NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Shanan Power House

Shanan Power House (commissioned in 1932 ) is situated 2 km from Jogindernagar in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is the first hydroelectric power project of India in megawatt capacity. British Engineer Colonel B.C. Batty and his team in collaboration with the then ruler of Joginder Nagar region, Raja Karan Sen, designed and created it. The Shanan Power house is currently under the control of Punjab State Electricity Board and whole of the revenue goes to Punjab government. It is to be handed over to the Himachal Pradesh Government in 2024 after the completion of a 99-year lease. Design The project utilizes the hydroelectric potential between Uhl river at Barot and Jogindernagar that are separated by a crow fly distance of 7.3 km (4.5 miles) across a mountain range. Barot is at an elevation of 1829 m (6001 ft) while Shanon power house is at an elevation of 1283 m (4212 ft) ft. The water conductor system consists of a diversion dam at Barot, a tunnel and penstocks. The three penstocks include the two original 1.397 m dia and the third added for increased capacity in 1982 which is 1.83 m dia. The water from the power house discharges into Neri Khad in the River Beas catchment area. Construction British Engineer Colonel B.C. Batty wanted to construct five hydro-electric power stations by utilizing the water of Uhl river. To bring men and material for work to this place, a railway line was built from Pathankot to Joginder Nagar. To deliver construction material to the hill top for making a water reservoir at Barot, a funicular trolley way system was created there. The plan was to use the water for five power projects, but could not be completed due to the death of Mr. Batty, and it was stopped with only three power stations, the other being Bassi Power Station. A recently activated plant is Chullah powerstation having a reservoir at Machiyal. The original turbines were 4 x 12 MW. In March 1982, the Punjab Government upgraded the original turbines to 4 x 15 MW and added a 50 MW turbine for a total capacity of 110 MW. Turbines are from Ganz mavag, Hungary. See also Barot Uhl River References External links official website
ГЕС Шанан

ГЕС Шанан (Ухл I) — гідроелектростанція на півночі Індії у штаті Гімачал-Прадеш. Знаходячись перед ГЕС Бассі, становить верхній ступінь дериваційного каскаду, який живиться ресурсом із річки Ухл, правої притоки річки Біас (впадає праворуч до Сатледжу, найбільшого лівого допливу Інду). В межах проекту Ухл перекрили водозабірною греблею, яка спрямовує ресурс до створених на правобережжі двох резервуарів. Звідси вода по тунелю довжиною біля 5 км подається у паралельну долину ще однієї притоки Біасу — річки Neri Khad. На завершальному етапі прокладено три напірні водоводи довжиною по 1,4 км — два діаметрами по 1,4 метра та один з діаметром 1,8 метра. У 1932 році машинний зал станції ввели в експлуатацію з чотирма турбінами типу Пелтон потужністю по 12 МВт. В 1982-му їх модернізували до показника у 15 МВт та доповнили п'ятою турбіною потужністю 50 МВт. Гідроагрегати використовують напір до 548 метрів та забезпечують виробництво 0,5 млрд млн кВт-год електроенергії на рік. Відпрацьована вода спрямовується у дериваційну систему станції Бассі. Примітки
Raj Ghat

Raj Ghat (Hindi घाट राज, rāj ghāṭ, Königsghat) ist eine Gedenkstätte (samadhi) am Westufer des Flusses Yamuna in Delhi, Indien. Sie wurde 1951 zur Erinnerung an Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869–1948) an der Stelle errichtet, an der Gandhis Leichnam am 31. Januar 1948 eingeäschert worden war. Das Denkmal besteht aus einer schwarzen Marmorplatte mit einer ewigen Flamme und den eingravierten letzten Worten Gandhis: „Hē Rāma – oh Gott“. Die Parkanlage an der Ring Road birgt weitere Erinnerungsstätten an bedeutende indische Politiker, unter anderem an Jawaharlal Nehru und Indira Gandhi. Es ist üblich, die Schuhe beim Betreten der Anlage abzulegen. Am 2. Oktober, Gandhis Geburtstag und am 30. Januar, seinem Todestag, treffen sich Anhänger des Mahatmas, um seiner zu gedenken. Jeden Freitag werden im Raj-Ghat-Park Gebete abgehalten. Weblinks Website der Raj Ghat Samadhi (englisch), abgerufen am 25. Juni 2019 Einzelnachweise
Raj Ghat and associated memorials

Raj Ghat is a memorial complex in New Delhi, India. The first memorial there was dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi, where a black marble platform was raised to mark the location of his cremation on 31 January 1948 and consists of an eternal flame at one end. Located on Delhi's Ring Road, a stone footpath leads to the walled enclosure that houses the memorial. Later, the memorial complex was expanded to include memorials for other prominent Indian leaders including Charan Singh, Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Chandra Shekhar and Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Etymology Raj Ghat loosely translates to Royal Steps with the word "royal" alluding to the importance of the place and "steps" referencing the climb from the banks of the Yamuna river. Location Raj Ghat was the name of a location of historic ghat just outside Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) on the west bank of the Yamuna River east of Daryaganj. List of memorials The first memorial was dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi and sited on the spot where his remains were cremated on 31 January 1948. It consists of a black marble platform with an eternal flame at one end. A stone footpath leads to the walled enclosure that houses the memorial. Later the memorial complex was expanded to include several other samadhis for various leaders in the vicinity of Raj Ghat. The landscaping and planting of these memorials were originally performed by Alick Percy-Lancaster, Superintendent of Horticultural operations with the Government of India. In 2000, the government of India under Atal Bihari Vajpayee decided not to create separate memorials for different leaders as the existing memorials already occupied over 245 acres of prime land in Delhi. Controversies The hard materials used in the memorial have raised questions about the nature of Gandhian architecture, specifically the stark difference between the architecture of Raj Ghat and a Gandhian low-cost housing architecture. References External links India official tourism website
Raj Ghat

El Raj Ghat (patio real) es un memorial en recuerdo del líder hindú Mahatma Gandhi, que se encuentra en la ciudad de Nueva Delhi (India). Se trata de una simple losa de mármol negro, que marca el lugar en el que Gandhi fue incinerado el 31 de enero de 1948. Descripción El monumento se encuentra a cielo abierto y tiene una llama eterna en uno de sus extremos. Está situado a orilla del río Yamuna. Un camino de piedras conduce a la zona vallada en la que se encuentra el memorial. En el memorial se puede leer el siguiente epitafio: Hey Ram, que significa "Oh Señor", y que fueron las últimas palabras que pronunció Mahatma Gandhi antes de morir. En los alrededores del Raj Ghat se encuentran los puntos de cremación de otros líderes indios. El de Jawaharlal Nehru está situado al norte y se le conoce como Śantivan, que significa "bosque de paz". Un monolito de color rojo marca el lugar en el que se incineró el cadáver de Indira Gandhi y que recibe el nombre de Śakti Sthal ("Lugar del poder"). Alrededor del lugar de su cremación se esparcieron rocas procedentes de todos los Estados de la India.
Raj Ghat

Le Raj Ghat, mémorial du Mahatma Gandhi, est une simple plateforme de marbre noir commémorant la crémation de Gandhi au lieu éponyme situé au bord de la Yamuna, le 31 janvier 1948. Une flamme éternelle brûle à l'une de ses extrémités. Le Raj Ghat est situé sur les rives de la rivière Yamuna à Delhi en Inde. Deux musées dédiés à Gandhi sont situés à proximité. Sur le mémorial est inscrite l'épitaphe Hē Ram, (littéralement « Ô Rāma », mais aussi traduit comme « Ô Dieu »), qui sont les dernières paroles murmurées par Gandhi. Portail de l’histoire Portail de Delhi
Raj Ghat

Raj Ghat é um memorial e local onde se encontram as cinzas de Mahatma Gandhi. Consiste em uma plataforma de mármore negro, sobre a qual está colocada uma chama eterna. Simboliza o local em que Gandhi foi cremado (Antyesti) em 31 de janeiro de 1948, e abriga também os restos mortais de outros importante líderes indianos. Está localizado nas margens do rio Yamuna, em Nova Déli, na Índia. Outros memoriais O entorno de Raj Ghat abriga também os locais de cremação de outros líderes indianos: Jawaharlal Nehru Lal Bahadur Shastri Sanjay Gandhi Indira Gandhi Jagjivan Ram Choudhary Charan Singh Rajiv Gandhi Zail Singh Shankar Dayal Sharma Chandra Shekhar Chaudhary Devi Lal
Мемориал Махатмы Ганди

Мемориал Махатмы Ганди (Радж-Гхат, хинди राज घाट) — мемориал в Дели, установленный на месте кремации лидера национально-освободительного движения Индии Махатмы Ганди, павшего от рук убийцы в 1948 году. Радж-Гхат, как город, был заложен Шах Джаханом в 1638 году, своими восточными окраинами граничил с рекой Джамной, вдоль берегов которой были построены гхаты (спуск к воде в виде ступенек). Гхаты использовались в Индии на протяжении столетий, главным образом для совершения молитв, для стирки белья и купания, а также для ритуального обряда кремации. Радж-Гхат является местом кремации трёх, возможно, самых уважаемых в Индии людей: Махатмы Ганди (1948), Индиры Ганди (1984) и её сына Раджива (1991), — все из которых стали жертвами политических убийств.Теперь это скорее парк, чем пристань, и расположен он на значительном расстоянии от нынешнего берега Джамны. К самадхи (месту кремации) Махатмы, обозначенному невысоким чёрным постаментом, обращено внимание и молитвы непрекращающегося потока посетителей. Также, по традиции, все прибывающие в страну главы иностранных государств кладут венки к этому мемориалу Отца нации. К северу отсюда расположены более скромные мемориалы бывших премьер-министров Индии — дочери Неру Индиры Ганди, отмеченной серо-красным каменным монолитом, и её сына Раджива Ганди, запечатлённого в виде каменного монумента.Памяти Махатмы Ганди посвящены не только молитвы верующих, приходящих вечером в пятницу и в годовщины его рождения и смерти (2 октября и 30 января) к его самадхи, но и небольшой Национальный музей Ганди, расположенный напротив. По воскресеньям в нём показывают фильм о жизни и политической деятельности Ганди. Примечания
Радж-Ґгат

Радж-Ґгат (гінді राज घाट, Raj Ghat — «царський двір», «цараський ґгат») — меморіал в Делі, встановлений 1948 року на місці кремації лідера національно-визвольного руху Індії Магатми Ґанді. Крім Ґанді, тут були кремовані за поховані ще кілька політичних лідерів Індії: Джавахарлал Неру, Лал Бахадур Шастрі, Санджай Ґанді, Індіра Ґанді, Джаґджіван Рам, Чоудхарі Чаран Сінґг, Раджив Ґанді, Джіані Заїд Сінґг, Шанкал Даял Шарма, Деві Лал, меморіали яких розташовани північніше. Меморіал розташований на березі Ямуни, на ґгаті (спуску) до якої й відбувалися кремації. Поруч проходить Дорога Махатми Ґанді та розташовані два музеї, присвячені Ґанді, у тому числі Національний музей Ґанді.
Nilnag Lake

Nilnag (lit. 'blue-water lake'; Urdu pronunciation: [niːlnɑːɡ]; Kashmiri pronunciation: [nilɨnaːɡ]) is a freshwater lake 35 km (22 mi) away from Budgam town in Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir, a disputed region administered by India. It is around 47 km (29 mi) away from Srinagar, the summer capital of the union territory. The lake is famous for its turquoise water. The route from Yousmarg is rather difficult and unmotorable and goes through a dense forest. The lake's crystal-clear blue water gave it its name: nag stands for lake (or a spring) and nil for the blue colour. The location is a great for picnic spot. History The lake was Eric Biscoe's favourite destination. Biscoe (died in 1949), who was the founder of Tyndal Biscoe school in Jammu and Kashmir, wanted to be buried by the lake side. To honour his wishes, his ashes were brought and buried there. Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe in his book states: “In his introduction Parwez said that I was bringing back to Kashmir the mortal remains of Mr Eric to be cast into Nil Nag…. Some days later a party of students and staff accompanied us to Buzgu village, where I explained to the villagers Eric's wish and sought their approval. They gave approval and accompanied us to the lake where I paddled out on a couple of logs and shook the ashes into the waters of the lake.” Access Nilnag is easily accessible from Srinagar or Srinagar Airport (SXR), in under 2–3 hours from car or bus. The routes of Nilnag are from Srinagar to Chadoora, and then to Buzgu via Nagam. The total distance is about 47 km (29 mi). By road Nilnag can be reached in from under 2 hours by car or taxi from Srinagar. The roads have recently been reconstructed, however, at certain places, the roads may be uneven. Another route is from Yousmarg to Nilnag, however, it is only pliable by motorbikes. By air The nearest airport is the Sheikh-ul-Alam International Airport (Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir). Nilnag is at a distance of 41 km (25 mi) from the airport, and it takes about 2 hours by car. Recent developments The lake basin is actively going through shallowing owing to siltation, an indicator of which is the emergent vegetation cover "in the lake littorals". In 2017, Yousmarg Development Authority (YDA) undertook dredging of the lake basin. The boundaries were also widened, and huts were built for monitoring. References
Anwaar Mosque

Anwaar Mosque (Urdu: مسجد انوار, lit. 'Mosque of the splendour') is an Indian mosque located in the Darul Anwaar neighbourhood of Qadian. It was built in 1940 and is located adjacent to the Jamia Ahmadiyya Qadian. It has a capacity of around 1700 worshippers. The mosque has hosted several events and conferences. History The construction of the mosque began in 1939 and inaugurated on 22 March 1940 by the second caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad by offering Salah. During this time it was known as the 'Masjid Darul Anwaar', due to being located in the Darul Anwaar neighborhood and is often still referred to by this name. The capacity of the original mosque was 150 worshippers. Expansion The mosque was extended subsequently after the relocation of Jamia Ahmadiyya Qadian to Sarai Tahir, along with several other departments and the increasing population of the neighborhood, leaving the mosque overcrowded. Thus, in August 2007 the works for the expansion of the mosque began which was completed in December 2008, whence it was named "Masjid Anwaar". The building was constructed de novo, incorporating the old mosque. Partition of Indian subcontinent Following the partition of India, the mosque remained closed for a period of time and fell into a state of disrepair until 1991, alongside the construction of guest houses in Darul Anwaar, the mosque was repaired and restored. Architecture The mosque in its current form was designed by architect Abdul Rasheed. It has several features: It has one large central dome and one smaller dome 1 big minaret The entrance of the mosque has the phrase etched: And whoso enters it shall be at peace Gallery See also Jamia Ahmadiyya Noor Mosque, Qadian Mubarak Mosque, Qadian Aqsa Mosque, Qadian References
Sarada tehsil

Sarada (also spelt Sarara) is a tehsil of Salumbar district in Rajasthan, India. It consists of 152 villages and 3 towns (Bhalariya, Newa Talai, and Chawand). The tehsil headquarter is located in the village of Sarada. Before the formation of the Republic of India, the territory of present-day Sarada tehsil was part of the former Udaipur State. With the formation of the United State of Rajasthan (precursor to the state of Rajasthan) in 1948, the new district of Udaipur was constituted which included the area of present-day Sarada tehsil. In 2013, Sarada tehsil was sub-divided into two parts, with Semari tehsil being established as an independent tehsil, containing areas formerly under Sarada. The area of the tehsil is 776 square kilometres. The annual average rainfall in Sarada tehsil is 537 mm, with an average of 27 rainy days per year. References
Mavli tehsil

Mavli is a tehsil of Udaipur district in Rajasthan, India.The tehsil consists of 179 revenue villages which are organized in 42 gram panchayats and one town (Mavli). The tehsil headquarter is located in the town of Mavli. The boundaries of Mavli tehsil are conterminous with those of Mavli panchayat samiti. History Before the formation of the Republic of India, the territory of present-day Mavli tehsil was part of the former Udaipur State. With the formation of the United State of Rajasthan (precursor to the state of Rajasthan) in 1948, the new district of Udaipur was constituted which included Mavli tehsil. Geography The area of Mavli tehsil is 837 square kilometres. The tehsil is bordered by Girwa tehsil to the west, Rajsamand district to the north, Chittaurgarh district to the east, and Vallabhnagar tehsil to the south. The annual average rainfall in Mavli tehsil is 604 mm, with an average of 30 rainy days per year. 22 villages of Mavli that are in the vicinity of the city of the Udaipur urban area are subject to the jurisdiction and urban planning policies of the Udaipur Urban Improvement Trust. Demographics The population of Mavli tehsil is 230,532, of which 96% is classified as rural in the 2011 census. The sex ratio in the tehsil is 967. The tehsil's literacy rate is 52%.Mewari is the predominant language used in the tehsil, being the first language for 98% of the population of the tehsil. Economy Agriculture is a significant sources of income in Mavli tehsil with 57% of workers identifying as cultivators or agricultural labourers in the 2011 census. References
Noor Mosque, Qadian

Noor Mosque (Urdu: مسجد نور, lit. 'Mosque of the spiritual light') is a mosque in the Darul Uloom neighbourhood of Qadian. It was built in 1910, during the reign of first Ahmadiyya caliph, Hakeem Noor-ud-Din. It lies adjacent to the Darus Salam Kothi and the former Taleem-ul-Islam college. The mosque is considered the heart of the Darul Uloom neighborhood of Qadian, with the neighborhood being founded following the construction of the mosque. It was built in conjunction with a hostel and high school building to accommodate the increasing population of Qadian. History The foundation stone of the mosque was laid on 5 March 1910 by the first caliph, after Fajr prayer, and two months later, on 22 April 1910, when one portion of the mosque was built, the mosque was inaugurated with Asr prayers. The construction of the mosque was completed with ₹5,000 (equivalent to ₹1.7 million or US$17,000 in 2023), through the donations of the members of the community. Following its inception, it was used as a hostel for a small time. Jalsa Salana Qadian Between 1912-1913, the courtyard of the mosque was constructed, which spans across 5700 square ft. For a period of 10 years, spanning from 1913-1923, the Jalsa Salana in Qadian was held at the mosque here. Khilafat Election Following the death of Hakeem Noor-ud-Din, as per his will of the selection of a successor, the election of the second caliph was held at this mosque on 14 March 1914, following which Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad was elected as the second caliph in Ahmadiyya. Partition of Indian subcontinent Following the partition of India, the mosque remained closed when it was temporarily taken over by Hindus and Sikhs, with the exterior being used as a make-shift dhobi ghat and interior for public meetings. It continued to remain closed until 1990 when Friday prayers were resumed, along with the resumption of regular prayers in 2006. Architecture The mosque has several features: 1 central dome with 2 small minarets 2 bigger minarets on the corner of the mosques In February 2017, the entire mosque was renovated with new waterproof plastering and painting. See also Aqsa Mosque, Qadian Mubarak Mosque, Qadian White Minaret Anwaar Mosque References
Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary

The Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary is a nature reserve in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh, India, which covers 41.32 square kilometres (15.95 sq mi) and is located approximately seven kilometres from the town of Sundar Nagar. The sanctuary extends along the east and south sides of the Seri Khad stream. "Khad" is the Himachali term for a stream that provides essential water sources for the sanctuary's plants and wildlife. The area is full of steep slopes, grasslands, and various nullahs. The Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary is a habitat for a diverse range of plant and animal species. Fauna Seventy different bird species have been documented within the wildlife sanctuary. Notably, the sanctuary harbours the cheer pheasant (Catreus wallichii), a species classified as globally vulnerable and categorized as a restricted-range species of the western Himalayas. The Sanctuary also supports populations of the Kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos), Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus). Other avian species in the sanctuary include the Himalayan swiftlet, long-tailed shrike, blue-throated barbet, red-billed blue magpie, and fire-capped tit. In addition to its avian diversity, the sanctuary also serves as a habitat for a variety of mammals, including the snow leopard, Goral, barking deer, Hanuman langur, Indian fox, and black bear. According to findings from a Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA), the Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the ten areas within the Sutlej basin and its tributaries that merit protection as a "no-hydro project zone" to safeguard fish fauna. Concerns In 2010, the Himachal Pradesh High Court nullified the environmental clearance granted to a cement plant in Sundar Nagar, responding to local protests and concerns over the plant's proximity to Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary. However, during the Standing Committee meeting of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) in August 2014, a proposal was presented for the expansion of a cement plant at Bagga, Himachal Pradesh. The proposed site was 5.6 km from the boundary of the Majathal Sanctuary and 9.9 km from the Bandli Sanctuary. The Standing Committee approved the proposal requiring that 2% of the project's expenses be set aside for mitigation efforts and the protection and supervision of the wildlife within the Protected Area. Apart from meddling with the environment in and around the Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary, the areas also faces challenges from poaching, particularly during the winter season, and leopard attacks. There have been reports of leopard attacks in neighbouring areas of Sunder Nagar and Mandi, as well as sightings in nearby courtyards and colleges. References