NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Alai Darwaza

Das ʿAla-i Darwaza (= „Tor des ʿAlā“) in der Umfassungsmauer der Quwwat-ul-Islam-Moschee im Qutb-Komplex in Delhi ist der erste monumentale islamische Torbau in Indien. In seiner Architektur und Dekorfreude nimmt es zahlreiche Charakteristika der späteren Mogul-Architektur vorweg. Geschichte Das ʿAla-i Darwaza wurde gemäß einer am Bau gefundenen Inschrift im Jahr 1311 im Auftrag des Sultans Ala ud-Din Khalji errichtet. Als Vorgängerbau ist das in der Nähe stehende Iltutmish-Mausoleum (um 1236) zu nennen; wenige Jahre später (um 1325) entstand das Mausoleum für Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq Shah I. – beide Bauten zeigen viele Ähnlichkeiten, aber auch Unterschiede. Zu einem unbekannten Zeitpunkt wurde das ʿAla-i Darwaza durch Erdbeben schwer beschädigt, aber nicht gänzlich zerstört. Die eingestürzte Kuppel wurde unter der Aufsicht der britischen Kolonialverwaltung im frühen 20. Jahrhundert erneuert. Architektur Steinmaterial Der Kern des nach Süden gerichteten, kubischen und von drei Seiten über ca. 2 m hohe innenliegende Treppenaufgänge erreichbaren Torbaus besteht aus gebrannten Ziegelsteinen; diese wurden mit Platten aus rötlichem Sandstein und weißem Marmor verkleidet, die zuvor mit kalligraphischen Inschriften oder floralem Dekor versehen wurden. Grund- und Aufriss Der Grundriss des Torbaus ist quadratisch mit etwa 12 m Seitenlänge; die Gesamthöhe weicht nur unwesentlich davon ab, so dass man insgesamt von einem Kubus sprechen kann. Vier Portale führen ins Innere des Bauwerks, davon eines von der Südseite des Moscheehofs (sahn) aus. Der Bau war von der ersten echten Kuppel Indiens überdeckt; diese ruhte auf Eckbögen (Trompen). Baudekor Neben der architektonischen Gliederung gibt es mehrere abstrakt-geometrische Dekorelemente: die Portale und (Schein-)Fenster werden von kunstvoll gestalteten Säulen/Pfeilern gerahmt; die äußeren Rahmen sind mit kalligraphischen Inschriftbändern versehen zusätzlich schmückt die leicht hufeisenförmigen Portalbögen ein glückbringendes Dekor aus aneinandergebundenen umgedrehten Vasen bzw. Krügen (kalashas) die Fenster sind mit Steingittern (jalis) gefüllt, deren geometrische und potentiell unendliche Ornamentik dem islamischen Bilderverbot entspricht die Innenwände sind in Horror vacui-Manier mit geometrischen (meist sechseckigen) Ornamenten überzogen Siehe auch Teen Darwaza, Ahmedabad Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri Rumi Darwaza, Lucknow Weblinks Alai Darwaza – Infos (englisch)
Alai Darwaza

The Ala'i Darwaza (Urdu: علائی دروازه, lit. 'Gate of Alauddin') is the southern gateway of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in Qutb complex, Mehrauli, Delhi, India. Built by Sultan Alauddin Khalji in 1311 and made of red sandstone, it is a square domed gatehouse with arched entrances and houses a single chamber. It has a special significance in Indo-Islamic architecture as the first Indian monument to be built using Islamic methods of construction and ornamentation and is a World Heritage Site. Background The Alai Darwaza was built by Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji of the Khalji dynasty in 1311. It was a part of his plan to extend the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque on four sides. Although he planned to construct four gates, only the Alai Darwaza could be completed, as he died in 1316. It serves as the southern gateway of the mosque. It is located approximately at the southern part of the Qutb complex. In 1993, the Darwaza and the other monuments of the complex were designated a World Heritage Site. The surroundings of Qutb Minar including many tombs, the mosque, and the Iron Pillar is called Qutb Complex. Architecture The Alai Darwaza is made up of a single hall whose interior part measures 34.5 feet (10.5 m) and exterior part measures 56.5 feet (17.2 m). It is 60 feet (18 m) tall and the walls are 11 feet (3.4 m) thick. The gatehouse, from 1311, still shows a cautious approach to the new technology, with very thick walls and a shallow dome, only visible from a certain distance or height. Bold contrasting colors of masonry, with red sandstone and white marble, introduce what was to become a common feature of Indo-Islamic architecture, substituting for the polychrome tiles used in Persia and Central Asia. The pointed arches come together slightly at their base, giving a mild horseshoe arch effect, and their internal edges are not cusped but lined with conventionalized "spearhead" projections, possibly representing lotus buds. Net, stone openwork screens, are introduced here; they already had been long used in temples. The height of the dome is 47 feet (14 m). It is the first true dome built in India, as previous attempts to construct a true dome were not successful. The entire Darwaza is made up of red sandstone with white colored marbles inlaid on the exterior walls. There is extensive Arabic calligraphy on the walls of the Darwaza. The arches are horseshoe shaped, the first time such arches were used in India. The façade has pre-Turkish carvings and patterns. The windows have marble lattices. The surface decoration consists of interweaved floral tendrils and is repeated with symmetry on three doorways. Gallery References External links Media related to Alai Gate at Wikimedia Commons
Alai Darwaza

Alai Darwaza (en urdu: علاء دروازه‎, lit. 'Puerta de Aladín') es una puerta monumental que sirve de entrada/salida meridional en el muro perimetral de la mezquita Quwwat-ul-Islam del complejo de Qutb en Delhi. Fue construido en arenisca por el sultán de la dinastía Khilji Alaudín en 1311 y su estilo anticipa la arquitectura mogol. El complejo «Qutb Minar y sus monumentos (Delhi)», es desde 1993 Patrimonio de la Humanidad.​ que lo describe así: Arquitectura Materiales El núcleo de la puerta accesible desde las escaleras internas orientadas al sur es cúbico y en tres lados, y de aproximadamente 2 m de altura; consta de ladrillos quemados cubiertos con arenisca rojiza y losas de mármol blanco, previamente decoradas con inscripciones caligráficas árabes o decoraciones florales. Terreno y elevación El plano de planta de la caseta de entrada es cuadrado de unos 12 m de longitud lateral; la altura total se desvía solo de manera insignificante, de modo que se puede hablar de un cubo completo. Cuatro portales conducen al interior del edificio, uno de ellos desde el lado sur del patio de la mezquita (sahn). La construcción tiene cúpula que descansa en arcos de esquina (trompas). Decoración Además de la estructura arquitectónica, hay varios elementos decorativos geométricos abstractos: Los portales y (falsas) ventanas están enmarcados por columnas cuidadosamente trazadas; los marcos exteriores están decorados con cintas de inscripción caligráfica y los arcos del porche ligeramente en forma de herradura adornan una decoración que protege con jarrones o jarras adyacentes (kalashas) Las ventanas están llenas de celosías de piedra (jalis) cuya ornamentación geométrica y potencialmente infinita responde a la prohibición iconoclasta islámica. Las paredes interiores están cubiertas a modo horror vacui con ornamentos geométricos (en su mayoría hexagonales). Galería Referencias
Alai Darwaza

Ala'i Darwaza (urdujsko علاء دروازه‎, dob. ''Vrata Alaudina'') so južna vrata mošeje Quvat-ul-Islam v kompleksu Qutub, Mehrauli, Delhi, Indija. Zgradil jih je sultan Alaudin Khaldži leta 1311 in so narejena iz rdečega peščenjaka. Gre za kvadratno kupolasto vratarnico z obokanimi vhodi in eno samo komoro. Ima poseben pomen v indo-islamski arhitekturi kot prvi indijski spomenik, zgrajen z uporabo islamskih metod gradnje in okrasja. Ozadje Alai Darwaza je zgradil sultan Alauddn Khaldži iz dinastije Khaldži leta 1311. To je bil del njegovega načrta za razširitev mošeje Quvat-ul-Islam na štiri strani. Čeprav je načrtoval gradnjo štirih vrat, je bilo mogoče dokončati samo Alai Darwaza, ko je leta 1316 umrl. Služijo kot južna vrata mošeje. So na južnem delu kompleksa Qutub. Leta 1993 so bili Alai Darwaza in drugi spomeniki kompleksa razglašeni za svetovno dediščino. Arhitektura Alai Darwaza so sestavljena iz ene same dvorane, katere notranji del meri 34,5 čevljev, zunanji del pa meri 56,5 čevljev. Visoka so 60 18 m, stene pa so debele 3,4 m. Vratarnica iz leta 1311 še vedno kaže previden pristop do nove tehnologije, z zelo debelimi stenami in plitvo kupolo, ki je vidna le z določene razdalje ali višine. Krepke kontrastne barve zidov z rdečim peščenjakom in belim marmorjem predstavljajo tisto, kar je postalo običajna značilnost indo-islamske arhitekture, ki je nadomestila večbarvne ploščice, ki so jih uporabljali v Perziji in Srednji Aziji. Koničasti loki se pri vznožju rahlo združijo, kar daje učinek blagega podkvastega loka, njihovi notranji robovi pa niso zaobljeni, ampak obrobljeni s konvencionalnimi izboklinami v obliki 'suličastih' konic, ki morda predstavljajo lotosove popke. Tu so uvedene mreže, kamnite odprte pregrade; že dolgo so jih uporabljali v templjih. Višina kupole je 14 m. To je prva prava kupola, zgrajena v Indiji, saj prejšnji poskusi izdelave prave kupole niso bili uspešni. Celotna Darwaza je sestavljena iz rdečega peščenjaka z belimi marmorji, vdelanimi na zunanje stene. Na stenah Darwaze je obsežna arabska kaligrafija. Loki imajo obliko podkve, in so bili takšni loki prvič uporabljeni v Indiji. Fasada ima predturške rezbarije in vzorce. Okna imajo marmorne rešetke. Površinski okras sestavljajo prepletene cvetlične vitice in se simetrično ponavljajo na treh vratnih odprtinah. Galerija Sklici Zunanje povezave Predstavnosti o temi Alai Gate v Wikimedijini zbirki
Jawahar Circle

The Jawahar Circle is a garden traffic circle and heavily trafficked intersection in the city of Jaipur, India built by the Jaipur Development Authority. Overview Jawahar Circle is claimed to be the biggest circular park in Asia developed on a highway traffic circle. It is situated in Malviya Nagar, near Sanganer Airport, on Jawaharlal Nehru Marg. Although Swaraj Road, Thrissur, Kerala also claims to be the largest circle in Asia, the largest traffic circle or roundabout in the world with a diameter of more than 3.5 km (2.2 mi) is actually in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The diameter of the circle is 452 m (1,483 ft) and the circumference measures 1,420 m (4,660 ft). This park was fully developed by JDA (Jaipur Development Authority), and is one of Jaipur's popular leisure destinations. There are multiple concentric tracks in the park. It is surrounded by rose gardens. JDA has spent 170 lacs for the further development of this circle, planning to include a number of new features, such as musical fountains, walkways, parking spaces, landscaping, modern play equipment, and jogging tracks. The Fountain has been installed in a water-body in the center of the park. Every evening at 7 pm a show is held for 30 minutes, when the water sprays with the rhythm of the music and is illuminated by colored lights. Taking a hint from the Si-Fi world, they now show music videos on a wall of spray. The radius of the water body is 47 m (154 ft). There are 290 effects. The height of the fountain is 25 m (82 ft). The water screen size is 27 m (89 ft) wide by 9 m (30 ft) high. There are 316 colored lights. The video projector is 15,000 lumens. Rajasthan is a desert state, and to maintain such big gardens and fountains with drinking water would be foolhardy, so the government is using re-cycled water. Though safe for the garden, the fountain is definitely not safe for drinking or for bathing with. References External links Jawahar Circle - Map
Jaypee University of Information Technology

Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT) is a private university in Solan, Himachal Pradesh. Established in 2002, Jaypee University of Information Technology is one of the four universities established by the Jaypee Group. History Jaypee University of Information Technology was conceived by a joint vision of the Government of Himachal Pradesh and Jaiprakash Gaur, founder of Jaypee Group, in the year 2000. Government of Himachal Pradesh provided land on lease for the establishment of the university. It was set up by Act No. 14 of 2002 vide Extraordinary Gazette notification of Government of Himachal Pradesh dated 23 May 2002. JUIT was approved by the University Grants Commission under section 2(f) of the UGC Act, the university commenced academic activities from July 2002. Location The university is located 3 kilometers off National Highway 22 (22 km from Shimla) (from Waknaghat) which runs from Kalka to Shimla (India). The campus is spread over 25 acres (100,000 m2) on the green slopes of Waknaghat. The nearest railway station is Kaithleeghat, 4 kilometers from Waknaghat and the nearest airport is Shimla. Academics The university offers Bachelor of Technology programmes in various fields. It also offers Bachelor of Pharmacy and Master of Pharmacy as well as various doctoral programmes. In addition to the above-mentioned programs, a dual degree program is offered, wherein a student spends four years at JUIT attending aforementioned programs and one year of the MBA program at the Jaypee Business School, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology. Rankings Jaypee University of Information Technology was ranked in 201-300 band among engineering colleges by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2024. Departments The university includes the following departments: Department of Computer Science Engineering and IT Department of Electronics and Communication Technology Department of Civil Engineering Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Department of Physics and Material Sciences Department of Mathematics Department of Pharmacy The JUIT Department of Pharmacy was approved by the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) for BPharma from 2008. People Faculty and staff Head of Department A few distinguished members of the faculty have held the title of Head of Department in recognition of their dedication to their respective departments. Gallery See also Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology. Jaypee institute of information technology. References External links Official website
Jenjeranwali

Janjaranwali (Urdu: جنجراں والی), is a town in Tehsil & District Bahawalnagar in Punjab, Pakistan Located on the banks of the Hakra Canal, near Head Jalwala and close to the Pakistan–India border, Janjaranwali is a vibrant and forward-looking community. The town is known for its patriotic spirit, progressive outlook and strong emphasis on education, reflected in its commendable literacy rate. Janjaranwali takes pride in its students, many of whom have studied and continue to study at some of Pakistan’s leading universities and colleges. Its residents have made notable contributions across a range of public institutions, with individuals serving in key roles within the Pakistan Aviation Authority, the Pakistan Army, the Provincial Law Department, and the Public Health Engineering Department. Many others are successfully employed in prominent national and multinational companies, holding responsible and influential positions. The community also has a distinguished record of service in times of national need. The inhabitants of Janjaranwali have played a meaningful role in the country’s defence during periods of war and heightened tensions, including in 1965, 1971, 1999, 2016, 2019, and 2025, reflecting their enduring commitment and patriotism. Economically, Janjaranwali is a fertile agricultural area, producing wheat, rice, cotton, vegetables, sugarcane, and green fodder for livestock. The local economy is largely based on agriculture, dairy production, and meat, which together form the backbone of livelihoods in the area. Overall, Janjaranwali represents a dynamic blend of tradition, resilience, and ambition, contributing steadily to the nation’s growth and development. References
Jhilmil metro station

The Jhilmil Station is located on the Red Line of the Delhi Metro. Station layout Facilities ATMs from Punjab National Bank and State Bank of India are available at Jhilmil metro station. See also List of Delhi Metro stations Transport in Delhi Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Delhi Suburban Railway List of rapid transit systems in India References External links Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site) Delhi Metro Annual Reports "Station Information". Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC). Archived from the original on 19 June 2010. UrbanRail.Net – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.
Flughafen Kullu-Bhuntar

Der ca. 1090 m hoch gelegene Flughafen Kullu-Bhuntar (englisch Kullu Airport, auch Bhuntar Airport oder Kullu-Manali Airport, IATA-Code: KUU, ICAO-Code: VIBR) ist ein nationaler Flughafen beim am Zusammenfluss von Beas und Parbati gelegenen Ort Bhuntar ca. 12 km (Fahrtstrecke) südlich der Kleinstadt Kullu bzw. etwa 50 km südlich von Manali im Bundesstaat Himachal Pradesh im Norden Indiens. Geschichte Der Flughafen existiert schon seit den 1960er Jahren, doch erst in den 1980er Jahren wurde die Start- und Landebahn asphaltiert. Im Jahr 2008 erhielt der Airport ein neues Terminal. Flugverbindungen Derzeit betreibt nur eine indische Fluggesellschaft tägliche Flüge nach Chandigarh; die Hauptstadt Delhi wird nur einmal wöchentlich angeflogen. Sonstiges Betreiber des Flughafens ist die Airports Authority of India. Es gibt eine für Turboprop-Maschinen geeignete Start-/Landebahn mit ca. 1125 m Länge. Siehe auch Liste der Flughäfen in Indien Weblinks Kullu Bhuntar Airport – Fotos + Kurzinfos (englisch) Kullu Bhuntar Airport – Fotos + Kurzinfos (englisch) Einzelnachweise
Kullu–Manali Airport

Kullu–Manali Airport (IATA: KUU, ICAO: VIBR), also called Bhuntar Airport, is a domestic airport serving the cities of Kullu and Manali in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The airport is located at Bhuntar, 11 km from Kullu and 52 km from Manali. The airport is considered a challenging airport for pilots because of its single runway set in a deep valley whose peaks rise several thousand feet higher than the runway. Also, the airport is located on the banks of the river Beas, and in 1995, its flash floods posed a threat to the runway. The new air terminal at Bhuntar was inaugurated in 2008, and the airport apron enlarged to park two aircraft at a time. Kingfisher Airlines ceased operations in September 2012 while Air India Regional resumed its operations to Kullu in May 2013. Himalayan Bulls, in collaboration with Deccan Charters, commenced Kullu-Chandigarh-Kullu flights thrice a day from 2 April 2014. As of April 2024, Alliance Air is the sole airline operating to and from the airport. Upgrades In order to strengthen air connectivity in the state, the Himachal Pradesh Government plans to upgrade the airport. The Indian Institute of Technology, (IIT) Roorkee has prepared a detailed feasibility report for expanding the airport runway by 550 metres at a cost of Rs. 248 crore. The Airports Authority of India (AAI), which operates the airport, has planned an extension of another 60 metres. Airlines and destinations Statistics References External links IAF's ALG Air Marshal K. K. Nohwar, Pace of Infrastructure Development in Border Areas: Adequate? Archived 18 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Centre for Air Power Studies, 13 March 2018 Accident history for KUU at Aviation Safety Network Kullu Manali Airport at Airports Authority of India web site Himalayan Bulls Archived 14 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine
Aeropuerto de Bhuntar

El Aeropuerto de Bhuntar, también conocido como Aeropuerto de Kullu Manali o Aeropuerto de Kullu, (IATA: KUU, OACI: VIBR) es un aeropuerto ubicado en Bhuntar, en el estado de Himachal Pradesh. Este aeropuerto supone un duro reto para cualquier piloto. Una única pista, enclavada en un profundo valle cuyos picos se encuentran a miles de pies de altura con respecto al aeropuerto. La población de Bhuntar es un importante centro comercial y nexo de unión al valle de Kullu, un valle sagrado con una importante historia mitológica, incluyendo el Manu, (versión hindú de Noé) de quien se dice que tocó tierra no muy lejos de este punto. Él es el fundador de la civilización y este valle es comúnmente conocido como el "valle de los dioses", donde estarían las divinidades hindúes, quienes habrían establecido un concilio democrático en la región para gobernar a la sociedad. También, este valle alberga la casa de Manikaran, pueblo sagrado de medicación a Shiva, y su consorte Parvati. También el Gurú Nanak, fundador de la religión Sikh,inició su trabajo en este valle. Aerolíneas y destinos Estadísticas Ver fuente y consulta Wikidata. Referencias Enlaces externos Aeropuerto de Kullu Manali en la página web de la Dirección de Aeropuertos de India
Aeroportul Bhuntar

Aeroportul Bhuntar (IATA: KUU, ICAO: VIBR) este un aeroport din Bhuntar⁠(d), Kullu district⁠(d), Himachal Pradesh, India ce deservește zona Kullu⁠(d)[[Kullu (town in Himachal Pradesh, India)|​]]. Aeroportul a fost tranzitat în decembrie 2022 de 1.662 de pasageri. Situat la o altitudine de 1.089 m, aeroportul dispune de o singură pistă. Este operat de Airports Authority of India⁠(d). Infrastructură Piste Terminale Note Vezi și
Kullu Manali Airport

Kullu Manali Airport är en flygplats i Indien. Den ligger i distriktet Kulu och delstaten Himachal Pradesh, i den norra delen av landet, 400 km norr om huvudstaden New Delhi. Kullu Manali Airport ligger 1 082 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Kullu Manali Airport är huvudsakligen bergig, men den allra närmaste omgivningen är kuperad. Kullu Manali Airport ligger nere i en dal. Runt Kullu Manali Airport är det ganska tätbefolkat, med 75 invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Kulu, 10,1 km norr om Kullu Manali Airport. Trakten runt Kullu Manali Airport består i huvudsak av gräsmarker. Kommentarer Källor
Kalatop Khajjiar Sanctuary

Kalatop Khajjiar Sanctuary, or simply Kalatop Sanctuary, is a 30.69 km2 animal sanctuary at Kalatop and Khajjiar in the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The sanctuary area is well laid out for trekking trails both at Kalatop and Khajjiar. There is a dense deodar and fir forest covering 19.63 km2 of the sanctuary, which is about 6 km from Dalhousie. Pheasants, serow and black bear are some of the common animals found here. The sanctuary lies in the path of the Ravi River, and is surrounded by coniferous and oak forests. Latitudinal range- 32°02´ to 32°04´ N Longitudinal range- 76°01´ to 76°06´E Nearest rail gauge- Pathankot (86 km). Altitude- 1185 to 2768 m Temperature- 10 to 35 °C Mean annual rainfall- 672.3 mm. Flora and fauna The vegetation consists of blue pine and deodar forest, with oak. Undergrowth in the forest area is well developed. Some of the notable elements of the flora found within the sanctuary are Coniferous Trees, Oak Forests, Rhododendron, Grasslands and Meadows, Mosses and Ferns, and other shrubs and herbs. Some of the notable fauna species found within the sanctuary are: Mammals - Himalayan Black Bear, Ghoral, Barking Deer, Leopard, Himalayan Gray Langur, Himalayan Black Marten, Serow, Rhesus Monkey, Flying Squirrel, Himalayan Weasel, and Himalayan Fox. Birds - Western Tragopan, Himalayan Monal, Kaleej Pheasant, Eurasian Jay, White-winged Blackbird, Black Headed Jay, Chestnut Billed Rock Thrush, and Grey Headed Canary-Flycatcher. Reptiles - Himalayan Pit Viper and Common Krait. See also List of protected areas of India Protected areas of Himachal Pradesh Wildlife sanctuaries of India References External links himachaltourism.nic.in hptdc.gov.in Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary Archived 3 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine