NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Salem Airport (India)

Salem Airport (IATA: SXV, ICAO: VOSM) is a domestic airport serving the city of Salem in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located at Kamalapuram, about 20 km (12 mi) from the city centre. History Salem airport is located at Kamalapuram, about 20 km (12 mi) from the city. It was built at a cost of ₹60 million (US$630,000), and opened in April 1993. The airport was partially funded through private donations, with the Salem Steel Plant contributing ₹3 million (US$31,000). Originally, the airport had a single 1,350 m (4,430 ft)-long runway, and it was planned for Vayudoot to begin flight services, using small aircraft. However, the runway was later expanded to accommodate larger aircraft. Initially, a single service was launched to Chennai via Coimbatore, and was withdrawn after three months due to poor patronage. The airport was in disuse since then. In the early 2000s, the Airports Authority of India spruced up the airport to enable it to handle commercial operations again. While Simplifly Deccan obtained permission to fly to the airport in 2003, it did not materialise. In 2006, the airline agreed to begin its Salem operations, but only if the local industry deposited at least ₹9 million (US$94,000) or gave a commitment for 50% bookings on average. After the airline merged with Kingfisher Airlines, the service to Chennai was finally launched in November 2009. The service was withdrawn on 28 October 2011 after the airline faced financial issues. In 2018, the airport was one of the destinations identified under the Government of India's UDAN regional connectivity scheme. In March 2018, the Ministry of Civil Aviation changed the status of the airport to "unserved" to enable the introduction of flights under the scheme. In the same month, TruJet announced the launch of flights to Chennai, with other airlines such as Air Odisha planning to begin operations in 2019. TruJet suspended operations when it filed for bankruptcy in June 2022. Since then, the airport remained closed for commercial operations, until Alliance Air and IndiGo launched flights from the airport in October 2023. Infrastructure The airport is spread across a 136 acres (55 ha) site. It has a single 1,806 m (5,925 ft)-long runway, oriented 04/22, and equipped with navigational facilities including Very high frequency radio, Precision Approach Path Indicator, and Non-directional beacon. The parking apron can accommodate two small fixed wing and one narrow body aircraft. The terminal building can handle 100 passengers simultaneously. In the 2010s, the union government allocated funds for the expansion of the airport. However, protests by farmers and land owners, delayed the land acquisition process. Airlines and destinations Connectivity The airport is connected by government operated buses from the Central Bus Terminus in Salem. Salem Junction is the nearest major railhead. Cab services, call taxis and auto rickshaws provide commuting services to the airport. See also List of airports in Tamil Nadu References
Aeroportul Salem

Aeroportul Salem (IATA: SXV, ICAO: VOSM) este un aeroport din Salem, Tamil Nadu, Salem district⁠(d), Tamil Nadu, India ce deservește zona Salem district⁠(d)[[Salem district (district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India)|​]]. Aeroportul a fost tranzitat în septembrie 2022 de 17 pasageri. Situat la o altitudine de 307 m, aeroportul dispune de o singură pistă. Este operat de Airports Authority of India⁠(d). Infrastructură Piste Terminale Note Vezi și
Salem Airport (flygplats i Indien)

Salem Airport är en flygplats i Indien. Den ligger i distriktet Salem och delstaten Tamil Nadu, i den södra delen av landet, 1 900 km söder om huvudstaden New Delhi. Salem Airport ligger 301 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Salem Airport är huvudsakligen platt, men österut är den kuperad. Runt Salem Airport är det mycket tätbefolkat, med 1 135 invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Salem, 17,8 km sydost om Salem Airport. Omgivningarna runt Salem Airport är en mosaik av jordbruksmark och naturlig växtlighet. Kommentarer Källor
Vellore Airport

Vellore Airport (ICAO: VOVR) is located in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. It serves Vellore and Adjoining districts such as Ranipettai, Thiruvannamalai and Tirupattur in Tamilnadu and also serves the parts of Chittoor District in Andhra pradesh. This airport exactly sits at a distance of 150 kilometres apart from Karnataka's Bangalore's International Airport. As of 2020, it is revived and under construction. History In July 2006, it was re-activated in as a part of Airports Authority of India idle airports activation programme to facilitate regular flying by trainee pilots of the Madras Flying Club whose operations were restricted with the increase in scheduled aircraft movement at Chennai Airport. The Madurai airport flies internationally to three main destinations, which included the Dubai airport, Singapore Changi AirPort and the Colombo Bandaranaike airport. The club stopped its training activities in March 2011. The Government of Tamil Nadu had announced that it would speed up the construction of a terminal building and make the airport fully functional by 2009 to allow operation by 45-seater ATR aircraft. The Airports Authority of India (AAI) has embarked on an "idle airports activation programme" in the Southern region that includes Vellore. The Government plans to set up an aeronautical training institute and pilot academy in collaboration with Airports Authority of India. According to the latest news, the State Highways Department has to hand over 775 meters of land on Abdullapuram-Alangayam Road to the Airports Authority of India for completion of the airstrip at the upcoming Vellore Airport. The airport was revived under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) of the MoCA in 2018. The AAI is planning to expand the airport by 66 acres to extend the airstrip and make it suitable for operation of a 20-seater aircraft under RCS. Currently runway and terminal building works are under progress, all the required infrastructure works was said to be ready by June 2019 for operations but the operation has failed to meet deadline and delayed many times, which has slowed the operation, the officials blame Highway Department for delay in handing over land for road space. Again, in April 2023 it was reported that the Vellore Airport was being operationalized with the UDAN scheme. In September 2023, it was reported that initial tests of signaling and other equipment were successful and that the airport would imminently be opened for commercial flight operations. Layout and infrastructure The runway expansion of 850 meters (2,790 ft) is in works, to accommodate 20-seat aircraft. References External links
Vellore Airport

Vellore Airport är en flygplats i Indien. Den ligger i distriktet Vellore och delstaten Tamil Nadu, i den södra delen av landet, 1 800 km söder om huvudstaden New Delhi. Vellore Airport ligger 232 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Vellore Airport är platt åt nordost, men åt sydväst är den kuperad. Runt Vellore Airport är det tätbefolkat, med 550 invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Vellore, 7,3 km öster om Vellore Airport. Omgivningarna runt Vellore Airport är en mosaik av jordbruksmark och naturlig växtlighet. Kommentarer Källor
Flughafen Pondicherry

Der Flughafen Pondicherry (englisch Pondicherry Airport, auch Puducherry Airport, IATA-Code: PNY, ICAO-Code: VOPC) ist ein nationaler Flughafen (Domestic Airport) bei der Großstadt Puducherry (ehemals Pondicherry) im gleichnamigen südindischen Unionsterritorium. Geschichte Der Flughafen wurde im Jahr 1989 eröffnet; die Flüge nach Chennai und Bangalore mussten jedoch schon bald wegen Passagiermangels eingestellt werden. In den Jahren 2007–2012 wurde der Flughafen modernisiert und vergrößert, doch die erste Fluglinie musste ihren Betrieb schon bald wegen zu wenig Passagieren wieder einstellen. In den Jahren 2017/18 wurden die beiden Linien nach Hyderabad und Bengaluru eröffnet. Lage Der Flughafen Pondicherry liegt gut 3 km nördlich des Stadtzentrums in einer Entfernung von ca. 2,5 Kilometer (Luftlinie) zur Küste des Golfs von Bengalen. Die Aussteiger-Stadt Auroville befindet sich etwa 6 km nördlich. Flugverbindungen Von Pondicherry aus werden einmal täglich die Städte Hyderabad und Bengaluru angeflogen. Siehe auch Liste der Flughäfen in Indien Weblinks Puducherry Airport – Fotos + Kurzinfos (englisch) Einzelnachweise
Aeropuerto de Puducherry

El Aeropuerto de Puducherry​ (en tamil: புதுச்சேரி விமான நிலையம்) es un aeropuerto situado en Lawspet en Puducherry, un territorio de la Unión de la India. El aeropuerto tiene vuelos chárter y una escuela de formación de vuelo local que operan en estas mismas instalaciones. El Gobierno de Puducherry ha decidido ampliar el Aeropuerto de la ciudad para acomodar aviones más grandes y encargó un nuevo edificio terminal. La nueva terminal fue inaugurada el 17 de enero de 2013, con la llegada del primer vuelo de SpiceJet al aeropuerto de Bangalore. El espacio tiene una pista de asfalto, con 1.500 metros de largo y 30 metros de ancho. Cuenta con nuevo edificio de la terminal que puede manejar 300 pasajeros durante las horas pico. Historia Entre 1989 y 1991 el aerolínea regional de Vayudoot viajaba entre Chennai, Neyveli y Bangalore. Poco después de abrir sus puertas el aeropuerto se encontró con dificultades los vuelos no fueron exitosos y se cancelaron, por lo que las siguientes dos décadas el aeropuerto permaneció en desuso.​ En junio de 2007 el gobierno local y la Dirección de Aeropuertos de la India firmaron un memorándum de entendimiento para expandir el aeropuerto en dos fases. En la primera fase adquirieron 19.92 hectáreas, expandieron la pista por 260 m ofreciendo a aviones ATR la oportunidad de aterrizar y construyeron una nueva terminal. La primera fase de la expansión fue completada a finales de 2012. La segunda fase implicaba otra expansión de 1,100 m para la pista, esto permitirá a aviones más grandes aterrizar en el aeropuerto.​ El 17 de enero de 2013 SpiceJet, una aerolínea de bajo costo, empezó los primeros vuelos en el nuevo aeropuerto modernizado de Bangalore. Poco tiempo después, el servicio fue cancelado por bajos números en cargas de pasajeros.​ El 14 de abril de 2015 Alliance Air volvió a poner en funcionamiento el aeropuerto con vuelos de Bangalore subvencionados por el gobierno de Puducherry. Seis meses después los vuelos fueron suspendidos por problemas de pago y no se sabe cuándo se va a reanudar el servicio.​ Aerolíneas y destinos Estadísticas Ver fuente y consulta Wikidata. Referencias
Aeroportul Pondicherry

Aeroportul Pondicherry (IATA: PNY, ICAO: VOPC) este un aeroport din Lawspet⁠(d), India ce deservește zona Pondicherry⁠(d)[[Pondicherry (city in the Union Territory of Puducherry, India)|​]]. Aeroportul a fost tranzitat în decembrie 2022 de 6.145 de pasageri. A fost numit după zona deservită. Situat la o altitudine de 41 m, aeroportul dispune de o singură pistă. Este operat de Airports Authority of India⁠(d). Infrastructură Piste Terminale Note Vezi și
Pondicherry Airport

Pondicherry Airport är en flygplats i Indien. Den ligger i delstaten Tamil Nadu, i den södra delen av landet, 1 900 km söder om huvudstaden New Delhi. Pondicherry Airport ligger 43 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Pondicherry Airport är platt. Havet är nära Pondicherry Airport åt sydost. Närmaste större samhälle är Pondicherry, 4,4 km sydost om Pondicherry Airport. Omgivningarna runt Pondicherry Airport är en mosaik av jordbruksmark och naturlig växtlighet. Kommentarer Källor
Namdröling-Kloster

Das Namdröling-Kloster (tib.: rnam grol gling) ist ein Kloster der Pelyül (dpal yul)-Tradition des tibetischen Buddhismus in Bylakuppe im Distrikt Mysuru (Mysore) im Bundesstaat Karnataka in Südindien. Es ist das größte Nyingmapa-Lehrzentrum der Welt und wurde von Penor Rinpoche (1932–2009) gegründet, der auch in diesem Kloster starb. Das Kloster Der Haupttempel ist im typischen Baustil der Sangdog-Pelri-Tempel für Tempelanlagen der Nyingma-Tradition des tibetischen Buddhismus errichtet. Das Kloster beherbergt eine Gemeinschaft von über 5000 Lamas (Mönche und Nonnen), eine religiöse Hochschule (oder Shedra) und ein Krankenhaus. Das Kloster war 1963 von dem 3. Drubwang Pema Norbu Rinpoche gegründet worden, nachdem er 1960 nach Indien geflüchtet war. Die ursprüngliche Struktur soll ein aus Bambus gebauter Tempel gewesen sein. Ngagyur Nyingma Institute Dem Kloster angeschlossen ist das Ngagyur Nyingma Institute (ein Institut für höhere buddhistische Studien und Forschungen), das 1978 gegründet wurde, und worin das Studium auf den Erwerb des Khenpo-Grades hinführt, der in dieser Schultradition dem höchsten Geshe-Grad in der Gelug-Schule entspricht und in etwa einem Doktorgrad im Westen. Der in Hamburg lehrende Tibetologe und Buddhologe Dorji Wangchuk aus Ostbhutan beispielsweise erhielt hier seine Ausbildung. Siehe auch Pelyül-Kloster Literatur Dorji Wangchuk (Universität Hamburg): Das dPal-yul-Kloster in Geschichte und Gegenwart: Die Wiederbelebung einer klösterlichen Tradition der rNying-ma-Schule (PDF; 1,8 MB). Ngagyur Nyingma Institute. Editorial Committee: The golden temple at Namdroling Monastery. Bylakuppe, Mysore District, Karnataka State, South India: Ngagyur Rigzod Editorial Committee, 2015 Weblinks Namdroling Monastery (Offizielle Webseite) Namdroling Monastery – rigpawiki.org Palyul Ling International – palyul.org (aus dem Webarchiv) Palyul Namdroling Monastery (Video) Ngagyur Nyingma Institute-Palyul Namdroling Monastery (Video) Einzelnachweise und Fußnoten
Namdroling

Le monastère de Namdroling (ou Thekchog Namdrol Shedrub Dargye Ling) est le plus grand centre d'enseignement Nyingmapa, école du bouddhisme tibétain dans le monde. Localisé dans la partie de Bylakuppe en Inde, dans le district de Mysore, le monastère accueille une communauté de plus de 5000 lamas (moines et nonnes), un collège religieux (ou shedra) et un hôpital. Histoire Le monastère a été établi par Penor Rinpoché en 1963, après son exil du Tibet en 1959. La structure initiale était un temple construit de bambou. En 2007, les facilités de logement seulement pour l'école incluent trois bâtiments de plus de 150 pièces. Voir aussi Articles connexes Liste de temples bouddhistes du Tibet Liste de temples bouddhistes de l'Inde Liens externes Namdroling Monastery in India Palyul Centers: Namdroling Monastery, South India Portail du monachisme Portail du monde indien Portail du Tibet Portail du bouddhisme
Observatoire solaire de Kodaikanal

L'Observatoire de Kodaikanal est un observatoire solaire de l'Institut indien d'astrophysique. Il est situé dans le sud des monts Palni (en), à 4 km de la ville de Kodaikanal, dans le District de Dindigul (Tamil Nadu). Les données solaires recueillies par ce laboratoire sont les plus vieilles du type en Inde et de nombreuses observations précises sur l'impact des rayons solaires sur l'ionosphère y ont été conduites grâce à son emplacement unique près de l'équateur. Les données recueillies sont envoyées à plusieurs institutions mondiales. Histoire Si tôt qu'en 1881, Mr Blanford qui était journaliste météorologique pour le gouvernement de l'Inde, recommandait que l'on améliore les travaux d'observations solaires afin d'obtenir des mesures précises du réchauffement de celui-ci sur la surface de la terre et de ses variations périodiques. En mai 1882, l'astronome gouvernemental de Madras, Norman Robert Pogson, suggère la photographie et la spectroscopie du Soleil et des étoiles utilisant un télescope de vingt pouces, qui pourrait être positionné à une station montagnarde dans le sud de l'Inde. Les premières observations ont commencé à Kodaikanal en 1901. En 1955, des installations géomagnétiques et une radiosonde ont été installées à l'observatoire de Kodaikanal. Entre 1922 et 1960, les directeurs étaient T. Royds, A. L. Narayan et Amil Kumar Das. En 1960, M. K. Vainu Bappu devient le directeur de l'observatoire. Cette même année, une tour solaire d'une hauteur de douze mètres est érigée avec des spectrographes modernes. Cette acquisition a permis de faire parmi les premières études héliosismologiques. La compilation de données de vecteur de champ magnétique a débuté dans les années 1960[style à revoir]. En 1977, plusieurs astronomes de Kodaikanal déménagent à Bangalore afin de s'établir à l'institut indien d'astrophysique. Activités actuelles Les zones d'intérêts actuelles à l'observatoire sont : observation et interprétation des changements morphologiques dans les régions actives ainsi que leur rôle dans l'apparition de phénomènes tels que les éruptions solaires ; étude des facteurs contribuant aux indices de calcium K chromosphérique ; la mesure des vecteurs de champ magnétique ; numérisation des photographies du dernier siècle pour les études à long terme des dix derniers cycles solaires ; étude sur la structure et la dynamique de l'ionosphère équatoriale et sa réaction aux variations solaires et interplanétaires. Notes et références Voir aussi Articles connexes Observatoire astronomique Liste d'observatoires astronomiques Liens externes (en)Site officiel Portail de l’astronomie Portail de l’Inde
Vivekanandar Illam

Vivekanandar Illam, earlier known as Ice House or Castle Kernan, is a historical building in Chennai, India. It was constructed in 1842 by Frederic Tudor. Indian Saint Swami Vivekananda stayed in the building when he visited Chennai in 1897, and it was later renamed in his honor. It is currently maintained by Ramakrishna Math and houses an exhibition on the life of Vivekananda. History In 1842, Frederic Tudor constructed the building facing the Bay of Bengal as a facility to store ice. In 1880, the business collapsed and the building was sold to Biligiri Iyengar, an advocate in the Madras High Court. Iyengar re-modeled the house and named it Castle Kernan after his friend and judge in Madras High Court. When Swami Vivekananda visited Madras in 1897, he stayed in the building between 6 and 14 February 1897. Later, Ramakrishna Math functioned from the building from 1897 to 1906. In 1914, the building was acquired by the Government of Madras and functioned as a hostel and training school for children run by R. S. Subbalakshmi. In 1963, on the birth Centenary of Swami Vivekananda, the Government of Tamil Nadu renamed the building as 'Vivekanandar Illam' meaning 'Vivekananda House' in Tamil. In 1997, Government of Tamil Nadu leased the building to Ramakrishna Math, and it currently houses an exhibition on the life of Swami Vivekananda. See also Heritage structures in Chennai References External links vivekanandahouse.org, Vivekananda House, Chennai Lonely Planet Review on Vivekananda House
Middle Button Island National Park

Middle Button Island National Park is an Indian national park located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The park was created in 1979 and is situated about 200 km (124 mi) northeast of Port Blair, capital of the island group. The total area that the national park covers is about 64 km2 (25 mi2). Along with the neighbouring islands of North Button and South Button, both also national parks, it forms part of the Rani Jhansi Marine National Park off the coast of South Andaman Island. Attractions and activities The island has an oceanic climate moderated by the surrounding sea. The average temperature varies between about 20 and 30 °C (68 and 86 °F). The island receives much rain during the southwesterly monsoon season between June and October, and most visitors come between December and April. Access is available by boat from Port Blair and visitors should contact the park office for information on scuba diving facilities, entry permits, timing of visits and fees. There is no accommodation in the park but visitors may organise packages to sleep on board vessels, or may camp with prior permission from the park authorities. Flora and fauna The island is clad in moist deciduous forest and surrounded by sandy beaches and shallow seas with clear water. Some of the trees and shrubs present include the rattan palm Calamus palustris, the climbing bamboo Dinochloa andamanica and Parishia insignis, Calophyllum soulattri, Artocarpus, Canarium, Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, Dipterocarpus pilosus, Endospermum chinensis, Hopea odorata, Bombax insigne, Sideroxylon, Aprosa villosula, Baccaurea sapida, Caryota mitis and Dinochloa palustris. Among the animals found on land are spotted deer, water lizards and monitor lizards. Marine fauna found in the park include dugongs, dolphins, sea turtles, fishes and many species of coral abound. Blue whales have been reported off the coast. References
Parque nacional de la Isla Middle Button

El parque nacional de la Isla Middle Button es un parque nacional en las islas de Andamán de la India. El parque se creó en 1979 y se encuentra a alrededor de 200 km al nordeste de Port Blair, capital del grupo de islas. La superficie del parque nacional es de alrededor de 64 kilómetros cuadrados.​ Junto con las islas vecinas de North Button y South Button, ambas parques nacionales también, forma parte del Parque nacional marino Rani Jhansi frente a la costa de la Isla Andamán del Sur.​ Atracciones y actividades La isla tiene un clima oceánico moderado por el mar que lo rodea. La temperatura media varía entre alrededor de 20 y 30 °C. La isla recibe mucha lluvia durante la temporada del monzón sudoccidental entre junio y octubre, y la mayor parte de los visitantes acuden entre diciembre y abril.​ El acceso se puede hacer por barco desde Port Blair y los visitantes deben contactar con la oficina del parque en los lugares para el submarinismo, permisos de entrada, horario de visitas y precios. No hay alojamiento en el parque, pero los visitantes pueden organizar paquetes para dormir en barcos de pasajeros, o pueden acampar con permiso previo de las autoridades del parque.​ Flora y fauna La isla se encuentra cubierta por bosque caducifolio húmedo y rodeada por playas de arena y mares poco profundos de agua clara.​ Algunos de los árboles y arbustos presentes son la palmera ratán Calamus palustris, el bambú trepador Dinochloa andamanica y Parishia insignis,​ Calophyllum soulattri, Artocarpus, Canarium, Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, Dipterocarpus pilosus, Endospermum chinensis, Hopea odorata, Salmalia insignis, Sideroxylon, Aprosa villosula, Baccaurea sapida, Caryota mitis y Dinochloa palustris.​ Entre los animales que se encuentran en tierra están el chital, agámidos Hydrosaurus (un tipo de lagarto) y varanos. En la fauna marina del parque están los dugongos, los delfines, las tortugas marinas, peces y abundan muchas especies de coral. A veces se han avistado ballenas azules frente a las costas.​​ Referencias Enlaces externos (en inglés) Ficha del parque en el sitio UNEP-WCMC