NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
ГЕС Ранганаді

ГЕС Ранганаді – гідроелектростанція на сході Індії у штаті Аруначал-Прадеш. Використовує деривацію ресурсу із річки Ранганаді, яка дренує південний схил Гімалаїв та є правою притокою Субансірі (в свою чергу впадає праворуч в Брахмапутру). В межах проекту Ранганаді перекрили бетонною гравітаційною греблею висотою 68 метрів та довжиною 345 метрів, яка потребувала 410 тис м3 матеріалу та утримує водосховище з площею поверхні 1,6 км2 та об’ємом 8,1 млн м3 (корисний об’єм 4,9 млн м3). Звідси бере початок дериваційний тунель довжиною 10,1 км та діаметром 6,8 метра, що прямує під водороздільним хребтом на південь в долину іншої правої притоки Субансірі річки Дікронг. Він переходить у напірний водовід довжиною біля 1,1 км зі спадаючим діаметром від 5,8 до 3,35 метра. Розташований на лівобережжі Дікронг наземний машинний зал обладнали трьома турбінами типу Френсіс потужністю по 135 МВт, які при напорі від 290 до 322 метрів забезпечують виробництво 1,5 млрд кВт-год електроенергії на рік. Видача продукції відбувається по ЛЕП, розрахованих на роботу під напругою 400 кВ та 132 кВ. Відпрацьована вода потрапляє у Дікронг дещо вище за греблю ГЕС Pare. Примітки
Dibru-Saikhowa-Nationalpark

Der Dibru-Saikhowa-Nationalpark ist ein Nationalpark im Nordosten Indiens. Der Park liegt im Bundesstaat Assam und erstreckt sich am Ufer des Brahmaputra über eine Fläche von etwa 765 Quadratkilometern. Er ist Heimat von bedrohten Großsäugern, wie Elefanten, Wasserbüffeln und Tigern sowie zahlreichen Vogelarten. Gründung Das Dibru-Gebiet wurde bereits 1890 als Waldreservat ausgewiesen, im Jahr 1929 wurde Saikhowa angeschlossen und das Gebiet 1986 zum Dibru-Saikhowa-Wildreservat erklärt. Im Jahr 1997 wurde es zum Biosphärenreservat erhoben, seit 1999 ist Dibru-Saikhowa ein Nationalpark. Der Nationalpark umfasst eine Fläche von 765 Quadratkilometern, von denen 340 als Kernzone ausgewiesen sind. Beschreibung Der Nationalpark liegt am Südufer des Brahmaputra und besteht aus Schwemmebenen, die von tropischen Wäldern, Sumpf- und Grasgebieten beherrscht werden. Insgesamt kommen 680 Pflanzenarten im Nationalpark vor. Die zahlreichen Wasserarme bilden ein vielfältiges Mosaik aus Lebensräumen. Im Einflussbereich des Nationalparks leben etwa 30.000 Menschen, die mit ihren zahlreichen Viehherden immer wieder in Konflikte mit den Naturschutzgedanken des Nationalparks geraten. Etwa 10.000 sind direkt von den natürlichen Ressourcen des Reservats abhängig. Fauna Dibru-Saikhowa ist die Heimat von 35 Säugetierarten, 502 Vogelarten, 43 Reptilienarten und 104 Fischarten. Darüber hinaus kommen 105 verschiedene Arten von Schmetterlingen vor. Darunter sind zahlreiche bedrohte Arten. Das Schutzgebiet beherbergt eine der wichtigsten Populationen des Asiatischen Elefanten im Nordosten Indiens. Im Jahr 2002 wurden über 300 Elefanten im Nationalpark gezählt. Die Zählung im Jahr 2008 ergab lediglich 160 Elefanten, dürfte aber zu niedrig liegen, da vermutlich etliche wandernde Tiere nicht erfasst wurden. Der Nationalpark ist eines der wenigen Schutzgebiete weltweit, in dem Wilde Wasserbüffel vorkommen. Im Park leben über 400 der gewaltigen Wildrinder. Das größte Raubtier des Reservats ist der Bengaltiger. Schätzungen zufolge, die auf den Zählungen von Spuren basieren, leben etwa 30 Tiger in Dibru-Saikhowa. Mit Leopard und Nebelparder kommen zwei weitere Raubkatzen vor. Darüber hinaus zählt der Lippenbär zur Fauna des Gebietes. Als Besonderheit kommen verwilderte Pferde vor, die vermutlich im Zweiten Weltkrieg entkamen und nun wild im Park leben. Im Jahr 2008 wurden 48 Pferde gezählt. Weitere größere Pflanzenfresser sind Indische Muntjakhirsche, Schweinshirsche, Sambarhirsche und Wildschweine. Kleinere Raubtiere sind durch Goldschakal, Eurasischer Fischotter, Kleine Indische Zibetkatze, Kleinen Mungo, Indischen Mungo, Rohrkatze und Bengalkatze vertreten. Sechs Primatenarten bevölkern das Reservat. Diese sind Hoolock-Gibbon, Kappenlangur, Rhesusaffe, Assam-Makak, Nördlicher Schweinsaffe und Plumplori. Auch das Chinesische Schuppentier zählt zu den Parkbewohnern. Der Reichtum an Vogelarten ist enorm. Etwa 25 % aller in Indien vorkommenden Vogelarten wurden im Nationalpark nachgewiesen. Für verschiedene seltene Arten wie Weißflügelente, Barttrappe und Bengalgeier ist der Nationalpark eines der letzten Refugien.
Parc national de Dibru-Saikhowa

Le parc national de Dibru-Saikhowa est situé dans l'État de l'Assam en Inde. Présentation Le parc de Dibru-Saikhowa est situé à 12 km au nord de Tinsukia dans les districts de Dibrugarh et de Tinsukia. Sa superficie est de 350 km2 et son altitude moyenne est de 118 m (min : 110 m ; max : 126 m). Le parc est bordé par le Brahmapoutre et la Lohit au nord ainsi que par la rivière Dibru au sud. Notes et références Voir aussi Liens externes (en) Fiche du parc sur le site UNEP-WCMC Liens internes Parcs nationaux d'Inde Portail de la conservation de la nature Portail de l’Inde
Gourisagar Pukhuri

Gourisagar Pukhuri or Gaurisagar Tank is an artificial lake in Sivasagar, Sivasagar district in the state of Assam in India. It is situated 12 km away from Sivasagar. Etymology Gourisagar Pukhuri popularly known as Gourisagar Tank, there are three temples on the north bank. DeviDoul, adorned with sandstone sculptures. In winter migratory birds visit the lake in large numbers. History Gaurisagar Lake was constructed between 1715 and 1719 by Queen Phuleswari, who was wife of King Siva Singha. See also List of lakes of Assam References
Mechuka Advanced Landing Ground

Mechuka Advanced Landing Ground is an Indian Air Force airstrip located at Mechuka in Shi Yomi district of Arunachal Pradesh, India. It is an Advance Landing Ground (ALG) of Indian Air Force. History In June 2019, An Indian Air Force Plane carrying 13 en route from Jorhat Airport in Assam went missing while en route to the airstrip. The aircraft's wreckage was found in the Siang district after eight days after being spotted by an MI 17 helicopter that was on a search & rescue mission. Military usage The area has a significant military presence, which also creates some employment opportunities for civilians. The airstrip is used frequently to bring in vital supplies from Assam via Antonov-32 aircraft and helicopters. The runway was renovated, strengthened, upgraded to a concrete runway and extended to 4,700 feet in 2017 by the government.In July 2018, Indian Air Force made a history by landing the C-17 Globemaster III at Mechuka ALG.It would make the military logistics transportation easier to the border areas in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Civil aviation usage There is a twice-weekly helicopter service offered under the UDAN scheme on Monday and Saturday. Government of Arunachal Pradesh has invited bids from the private airlines to operate a 9-searter fixed-wing air service which will not be under the UDAN scheme. As of December 2022, the new passenger terminal for handling passenger traffic is almost completed, and is expected to begin operations soon with Alliance Air's Dornier 228 passenger aircraft. See also Military bases List of ALGs List of Indian Air Force stations India-China military deployment on LAC List of disputed India-China areas Tianwendian Ukdungle Borders Line of Actual Control (LAC) Borders of China Borders of India Conflicts Sino-Indian conflict List of disputed territories of China List of disputed territories of India Other related topics India-China Border Roads List of extreme points of India Defence Institute of High Altitude Research Indian Astronomical Observatory References External links IAF's ALG
Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary

Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary situated in the Karbi Anglong district in the Indian state of Assam. Description The sanctuary was formed in 2003, spreading over an area of 451 km2 (174 sq mi). It hosts animals like the Asian elephant, the Hoolock gibbon, the Royal Bengal Tiger and the Himalayan Black Bear. It is an part of Dhansiri-Lungding Elephant Reserve. An ISRO study in 2024 found that the sanctuary is facing a loss of its green cover. Land grabbing by encroachments is also another issue faced by the sanctuary. A study found that the sanctuary hosts about 91 species of wild edible plants, including 2 fern species, which are consumed by the tribal people living within the sanctuary borders. References
Kane Wildlife Sanctuary

Kane Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area and wildlife sanctuary located in West Siang district of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. The sanctuary covers an area of 31 km2 (12 sq mi) and was declared as a protected area in 1991. The protected area consists of a mixture of tropical evergreen and temperate broad leaf mixed forests. The fauna found in the sanctuary include Indian elephant, Bengal tiger, gaur, Asiatic black bear, slow loris, rhesus macaque, capped langur, Himalayan serow, mouse deer, and antelopes. There are more than 70 species of bird including white-bellied heron, white-winged duck, rufous-necked hornbill, dark-rumped swift, beautiful sibia, and broad-billed warbler. Reptiles include the king cobra, Indian python, and reticulated python. References External links
Yordi Rabe Supse Wildlife Sanctuary

Yordi Rabe Supse Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area and wildlife sanctuary located in West Siang district of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. The sanctuary covers an area of 397 km2 (153 sq mi) and was declared as a protected area in 1996. Description The protected area consists of a mixture of tropical, montane wet temperate and pine forests. Fauna found in the sanctuary include leopard, alpine musk deer, takin, Himalayan goral, Asiatic black bear, Indian wild dog, red panda, leopard cat, Himalayan serow, clouded leopard, spotted linsang, Eurasian otter, barking deer, sambar deer, Assamese macaque, capped langur, Hodgson's giant flying squirrel, and rufous-necked hornbill. Reptiles include the king cobra, Indian python, and reticulated python. In 2026, the Musk deer was captured on camera for the first time in the sanctuary. References External links
Talunggletscher

Der Talunggletscher ist ein etwa 12 km langer Gletscher im Himalaya im Westen von Sikkim in Indien. Lage Der Talunggletscher hat sein Nährgebiet an der Ostflanke des Talung (7349 m) auf einer Höhe von etwa 6500 m. Der Gletscher strömt anfangs etwa 5 km in Richtung Nordnordost. Er vereinigt sich mit einem Seitenarm, der von der Südflanke des Kangchendzönga-Südgipfels (8476 m) herabströmt. Im Süden erhebt sich der Goecha Peak (6127 m). Der Yalunggletscher strömt noch etwa 5,5 km in Richtung Südost und endet auf einer Höhe von ungefähr 4200 m. Der Talunggletscher speist den Talung Chu, ein rechter Nebenfluss der Tista. Der Talunggletscher hat eine Fläche von ungefähr 20 km². Die mittlere Gletscherbreite im unteren Bereich liegt bei etwa 550 m. Der Talunggletscher ist im Rückzug begriffen. Am unteren Gletscherende hat sich eine Moräne gebildet. Weblinks Günter Seyfferth: Kangchenjunga Himal - nördlicher Teil in Nepal. In: Die Berge des Himalaya (himalaya-info.org). Abgerufen am 3. Juli 2025. – Landkarte
Hidden Glacier (Sikkim)

Der Hidden Glacier (engl. für „Versteckter Gletscher“) ist ein Gletscher im Himalaya im Nordwesten des indischen Bundesstaates Sikkim. Der Gletscher befindet sich im Kangchendzönga-Nationalpark 16 km nordöstlich des Kangchendzönga, der dritthöchste Berg der Erde. Der Hidden-Gletscher verdankt seinen Namen offensichtlich seiner versteckten Lage. Lage Der Hidden Glacier befindet sich 3 km nördlich des Zemugletschers. Er wird von 5700–6100 m hohen Gebirgskämmen eingerahmt und strömt in östlicher Richtung. Seine aktuelle Länge liegt bei ungefähr 5 km, die mittlere Breite bei etwa 800 m. Das Nährgebiet befindet sich auf einer Höhe von 5850 m, das untere Gletscherende ungefähr auf 5500 m. Die Gletscherfläche beträgt aktuell ungefähr 3,9 km² mit abnehmender Tendenz. Unterhalb des Gletschers hat sich eine etwa 1,5 km lange Moräne gebildet. Ein kleiner Bach fließt unterhalb der Moräne 1,9 km nach Süden zum Zemugletscher und anschließend 7 km entlang dessen nördlichen Gletscherrand nach Osten zum Zemu Chu. Weblinks Günter Seyfferth: Kangchenjunga Region im Bereich von Tibet und Sikkim-Nordwest. In: Die Berge des Himalaya. Abgerufen am 18. Juli 2025 (Landkarte der Kangchenjunga-Region).
Pualreng Wildlife Sanctuary

Pualreng Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in the Kolasib district in the Indian state of Mizoram. It was notified on 29 July 2004 and it covers approximately 50 km² of tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forest in the northeastern hill ranges. Geography and climate The sanctuary ranges up to 750 m above sea level and receives 2,000–3,900 mm of annual rainfall. Summer temperatures reach 20–30 °C, while winters drop to 10–20 °C. Biodiversity Pualreng’s forests support a rich assemblage of mammals including hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock), slow loris (Nycticebus sp.), common langur (Semnopithecus sp.), Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus), leopard (Panthera pardus), sambar (Rusa unicolor), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), binturong (Arctictis binturong) and Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla). Over 100 bird species have been recorded, notably Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis), Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus), Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris), kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos), Bhutan peacock-pheasant (Polyplectron bicalcaratum) and red junglefowl (Gallus gallus). A 2021 study on Reptiles & Amphibians documented interspecific amplexus between two frog species (Polypedates teraiensis and Hydrophylax leptoglossa), underscoring the sanctuary’s amphibian diversity. Conservation and threats A 2022 remote-sensing assessment revealed a >10% decline in forest cover (≈5.2 km²) from 2006–2018 due to illegal clearing, grazing, and reservoir submergence. In November 2024, a joint operation seized smoked wild-animal meat in the sanctuary, leading to convictions under the Wildlife Protection Act. References
Deepar Beel Wildlife Sanctuary

Deepar Beel Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in Assam, India. It is located to the south-west of Guwahati, covering an area of about 4.14 km². The sanctuary was notified in 1989 to protect the unique wetland ecosystem of Deepor Beel, a permanent freshwater lake and Ramsar site. The lake and sanctuary are important habitats for many resident and migratory bird species, including globally threatened species such as the spot-billed pelican and greater adjutant. It also supports fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, and plays a key role in maintaining the ecological balance of the Brahmaputra River floodplains. See also List of wildlife sanctuaries of India References
Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary

Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary (also spelled Thorangtland) is a wildlife sanctuary located in Lunglei district in the Indian state of Mizoram. It preserves subtropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forest ecosystems and lies close to the India–Bangladesh border. Location and geography The sanctuary occupies hilly terrain in southern Mizoram, south of Aizawl and near Lunglei town. Elevations reach about 1,396 m, and the area forms part of the Naga–Mizoram mountain biogeographic zone. The region receives high annual rainfall and is drained by several small streams. History The forest tract was first recorded as Reserve Forest in 1982. A state notification declared part of it as Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary on 23 April 2002, with an area of 50 km2. A subsequent notification on 2 November 2015 revised the sanctuary's recorded area to 180.0 km2. In June 2019, an eco-sensitive zone surrounding the sanctuary was formalised by the Government of India. Flora and fauna The sanctuary acts as a corridor for the migration of elephants from Bangladesh. Important wild animals of the region include the Barking deer (Sakhi), Gaur/Indian bison (Ramsial), Himalayan black bear, Hoolock gibbon (Hauhuk), Leaf monkey (Dawr), Leopard (Keite), Rhesus macaque (Zawng), Sambar (Sazuk), Tiger (Sakei), and Wild boar (Sanghal); while notable birds comprise the Bhutan peacock pheasant (Varihaw), Great Indian hornbill (Vapual), Imperial pigeon (Bullut), Khalij pheasant (Vahrit), Pied hornbill (Vahai), Red jungle fowl (Ramar), and Wreathed hornbill (Kawlhawk). A study in the Journal of Threatened Taxa documented 36 species of pteridophytes (ferns and fern-allies) within the sanctuary. Conservation and management Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary is administered by the Forest Department of Mizoram. The eco-sensitive zone notified in 2019 aims to regulate development around the boundary and reduce pressure on the habitat. Recent management guidelines highlight community participation, scientific wildlife monitoring and habitat protection as priorities. Visitor information The sanctuary is accessible from Lunglei. Entry permissions and visitor arrangements are available through the Mizoram Forest Department and state tourism services. See also Protected areas of India Kathlaur Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary References External links Forest Department – Protected Areas, Government of Mizoram "Gazette Notification: Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary and Eco-sensitive Zone" (PDF). Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 25 June 2019. "Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary – Biodiversity Report" (PDF). forestsclearance.nic.in.
Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary

Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in the Indian state of Mizoram. It was among the first protected wildlife areas in the state, notified under the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Location and geography The sanctuary lies roughly 101 km from the state capital, Aizawl, and spans districts including Aizawl, Serchhip and partly Lunglei. The elevation ranges from about 400 m to 1,300 m above sea level. The sanctuary terrain is largely hilly, with steep slopes and rugged terrain, forming part of the hill forest ecosystem of Mizoram. History The area was notified as a wildlife sanctuary on 16 November 2001, vide Notification No. B.12012/1/91-FST by the state government of Mizoram. Tawi is considered among the oldest wildlife sanctuaries of Mizoram. Flora and fauna Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary harbours tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, as well as scrub and secondary forest in parts. According to a botanical survey, the sanctuary supports a rich pteridophytic flora: 37 taxa of ferns and fern allies have been recorded. Among the tree and plant species present are tropical trees, bamboos and orchids, reflecting the diversity of habitats within the sanctuary. Notable carnivores recorded in the sanctuary include the Tiger (Sakei), Leopard (Keite), Golden cat (Keisen), Leopard cat (Sanghar), Marbled cat (Ngharrang), Jungle cat (Sauak), Himalayan black bear (Savawm), Malayan sun bear (Samang), Jackal (Sihal), Civets (Sazaw) and the Yellow-throated marten (Safia). Among ungulates and similar terrestrial species, the sanctuary is home to the Serow (Saza) and Ghoral (Sathar). The forest canopy supports several arboreal mammals including the Hoolock gibbon (Hauhuk), Leaf monkey (Dawr), Common langur (Ngau), Assamese macaque (Zozawng), Slow loris (Sahuai) and the Pig-tailed macaque (Zawng hmeltha). Important birds recorded from the area include the Great Indian hornbill (Vapual), Wreathed hornbill (Kawlhawk), Pied hornbill (Vahai), Khalij pheasant (Vahrit), Bhutan peacock pheasant (Varihaw), White-cheeked partridge (Varung), Red jungle fowl (Ramar) and the Imperial pigeon (Bullut). Visitor information The sanctuary is accessible from Aizawl, and is often cited as a destination for forest walks, bird watching and nature experiences. See also Protected areas of India Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary References External links Forest Department – Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary, Government of Mizoram "Notification: Declaration of Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary" (PDF). Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Jiri-Makru Wildlife Sanctuary

Jiri-Makru Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in western Manipur, India. It lies between the Jiri and Makru rivers, close to the Assam–Manipur border, and spans parts of Tamenglong district and Jiribam district. The sanctuary contains tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests and is recognised in conservation listings for its ecological importance. History & Status The Government of Manipur issued an initial notification proposing the sanctuary on 22 September 1997. It is officially listed as a wildlife sanctuary by the Government of Manipur and appears in several Indian government sources and official protected area lists. Despite its official status, reports indicate that on-ground protection, management, and enforcement within the sanctuary remain limited. Local news and civil society sources note that there is minimal infrastructure, limited forest staff presence, and few measures to actively protect wildlife and habitat in practice. Geography and ecology Jiri-Makru lies in the West Manipur Hills between the Jiri and Makru rivers, both part of the Barak river system. The forested terrain includes tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen vegetation, with an elevation ranging from roughly 80 to 500 metres. Flora and fauna The sanctuary is listed as an important habitat for forest birds and several mammal species typical of the Manipur hills. The sanctuary also hosts the rare Hoolock gibbon. The sanctuary has a highforest‑bird potential, though comprehensive species‑level bird surveys remain lacking. Other mammals include Asiatic black bear, Leopard, Sambar deer, Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Gaur, Serow, wild pig, civets, pangolin, and species of small carnivores including linsangs, jungle cats, martens, slow loris and hog badger. Conservation and local issues Local communities and civil society groups have raised concerns regarding the need to balance forest protection with customary land-use rights. Regional news reports have highlighted calls for improved conservation measures and clearer administrative processes relating to Jiri-Makru and neighbouring protected areas. See also Protected areas of India List of wildlife sanctuaries of India Shirui National Park References External links "Jiri - Makru Wildlife Sanctuary, Manipur (Gazette notification)" (PDF). Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change. Retrieved 3 December 2025. "Jiri - Makru Factsheet". Key Biodiversity Areas. Retrieved 3 December 2025.
Narpuh Wildlife Sanctuary

Narpuh Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in the East Jaintia Hills district of the Indian state of Meghalaya. Notified in 2014, it protects a significant tract of semi-evergreen and evergreen forest in the Jaintia Hills and is important for several threatened species found in north-east India. Geography Narpuh Wildlife Sanctuary covers approximately 59.90 km² and lies in the southern part of the Jaintia Hills landscape. The sanctuary contains hilly terrain with evergreen and semi-evergreen forest types and perennial streams that form important catchments for local rivers. The sanctuary boundary and the official eco-sensitive zone (ESZ) are described in the Government of India notification for the ESZ; the ESZ around Narpuh extends beyond the sanctuary and covers a broader area as per the notification. Biodiversity The sanctuary is noted for its floral diversity and for fauna typical of the north-eastern hill forests. Species reported from the sanctuary and surrounding landscape include primates such as the western hoolock gibbon, sambar, barking deer, and a rich bird assemblage including hornbills and other forest birds. Conservation and threats Regional media and local conservation commentary have reported threats such as illegal logging, shifting cultivation and pressure from nearby settlements. It was rated as "Good" in the Wildlife Institute of India's Management Effectiveness Evaluation (MEE) 2020-25 report. See also Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary References External links Official website — Protected Areas (Meghalaya Biodiversity Board) "Narpuh ESZ notification (MOEF)" (PDF).