’Reilly family. References
Bellamont House

Bellamont House (nogle gange Bellamont Forest) er et georgiansk gods i palladiansk stil, der ligger på en 1000 acre stor ejendom i Cootehill, County Cavan, Irland. Huset stod færdigt i 1730 og blev opført til Judge Thomas Coote og blev sandsynligvis tegnet af hans nevø, arkitekten Edward Lovett Pearce. Det bliver betragtet som et af de fineste eksempler på palladiansk arkitektur i Irland. Oprindeligt blev det modelleret over renæssancebygningen Villa La Rotonda i Vicenza, Italien. Referencer Eksterne henvisninger
National Handball Centre

The National Handball Centre (Irish: Ionad Náisiúnta Liathróid Láimhe) is an indoor handball facility located on the Croke Park campus in Dublin, Ireland. It serves as both the national venue for All-Ireland Gaelic handball finals and as the headquarters of GAA Handball, the sport's national governing body. The new centre replaces the old Croke Park Handball Centre that was built in 1970. History GAA Handball were granted planning approval in late 2017 to build a National Handball Centre at Croke Park. The new National Handball Centre, located at the southeast corner of the stadium on Sackville Avenue, was close to completion as of January 2021, with the final minor stages of building delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As of May 2020, the centre was being used for COVID-19 testing by Ireland's national health service, the Health Service Executive. While the centre's official opening was delayed due to both the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the final completion of remaining building works, the centre had a 'soft' opening in December 2021, allowing registered players to book the courts through Croke Park. The European 1-Wall Tour "EliteStop" took place in the Centre on Saturday 10 and Sunday 11 December 2022. The GAA Handball O'Neills-sponsored All-Ireland 4-Wall Senior Doubles semi-finals took place on 2 April 2023, with the finals taking place the following weekend. The 2023 All Ireland Senior Softball Finals are due to take place on Saturday 17 June 2023 in the 60x30 showcourt in the centre. Facilities The new centre is planned to contain three 4-Wall handball courts - including a three-sided glass wall show court with amphitheatre style seating for a capacity of 500 spectators, a 60x30 show court with seating capacity for 200 spectators and three 1-Wall courts. The centre includes offices for GAA Handball staff, a bar and cafe as well as a community centre. Ownership and operation The National Handball Centre building and the site it occupies are owned by Páirc an Chrócaigh Teoranta, the firm that oversees the running of Croke Park. The centre is expected to be managed and operated by a joint venture company under a long-term lease. This company comprises a partnership between the GAA and the 'Irish Handball Sports Centre', a local community group. According to the GAA, "its primary purpose is the promotion of handball" and "it can never be repurposed" or "changed in any way or indeed sold without GAA consent". References
Пътят на великаните

Пътят на великаните (на ирландски: Clochán an Aifir; на английски: Giant's Causeway) е местност в крайбрежния район на Антрим, Северна Ирландия, на около 5 км североизточно от град Бушмилс, оприличавана на „път“ от десетки хиляди базалтови колони. . Колоните са изцяло природно явление, а броят на колоните е около 37 000, като те са предимно 6-стенни, с диаметър 37 – 51 см. и височина до 6 м. Най-голямата ширина на Пътя на великаните е 12 м., колоните са най-високи в тясната му част. Преди около 50 – 60 млн. години от земните недра тук изригва лава, която потича към морето. Лавата се охлажда много бързо и при втвърдяването си се начупила на правилни 6-стенни огромни стълбове. На някои от каменните формирования са дадени имена, съответстващи на приликата им с различни предмети – „Комините“, „Купата за пунш“, „Ветрилото на моята лейди“. Според ирландската легенда Пътят е построен от гиганта Фин МакКул, а другият му край се намира на отдалечения на 120 км. остров Стафа в Шотландия. Пътят на великаните е обявен през 1986 г. за обект на световното културно и природно наследство на ЮНЕСКО, а през 1987 г. за национален природен резерват на Великобритания. Легендата разказва, че „павираният път“ е „построен“ от Фин Макккул (ловец – воин в Ирландската митология), за тепих на 2 великани, които имали различия помежду си. Модификация на тази легенда обяснява, че Фин Макккул е построил мост към своята любима на шотландския остров Стафа. В съседство с „Пътя на Великана“ е разположен заливът Порт на Спаня, в който през 1588 г. претърпява корабокрушение „Жирона“ – кораб на Непобедимата армада. От 1300 души се спасяват само 5. През 1967 г. белгийска водолазна експедиция открива останките на кораба и изважда редица артефакти от него. Галерия Източници
Giant's Causeway

Giants Causeway på Nordirlands nordkyst er omkring 40.000 6-kantede basaltsøjler, der er et resultat af et vulkanudbrud. Det ligger i County Antrim på nordkysten af Nordirland omkring 5 km nordøst for byen Bushmills. Det kom på UNESCO's Verdensarvsliste i 1986, og et national nature reserve af Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland i 1987. I en afstemning fra 2005 hos Radio Times' læsere blev Giant's Causeway stemt ind som det fjerdebedst naturlig vidunder i Storbritannien. Toppen af søjlerne danner trædesten, der lede fra klippefoden og forsvinder under havet. De fleste af søjlerne er hexagonale, men nogle har fire, fem, syv og otte sider. De højeste søjler er omkring 12 m høje, og den størknede lava i klipperne er op til 28 m tyk. Søjlernes karakteristiske sekskantethed er dannet ved meget langsom nedkøling af varm lava. Dette kan være sket i vandkanten eller ved en istids-gletsjerrand, hvor vandet fra lavasmelten er fordampet, og skiftevis afkøling og opvarmning har henholdsvis udvidet og sammentrukket smelten. Processen minder lidt om den måde, hvorpå vandet fordamper i en mudderpøl og efterlader sprækker og revner, ofte i sekskantede formationer. Se også Yonaguni-formationen Referencer Eksterne henvisninger
Prolaz divova

Prolaz divova (irski: Clochán an Aifir or Clochán na bhFómharach, engleski: Giant's Causeway) je područje od 40.000 spojenih bazaltnih stupova koji su nastali vulkanskom erupcijom u paleogenu (prije 50 – 60 milijuna godina). Nalazi se u županiji Antrim na sjeveroistočnoj obali Sjeverne Irske, oko 3 km sjeverno od grada Bushmillsa. Godine 1986., upisan je na UNESCO-ov popis mjesta svjetske baštine u Europi kao jedinstven primjer brzog hlađenja bazaltne lave prodirući kroz vapnenački plato, pri tome popucavši okomito u obliku spojenih stupova. Danas ovom najpopularnijom turističkom atrakcijom u Sjevernoj Irskoj upravlja Državno povjerenstvo. Odlike Bazaltni stupovi tvore stepenastu liticu koja se uranja u Irsko more. većina stupova su heksagonalni, iako ima i stupova s manjim brojem stranica. Najviši su 12 m visoki, a okamenjena lava je na nekim mjestima debela 28 metara. Neki dijelovi su dobili popularna imena kao što su: "Divovska čizma", "Divovo oko", "Pastirske stube", "Saće", "Divovske orgulje", "Nakupine dimnjaka", "Divovska vrata" i "Devina grba". U srednjem vijeku skovala se legenda kako je Prolaz divova izgradio irski ratnik Fionn mac Cumhaill (Finn McCool) kako bi se borio protiv svog škotskog rivala Benandonnera. Odatle potječe njegov naziv, "Prolaz divova". Lokalitet je postao poznat u 18. stoljeću, a u 19. je postao velikom turističkom atrakcijom s privlačnom zonom za pješake koji mogu hodati preko vrhova stupova 800 m od ulaza do samog mora. Stijene Prolaza divova bile su pogubne za nekoliko brodova, od kojih je najznačajniji Girona koji se ovdje nasukao u listopadu 1588. za vrijeme snažnoga sjeverozapadnog vjetra, i pritom je stradalo oko 1200 ljudi. Samo je pet ljudi preživjelo i njihovi potomci i danas žive u okolini. Girona je bila galija Španjolske armade koja je spasila posade dvije preostale olupine zbog čega je bila jako preopterećena. Kad joj je puklo kormilo nastala je tragedija. Izvori Vanjske poveznice Službena stranica Državnog povjerenstva za Prolaz divova Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice od 7. siječnja 2006. (Wayback Machine) Ostali projekti
Giant's Causeway

De Giant's Causeway is een rotsformatie aan de noordoostkust van Noord-Ierland (Bushmills), die bestaat uit zo'n 40.000 basaltzuilen. De formatie staat sinds 1986 op de Werelderfgoedlijst van UNESCO. De rotsen zouden zijn ontstaan bij een vulkaanuitbarsting, zo'n 60 miljoen jaar geleden. De locatie is de meest bezochte toeristische attractie van Noord-Ierland. Legende De legende gaat dat de Ierse reus Fionn mac Cumhaill (Finn McCool) een pad door de zee (causeway) naar Schotland bouwde om met zijn Schotse tegenhanger Benandonner te vechten. Op het moment dat Fionn in Schotland aankomt, ziet hij dat Benandonner nog reusachtiger is dan hijzelf en hij vlucht terug naar Ierland. Daar aangekomen, achtervolgd door de Schotse reus, vraagt McCool aan zijn vrouw om hem als baby te vermommen. Op het moment dat Benandonner in Ierland aankomt ziet hij de vrouw met de baby, waarbij hij schrikt van de grootte van het kind, aannemend dat de vader van zo'n groot kind vele malen groter en sterker zal zijn dan hijzelf en hij vlucht terug naar Schotland. Op zijn vlucht vernielt Benandonner het pad. Alleen het begin in Ierland en het eind in Schotland (Fingal's Cave op het eiland Staffa) blijven bestaan. Geologie Dit gebied bestond voornamelijk uit krijt toen zo'n 60 miljoen jaar geleden enorme hoeveelheden zeer vloeibare lava vanuit de diepte aan de oppervlakte kwam. De constructieve continentale plaatbeweging zorgde voor riften en oceanische spreiding of zeevloerspreiding. Hierdoor ontstond een dik lavaplateau. Deze lava koelde af en kromp waardoor we de kenmerkende basaltzuilen vandaag nog terug zien. Dit is te vergelijken met modder die opdroogt in de zon. Gelijkwaardige rotsformaties Gelijkwaardige rotsformaties komen voor in de Garni gorge in Armenië, de Cyclopeneilanden nabij Sicilië, het Devils Postpile National Monument in Californië, de Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming, de Panská skála in Tsjechië, de Organ Pipes formatie op Mount Cargill in Nieuw-Zeeland, Ganh Da Dia in Vietnam en de Organ Pipes nabij Twyfelfontein in Namibië. Externe links Giant's Causeway information at the National Trust Official Causeway Guide