NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Desmond Hall and Castle

Desmond Hall and Castle, also called Desmond Castle and Banqueting Hall or Newcastle West Medieval Complex and Desmond Hall, are a set of medieval buildings and National Monuments located in Newcastle West, Ireland. For over 200 years, it belonged to the Fitzgerald family, Earls of Desmond. Location Desmond Hall and Castle are located on south of the main square in the western end of Newcastle West. History A castle was built in the 13th century by the FitzGerald Earls of Desmond. Local talks also connects it with the Knights Templar, perhaps confusing them with their house at Askeaton. By 1298, the castle had curtain walls and defensive towers surrounding the complex, with thatched houses, cattle byres and fishponds in the centre. Newcastle West was sacked in 1302 and destroyed in 1315. The present structure dates to the 15th century, with the hall and chamber built on the site of the earlier structure, and used for banqueting and entertainment. In 1591, during the Desmond Rebellions, the castle was seized by the Crown and granted to Sir William Courtenay on condition that 80 English colonists be settled in the area as part of the Munster Plantation. James FitzThomas FitzGerald retook the castle in 1598 but lost it again the next year. It was regranted to Sir William's son Sir George Courtenay, 1st Baronet in 1639. In 1643, during the Irish Confederate Wars, the castle was besieged for four months, then taken by the Irish Catholic Confederation. They burned it and executed the garrison. The castle buildings were attacked by Oliver Cromwell’s forces in 1645, and further damage during the Williamite war in Ireland in the late 17th century. In the 17th and 18th century the castle was occupied by the Mahony family, while the Courtenay Earls of Devon lived in Courtenay Castle; much of what had survived of the Desmond Castle was demolished in the 18th century to make room for Courtenay Castle. The banqueting hall was restored in early 19th century, a replacement fireplace being found in Kilmallock. By the 19th century, the Earl of Devon's agent Charles Curling was living in Courtenay Castle, and the Curlings bought Desmond Castle in 1910. It was burned down on 8 August 1922 during the Irish Civil War. It was owned by the Curlings until the 1940s. Later, it was used as a Masonic hall and as a cinema. The site was taken into state care in 1989, and renovation began in 1990 under the auspices of the Office of Public Works. Castle A spacious medieval hall of two storeys, with a vaulted lower chamber and adjoining tower. Restored medieval features include an oak minstrels' gallery and a limestone hooded fireplace. References
Annagh Church

Annagh Church is a ruined medieval church and National Monument located near Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland. The church was built between the 12th and 15th centuries. On the interior south wall of the church is a small, crudely carved sandstone sculpture of a man on a horse holding a weapon. The church is surrounded by a walled cemetery with older and modern gravestones. There are several ancient sites nearby, including a ringfort and standing stones. Description The church The Annagh church is located 3.6 km (2.2 mi) southwest of Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland. The roofless, ruined structure is located at the north end of its old burial ground. It has a plain, rectangular design, measuring 14 m (46 ft) by 5.5 m (18 ft) and is in a good state of preservation. It was originally built with local rubble sandstone and limestone, with no evidence that lime mortar was used. The sandstone was also used in a surviving, small stone carving on the interior south wall. Repairs to the walls of the church were done in the early 20th century. The church interior, laid with gravel contains several older and modern graves. The eastern gable's wall has been reduced over time to the height of the side walls and is lit by a single window. The western gable was reconstructed in the 20th century and now stands at less than 1 km (0.62 mi) in height. There is one window on the western wall. The northern wall survives to its full height although. It has a large gap and the western end of the northern wall has been reduced in size. There is no window on the north wall. The south wall stands at nearly full height and has one single window opening. The entrance doorway on the wall has a well-preserved 3-point arched doorway and is surrounded by a rare Anglo-Norman style drip-moulding. Inside the doorway entrance is a holy-water stoup scooped out of one of the wall stones. On the interior wall next to the doorway is a sandstone carving of a mounted knight. Sandstone carving On the south interior wall of the church, next to the doorway, is a small sandstone, carved in relief which has been built into the wall. The rough image is of a man on horseback holding a weapon in his right hand. It measures 460 mm (18 in) x 410 mm (16 in), and is 180 mm (7.1 in) thick. The head and left shoulder of the knight are missing. The carving may date to the 14th century and would have been carved into the wall of the church when it was built. History The church was built sometime between the 12th and the 15th century. There are many ancient sites in the area: Tonakilla Fort, a ringfort and standing stones. A 19th century survey of the church suggests that the Annagh church had been abandoned and in ruins by 1756. Approximately a half-mile away in the village of Blennerville, a new church was built in 1818 to replace the abandoned church. In 1877 the Blennerville parish was combined with the Tralee parish. The new church was named St Anna's, adopting the old placename 'Annagh' with a similar sounding saint's name. Gallery References
Church Island (Valentia Harbour)

Church Island (Irish: Oileán an Teampaill), is a small, elevated island lying in Valentia Harbour, County Kerry, Ireland. It is the site of a medieval monastic settlement, and includes the remains of a clochan, oratory, burial ground and two ancient shrines. The site is a National Monument in state care. Description Church Island is located on a 1-acre (0.4 ha) island in Valentia Harbour, immediately west of Beginish, 1.4 km (0.87 mi) north of Knightstown. The island measures 70 m (230 ft) EW and 50 m (160 ft) NS. The remains of an oratory, clochan, stone crosses and slabs, and two ancient shrines are visible reminders of the medieval monastery. On the south-west shore is an inscribed ogham stone dating to 650-750 AD. It is inscribed with a Maltese cross, central circle and four smaller circles. History The island was excavated from 1955 to 1956 by archaeologist, Michael J. O'Kelly. He suggested that there were two different phases of occupation on the island. The first phase was from the sixth to the seventh centuries. The earliest buildings were two wooden structures––a circular hut and another rectangular building. The rectangular building, found in the center of the island, was believed to be an oratory. The hut contained animal bones, charcoal and shell. Middens uncovered on the island revealed that the monks had a diet that included shellfish, cod, ballan wrasse, seal, fowl, and meat brought over from the mainland. There was a second occupation on the island shortly after the first phase, probably during the 10th or 11th centuries. A burial ground with more than thirty graves was uncovered during excavation. Some burials were likely to be monks who had died on the island. In the second phase of occupation, a stone circular building, the clochan, and a stone oratory replaced the wooden structures. The stone oratory probably was built at a later date than the clochan and is made of Valentia slate. At least eight of the burials date to the later period of occupation. Also uncovered during excavation were two stone crosses, several cross slabs, one with an ogham inscription. During a later excavation, in 2004, two shrines were discovered in the south part of the island. The first shrine measures 26 m (85 ft) and its surface is paved with Valentia slate and white quartz pebbles. It is thought to be a gable-shrine. The partial remains of four individuals were uncovered during excavation. The second shrine is trapezoid in shape and may have held human remains in the past. References
Замок Мінард

Замок Мінард (англ. Minard Castle) — один із замків Ірландії, розташований в графстві Керрі, на півострові Івераг. Історія замку Мінард Замок Мінард був побудований в XVI столітті. Це був один із трьох замків побудованих в той час аристократами династії ФіцДжеральд на землях Дінгл. Інші два замки це замки Рагіннан та Галларус. Біля замку є морських пляж, що вважається одним із найживописніших кам'яних пляжів Ірландії. Замок баштового типу, складається з прямокутної вежі, що побудована з грубих блоків місцевого каменю — пісковику. Камені з'єднані цементиючим розчином. Споруда яка дійшла до нас — це третя споруда замку Мінард — замок неодноразово руйнувався. У 1641 році спалахнуло повстання за незалежність Ірландії і над замком замайорів прапор Ірландської конфедерації. Повстання втопив у крові Олівер Кромвель. Замок довів свою міцність і силу, коли в 1650 році війська Олівера Кромвеля штурмували замок. Замок нещадно бомбардувався артилерією. Всі захисники замку загинули, але замок вистояв. У той час в 1650 році один із ватажків ірландських повстанців Волтер Хассей відступав через гори Кастлгрегорі. Він вирішив закріпитися в замку Мінард. Його переслідували англійські офіцери — полковники Легант та Седлер. Після обстрілу замку тіло Волтера Хассея було опізнане тільки по залишках одягу. Поранених захисників замку англійці добили. Замок після цього став непридатним до життя. Замок був закинутий і поступово перетворювався в руїну. Джерела http://www.megalithicireland.com/Minard%20Castle.html [Архівовано 22 листопада 2017 у Wayback Machine.] http://www.voicesfromthedawn.com/minard-castle/ [Архівовано 27 жовтня 2017 у Wayback Machine.]
St. Gobnet's Church

St. Gobnet's Church is a medieval church and National Monument located on Inisheer, Ireland. Location St. Gobnet's Church is located in the northern part of Inisheer, in the Aran Islands. History The site is believed to have been in use since the 6th century. According to traditional tales, Saint Gobnait fled from County Clare to Inisheer to escape a family feud. Later, an angel appeared to her and told her to return to the mainland and go south until she saw nine white deer; she settled at Ballyvourney and built a religious community. The remains of her beehive hut are said to be on Inisheer. The stone church was built in the 11th or 12th century. The church was excavated in 1980 by W. Walsh. Church A rectangular stone church. The remains of a beehive hut are visible; there are also two bullaun stones and three raised stone slabs. References
Templesaghtmacree

Templesaghtmacree is an Early Christian church and National Monument located on Inishmaan, Ireland. Location Templesaghtmacree is located right in the centre of Inishmaan, the middle Aran Island. It is directly east of the modern Catholic church, the Church of Our Lady and St John. History The name is derived from the Irish language, meaning "Church of the Seven King's Sons," commemorating seven men of royal birth who came to Inishmaan as hermits. It was formerly a site of pilgrimage. Church A rectangular stone church measuring 10.85 m (35.6 ft) by 4.95 m (16.2 ft) built circa 8th–10th centuries, only the bases of its walls survive. A doorway and window are in the south wall. It also contains Leaba Cinndeirge ("Cinndeirg's bed"), a grave of an obscure female saint with a cross slab. Tobar Cinndeirge, a holy well, is nearby. References
Arkin's Castle

Arkin's Castle (Irish: Caisleán Aircín) is a 13th-century ruined castle on the island of Inishmore, County Galway, Ireland. It is owned by the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment of Ireland. History Likely built by the O'Brien family in the 1200s, it passed through various owners in the 16th and 17th centuries, including Teige Ó Flaithbheartaigh in 1607. By the 1650s, the original structure had been demolished and a new, enlarged fort was built for Oliver Cromwell, where he stationed soldiers throughout the 1660s. Since the 1700s, it has been uninhabited. Today the ruins include part of a wall and water-gate to the north, a tower at the south-east corner, and a bartizan. The castle is listed on the Record of Monuments and Places as GA119-005---- and National Monument number 43.01. References
Killursa

Killursa is a medieval ruined church located in County Galway, Ireland. The name comes from the Irish ‘Cill Fhursa’, meaning “the church of Fursa”. St. Fursa was a 7th-century saint who is thought to have established a monastery on this site. The church building dates to the 12th century and was designed in the Romanesque style. It is surrounded by a large burial ground containing a combination of older and more modern graves. It is still in use today. The site is a protected national monument. Description The roofless, ruined church and large burial ground are located approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Headford, north of Galway city, in Ireland. The building is rectangular in layout, measuring 22.5 m (74 ft) in length and 7 m (23 ft) in width. Designed in the Romanesque style, it contains some interesting architectural details including a mullioned Late Gothic window and trabeate doorway. There is a stone altar on the east end. The graveyard contains a combination of old and modern gravestones. Some of the more interesting graves include carved Celtic crosses and symbols and inscriptions in Irish and Latin. Many of the surviving gravestones date from the 18th century. There is a statue of St. Fursa near the entrance to the graveyard. History A monastery is believed to have been founded in the 7th century on this site or nearby, on the shore of Lough Corrib by Saint Fursa. Saint Fursa was legendary in medieval literature for his visions of angels and the afterlife. The church dates from the 12th or 13th century. It was formally known as "Furnee". The church was probably used until the 18th century when it was abandoned and fell into ruin. See also Clonfert Cathedral Drumacoo References
St. Macdara’s Island

St. Macdara’s Island (irisch Cruach na Cara) ist eine eineinhalb Kilometer lange und 27 m hohe Insel vor der Küste von Connemara im County Galway in Irland. Ihr englischer Name bezieht sich auf den heiligen Sinach Mac Dara, der hier seiner Hagiographie nach im 6. Jahrhundert lebte. Innerhalb einer nur teilweise erhaltenen Ummauerung, oberhalb eines Naturhafens an der südöstlichen Küste der Insel, befinden sich ein Oratorium und andere frühchristlichen Relikte (Keltenkreuz und Cross-Slabs). Das einräumige Oratorium von Illaun oder Macdara Oratorium aus dem 6. Jahrhundert misst 4,5 × 3,4 m, ist mit Steinplatten bedacht, die beiden steinernen Giebelfiguren und der Dachfirst wurden 1975 ergänzt. Der Türöffnung mit großem Steinsturz liegt eine rundbogige Fensteröffnung im Osten gegenüber, wo auch Überreste von Verputz erhalten sind. Eine quadratische Fensteröffnung liegt im Süden. Die oft polygonen Steine bestehen aus grauem und rosa Granit, dem Grundgestein der Insel. Der leicht rosa Farbton ist das Ergebnis des Verfalls des Feldspates im grauen Granit. Das auch auf einer Briefmarke abgebildete Oratorium besteht hauptsächlich aus feinkörnigem grauen Granit. Das Gebäude zeigt starken Flechtenbewuchs. Es wird als intakt eingestuft und gilt als eines der besterhaltenen frühkirchlichen Gebäude in Irland. Weil St. MacDara der Schutzpatron der Fischer ist, wird an seinem Fest, dem 16. Juli, nicht gefischt und die Seeleute ziehen gewöhnlich ihre Segel ein, wenn sie an der Insel vorbeikommen. Die Insel ist unbewohnte Sommerweide für Schafe und Rinder. Andere irische Oratorien aus Stein sind: der Benan Temple auf der Insel Inishmore ebenfalls im County Galway, das Gallarus Oratory und das Killelton Oratory im County Kerry und Temple Cronan im County Clare. Literatur Archaeological Inventory of County Galway. Band 1: Paul Gosling: West Galway (including Connemara and the Aran Islands). Stationery Office, Dublin 1993, ISBN 0-7076-0322-6. Weblinks Chapel of St Macdara’s Island Das frühchristliche Oratorium engl. Das frühchristliche Oratorium engl. von 1895
Saint Macdara's Island

Saint Macdara's Island (Irish: Cruach na Cara) is a small island off the coast of County Galway in Ireland on which stands a mediaeval Christian monastery and National Monument. Location The island is located on a 60-acre (24.5 ha) granite mountain island off the coast of Connemara, 6 km (3.7 mi) west-southwest of Carna. History Saint Sinach Macdara, patron saint of seafarers, is believed to have built a wooden church on the island in the sixth century. It was replaced by the present stone building in the 10th century. The roof stones were cut to mimic wood shingles. Local fishermen traditionally dipped their sails three times while passing the island. A wooden statue of the saint was paid special reverence by locals; in an act of iconoclasm the Archbishop of Tuam ordered it buried. Every 16 July on Féile Mhic Dara (Feast of Macdara) local people make a pilgrimage to the island for a mass and blessing of boats (including the famous Galway hookers). There is no pier on the island. Nine people drowned on a pilgrimage to the island during a storm in 1907. The roof on the island's church was restored in 1977. In addition to the church, there are three penitential stations consisting of cross slabs, and a holy well. There are also the ruins of a much later bothy around which animals were once raised. Description A stone church or oratory, probably a shrine for Macdara's remains. There are several cross slabs and an enclosure. Postage stamps The Irish postal service, An Post, released a series of definitive stamps between 1982 and 1986 depicting the tenth century Macdara's Church on the island. The five stamps were as follows: References
Dunmore Castle

Dunmore Castle is a castle and National Monument located in County Galway, Ireland. Location Dunmore Castle is located 1 km (0.62 mi) northwest of Dunmore, County Galway, on the north bank of the Sinking River. History Tradition states that Dunmore (Irish dún mór, "great hillfort") was a lesser residence of the ancient Kings of Connacht. The first castle at Dunmore was built by De Birmingham family in the early 13th century as a bulwark against Gaelic Irish attacks. In 1249 Dunmore was attacked and burned by the Ó Conchubhair (O'Conors). In 1284 it was besieged by the Síol Maelruain under Fiachra O'Flynn. In 1315 the castle was damaged by Rory O'Conor during the Bruce campaign in Ireland. Most of the present structure dates from the early 14th century, i.e. the reigns of Edward II and III as Lords of Ireland: it was a two-storey hall keep. Dunmore Castle was modified in the 16th century, with extra floors, roof gables, chimneys, windows and a ground floor entrance. The de Berminghams rebelled against Queen Elizabeth I and the castle was taken from them in 1569 by Sir Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy of Ireland, although it was later returned. The castle was seized from the de Berminghams permanently in the Cromwellian era (1650s). It was occupied by the Ouseley family (including the famous preacher Gideon Ouseley) until the 19th century. A lime kiln was built on the site in the 19th century. The castle is at present under the protection of the Office of Public Works. Description The castle is a rectangular five-storey keep measuring 14 m × 8.2 m (46 ft × 27 ft) at base with a large base-batter. There is evidence for a garderobe at the northwest. The windows include an oculus, mullions and arrowslits. Some of the curtain wall survives. References
Ardamullivan Castle

Ardamullivan Castle (irisch Caisleán Ard Mhaolabháin) ist ein Tower House etwa acht Kilometer südlich von Gort und etwa zwei Kilometer südwestlich des Lough Cutra im irischen County Galway und gilt als National Monument. Geschichte Ardmullivan Castle ließ der O'Shaughnessy-Clan errichten, der über die Region Cenél Áeda na hEchtge herrschte, bis er in den 1650er-Jahren bei der Rückeroberung Irlands enteignet wurde. Erstmals wird die Burg nach dem Tod von Ruaidhrí Gilla Dubh Ó Seachnasaigh 1567 urkundlich erwähnt. 1579 kämpften Diarmaid Riabach Ó Seachnasaigh und sein Neffe John im Streit über die Burg gegeneinander; der Kampf endete mit dem Tod beider Kombattanten. Diarmaid Riabach hatte vorher dadurch allgemeine Bekanntheit erlangt, dass er Richard Creagh, (1523–1586) den geflohenen katholischen Erzbischof von Armagh, an die Verwaltung verraten hatte. In den 1990er-Jahren wurde die Burg restauriert; sie erhielt ein neues Dach und wurde mit Kalkmörtel verputzt. Wandmalereien aus dem Spätmittelalter entdeckte man im Erdgeschoss und im 3. Obergeschoss; man hat diese mit denen in der Knockmoy Abbey und in der Clare Island Abbey verglichen. Abgebildet sind ein Bischof, eine Hirschjagd, der Heilige Christophorus, ein Kreuzweg und der Erzengel Michael beim Abwiegen der Seelen am Jüngsten Tag. Beschreibung Das Tower House hat sechs Stockwerke. Ein Teil der originalen Verteidigungsmauer ist noch erhalten. Es gibt Spuren von Scharwachttürmen an der Nordost- und der Südwestecke sowie entlang der Südmauer. Darüber hinaus findet man ein Maschikuli, (deutsch Mörderloch), viele Fensterschlitze, offene Kamine und einen Spülstein. Spuren von Mauern um die Burg herum könnten Reste einer originalen Einfriedung sein. Literatur Peter Harbison: Guide to the National and Historic Monuments of Ireland Gill and Macmillan, Dublin 1992, ISBN 0-7171-1956-4, S. 85 Einzelnachweise Weblinks Ardamullivan Castle. YouTube.
Ardamullivan Castle

Ardamullivan Castle is a tower house and National Monument located in County Galway, Ireland. Location Ardamullivan Castle is located 8.2 km (5.1 mi) south of Gort and 2 km (1.2 mi) southwest of Lough Cutra. History Ardamullivan Castle was built in the 16th century by the Uí Sheachnasaigh (O'Shaughnessy) clan, rulers of the region known as Cenél Áeda na hEchtge until being disposed by Cromwell's invasion (1650s). It is first mentioned after the 1567 death of Ruaidhrí Gilla Dubh Ó Seachnasaigh. In 1579, Diarmaid Riabach Ó Seachnasaigh and his nephew John, fought each other in a dispute over the castle, which resulted in death for both. Diarmaid Riabach had previously acquired notoriety after betraying Richard Creagh, the fugitive Catholic Archbishop of Armagh, to the authorities. The castle was restored in the 1990s, including reroofing and plastering with lime mortar. Late medieval wall paintings were discovered on the first and fourth levels; they have been compared to those at Abbeyknockmoy and Clare Island Abbey. Depicted is a bishop, a stag hunt, Saint Christopher, a Passion cycle, and St Michael weighing souls on Judgement Day. Description The tower house six storeys. Part of the original attacking wall remains. There are traces of bartizans on the NE and SW corners and along the south wall. Other features include a machicolation, murder hole, many slit windows, fireplaces and a slopstone. Traces of walls around the castle may be part of the original bawn. References External links Ardamullivan Castle on YouTube