NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Mohali International Hockey Stadium

International Hockey Stadium or OBSS International Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium in Mohali, Punjab, India. This stadium serves as the home ground for the hockey club, Punjab Warriors, of Hockey India League. On May 25, 2021, the stadium was renamed the Olympian Balbir Singh Senior International Hockey Stadium in honor of Balbir Singh Sr. Construction and opening The construction of the stadium began in 2011 over 11.8 acres and cost ₹42 crore (US$6.75 million). The stadium has an advanced pink-blue astroturf and has a seating capacity of about 13,500. The stadium was constructed as a part of state government's plan to uplift the sports infra structure in the state which includes development and construction of six hockey stadiums along with 10 multi-purpose stadiums. The stadium is located opposite the international cricket stadium, Punjab Cricket Association Stadium. The stadium was inaugurated by Chief Minister of Punjab Parkash Singh Badal on 27 September 2013. An exhibition match was played between Punjab XI and Rest of India on this occasion which was won by former by 3–2. Hockey Olympians Balbir Singh, Sr., Col. Balbir Singh, Rajinder Singh, Harmeek Singh and Sukhbir Singh Grewal, Rajya Sabha M.P. Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa, chief parliamentary secretary N.K. Sharma and former union minister Balwant Singh Ramoowalia were also present on the occasion. Turf The turf, FIH global certified hockey turf (unfilled), HT LSR 13 nd, is manufactured by Greenfield Sports Turf Systems and project was executed by Syncotts International. References
Посольство России в Индии

Посольство Российской Федерации в Республике Индии — полномочное дипломатическое представительство Российской Федерации в стране, расположенное в Нью-Дели, в районе Чанакьяпури. Официальные дипломатические отношения Индии с СССР были установлены в апреле 1947 года, незадолго до объявления ею своей независимости от Великобритании. Как сообщила газета «Известия» 15 апреля 1947 года, "в результате обмена письмами между Послом Индии в Китае г‒ном К. П. Ш. Меноном и послом СССР в Китае А. А. Петровым было установлено, что Правительство СССР и Правительство Индии опубликуют одновременно в Москве и в Дели следующее официальное заявление: «Стремясь к сохранению и дальнейшему укреплению дружественных отношений, существующих между СССР и Индией, Правительство СССР и Правительство Индии решили обменяться дипломатическими представительствами в ранге Посольств». Примечания См. также Список послов СССР и России в Индии Российско-индийские отношения Ссылки Официальный сайт посольства России в Индии
Dara Shikoh Garden

Dara Shikoh Garden is a Mughal garden situated in Bijbehara . The garden was constructed under the patronage of Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Shah Jahan. The garden comprises centuries-old Chinar trees planted by the Mughal emperors, brought from Iran, which is why its host town Bijbehara is also known as Town of Chinars. History Dara Shikoh, a Mughal Emperor and the eldest son of the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, built the garden in the early 17th century. It was opened in 1640 A.D. References
Diwan-i-Am (Red Fort)

The Diwan-i-Am, or Hall of Audience, is a building in the Red Fort of Old Delhi where the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1592–1666) and his successors received members of the general public and heard their grievances. The inner main court to which the Nakkarkhana led was 540 feet broad, 420 feet deep, and surrounded by arcade galleries, where chieftains (umaras) on duty were posted. On the further side of it is the Diwan-i-Am. The Diwan-i-Am consists of a front hall, open on three sides and backed by a set of rooms faced in red sandstone. The hall is 100 ft × 60 ft and divided into 27 square bays on a system of columns which support the arches. The roof is spanned by sandstone beams. The proportions of this hall, of its columns, and of the engraved arches show high aesthetics and fine craftsmanship. With an impressive façade of nine engraved arch openings, the hall was ornamented with gilded and white shell lime chunam plaster work. Its ceiling and columns were painted with gold. In the centre of the eastern wall stands a marble canopy (jharokha) covered by a "Bengal" roof. A marble dais below the throne, inlaid with semi-precious stones, was used by the prime minister (wazir) to receive petitions. The emperor was separated from the courtiers by a gold-plated railing, while a silver railing ran around the remaining three sides of the hall. The audience ceremony is known as Jharokha Darshan. Behind the canopy, the wall is decorated with panels inlaid with multi-coloured pietra dura stones. They represent flowers and birds and are reputedly carved by Austin de Bordeaux, a Florentine jeweler. The hall was restored by Lord Curzon, while the inlay work of the throne recess and the plaques of the arch to the west side of the throne were restored by the Florentine artist Mennegatti. Bernier gives a full account of the splendid appearance of the hall during the rule of Aurangzeb, as well as the 17th-century merchant Jean-Baptiste Tavernier. Gallery See also Diwan-i-Khas Peacock Throne References External links Media related to Diwan-i-Am (Red Fort) at Wikimedia Commons
Diwan-i-Am (Rode Fort)

De Diwan-i-Am, of audiëntiezaal, is een zaal in het Rode Fort van Delhi waar de Mughal-keizer Sjah Jahan (1592-1665) en zijn opvolgers het grote publiek ontvingen en hun klachten aanhoorden. Het binnenhof van het Rode Fort is omgeven door arcadegalerijen en bevat meerdere gebouwen. Recht tegenover de toegangspoort is de Diwan-i-Am. De Diwan-i-Am heeft een voorportaal en is aan drie zijden open. Aan de vierde zijde bevindt zich een aantal kamers gemaakt van rode zandsteen. De hal zelf bestaat uit 27 vierkante traveeën. Het dak wordt overspannen door zandstenen balken. In het midden van de oostelijke muur staat een marmeren baldakijn (jharokha) bedekt met een "Bengaals" dak. Een marmeren podium onder de troon, ingelegd met halfedelstenen, werd door de minister-president (wazir) gebruikt om petities in ontvangst te nemen. De keizer werd van de hovelingen gescheiden door een vergulde reling. Rond de overige drie zijden van de zaal was een zilveren reling. De publieksceremonie stond bekend als de Jharokha Darshan. Achter het baldakijn is de muur versierd met panelen ingelegd met veelkleurige pietra durastenen. Het verbeeldt bloemen en vogels die naar verluidt zijn gebeeldhouwd door Austin de Bordeaux, een Florentijnse juwelier. De hal werd in de Britse tijd gerestaureerd door Lord Curzon. Het inlegwerk van de troonuitsparing en de plaquettes van de boog aan de westkant van de troon werden hersteld door de Florentijnse kunstenaar Menegatti. Francois Bernier, een Franse medicus die 8 jaar aan het hof van het Mogolrijk verbleef, geeft in zijn 'Voyage dans les États du Grand Mogol' uit 1671 een volledige beschrijving van de hal tijdens het bewind van keizer Aurangzeb, evenals de 17e-eeuwse koopman Jean-Baptiste Tavernier. Galerij Zie ook Pauwentroon
Diwan-i-Khas (Red Fort)

The Diwan-i-Khas (Persian: ديوان خاص), or Hall of Private Audiences, was a chamber in the Red Fort of Old Delhi built in 1648 as a location for receptions. It was the location where the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan received courtiers and state guests. It was also known as the Shah Mahal. A gate on the north side of the preceding Diwan-i-Am audience hall led to the innermost court of the palace called Jalau Khana and the Diwan-i-Khas. Originally there were two enclosures on the west of the hall, one for the nobles and the other for those of a lower rank. These arcaded courts were destroyed after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The interior was completely plundered following the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The throne, the carpets, and any other items went missing. The hall today is, therefore, only a shell of what it used to be. Recent restoration work has been redone on the panels of inlay and has also reproduced the gilded pattern on one of the pillars fronting the hall. It measures 90 × 67 feet. It consists of a rectangular central chamber, surrounded by a series of arches rising from marble piers. The lower parts of the piers are inlaid with floral designs, while the upper portions are painted and gilded. The four corners of the roof are surmounted by pillared chhatri. The ceiling, which was originally inlaid with silver and gold, was stripped bare by successive financial crises of the empire, at the hands of the Jats or Marathas. The current ceiling was installed in 1911. The later Peacock Throne from after Nader Shah's invasion once stood in this hall, towards the east side. Through the centre of the hall flowed the Stream of Paradise (Nahr-i-Bihisht). The building used to have red awnings, or shamianas. Over the corner-arches of the northern and southern walls below the cornice is inscribed the verse of Amir Khusrow: "If there be a paradise on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this." The French traveller François Bernier described seeing the Peacock Throne there. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier described seeing the throne in the Diwan-i-Am, to where it was probably moved, and described five smaller thrones with four on each corner and one in the middle of the hall. In the riverbed below the hall and the connected buildings was the space known as zer-jharokha, or "beneath the lattices". Gallery See also Diwan-i-Am Diwan-i-Khas, Lahore References External links Media related to Diwan-i-Khas (Red Fort) at Wikimedia Commons
Diwan-i-Khas (Rode Fort)

De Diwan-i-Khas ( Perzisch : ديوان خاص), of privé-audiëntiezaal, was een zaal in het Rode Fort van Delhi, gebouwd in 1648 als locatie voor recepties. Het was de plek waar de Mogol-keizer Shah Jahan hovelingen en staatsgasten ontving. De zaal stond ook bekend als de Sjah Mahal. Een poort aan de noordkant van de Diwan-i-Am leidde naar de centrale binnenplaats van het paleis, genaamd Jalau Khana, en de Diwan-i-Khas. Oorspronkelijk waren er twee omheiningen aan de westkant van de hal, een voor de edelen en een voor die van een lagere rang. Deze werden verwoest tijdens de Indiase opstand van 1857. De omtrek van de zaal is ongeveer 20 bij 30 meter. Hij bestaat uit een rechthoekige centrale hal omgeven door een reeks bogen die oprijzen uit marmeren pijlers. De onderste delen van de pijlers zijn ingelegd met bloemmotieven, terwijl de bovenste delen zijn geverfd en verguld. Het oorspronkelijke plafond, dat was ingelegd met goud en zilver, is in de loop der tijd verwijderd. Het huidige plafond werd aangebracht in 1911. De pauwentroon van na de invasie van Nader Sjah, die de oorspronkelijke had meegenomen naar Perzië, stond vroeger in deze hal, aan de oostzijde. Door het midden van de zaal stroomde een waterpartij die een van de vier Rivieren van het Paradijs voorstelde. Vroeger had het gebouw rode luifels, shamiana's geheten. Boven de hoekbogen van de noordelijke en zuidelijke muren, onder de kroonlijst, staat het vers van Amir Khusrow gegraveerd: 'Als er een paradijs op aarde is, is het dit, is het dit, is het dit.' De Franse reiziger François Bernier beschreef hoe hij hier de pauwentroon zag. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier schreef dat hij de troon had gezien in de Diwan-i-Am, waar hij waarschijnlijk naartoe was verplaatst, en beschreef vijf kleinere tronen, vier op elke hoek en één in het midden van de hal. De Nederlandse koopman Dirck van Adrichem, die in 1662 namens de VOC een hofreis naar Delhi maakte om de nieuwe keizer Aurangzeb te begroeten, werd in de Diwan-i-khas ontvangen. Zoals het reisverslag het meldt: 'Chia Oranghseeb van deesen ochtent in de gosselchanna off geheymen raatscamer geseten'. De zaal werd ook wel ghusl khana genoemd, oftewel de badkamer voor rituele reiniging. 'De costbre en in iders oogh flickerende monarchale zetels als oocq den tempel, daar den coningh dagelijcx in gaat bidden, zijnde met drie verwulfsels rontsom van goude platen bedeckt, wijst mede de praght des Mogolse rijcx genoughsaam aan.' Bij de Indiase opstand van 1857 werd het interieur volledig geplunderd. De troon, de tapijten en alle andere voorwerpen zijn toen verdwenen. De huidige hal is daarom slechts een schim van wat hij vroeger was. Recent zijn restauratiewerkzaamheden uitgevoerd aan de panelen met inlegwerk en is ook het vergulde patroon op een van de pilaren aan de voorkant van de hal gereconstrueerd. In de rivierbedding onder de hal en de bijbehorende gebouwen bevond zich de ruimte die bekendstaat als zer-jharokha, oftewel 'onder de roosters'. Galerij Zie ook Diwan-i-Am Referenties
Hammam (Red Fort)

The Hammam-e-Lal Qila (Urdu: حمامِ لال قلعہ‬, Hindi: हम्माम-ए-लाल क़िला) is the Turkish bath located in the Red Fort in Old Delhi and served as the bathing area of the Mughal Indian emperor. It is located in the north of the Diwan-i-Khas. The marble hammam is a bath that forms a part of the palace building. It consists of three apartments separated by corridors and crowned with domes. The apartments are illuminated by a colored glass skylight. The two rooms to either side of the present entrance are believed to have been used by the royal children for bathing. The eastern apartment, containing three fountain basins, was used primarily as a dressing room. In the center of each room stood a fountain, and one of the rooms contained a marble reservoir built into the wall. As legend goes, perfumed rose-water once ran from the taps. The western apartment was used for hot or vapor baths, and the heating arrangement was being fixed in its western wall. The whole interior was richly decorated with colorful inlaid pietra dura floral designs made of white marble. The floors and dados of these apartments are finished with white marble as well. Architecture The Hammam‑e‑Lal Qila, or imperial bath, in the Red Fort comprises three domed marble chambers linked by corridors and roofed with coloured glass skylights that provide both illumination and ventilation. The eastern chamber is fitted with three fountain basins, served as a dressing room, the two adjoining rooms housed central fountains and a marble reservoir. Legend says that they once dispensed perfumed rose‑water. The western chamber was reserved for hot and steam baths, its heating apparatus built into the wall. Hidden under dense vegetation until 2019, the rectangular hammam measures roughly 21.5 × 6.3 m, lies about 4.46 m below ground, and is reached by two Lakhori brick and sandstone staircases, one of which features fifteen arches once lit by oil lamps. See also Shahi Hammam, Lahore List of tourist attractions in Delhi Hammam-e-Qadimi References External links Media related to Hammam (Red Fort) at Wikimedia Commons
Khas Mahal (Red Fort)

The Khas Mahal served as the Mughal emperor's private residence in Old Delhi. The structure is located inside the Red Fort, which is a large defensive and governmental complex located inside the city. It consists of three parts: the Chamber of Telling Beads (Viz-tasbih-khana), the sleeping chamber, (khwabgah) and the wardrobe (tosha-khana) or sitting room (baithak). The interior is decorated with carved white marble painted with colourful floral decorations. The ceiling was also partially gilded. The marble screen was carved with the scale of justice (Mizan-i-adal), and above it is a particularly important item of Mughal art. The scale used was a depiction of the emperor's justice. The projecting tower to the east of the Khas Mahal is called the Octagonal Tower (Muthamman Burj). The emperor would address his subjects every morning in a ceremony called Jharokha Darshan. History The Khas Mahal, or "Private Palace," was constructed between 1639 and 1648 during the reign of Shah Jahan as part of his transformation of Delhi into the Mughal capital Shahjahanabad. Located within the Red Fort, the Khas Mahal formed the heart of the emperor’s private quarters, flanked by the Shah Burj, the Hammam (royal baths), and the Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience). Following the 1857 uprising, British forces took control of the Red Fort and altered much of the palace's original fabric. Architecture Functionally, the Khas Mahal served as the emperor's personal residence, yet its design embodied imperial ideology. The eastern-facing Muthamman Burj, a projecting octagonal balcony, allowed the emperor to perform Jharokha Darshan. It is a daily ritual of appearing before his subjects affirming his divine connection and just rule. A marble screen within the central chamber, known as the Mizan-i-Adl ("Scale of Justice"), reinforced this symbolism, positioning the emperor as both ruler and moral arbiter. The palace’s integration with flowing water, river-facing views, and connected private spaces reflected the Persian notion of "stream of paradise", while its compact spatial plan adhered to the Mughal ideal of inward, layered royal privacy. The place with Marble screen where the water channel flowed was called "Large sitting place". It was also the architectural precursor to elements later seen in structures like the Khas Mahal of Agra Fort and mirrored the refinement of Shah Jahan's courtly tastes. After the fall of the Mughal Empire, the Khas Mahal underwent a period of neglect. Gallery References External links Media related to Khas Mahal (Red Fort) at Wikimedia Commons
Firozpur Cantonment railway station

Firozpur Cantonment Railway Station (station code: FZR) is located in Firozepur district in the Indian state of Punjab and serves Firozepur, on the banks of the Sutlej River. The railway station Firozpur Cantonment railway station is at an elevation of 200 metres (660 ft) and was assigned the code – FZR. History The Southern Punjab Railway Co. opened the Delhi–Bhatinda–Samasatta line in 1897. The line passed through Muktasar and Fazilka tehsils and provided direct connection through Samma Satta (now in Pakistan) to Karachi. The extension from the Macleodganj (later renamed Mandi Sadiqganj and now in Pakistan) railway line to Ludhiana was opened by the same company in 1905. The Firozpur Cantonment-Jalandhar City branch line was opened in 1912. Railway division Firozpur railway division covers a large area with railway lines under its jurisdiction – covering parts of Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Trains Following express trains originate/terminate at Firozpur Cantt. References External links Trains at Firozpur Cantonment
Gagrun-erőd

A Gagrun erőd (angolul: Gagron Fort) India északi részén található, Rádzsasztán államban. Dzshálávártól (Jhalawar) kb. 6 km-re északra, Kota városától közúton kb. 85–90 km-re DK-re, hegyek, erdők és mezők festői tájában helyezkedik el. Három oldalról a Kálí Szindh és az Áú folyó övezi. A rádzsasztáni hegyi erődök csoportjához tartozva a kulturális világörökség része. Források Útitárs: India, 2008.
Forte Gagron

Il Forte Gagron (hindī/rajasthani: गागरोन का किला) si trova nel distretto di Jhalawar del Rajasthan, nella regione Hadoti dell'India. Si tratta di un esempio di forte di collina e d'acqua. Conservazione Sei forti del Rajasthan, Forte Amber, Forte Chittor, Forte Gagron, Forte di Jaisalmer, Forte Kumbhalgarh e Forte Ranthambore, sono stati inseriti tra i patrimoni dell'umanità dell'UNESCO nel corso della 37ª sessione del World Heritage Committee tenuta a Phnom Penh nel giugno 2013. Essi sono stati riconosciuti patrimonio culturale e un esempio dell'architettura militare Rajput. Note Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Forte Gagron
Fort Gagron

Fort Gagron (Hindi/Rajasthani: गागरोन का किला) is een fort gelegen in Jhalawar, de voormalige hoofdstad van een gelijknamige prinselijke staat en nu nog hoofdstad van het district Jhalawar in de Indiase deelstaat Rajasthan. Het fort ligt vlak ten noorden van Jhalawar en vijftig km ten zuidzuidoosten van de grotere stad Kota. Fort Gagron ligt aan de oever van de Kali Sindh, een zijrivier van de Chambal in het stroomgebied van de Ganges. Het fort ligt aan een knik in de rivierbedding, en strategisch gelegen in een heuvelpas. Op deze wijze was het fort ideaal gelegen voor de passerende handelsroutes te controleren. Het fort werd in 2013 tijdens de 37e sessie van de Commissie voor het Werelderfgoed als een van de zes Heuvelforten van Rajasthan erkend als UNESCO-werelderfgoed en onder die naam ingeschreven op de werelderfgoedlijst.
Trdnjava Gagron

Trdnjava Gagron (hindijščina/radžastani: गागरोन का किला) je trdnjava na hribu in vodi v okrožju Džhalavar v Radžastanu v regiji Hadoti v Indiji. Je primer trdnjave na hribu in vodi. Trdnjavo je zgradil Bidžaldev Singh Dod (radžputski kralj) v 12 stoletju. Kasneje sta trdnjavo nadzorovala tudi Šer Šah in Akbar. Trdnjava je zgrajena na sotočju reke Ahu in reke Kali Sindh. Trdnjava je na treh straneh obdana z vodo, na četrti pa z jarkom, zato si je prislužila ime Džaladurg (hindujščina/radžastani: जलदुर्ग, prevod 'Vodna trdnjava'). Leta 2013 je bila vpisana za Unescov seznam svetovne dediščine kot del Hill Forts of Rajasthan. Zgodovina Trdnjavo Gagron je v 12. stoletju zgradil kralj Bidžaldev, trdnjavi pa je 300 let vladalo kraljestvo Khinči. Natančen datum, ko je bila trdnjava zgrajena, ostaja skrivnost, vendar zgodovinarji ocenjujejo, da je bila trdnjava zgrajena med 7. do 14. stoletjem. Zadnji vladar te trdnjave naj bi bil kralj Ačal Das Khinči. Med srednjeveško oblastjo so muslimanski vladarji Malve napadli trdnjavo Gagron. Sultan Hošang Šah je leta 1423 napadel trdnjavo z vojsko, ki je vključevala 30 tisoč konjenikov in 84 jezdecev na slonih. Ko je Ačal Das Khinči ugotovil, da je njegov poraz neizogiben zaradi sultanove superiornosti in višjega orožja, se ni predal in se boril, dokler ni izgubil življenja, kar je v skladu z radžputsko tradicijo. Poleg tega so mnoge ženske izvajale džauhar (žive so se zažgale), da bi se izognile sultanovim silam, ki bi jih ujele. Trdnjava naj bi videla 14 bitk in 2 džauharja kraljic. Trdnjavo sta osvojila tudi Šer Šah in Akbar. Akbar naj bi to trdnjavo naredil tudi za sedež in jo kasneje dal Prathviraju iz Bikanerja kot del svojega posestva. Strukture Trdnjava Gagron je s treh strani obdana z vodo, s četrte strani pa ima jarek, napolnjen z vodo. Zgrajena je na sotočju reke Ahu in reke Kali Sindh. Ponaša se tudi s tremi obzidji, v nasprotju s tradicionalnimi trdnjavami, ki imajo le dva. Stolpi so pomešani s hribi Mukundara v pogorju Vindhya. Gora, na kateri stoji trdnjava, je sama temelj trdnjave. Ima tudi dva glavna vhoda. Ena vrata vodijo proti reki, druga pa proti hriboviti cesti. Sledi nekaj pomembnih struktur v trdnjavi: Ganeš Pol Nakkarkhana Bhairavi Pol Kišan Pole Selekhana Divan-i-Aam Divan-e-Khas Džanana Mahal Madhusudan Mandir Rang Mahal Mavzolej sufijskega svetega Mitheja Šaha tik pred trdnjavo je prizorišče letnega barvitega sejma, ki poteka v mesecu muharamu. Čez sotočje je tudi samostan svetega Pipaja. Ohranjanje Šest hribovskih trdnjav v Radžastanu, in sicer trdnjava Amber, trdnjava Čitor, trdnjava Gagron, trdnjava Džaisalmer, trdnjava Kumbhalgarh in trdnjava Ranthambore, je bilo med 37. srečanjem Odbora za svetovno dediščino v Phnom Penhu junija 2013 vpisanih na Unescov seznam svetovne dediščine. So bile priznane kot serijska kulturna lastnina in primeri Radžputske vojaške hribovske arhitekture. Sklici Zunanje povezave