NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Pearl GTL

Pearl GTL is a gas to liquids (GTL) plant based in Ras Laffan, Qatar. It converts natural gas into a range of liquid hydrocarbon products, including naphtha, kerosene, normal paraffins, gas oil and base oils. It is the largest GTL plant in the world. The first commercial shipment from the Pearl GTL was made on 13 June 2011. The project is a Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) between QatarEnergy and Shell. Pearl GTL received the 2021 "Asset of the Year" award by Shell. Technical features Upon achieving its full capacity in 2012, the Pearl GTL can convert 1.6 billion cubic feet per day (45×10^6 m3/d) of natural gas into 140,000 barrels per day (22,000 m3/d) of petroleum liquids and 120,000 barrels of oil equivalent (730,000 GJ) into natural gas liquids and ethane. The integrated process automation and control system for the main plant and the onplot tank farm were designed and implemented by Honeywell, while that for the offplot tank farm and the loading berths were designed and implemented by Invensys. Page Europa was contracted as overall Telecom System Integrator for both onshore and offshore telecommunications systems. ABB Group was contracted to supply all of the electrical and control systems. The first train started production in May 2011, followed by the second train in November 2011. The main contractors were KBR and JGC Corporation. Other contractors were J. Ray McDermott, CB&I, Consolidated Contractors Company, Kentz, Descon Engineering Limited. The process pumps are supplied by Flowserve, chemical injection pumps are by LEWA Germany and eight turbomachinery trains for use in the air separation systems are supplied by Linde. Half of the 24 reactors for the Fischer–Tropsch process were supplied by MAN AG. The Pearl GTL project built upon the foundations of the smaller scale GTL project in Bintulu, Malaysia, which has been in operation since 1993. The plant reached full production in mid-2012. Iran Missile Strike The facility was damaged by ballistic missile strike during the 2026 Iranian strikes on Qatar, and one of the two production units could be offline for a year while being repaired. Cost In 2003, the project cost was estimated to be US$5 billion. However, after facing huge cost escalation, it was reported to be $18 billion in 2007, and, according to QatarEnergy sources, final project cost is expected to reach as high as $24 billion. Because Shell's contract provided them with the input gas for free, the project was calculated to be viable once the price of oil exceeded $40 per barrel. GTL fuel The primary products of the Pearl GTL plant is naphtha and transport fuels, with paraffins and lubricant oils as smaller by-products of the process. The transport fuel can be used in existing light and heavy diesel engines and has been shown to have a number of benefits, such as lower emissions and engine performance enhancement. References External links Official website
Pearl GTL

Pearl GTL est un site de production, de transformation et de synthèse de gaz naturel basée à Ras Laffan, au Qatar. Il convertit du gaz naturel en GTL. Il s'agit de la plus grande usine de GTL au monde. La première exploitation commerciale de Pearl GTL a commencé le 13 juin 2011. Caractéristiques techniques Lors de la mise en route de sa pleine capacité en 2012, le pôle industriel de Pearl GTL permettra de convertir chaque jour (45 × 106 m3) de gaz naturel en 140 000 barils de pétrole et de convertir 120 000 barils de pétrole par jour (22 × 103 m3/j) en Gaz naturel liquéfié et éthane. L'automatisation du processus intégré et du système de contrôle de l'usine principale et le parc de stockage complet seront conçus et mis en œuvre par Honeywell, tandis que le parc de stockage et les postes de chargement seront conçus et mis en œuvre par Invensys. Page Europa a été sollicité comme intégrateur du système global de télécommunications à la fois onshore et offshore. Le Groupe ABB a été retenu pour fournir tous les systèmes électriques et de contrôle. La première ligne de production sera mise en service en 2010, suivi par la deuxième ligne de production en 2011. Les entrepreneurs principaux sont KBR et JGC Corporation. Les autres sous-traitants sont McDermott International, Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, Consolidated Contractors Company et Descon Engineering Limited. Les pompes pour le procédé sont fournis par Flowserve Corporation, les pompes à injection de produits chimiques le sont par LEWA Allemagne et huit trains de turbomachines pour les systèmes de séparation de l'air sont fournis par The Linde Group. Six réacteurs pour le procédé Fischer-Tropsch sont fournis par MAN SE. Le projet Pearl GTL s'appuie sur les fondements du projet GTL à plus petite échelle de Bintulu, Malaisie, qui a été en opération depuis 1993. L'usine devrait atteindre la pleine production à la mi-2012. Coût En 2003, le coût du projet avait été estimé à 5 milliards de dollars. Cependant, après avoir fait face à une escalade énorme des coûts il a été achevé à 18 milliards de dollars en 2007 et, selon Qatar Petroleum sources, le cout final du projet est attendu à $24milliards. Puisque le contrat avec Shell prévoit de fournir gratuitement le gaz d'entrée, le projet a été calculé pour être viable dès que le prix du pétrole dépasse 40 $. Sociétés chargées du projet Le projet est un accord de partage de production (PSA) entre Qatar Petroleum et Shell. Carburant GTL Les principaux produits de l'usine de Pearl GTL sont le naphta et les carburants destinés aux transport, ainsi que des paraffines et huiles lubrifiantes comme sous-produits du processus. Le carburant GTL pour le transport peut être utilisé pour les moteurs diesel lourds et a montré avoir un certain nombre d'avantages, tels que la réduction des émissions et l'amélioration des performances du moteur. Notes et références (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Pearl GTL » (voir la liste des auteurs). Portail du Qatar Portail des énergies fossiles
Pearl GTL

Pearl GTL è un importante sito di produzione, trasformazione e sintesi di gas naturale situato a Ras Laffan, Qatar. Converte gas naturale in GTL e si tratta del più grande stabilimento di gas naturale liquefatto al mondo La prima fase di effettiva utilizzazione di Pearl GTL è iniziata il 13 giugno 2011. Caratteristiche tecniche Al momento della piena entrata in servizio nel 2012, il polo industriale Pearl GTL permetterà di convertire 1.6 milioni di gas naturale (45×106 m3/d) in 140.000 barili di petrolio e di convertire 120.000 barili di petrolio al giorno (22×103 m3/d) in GTL ed etano. L'automatizzazione del processo integrato e del sistema di controllo dell'impianto principale e dell'impianto di stoccaggio verrà concepito e messo in opera da Honeywell, mentre l'impianto di stoccaggio ed i posti di controllo sono progettati e messa in opera da Invensys. Page Europa è stata sollecitata come integratore globale di Telecom Système per i sistemi di telecomunicazione onshore ed offshore. Il Gruppo ABB è stato impegnato a fornire tutti i sistemi elettrici e di controllo. La prima parte verrà messa in servizio nel 2010, seguita poi dalla seconda parte nel 2011. Le maggiori aziende coinvolte nella realizzazione del progetto sono KBR (entreprise) e JGC Corporation (Japan Gasoline Company). Altre aziende subappaltatrici sono McDermott International, Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, Consolidated Contractors Company e Descon Engineering Limited Le pompe idrauliche per il processo sont fornite da Flowserve Corporation, le pompe ad iniezione di prodotti chimici sono di LEWA ed otto diversi impianti di turbine generatrici per i sistemi di trattamento dell'aria sono fornite da Linde AG. Sei reattori necessari per il processo Fischer-Tropsch sono forniti dalla MAN AG. Il progetto Pearl GTL si basa sui fondamenti del progetto GTL simile ma di scala minore a Bintulu, Malaysia, che è operativo dal 1993. L'impianto dovrebbe raggiungere la piena produzione alla metà del 2012. Costo Nel 2003, il costo di progetto venne stimato sui 5000000 $ di dollari. Ciononostante, essendosi dovuto affrontare un enorme aumento delle spese, nel 2007 si sono raggiunti i 18 miliardi di dollari nel 2007. e, secondo fonti di Qatar Petroleum, il costo finale del progetto dovrebbe raggiungere i 24 miliardi. Poiché Shell, secondo il contratto, fornisce gratuitamente l'approvvigionamento e l'immissione del gas nell'impianto, è stato calcolato che il progetto sarebbe stato avviato una volta che il prezzo del petrolio superi i 40 dollari il barile. Società di progetto Il progetto è frutto di un accordo di condivisione della produzione Production sharing agreements (PSA) fra le due parti Qatar Petroleum e Shell. Carburante GTL I principali prodotti dell'impianto Pearl GTL sono la nafta ed i carburanti di trasporto, con paraffina ed olio lubrificante come minori sottoprodotti del processo. Il carburante GTL per i trasporti può essere utilizzato dai motori diesel pesanti ed è stato dimostrato come presenti un certo numero di vantaggi, quali la riduzione delle emissioni ed il miglioramento delle prestazioni del motore. . Note Collegamenti esterni Sito ufficiale, su shell.com.
Pearl GTL

Pearl GTL is een fabriek waarin aardgas wordt omgezet in vloeibare producten, een zogenaamde gas to liquids (GTL) installatie. De fabriek is in handen van Shell en staat in Ras Laffan in Qatar. Inleiding In 1971 werd het mega gasveld North Field/South Pars ontdekt voor de kust van Qatar in de Perzische Golf. In 1984 werd het besluit genomen het veld te ontwikkelen. Het gas wordt via pijplijnen naar Ras Laffan, zo’n 60 kilometer ten noordoosten van Doha, verpompt. Medio jaren 90 besloot Qatar een nieuw haven- en industrieelcomplex aan te leggen bij Ras Laffan. Het hele terrein heeft een oppervlakte van bijna 300 km². Op het terrein staan diverse installaties om het aardgas vloeibaar te maken en gastankers vervoeren het lng naar klanten wereldwijd. Project Shell had eerder in Maleisië een kleine fabriek gebouwd om aardgas om te zetten in lichte olieproducten. In 1993 kwam deze installatie in Bintulu in gebruik. Deze fabriek heeft een capaciteit van 13.500 vaten per dag. De ervaringen waren positief en in 2006 besloot Shell een tweede en grotere gas to liquids (GTL) fabriek te vestigen in Qatar. Het gehele project omvat de aanleg van boorputten in zee, twee 60 kilometer lange pijplijnen met een diameter van 30 inch naar de kust en de GTL fabriek. In 2007 werd met de bouw gestart en op het hoogtepunt van de bouwactiviteiten werkten zo'n 52.000 mensen aan het project. In maart 2011 werd de Pearl GTL fabriek met het eerste gas gevoed. De levering van de eerste lading eindproducten volgde in juni 2011. Pearl GTL heeft een capaciteit om circa 45 miljoen m³ aardgas om te zetten in 140.000 vaten lichte olieproducten per dag en 120.000 vaten olie-equivalent aan LPG en ethaan. De belangrijkste producten uit de fabriek zijn lichte olieproducten zoals nafta en motorbrandstoffen. Diesel is de belangrijkste motorbrandstof, deze bevat minder zwavel dan traditionele diesel en is daarmee schoner in gebruik. Bijproducten zijn kerosine en motorolie. In 2003 werd de totale investering geraamd op zo’n US$ 5 miljard. Gedurende de bouw waren er tegenslagen waardoor de kosten zijn opgelopen tot circa US$ 19 miljard. Medio 2012 was de installatie volledig in gebruik. Schade na Iraanse aanval Op 18 maart 2026 werd Ras Laffan Industrial City door Iraanse raketten beschoten. Er braken diverse branden uit. Pearl GTL werd daarbij ook beschadigd en de productie is stil komen te liggen. Herstel van de schade zal naar verwachting minstens een jaar duren. Vergelijkbaar project gestaakt In september 2013 tekende Shell een contract voor de bouw een vergelijkbare GTL fabriek in Louisiana. Deze fabriek zou een investering vergen van US$ 12,5 miljard. Nog geen drie maanden later besloot Shell van het project af te zien, omdat het niet langer economisch verantwoord was. Hoeveel er al is geïnvesteerd in de fabriek, werd niet gemeld door Shell. Externe link Shell Qatar Pearl GTL
Qatar Telecom Headquarters

Le Qatar Telecom Headquarters est un gratte-ciel de bureaux construit à Doha au Qatar de 2001 à 2004. Il mesure 158 mètres de hauteur et abrite des locaux de la société Qatar Telecom, devenue Ooredoo en 2013. L'immeuble fait partie du complexe West Bay. À sa construction c'était le plus haut immeuble du Qatar, depuis il a largement été dépassé par d'autres immeubles. Le bâtiment a été conçu par l'agence américaine Smallwood Reynolds Stewart. Lien externe Qatar Telecom Headquarters sur Emporis Portail du bâtiment et des travaux publics Portail des gratte-ciel Portail de Doha
Waldorf Astoria Dubai Palm Jumeirah

Waldorf Astoria Dubai Palm Jumeirah is a five-star luxury hotel in Dubai, part of Hilton Worldwide. The hotel was opened March 12, 2014. It is the second hotel of the Waldorf Astoria Hotels & Resorts in the United Arab Emirates. In 2018, Corah Caples was appointed as Director of Operations. Building The hotel is located on the Palm Jumeirah, an artificial archipelago in the United Arab Emirates. The hotel was built by ASGC Construction. Construction of the hotel faced a variety of issues during construction such as the site’s de-watering. Given that there were no closed shores near the site along with water having the ability to come in from multiple locations, the company had to adopt a variety of de-watering methods. A separate construction challenge came with the foundation work, as the diameter of the piles used was greater than those in the original designs as a result of changes to the building requirements. Foundations, therefore, had to be tailored according to existing pile locations. The plot is 49,000 m2 (530,000 sq ft) and the building occupies 20,000 m2 (220,000 sq ft) and consists of six above ground floors along with two basement floors. See also List of hotels in Dubai References
Hamad Aquatic Centre

Hamad Aquatic Centre is the largest Aquatic Center in the Middle East, located in Doha, Qatar. The centre is housed in the Doha Sports City complex along with other buildings dedicated to sports in Qatar including the Qatar Olympic and Sports Museum, the Aspire Tower, Khalifa International Stadium, and a training school called Aspire Academy. It is three stories tall and is equipped to host events in swimming, synchronized swimming, and diving. The centre is currently operated by Vortex Aquatics. Technical features A main three-story-tall building contains two diving pools as well as two Olympic-size swimming pools and has a seating capacity of over 2,000. Notable events Asian Games: 2006 FINA Swimming World Cup: 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021 Pan Arab Games: 2011 West Asian Games: 2005 World Swimming Championships: 2014 Recognition In November 2021, ESPN mentioned Hamad Aquatic Centre in a published article noting the diversity of sporting venues and sports culture in Doha. Controversy The Centre was the focus of controversy in October 2013. That month, Israeli swimmer Amit Ivry finished 2nd and won a silver medal in the women's 100 meter mixed individual medley at the FINA Swimming World Cup in swimming at the Centre, breaking the Israeli national record at 58.43 seconds. The Israeli flag was removed from outside the Centre at the FINA event, however. Furthermore, after Guy Barnea won a 200-meter butterfly heat, he posted a screenshot of a broadcast to Facebook in which the Israeli flag was displayed without the Star of David. However, subsequent footage of the event released after Barnea's post revealed that the broadcast did not omit the Star of David. The FINA Code of Ethics states that Fédération Internationale de Natation tournaments must have: “no discrimination on the basis of .. race, religion, or political opinion.” References
Vodeni centar Hamad

Vodeni centar Hamad je veliki bazenski kompleks u glavnom katarskom gradu Dohi. Kada je Katar 2006. bio domaćin Azijskih igara u ovome bazenskom kompleksu su se održavali sportski susreti iz vodenih sportova. Vodeni centar Hamad je dio kompleksa Doha Sports City koji uključuje Međunarodni stadion Khalifa, Aspire Dome te Aspire Tower.
Al-Qunfudha

Al-Qunfudha o al-Kunfudha (àrab: القنفذة, al-Qunfuḏa), també Kunfudhah o Qunfudhah, o encara Kunfudah o Qunfudah, és una ciutat i port de la costa occidental de l'Aràbia Saudita, a la mar Roja, a la desembocadura del wadi Kanawna, a 75 km al nord d'Haly. La ciutat vella formava un quadrilàter rodejat d'un mur amb torres de fortificació, i amb tres portes. Prop del port hi havia el bazar i els principals edificis de pedra antics. Les mesquites tradicionals estan també en aquesta zona entre elles la principal de la ciutat; els minarets no són gaire alts. A un illot davant el port a uns 400 metres, hi ha un antic castell que fou residència dels xerifs de la Meca en les seves estades a la ciutat. L'expansió moderna ha permès la creació d'hospital, col·legis i altres serveis a la ciutat, que s'ha expandit però resta una ciutat relativament petita. El 2010 el govern van anunciar la construcció d'un nou aeroport a Djabal Murshid al sud-est de la ciutat. La platja de Qunfudha gaudeix de certa fama. El 1882 tenia una població d'unes 2000 persones i el 1920 eren unes deu mil. El port estava en part tancat per bancs d'arena de manera que només hi podien accedir el vaixells àrabs mitjans, però s'utilitzava bastant pel pelegrinatge, junt amb el d'al-Lith una mica més al nord, i per aquest port s'exportava la mirra recollida a la regió d'Asir. Fins al segle xix fou un concorregut port d'esclaus. Història La ciutat és antiga i està situada a l'antic país dels Debes, regió que Plini esmenta com Canauna (moderna Kanawna, del nom del uadi que passa per la ciutat). Podria ser la Tebaiòpolis de Claudi Ptolemeu. Després desapareix durant segles i apareix esmentada pels portuguesos al segle xvi com Cunfutá. El segle xviii pertanyia a l'imam de Sanà i va tenir certa importància pel comerç del cafè, ja que aquí es pagava l'impost pels vaixells que anaven del Iemen a Jeddah. El territori entre Jeddah i Haly va caure en mans del xerif de la Meca el 1772. Muhammad Ali d'Egipte al segle xix la va convertir en base per les seves operacions militars a l'Aràbia interior i l'Asir. L'oficial georgià Mehmed Agha Türkče Bilmez es va revoltar contra el governador egipci de l'Hijaz, Ahmad Pasha (1832-1833) i va ocupar al-Qunfudha (1832), Abu Arish, al-Hudayda i Mokha (1833), però finalment fou derrotat i la revolta reprimida. El 1870 els turcs la van utilitzar com a base per les seves operacions a l'Asir i fou un kada (districte) del sandjak d'Asir. Els otomans van comunicar la ciutat per telègraf amb Jeddah al nord i Luhayya, al-Hudayda i Sana al sud. El 1916 el districte va quedar en poder del rebels àrabs manats per Abd Allah, fill del xerif al-Husayn II ibn Ali i els turcs van pedre al-Qunfudha el setembre al mateix temps que Taif. Fou ocupada pel Nedjd el 1925 i formà part després del regne de Hijaz i Nedjed rebatejat regne de l'Aràbia Saudita. Bibliografia Admiralty Handbook, Western Arabia and the Red Sea, Londres 1946 R. B. Winder, Saudi Arabaia in the nineteenh century, Londres 1965 Plantilla:Cal foto gro
Al Qunfudhah

Al Qunfudhah (Arabic: ٱلْقُنْفُذَة, romanized: Al-Qunfuḏah), also known as Kunfuda, is a Saudi city in the region of the Tihamah on the coast of the Red Sea. Its population is the fourth largest in Makkah Province. the area of the governate is estimated at 5,195 km2. History The Ottoman Empire and Kingdom of Italy fought a naval battle off the coast of Al Qunfudhah in 1912. The governor of the Yemen vilayet fled to Al Qunfudhah in July 1914, due to the strength of al-Idrisi's army. Arabs forces took control of the city during the Arab Revolt in 1916. Geography and climate Al Qunfudhah has a hot desert climate (BWh) according to the Köppen climate classification. The city has a long summer from March until end October, then a short fall 4 weeks after that a winter or spring that what locals of Al Qunfudhah prefer to call it from November until February. Population The population of Al Qunfudhah is 205,188 people divided between urban and coastal villages and abandonment, representing about 2.7% of the population of the province, which comes in fourth place of the region after the province of Taif in terms of population from the year 2022 according to the 2022 census. Jeddah Population 3,751,722 people. Mekkah Population 2,427,924 people. Al Ta'if Population 913,374 people. AL Qunfudhah Population 205,188 people. Universities and academic centers Umm Al-Qura University ( Al Qunfudhah branch) Al Qunfudhah Secondary Industrial Institute Scientific Institute of Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University ( Al Qunfudhah branch). Regional airport On 5 December 2018, Prince Khalid Al-Faisal the foundation stone for Al Qunfudhah airport. The 24 million square metre airport will provide serves to three regions, seven governorates, and 50 administrative centres. The airport will officially open in 2021. In 2019 an agreement to establish the airport was signed between the General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA) and Nesma and Partners Contracting Company. The airport that will have the capacity to accommodate half a million passengers costs a total amount of SR840 million. See also List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia References Works cited External links
Эль-Кунфида

Эль-Кунфида (араб. القنفذة‎) — город, расположенный на крайнем юге округа Мекка (Саудовская Аравия); крупный порт; курорт. Население — 185 000 человек (на 2010 год). География Город расположен в регионе Тихама на берегу одноименного залива Красного моря на национальном шоссе 5 (прибрежная дорога Хакль — Ахад-эль-Масариха). В Эль-Баха расположен ближайший к городу гражданский аэропорт, а юго-восточнее расположен аэропорт Quz South. У города расположены сельские поселения. Ссылки Governor of Al Qunfudhah is promoted to the 15th degree (англ.). Al Riyadh (19 ноября 2012). Дата обращения: 21 апреля 2013.
Ель-Кунфіда

Ель-Кунфіда (араб. القنفذة) — місто, розташоване на крайньому півдні округу Мекка (Саудівська Аравія); великий порт; курорт. Населення — 185 000 чоловік (на 2010 рік). Географія Місто розташоване в регіоні Tihamah на березі однойменної затоки Червоного моря на національному шосе 5 (прибережна дорога Haql — Ahad Al Masarihah). В Ель-Басі розташований найближчий до міста цивільний аеропорт, а на південний схід розташований аеропорт Quz South. У міста розташовані сільські поселення. Джерела Посилання Загальна інформація про Янбу-ель-Бахр(англ.) Королівська комісія про Янбу-ель-Бахр [Архівовано 16 жовтня 2012 у Wayback Machine.] (англ.)
Sudair Industrial City

Sudair Industrial City is a Saudi Arabian planned city of 258 square kilometres, strategically positioned and located approximately 120 km from Riyadh and 160 km from Al-Qassim. The land is surrounded by over 30 small cities and villages whose combined population exceeds 100,000. The infrastructure works started in 2009. Location It is located directly on the road linking Riyadh city with northern part of Saudi Arabia which is connected with road network. In addition to that, Riyadh Airport is closely adjacent to the site. The establishment of the dry port in the Sudair city is also planned, as well as the privilege of the presence of the South – North land railway which links the central part of Saudi Arabia, including the Southern part of Riyadh, with the Northern boundaries of the Kingdom. The type of industries will mostly consist of light-to-medium and the master plan will indicate where the relevant industries should be located. The target industries identified with Sudair are in alignment with all the current initiatives under way in KSA and with the National Industrial Strategy for Saudi Arabia. It is envisioned that Sudair will serve as a complementary location to economic cities being planned due to its central location and proximity to the capital. The basic zoning concept has the site divided into predominantly two areas: residential and industrial. See also Saudi Industrial Property Authority Sudair Solar PV Project External links http://www.modon.gov.sa/en/IndustrialCities/IndustrialCitiesDirectory/IndustrialCities/Pages/Sudair.aspx http://www.sudair.com References