NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Austin Stack Park

Austin Stack Park is a GAA stadium in Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland. It is one of the stadiums used by Kerry GAA's Gaelic football team and the stadium of the hurling team. The ground was named after Austin Stack, an Irish revolutionary and captain of the All-Ireland winning Kerry Gaelic football team of 1904. It is located in the centre of Tralee. It hosts many Kerry GAA home games, mostly football league games and both league and championship hurling. The County Championship football and hurling finals are normally held here. History Austin Stack Park has been used for the playing of games since well into the 19th century. Generally known as The Sportsfield, it was owned by the County Kerry Athletic and Cricket Club. At that time the pitch was oval shaped and surrounded by a 440-yard sloping cinder track considered to be the finest in Ireland. In 1903, the trustees rented the ground to a committee consisting of all GAA members. The Kerry County Board then purchased the grounds in 1929. In 1934, The Sportsfield was converted into a rectangular pitch to host the 1934 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Semi Final which led to the demise of the cinder track. In 1944, the County Board renamed the grounds in honour of Austin Stack. The Kerry County Board have had their offices in the ground since 1985 located in the pavilion which first opened back in 1967. In 1994, a new development was completed including a new stand, terracing and redeveloped County Board offices. The stadium hosted the All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship final in 1983 when Kerry took the title beating London in the final. It also hosted the 1997-98 Sigerson Cup final which was won by Tralee IT, while the first game in Kerry GAA played under floodlights took place here in November 2001. Recent developments In 2007, plans were approved for the stadium's relocation to a site, outside the town, occupied by Ballybeggan Racecourse. In December 2009 it was announced that plans for this development had been put on indefinite hold due to the post-2008 Irish economic downturn. By 2012 The Kerryman newspaper reported that the plans had, in effect, been abandoned. In 2014, a committee was put in place by the Kerry County Board to look into the gradual refurbishment of the existing grounds. These proposals included the upgrading of the pitch, a new score board, upgrading of the lighting system and terracing of the western side of the grounds. A number of these developments, including resurfacing and drainage works on the pitch, were undertaken in 2015 and 2016. Further upgrading works were carried out in 2026 with the construction of a new concrete terrace to replace the existing grass bank at the Horan's end. The construction of the new terrace cost €1.8m and increased spectator capacity by 2,500. See also List of Gaelic Athletic Association stadiums List of stadiums in Ireland by capacity References
Austin Stack Park

Austin Stack Park è uno stadio della Gaelic Athletic Association, situato a Tralee, nella contea irlandese di Kerry. È uno dei principali terreni di gioco delle rappresentative di calcio gaelico ed hurling della contea. Nel novembre del 2001 venne aggiunta l'illuminazione artificiale. L'impianto è dedicato ad Austin Stack, rivoluzionario irlandese e capitano della squadra di calcio gaelico che nel 1904 si aggiudicò il titolo nazionale. Nel 2005 si iniziò a discutere su un suo spostamento, nel 2007 venne individuato il luogo dove creare il nuovo stadio (si trova poco fuori dalla città) e nel febbraio del 2009 venne approvato il progetto definitivo. L'attuale stadio verrà trasformato in un centro commerciale. Tuttavia a causa della crisi del 2009, che ha avuto pesanti conseguenze sull'Irlanda, i lavori sono stati interrotti a tempo indeterminato. Note Voci correlate Stadi irlandesi Semple Stadium Calcio gaelico
Carrigagulla

Carrigagulla (irisch Carraig an Ghiolla) ist ein Megalithkomplex nordöstlich von Ballinagree in den Boggeragh Mountains im County Cork in Irland. Er besteht aus zwei großen Steinkreisen (Carrigagulla A oder NE und Carrigagulla B oder SW), einem kleinen fünfsteinigen Kreis, zwei Steinreihen und einem versetzten Oghamstein. Carrigagulla A Der Steinkreis der Cork-Kerry-Serie hat 8,2 m Durchmesser und besteht aus 16 Steinen in situ und einem versetzten Stein. Ihre Höhe variiert von fast 90 cm bis knapp über 30 cm. In der Mitte des Kreises ist ein kleiner Boulder Stein. Lage: 52° 0′ 11″ N, 8° 55′ 0″ W Carrigagulla SW Der Steinkreis hat 7,8 m Durchmesser 17 Steine und einen zentralen Stein. 15 Steine stehen, zwei waren umgefallen. Wie üblich sind die Portalsteine mit etwas unter einem Meter die höchsten. die restlichen sind der Höhe nach abgestuft bis auf den axialen liegenden Stein im Südwesten. Die beiden Portalsteine stehen radial zum Kreis. Mehrere der Kreissteine sind oben flach, und zwei nahezu würfelförmig. 51° 59′ 59″ N, 8° 55′ 5″ W Die Steinreihen Carrigagulla NE ist eine Steinreihe aus drei Steinen (zwei große, ein kleiner) von denen ein großer Stein umgefallen sind. Lage: 51° 59′ 42″ N, 8° 54′ 59″ W Carrigagulla SW war eine Steinreihe aus fünf Steinen, von denen vier versetzt sind und als Torpfosten verwendet werden. Eine einsame Steinnadel bildet den Rest. Lage: 51° 59′ 40″ N, 8° 53′ 51″ W Der Oghamstein Der beim Torfstechen gefundene Oghamstein befindet sich seit 1940 im Cork Public Museum. Siehe auch Steinreihen in Irland Literatur Seán Ó Nualláin: Stone Circles in Ireland. Country House Dublin, 1995, ISBN 0-946172-45-5, S. 23 Weblinks Steinkreis SW Beschreibung, Lage und Bilder der einzelnen Fundplätze bei The Megalithic Portal Carrigagulla NE/Carrigagulla A - Stone Circle Carrigagulla SW - Stone Circle Carrigagulla NE - Stone Row Carrigagulla SW - Stone Row
Carrigagulla

Carrigagulla (Irish: Carraig an Ghiolla) is a megalithic complex 2.9 km north-east of Ballinagree, County Cork, Ireland. It consists of an axial stone circle, two stone rows, and an ogham stone, which has been moved around a half mile away. Features Carrigagulla A is an 8-metre-diameter (26 ft) stone circle consisting of 16 standing stones circling a central slab. It is thought that there originally may have been 17 stones with one more placed in the middle of the circle. The Carrigagulla NE stone row consists of five stones, four of which have been moved and are now used as gates. The stone row at Carrigagulla SW is built from three stones, one of which has fallen. Carrigagulla Ogham Stone was discovered by Coillte Teoranta during peat cutting, but the exact location of the find is not known. It has been housed in Cork Public Museum since 1940. References Sources ^ Denis Power (1997). Archaeological inventory of County Cork, Volume 3: Mid Cork, 6435 P10. ColorBooks. ISBN 0-7076-4933-1 External links Irish Megaliths - Selected Monuments in County Cork Megalithomania Carrigagulla SW
Carrigagulla

Carrigagulla est un complexe mégalithique situé dans le comté de Cork en Irlande. On y trouve deux cercles mégalithiques (le premier se compose de 16 pierres et mesure 8,2 mètres de diamètre et le deuxième se compose de 15 menhirs (17 à l'origine) disposés autour d'une dalle centrale), une formation en forme de D à 250 mètres au nord composé de 5 à 6 pierres, 2 alignements de pierres (le premier de 5 pierres et le deuxième de 3 pierres) ainsi qu'une pierre oghamique. Notes et références Liens externes Visiter Carrigagulla, guide-irlande.com Portail de l’Irlande Portail du mégalithisme
Carrigagulla

Carrigagulla è un complesso megalitico sito a 2,9 chilometri a nord-est di Ballinagree, County Cork, Irlanda. È costituito da due cerchi di pietra, due allineamenti di monoliti e una pietra ogham (rimossa). Caratteristiche Il sito principale è un cerchio di pietre assiale, di 8,2 metri di diametro, composto da 16 pietre, con una fuori posto. La loro altezza varia da 30 a 90 centimetri e la pietra più alta fu eretta in maniera che la sua altezza relativa fosse uguale a quella più bassa. Al centro del cerchio si può vedere un macigno. Circa 250 metri a nord, vicino al fiume Laney, si trova un altro cerchio di pietre: realizzato con cinque pietre, ha una forma a D. Elementi Carrigagulla A Un cerchio di pietre con diametro di 7,8 metri composto da 15 blocchi eretti di pietra. Si suppone che in passato possedesse 17 monoliti. Carrigagulla NE Un allineamento di monoliti, composto da 5 blocchi, quattro dei quali sono stati asportati e sono ora utilizzati come cancelli. Carrigagulla SW Un allineamento di monoliti, composto da 3 blocchi, di cui uno è caduto. Carrigagulla Ogham Stone Scoperta da Coillte Teoranta durante uno scavo in cerca di torba, la posizione esatta del ritrovamento non è nota. È conservata nel Museo Pubblico di Cork dal 1940. Note Voci correlate Arbor Low Knocknakilla Neolitico Menhir Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Carrigagulla
Casement Park

Le Casement Park (Páirc Mhic Easmainn en irlandais) est un stade de sports gaéliques situé sur Andersontown road, dans l'ouest de la ville de Belfast en Irlande du Nord, et l'enceinte des équipes de Football gaélique et de hurling du Comté d'Antrim. Le stade est ainsi nommé en l'honneur de l'homme politique républicain irlandais sir Roger Casement (1864-1916). Histoire Le Casement Park est l'un des plus grands stades en Ulster, et fut inauguré en juin 1953 à l'occasion de la première finale du championnat d'Ulster des clubs entre les Harps d'Armagh et le St John's d'Antrim. Moins d'un mois plus tard, s'y tenait la finale du championnat d'Ulster inter-comté remportée par Armagh face au tenant du titre, Cavan. Si le Casement Park a accueilli huit finales du championnat inter-comté d'Ulster, il ne l'a plus hébergée depuis 1971, la finale d'Ulster se déroule dorénavant et depuis 2004 au St Tiernach's Park de Clones. Une vaste rénovation de l'enceinte fut entreprise en 2000, et en 2006 l'installation d'un éclairage permettait la tenue de match de football et de Hurling en nocturne. À l'occasion du Championnat d'Europe de football 2028, le stade sera totalement reconstruit, donnant naissance ainsi à une enceinte moderne de plus de 34 000 places. Voir aussi Liens externes plus qu'un simple stade Références Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme Portail des sports gaéliques Portail du football Portail de l’Irlande du Nord
Casement Park

Casement Park è il principale stadio della Gaelic Athletic Association di Belfast, nell'Irlanda del Nord ed è l'impianto di casa delle squadre di calcio gaelico e hurling della contea di Antrim. Lo stadio, che prende il nome da uno dei partecipanti della Rivolta di Pasqua, del 1916, Roger Casement, ha una capienza di 32600 posti. Storia Casement Park fu aperto per la prima volta nel giugno 1953 e la partita inaugurale ha visto contrapposte le squadre di calcio gaelico di Armagh e Antrim. Lo stadio avrebbe ospitato, meno di un mese dopo, la finale del campionato provinciale dell'Ulster che vide trionfare Armagh contro la franchigia allora campione d'Irlanda in carica: Cavan. Casement Park ha ospitato otto finali del campionato provinciale fino a quando la sede venne trasferita allo St. Tiernach's Park di Clones dove il match si sarebbe disputato fino al trasferimento a Croke Park, avvenuto nel 2005. In seguito al rifacimento del 2000 vennero e vengono disputati molti più match nell'impianto dove, nel 2006, sono stati aggiunti i riflettori, consentendo la disputa di partite in notturna. Note Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Casement Park
Donegal Castle

Donegal Castle (irsk: Caisleán Dhún na nGall) er en borg, der ligger i Donegal Town i County Donegal i Ulster, Irland. Borgen var højborg for O'Donnell clan, Lords of Tír Conaill og en af de mest magtfulde gæliske familier i Irland fra 400- til 1500-tallet. I størstedelen af de sidste to århundrede har størstedelen af bygningen været en ruin, men den blev fuldt restaureret i begyndelsen af 1900-tallet. Den er i dag åben for offentligheden. Referencer Eksterne henvisninger
Castle Ward

Le Castle Ward est un château du XVIIIe siècle, propriété du National Trust, situé à proximité du village de Strangford dans le Comté de Down en Irlande du Nord. Il surplombe Strangford Lough et se situe à 11 kilomètres de Downpatrick et 2,4 kilomètres de Strangford. Castle Ward est ouvert au public et comprend 332 hectares (820 acres) de jardins paysagers, une maison-tour fortifiée, blanchisserie victorienne, théâtre, restaurant, boutique, scierie et un moulin à maïs. Il dispose d'un rivage à Strangford Lough. De 1985 à 2010, il a également accueilli le Castleward Opera, un festival annuel d'opéra en été. Caractéristiques Historique Galerie d'images Notes et références Portail de l’Irlande du Nord Portail des châteaux Portail des monuments classés au Royaume-Uni
Castle Ward

Castle Ward è un palazzo del XVIII secolo sotto la tutela della National Trust e situato a Strangford, nella Contea di Down, Irlanda del Nord. Si affaccia sul Strangford Lough e dista 7 chilometri da Downpatrick e 1,5 miglia da Strangford. Il castello è aperto al pubblico e include giardini, la cinta muraria, una lavanderia vittoriana, un teatro, un ristorante, un negozio, una segheria ed un mulino funzionante. Dal 1985 al 2010 si ha anche ospitato il Castleward Opera, un anno d'estate di festival dell'opera. Storia L'architetto del Castello di Ward è sconosciuto, anche se può venire dalla zona di Bristol, con cui la famiglia Ward aveva stretti legami. Potrebbe essere stato James Bridges che praticava a Bristol tra il 1757 e il 1763 e il cui lavoro ha qualche somiglianza con Castle Ward. Architettura Mentre il lato d'ingresso del palazzo è fatto in un classico stile palladiano con colonne di sostegno triangolare a frontone, il lato opposto è in stile gotico georgiano con finestre a sesto acuto, merli e pinnacoli. Queste differenze di stile continuano su tutto l'interno della casa con lo spartiacque lungo il centro. Nella cultura di massa Nella serie televisiva Il Trono di Spade questo castello viene usato per rendere l'aspetto di Grande Inverno. Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Castle Ward Collegamenti esterni (EN) Castle Ward - sito ufficiale sul National Trust
Castle Ward

Castle Ward är ett slott från 1760-talet i Storbritannien. Det ligger i grevskapet Down och riksdelen Nordirland, 34 km sydöst om Belfast. Castle Ward ligger 10 meter över havet. Runt Castle Ward är det ganska glesbefolkat, med 32 invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Downpatrick, 10 km sydväst om Castle Ward. Trakten runt Castle Ward består i huvudsak av gräsmarker. Galleri Källor
Castlehaven GAA

Castlehaven Gaelic Football Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Castlehaven, County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the Carbery Board and is solely concerned with the game of Gaelic football. History Located in the parish of Castlehaven, about 5km from Skibbereen, Castlehaven Gaelic Football Club was established in 1922. The club also draws players from the villages of Union Hall, Castletownshend and Tragumna. Castlehaven spent its first 50 years operating in the junior ranks, however, a West Cork JBFC title in 1969 began a remarkable decade of success for the club. This was followed by two West Cork JAFC titles, with the second of these being converted into a Cork JAFC title in 1976. Castlehaven secured senior status for the first time in their history when, in 1978, they claimed the Cork IFC title after a defeat of St Finbarr's. A decade after joining the top tier, Castlehaven won their maiden Cork SFC title after a two-point defeat of St Finbarr's in the final. The club later claimed their first Munster Club SFC title after a defeat of St Senan's, Kilkee. Castlehaven won a second Cork SFC title, after a defeat of local rivals O'Donovan Rossa in 1994, while the also claimed further Munster Club SFC honours in 1994 and 1997. The new century brought further a third Cork SFC title success in 2003. This was followed by back-to-back successes in 2012 and 2013, and again in 2023 and 2024. Castlehaven claimed their fourth Munster Club SFC title after a penalty shootout defeat of Dingle in 2023. Honours Munster Senior Club Football Championship (4): 1989, 1994, 1997, 2023 Cork Premier Senior Football Championship (7): 1989, 1994, 2003, 2012, 2013, 2023, 2024 Kelleher Shield (Cork Senior Football League) (3): 1993, 1998, 2007 Cork Intermediate Football Championship (1): 1978 Cork Junior A Football Championship (1): 1976 West Cork Junior A Football Championship (2): 1973, 1976 West Cork Junior B Football Championship (2): 1944, 1969 West Cork Junior B Hurling Championship (2): 1973, 1980 West Cork Junior C Football Championship (1): 2003 Cork Under-21 Football Championship (5): 1981, 1983, 1998, 2007, 2010 West Cork Under-21 A Football Championship (7): 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1998, 2007, 2010 West Cork Under-21 B Hurling Championship (1): 1981 Cork Minor A Football Championship (2): 2013, 2023 West Cork Minor A Football Championship (4): 2001, 2004, 2013 2023 West Cork Minor B Football Championship (6): 1971, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1986 West Cork Minor C Football Championship (1): 2012 Notable players Michael Burns: All-Ireland SFC-winner (1989) Niall Cahalane: All-Ireland SFC-winner (1989, 1990) John Cleary: All-Ireland SFC-winner (1989, 1990) Michael Maguire: All-Ireland SFC-winner (1989, 1990) Larry Tompkins: All-Ireland SFC-winner (1989, 1990) References External links Official Castlehaven GAA Club website
Castlehaven GAA

Il Castlehaven GAA è un club GAA di calcio gaelico, che gioca nella contea di Cork, Irlanda. La sede, così come il terreno di gioco, sono situati a Skibbereen. Il club prende parte alle competizioni organizzate dal Cork County Board e dal sottocampionato di Carbery GAA. Nonostante la scarsa popolazione del villaggio, il club si è distinto per buoni risultati a livello provinciale e di contea. Calcio gaelico Palmarès Munster Senior Club Football Championships: 3 1989, 1994, 1997 Cork Senior Football Championships: 3 1989, 1994, 2003 Runner-Up 1979, 1997, 2011 Cork Intermediate Football Championship 1 1978 Runners-Up 1977 Cork Junior Football Championship 1 1976 Cork Minor A Football Championship 0 Runners-Up 2004 Cork Under-21 Football Championship 5 1981, 1983, 1998, 2007, 2010 West Cork Junior Football Championship 2 1973, 1976 West Cork Junior B Football Championship 2 1944, 1969 West Cork Junior C Football Championship 1 2003 West Cork Minor A Football Championship 1 2001 Runner-Up 2005 West Cork Minor B Football Championship 6 1971, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1986 Beaten finalists 1974, 1983, 1987 West Cork Under-21 A Football Championship 7 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1998, 2007, 2010 Beaten finalists 1972, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1984, 1987, 1996, 2002, 2008, 2012 Note Collegamenti esterni Official Castlehaven GAA Club website, su castlehavengaa.ie. Munster Club Teams, su munster.gaa.ie. URL consultato il 4 aprile 2009 (archiviato dall'url originale il 19 luglio 2008).
Castle Durrow

Castle Durrow (irisch Caisleán Darú) ist ein Landhaus in Durrow im irischen County Laois. Das Haus aus dem frühen 18. Jahrhundert ist im präpalladianischen Stil errichtet und von formellen Gärten umgeben, wie dies im 18. Jahrhundert populär war. Es gilt als eines der schönsten Landhäuser im County Laois. Geschichte Colonel William Flower (ab 1733 Baron Castle Durrow) ließ das Haus zwischen 1712 und 1716 als Familienwohnstatt errichten. 1751 wurden dessen Sohn, Henry Flower, 2. Baron Castle Durrow, zum Viscount Ashbrook erhoben. Diesen Titel führt heute der Nachfahre in direkter Linie, Michael Flower, 11. Viscount Ashbrook, (* 1935). Die Familie Flower besaß das Anwesen bis 1922; dann waren sie zum Verkauf gezwungen und kehrten nach England zurück. Ein Mr Maher aus Freshford im County Kilkenny, der hauptsächlich an dem schlagbaren Holz des Anwesens interessiert war, kaufte Castle Durrow. Später übernahm die Land Commission die landwirtschaftlich nutzbaren Grundstücksteile, während das Forestry Department den lichten Wald übernahm. Nachdem das Landhaus etliche Jahre leerstand, wurde es 1929 in eine Schule (St. Fintan’s College and Convent) umgewandelt und 1998 kauften Peter und Shelley Stokes das Gebäude und bauten es zum luxuriösen Castle Durrow Country House Hotel um. Quellen und Weblinks History of Castle Durrow. In: Castle Durrow Country House Hotel. Abgerufen am 14. Februar 2019 (englisch). Castle Durrow, Durrow, Co. Laois. In: Ireland’s Blue Book. Abgerufen am 14. Februar 2019 (englisch). Julie Ann Godson: The Water Gypsy. How a Thames Fishergirl Became a Viscountess. Hrsg.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 2018, ISBN 978-1-5119-7342-7 (englisch, google.de [abgerufen am 14. Februar 2019]).
Castle Durrow

Castle Durrow is an 18th-century country house in Durrow, County Laois, Ireland. The house was built in the pre-Palladian design and formal gardens that were popular in the 18th century. History The house was built between 1712-1716 by Colonel William Flower (from 1733 Baron Castle Durrow) as a family home. In 1751 William's son Henry was created first Viscount Ashbrook, also in the Irish peerage, and the title is still extant, being held by his direct heir, Michael Flower, eleventh Viscount Ashbrook (b. 1935). A large castellated tudor revival gate lodge was constructed for the house and grounds around 1835. The Flower family retained ownership of the estate until 1922, when they were forced to sell up and ultimately moved to England. The Bank of Ireland then took ownership of the estate. It was bought by a Mr. Maher of Freshford, County Kilkenny who was primarily interested in the estate's timber reserves. Eventually, the Irish Land Commission took over the arable portion of the property and the Forestry Department took over the woodland. Over 650 acres of forest were cleared surrounding the house between 1922 and 1928 including old forests of oak and ash. After standing empty for some years the house itself was bought by the parish of Durrow for £1,800 and transformed in 1929 into a school as St Fintan's College and Convent, and remained in use for that purpose until 1987. The house was put up for sale in 1992. In 1998, the house was purchased by Peter and Shelley Stokes and redeveloped as the Castle Durrow Country House Hotel. External links 1789 illustration of the house by James Malton References Bibliography Godson, Julie Ann, "The Water Gypsy. How a Thames fishergirl became a viscountess" (FindARead.com, 2014). A biography of Betty Ridge (1745–1808) who married the 2nd Viscount Ashbrook (1744–1780), and history of the Ridge and Flower families
Замок Дарроу

Замок Дарроу (англ. Castle Durrow) — один із замків Ірландії, розташований в графстві Леїш. Замок по суті є заміським особняком ірландських аристократів. Побудований в XVIII столітті в перепалладійському стилі, що був популярний в той час. Замок Дарроу був побудований для проживання, а не для оборони і вважається одним із кращих заміських будинків аристократії графства Леїш. Нині це розкішний готель. Історія замку Дарроу Замок Дарроу був побудований в 1712—1716 роках полковником Вільямом Фловером. У 1733 році він отримав титул барона Дарроу. У 1751 році вин Вільяма — Генрі отримавтитул І віконта Ешбрук, пера Ірландії. Цими титулами володії нині його нащадок — Майкл Фловер — ХІ віконт Ешбрук (нар. 1935 році). Родина Фловер володіла замком до 1922 року, коли вони змушені були продати замок і виїхати в Англію в зв'язку з війною за незалежність Ірландії, що вирувала в той час. Замок купив містер Махер з Фрешфорда, графство Кілкенні, що займався деревиною і цікавився тутешнім лісом. Зрештою, Земельна комісія Ірландії взяла на себе розпорядження цими землями, а Лісовий департамент Ірландії взяв на себе розпорядження лісами. Протягом кількох років замок стояв порожнім, потім був перетворений на школу в 1929 році — коледж Святого Фіттана, яким опікувався монастир. У 1998 році замок придбали Пітер і Шеллі Стокс і переробили замок Дарроу в готель вищого класу. Джерела History of Castle Durrow Ireland's Blue Book, www.irelands-blue-book.ie, January 9, 2006, retrieved January 9, 2006.