NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Národní galerie moderního umění (Nové Dillí)

Národní galerie moderního umění (National Gallery of Modern Art, NGMA) je přední umělecká galerie spadající pod ministerstvo kultury Indie. Hlavní muzeum v Jaipur House v Novém Dillí bylo zřízeno 29. března 1954 indickou vládou, později vznikly pobočky v Bombaji a Bangalore. Rozsáhlá sbírka zahrnuje umělce jako Thomas Daniell, Rádža Ravi Varma, Abanindranáth Thákur, Rabindranáth Thákur, Džadžanendranáth Thákur, Nandalal Bose, Jamini Roy, Amrita Šer-Gilová a také zahraniční tvůrce. Nejstarších zdejší díla pocházejí z roku 1857. S výstavní plochou 12 000 metrů čtverečních je pobočka v Dillí jedním z největších muzeí moderního umění na světě. Fotografie NGMA má velkou sbírku fotografií Laly Deen Dayala, jednoho z průkopníků fotografie v Indii. NGMA začala sbírat fotografie jako uměleckou formu na konci 70. let. Sbírka je malá, ale přesto významná. Fotografie Deen Dayala z královského života počátku 20. století v Hyderabadu jsou národní vzácností. Ve sbírce galere jsou také fotografie současné Indie od Raghu Raie a moderních autorů Nemaie Ghoshe nebo fotografky Dayanity Singh. Galerie Reference V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku National Gallery of Modern Art na anglické Wikipedii. Externí odkazy Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Národní galerie moderního umění na Wikimedia Commons
National Gallery of Modern Art

Die National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA) (deutsch Nationalgalerie der modernen Kunst) ist ein Kunstmuseum in Indien. Das Museum in Delhi wurde am 29. März 1954 von der indischen Regierung gegründet. 1996 folgte ein Nebenstandort in Mumbai und 2006 ein weiterer in Bangalore. Sammlung Das Museum zeigt Skulpturen und Bilder vor allem indischer Kunstschaffender. Das Spektrum reicht von der traditionellen Miniaturenmalerei (ab dem 16. Jahrhundert) bis zu zeitgenössischer indischer Kunst. Über 14.000 Werke von indischen Künstlern wie Thomas Daniell, Prafulla Dahanukar, Raja Ravi Varma, Abanindranath Tagore, Rabindranath Tagore, Gaganendranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose, Jamini Roy, Amrita Sher-Gil, Dayanita Singh sowie internationaler Künstler werden im Museum ausgestellt. Delhi Das Museum liegt am Boulevard Rajpath in Neu-Delhi in dem ehemals als Jaipur House bekannten Gebäude, welches einst Sitz des Maharajas von Jaipur war. Das Museum wurde 1954 eröffnet und 2009 um einen weiteren Flügel erweitert. Der erste Direktor der Galerie war der deutsche Kunsthistoriker Hermann Goetz (1898–1976). Mumbai Die Zweigstelle Mumbai liegt im Stadtteil Colaba. Die Ausstellung wurde 1996 eröffnet und enthält neben Werken von Pablo Picasso eine Abteilung für ägyptische Kunst. Bangalore Die Zweigstelle Bangalore befindet sich im Gebäude Manikyavelu an der Palace Road. Eröffnet im Februar 2009, umfasst die Ausstellung rund 500 Werke aus verschiedenen Bereichen, darunter eine große Sammlung zeitgenössischer indischer Künstler sowie Fotografien, die die Entwicklung der modernen Kunst in Indien dokumentieren. Literatur Ella Datta, Treasures of National Gallery of Modern Art, Mapin, 2009. ISBN 978-81-88204-30-4. Weblinks Offizielle Website Einzelnachweise
Galería Nacional de Arte Moderno de la India

La Galería Nacional de Arte Moderno (NGMA) es la principal galería de arte dependiente del Ministerio de Cultura del Gobierno de la India.​ El museo principal, situado en Jaipur House, Nueva Delhi, fue establecido el 29 de marzo de 1954 por el Gobierno de la India, con sucursales en Mumbai y Bangalore apareciendo posteriormente. Su colección de 17.000 obras de más de 2.000 artistas incluye personalidades nacionales como Thomas Daniell, Raja Ravi Verma, Abanindranath Tagore, Rabindranath Tagore, Gaganendranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose, Jamini Roy, Amrita Sher-Gil, así como figuras extranjeras. Algunas de sus piezas más antiguas datan de 1857. ​ Con 12.000 metros cuadrados de espacio de exposición,​ la sucursal de Delhi es uno de los museos de arte moderno más grandes del mundo. Sede de Delhi La sede principal del museo se encuentra en el bulevar Rajpath de Nueva Delhi, en el edificio conocido antiguamente como Jaipur House, que fue sede del Maharajá de Jaipur. El museo se inauguró en 1954 y en 2009 se le añadió otra ala.​ Su primer curador fue el historiador de arte alemán Hermann Goetz (1898-1976).​ Expone esculturas y pinturas, principalmente de artistas indios. El espectro abarca desde la pintura tradicional en miniatura (a partir del siglo XVI) hasta el arte indio contemporáneo. Cuenta con más de 14.000 obras de figuras nacionales como Thomas Daniell, Prafulla Dahanukar, Raja Ravi Varma, Abanindranath Tagore, Rabindranath Tagore, Gaganendranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose, Jamini Roy, Amrita Sher-Gil, Dayanita Singh, además de piezas de artistas internacionales. Sede de Bombay La sucursal de Bombay se encuentra en el barrio de Colaba. La exposición se inauguró en 1996 y, además de obras de Pablo Picasso,​ incluye una sección dedicada al arte egipcio.​ Sede de Bangalore La sucursal de Bangalore está ubicada en el edificio Manikyavelu en Palace Road.​ Abierto en febrero de 2009, la exposición cuenta con unas 500 obras de diversos campos, incluida una gran colección de artistas contemporáneos indios y fotografías que detallan el desatollo del arte moderno en la India.​ Referencias Enlaces externos
National Gallery of Modern Art

La National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA) est l'institution muséale nationale pour les arts modernes et contemporains en Inde, établie en 1954. La collection de 14 000 œuvres est répartie sur trois sites, le musée principal se trouvant à New Delhi et les deux antennes à Bombay et Bangalore. Elle comprend des œuvres d'Amrita Sher-Gil telles que Groupe de trois jeunes femmes, de 1935. Notes et références Liens externes (en) Site officiel Ressource relative aux beaux-arts : Google Arts & Culture Portail des musées Portail de l’art contemporain Portail de l’Inde
National Gallery of Modern Art

National Gallery of Modern Art är ett indiskt statligt federalt konstmuseum med huvudmuseum i New Delhi sedan 1954 och med filialer i Mumbai och Bangalore. National Gallery of Modern Art har samlingar med omkring 14 000 verk, av indiska konstnärer som Thomas Daniell (1749-1840), Rabindranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose (1882-1966) och Amrita Sher-Gil (1913-41). New Delhi Musets byggnad i New Delhi ligger vid ena ändan av Rajpath vid India Gate och var tidigare Maharajans av Jaipur bostadspalats i New Delhi. Huset, som har namnet "Jaipur House", ritades av Arthur Conran Bloomfield (1863-1935) och blev klart 1936. Museet invigdes 1954. Den tyske konsthistorikern Hermann Goetz (1898–1976) blev dess förste intendent. Museet byggde också upp verksamheter för konservering, ett referensbibliotek och dokumentationscentrum. År 2009 invigdes en tillbyggnad, vilken tillförde museet omkring sex gånger så stort utställningsutrymme samt auditorium med mera. Mumbai National Gallery of Modern Art Mumbai öppnades 1996. Det visar olika utställningar och ligger nära Regal Cineman i Colaba. Bangalore Manikyavelu Mansion på Palace Road renoverades i Bangalore 2006 för att bli National Gallery of Modern Arts tredje lokal. Exempel på konstverk Referenser Noter Tryckta källor Ella Datta: Treasures of National Gallery of Modern Art, Mapin, Ahmenabad, ISBN 978-81-88204-30-4 Externa länkar Webbplats för National Gallery of Modern Arts
Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant

The Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant is a 1,091 megawatts (1,463,000 hp) run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station on the Sutlej River in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh state of India. Etymology The dam and power station are located between the villages of Karcham and Wangtoo where the plant also gains its name. History In 1993, and after years of delays, the Jaypee Karcham Hydro Corporation Limited of Jaypee Group signed a memorandum of understanding to develop the dam. On 18 November 2005, the construction on the power station began. In 2015, Jaypee Group sold out Karcham Wangtoo Project to JSW Group. In May 2011, the first generator was commissioned, the second in June and the final two in September. Technical details The 98 m (322 ft) tall dam at Karcham (31°30′00.26″N 78°10′39.54″E) diverts a substantial portion of the Sutlej into a 10.48 m (34.4 ft) diameter and 17.2 km (10.7 mi) long headrace tunnel to the underground power station downstream at Wangtoo. At the station, the water powers four 250 MW Francis turbine-generators before it is sent back into the Sutlej via a 1.2 km (0.75 mi) long tailrace tunnel. The difference in elevation between the dam and the power station affords a gross hydraulic head of 298 m (978 ft). Water not diverted by the dam is sent over the spillway and down the normal course of the river. The main spillway is along the crest of the dam and is controlled by six radial gates. Just upstream of the dam is the 300 MW Baspa II Hydroelectric Plant and downstream of the Karcham Wangtoo is the 1,500 MW Nathpa Jhakri Dam. Transport Karcham-Harshil Road, from Karcham NH-5 to Harshil, with a road tunnel under the Lamkhaga Pass, is under construction which will cut down present 450 km long distance, which take nearly 16 hours, to just nearly 150 km or 2 to 3 hours. In 2024, BRO began constructing 40-km long Kharcham-Sangla-Rakchham-Chitkul section of Karcham-Harshil Road. See also Nathpa Jhakri Dam – situated downstream Indus Water Treaty - includes Sutlej river References External links
Barrage de Karcham Wangtoo

Le barrage de Karcham Wangtoo est un barrage dans le Himachal Pradesh en Inde sur le Sutlej. Il est associé à une centrale hydroélectrique de 1 000 MW. Sa construction a démarré en 2005 et s'est terminé en 2011. Sa puissance est augmentée à 1 045 MW dans un premier temps puis à 1091 MW en 2021. Voir aussi le Sutlej l'Indus Notes et références Portail des énergies renouvelables Portail du bâtiment et des travaux publics Portail de l’Inde Portail des lacs et cours d'eau Portail des barrages
ГЕС Карчам-Вангту

ГЕС Карчам-Вангту – гідроелектростанція на півночі Індії у штаті Гімачал-Прадеш. Знаходячись між ГЕС Шонтонг-Карчам (вище по течії) та ГЕС Nathpa jhakri, входить до складу каскаду на Сатледжі, найбільшій лівій притоці Інду. В межах проекту річку перекрили бетонною гравітаційною греблею висотою 88 метрів (від підошви фундаменту, висота від тальвегу лише 35 метрів) та довжиною 182 метра, на час будівництва якої воду відвели за допомогою тунелю довжиною 0,54 км з діаметром 10,2 метра. Гребля утримує водосховище з площею поверхні 0,6 км2 та корисним об’ємом 5,5 млн м3, в якому припустиме коливанням рівня між позначками 1799 та 1810 метрів НРМ (під час повені до 1812,4 метра НРМ). Зі сховища ресурс надходить до чотирьох підземних камер для видалення осаду розмірами по 424х18х30 метрів. Далі підготована вода спрямовується до прокладеного під правобережним гірським масивом дериваційного тунелю довжиною 16,9 км з діаметром 10,5 метра. По завершенні він переходить у чотири напірні водоводи довжиною від 0,33 до 0,35 км кожен з діаметрами по 5 метрів. В системі також працює вирівнювальний резервуар висотою 147 метрів, перші 19 метрів якого мають діаметр 16 метрів, наступні 120 метрів виконані в діаметрі 27 метрів, а завершальна верхня частина становить собою відкритий басейн висотою 8 метрів. Облаштований у підземному виконанні машинний зал має розміри 121х22 метра при висоті 53 метра, крім того, спорудили окреме підземне приміщення для трансформаторного обладнання розмірами 162х16 метрів при висоті 22 метра. Основне обладнання станції становлять чотири турбіни типу Френсіс потужністю по 255 МВт, які використовують напір у 269 метрів та забезпечують виробництво 4131 млн кВт-год електроенергії на рік. Відпрацьована вода потрапляє до нижньої вирівнювальної камери розмірами 220х13х14 метрів, з якої транспортується назад до річки по відвідному тунелю довжиною 1,3 км з діаметром 10,5 метра та каналу довжиною 0,12 км. Примітки
Jamwa Ramgarh Wildlife Sanctuary

Jamwa Ramgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area situated about 35 km northeast of Jaipur in the Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India. Established in 1982, the sanctuary covers approximately 300 km² in the Aravalli Range and encompasses the now-dry Ramgarh Lake basin and surrounding forests. Geography The sanctuary’s terrain is a mosaic of dry deciduous forests, rocky hills and grasslands. It surrounds Ramgarh Lake—once a 15.5 km² reservoir supplying Jaipur, now largely dried up since 2000. The Banganga River, rising in the Bairath hills, cuts across the sanctuary, sustaining patches of riparian vegetation. History Originally a hunting preserve of the Jaipur Maharajas, the area was notified as the reserve forest in 1961, before its upgrade to full sanctuary status in June 1982, with additional areas. During the 1982 Asian Games, held in New Delhi, Ramgarh Lake hosted the rowing events. Flora The sanctuary’s vegetation is typical of the dry tropical forests of the Aravallis. Prominent species include: Dhok (Anogeissus pendula) Imli (Tamarindus indica) Aam (Mangifera indica) Jamun (Syzygium cumini) Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon) Bahera (Terminalia bellirica) Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) Siris (Albizia lebbeck) Churel (Holoptelea integrifolia). Fauna Mammals recorded include leopard (Panthera pardus), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Indian jackal (Canis aureus), jungle cat (Felis chaus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), chital (Axis axis), sambar (Rusa unicolor), nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and chinkara (Gazella bennettii). Avifauna exceeds 200 species, including Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), crested finch-lark (Spizocorys lark), plum-headed parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala), and white-bellied drongo (Dicrurus caerulescens). Several migratory and threatened birds are also reported. Tigers also have been sighted in the sanctuary Conservation challenges Illegal mining for marble and soapstone within and around the sanctuary has degraded nearly 32 km² of habitat, threatening both wildlife and local communities. Tourism and accessibility Popular with birdwatchers and trekkers, the sanctuary offers jeep safaris and nature trails. The nearest railhead is Jaipur Junction, about 40 km away; Jaipur International Airport lies roughly 50 km to the southwest. See also List of wildlife sanctuaries of India Ramgarh Lake Sariska Tiger Reserve References
Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary

Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the Aravalli Hills near Jaipur, in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Established in 1980, the sanctuary spans approximately 50 square kilometers. Geography Situated about 20 kilometers from Jaipur, the sanctuary encompasses rugged terrain characterized by hills, valleys, and seasonal streams. The area is part of the Aravalli mountain range, one of the oldest geological formations in India. The sanctuary's landscape includes dry deciduous forests, thorny scrublands, and grasslands. Flora The vegetation in Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary is typical of the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan. Dominant tree species of the sanctuary include Dhok (Anogeissus pendula), Babool (Acacia nilotica), Khejri (Prosopis cineraria), and Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana). Fauna The sanctuary hosts a variety of wildlife, including: Mammals: Leopards (Panthera pardus), sloth bears (Melursus ursinus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), jackals (Canis aureus), hyenas (Hyaena hyaena), and various species of deer. Birds: Over 285 species have been recorded. Notable species include peacocks, owls, eagles, and the white-naped tit. Reptiles and Amphibians: Indian rock pythons (Python molurus), monitor lizards (Varanus bengalensis), frogs, and toads are commonly found. Nahargarh Biological Park Within the sanctuary lies the Nahargarh Biological Park, established to enhance wildlife conservation and education. The park is home to several species, including Bengal tigers, Asiatic lions, leopards, and sloth bears. It also features a rescue center for rehabilitating injured or orphaned animals. The park serves as an important center for environmental education and awareness. Conservation efforts Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary plays a vital role in the conservation of the Aravalli ecosystem. Efforts are ongoing to address challenges such as habitat degradation, human-wildlife conflict, and encroachment. The Rajasthan Forest Department, along with various NGOs, is involved in initiatives like afforestation, community engagement, and wildlife monitoring to ensure the sanctuary's ecological integrity. Eco-sensitive zone In 2019, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) notified an Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) around the sanctuary to regulate activities and minimize ecological damage. The ESZ aims to provide a buffer zone to the sanctuary, ensuring sustainable development in the surrounding areas. Legal challenges Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary has been the subject of several legal disputes concerning unauthorized constructions and non-forest activities within its boundaries and Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ). Boundary Discrepancies Discrepancies between the sanctuary's original 1980 notification and the 2019 ESZ map have led to legal ambiguities. The Forest Department initiated efforts to revise the sanctuary's boundaries to resolve these issues and ensure consistent enforcement of conservation laws. See also Ranthambore National Park Sariska Tiger Reserve Keoladeo National Park Aravalli Range References
Shergarh Wildlife Sanctuary

Shergarh Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in the Baran district of Rajasthan, India. Notified in 1983 under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, it covers an area of 81.67 km² along the Parban River on the Vindhyan plateau, approximately 65 km from Baran town. History The sanctuary derives its name from the nearby Shergarh Fort, whose ruins date to around 790 AD and contain medieval Jain and Hindu temples. The surrounding forests were officially notified as Shergarh Wildlife Sanctuary in 1983 by the Government of Rajasthan to protect the region’s dry deciduous ecosystems and associated wildlife. Geography Shergarh Wildlife Sanctuary lies on the Vindhyan plateau in southeastern Rajasthan, encompassing undulating hills and riverine plains. The sanctuary is bisected by seasonal streams that feed into the Parban River, which forms its western boundary. Elevations range from approximately 250 to 400 metres above sea level. The terrain consists of rocky outcrops, gentle slopes, and scattered boulder fields interspersed with flat floodplains. The climate is subtropical semi-arid. Flora and fauna The sanctuary comprises tropical dry deciduous forest interspersed with riverine plains. Major tree species include dhok (Anogeissus pendula), khair (Acacia catechu), tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), and ber (Ziziphus mauritiana), which form the canopy and provide food and shelter for wildlife. Large mammals recorded in the sanctuary include: Indian Leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) Sambar (Rusa unicolor) Chital (Axis axis) Wild boar (Sus scrofa) A recent avifaunal survey documented 62 resident and 39 seasonal bird species within the sanctuary, reflecting its importance as habitat for both resident and migratory birds. Conservation and management Shergarh Wildlife Sanctuary is managed by the Rajasthan Forest Department under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Management activities include anti-poaching patrols, maintenance of waterholes along the Parban River, and periodic wildlife monitoring to ensure the protection of its characteristic dry deciduous habitat. References
Sawai Man Singh Wildlife Sanctuary

Sawai Man Singh Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected wildlife area in eastern Rajasthan, India. Located in Sawai Madhopur district, covering approximately 103 km², it forms the southern buffer of the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve and supports a rich assemblage of dry deciduous flora and fauna. Overview Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary lies at the junction of the Aravalli and Vindhya ranges and provides critical habitat connectivity within the Ranthambore landscape. It shelters the Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris), Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca), sloth bears (Melursus ursinus), and numerous ungulate and bird species. History The forests of this region were once royal hunting grounds of the Jaipur and Karauli states. In 1955, the area was designated as the Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary. A core area of 282 km² was notified as Ranthambore National Park in 1980. In 1984, the 130 km² southern tract was formally constituted as Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary, named in honour of Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II of Jaipur. Geography Situated within the Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous ecoregion, the sanctuary’s gently rolling sandstone ridges, seasonal streams and waterholes lie between the Banas River to the north and the Chambal River to the south. Altitudes range around a few hundred metres above sea level. The climate is subtropical semi-arid: hot summers (up to 46 °C), cool winters (down to 2 °C) and 800–900 mm of monsoon rainfall (June–September). Flora and Fauna The sanctuary’s vegetation is dominated by dry mixed deciduous forest: species include Anogeissus pendula (dhok), Butea monosperma (dhak), Acacia nilotica (kikar), Boswellia serrata (salai), Terminalia tomentosa (saj), and various Ficus spp. Understory grasses and scrub like Lantana camara flourish post-monsoon. Large mammals include: Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) Chital (Axis axis) Sambar (Rusa unicolor) Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus) Over 300 bird species have been recorded, including Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), various partridges, sandgrouse, and migratory waterfowl. Reptiles such as mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) inhabit pools, alongside snakes like the Indian cobra (Naja naja). Access Access is via Sawai Madhopur—connected by rail (Sawai Madhopur Junction) and road to Jaipur (150 km) and Delhi. The sanctuary itself has no separate entry gate; visitors join Ranthambore Tiger Reserve safaris which may traverse SMS zones. The best visiting season is October–March. Safari permits and wildlife tours are managed by the Forest Department from Sawai Madhopur. References
Van Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary

Van Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the Dholpur district of Rajasthan, India. Established in 1955, it spans approximately 26.6 square kilometers and is one of the oldest wildlife reserves in the region. The sanctuary is located about 16 kilometers from Dholpur city on the Vindhya Plateau. Geography and flora The sanctuary features a dry deciduous forest ecosystem. Common tree species include Dhok (Anogeissus pendula) and Khair (Acacia catechu), which are adapted to the arid conditions of the region. Fauna Van Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary supports a variety of wildlife. Notable mammals include sambar (Rusa unicolor), chital (Axis axis), nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), and leopard (Panthera pardus). The sanctuary is also known for its avifauna, with over 200 bird species recorded. Winter migrants include the sarus crane (Antigone antigone), grey heron (Ardea cinerea), pelicans (Pelecanus spp.), and white-necked stork (Ciconia episcopus). Reptiles found in the area include the Indian python (Python molurus), cobra (Naja naja), and monitor lizard (Varanus spp.). See also List of wildlife sanctuaries of India Ramsagar Wildlife Sanctuary Van Vihar National Park, a national park in Madhya Pradesh References