NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Nottingham Castle

Nottingham Castle är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i kommunen City of Nottingham och riksdelen England, i den sydöstra delen av landet, 170 km norr om huvudstaden London. Nottingham Castle ligger 52 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Nottingham Castle är platt, och sluttar söderut. Närmaste större samhälle är Nottingham, 0,50 km nordost om Nottingham Castle. Trakten runt Nottingham Castle består till största delen av jordbruksmark. Kommentarer Källor Externa länkar Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Nottingham Castle.
Helmsley Bridge

Helmsley Bridge, sometimes known as Rye Bridge, is a historic bridge in Helmsley, a town in North Yorkshire, in England. The bridge carries the A170 road over the River Rye, just below the mouth of the Borough Beck. It was constructed in the Mediaeval period, perhaps in the 14th century, and probably for Rievaulx Abbey. It is the oldest surviving bridge over the Rye, but was largely rebuilt in the late 18th century. The parapet may have been rebuilt, and it was repaired in 2023. It is a scheduled monument and has been a grade II listed building since 1955. The bridge is built of sandstone and has two arches, one 37 feet (11 m) wide and the other only 23 feet (7.0 m) wide. Each has double arch rings, and they have buttresses between them. The bridge was originally about 12 feet (3.7 m) across, with pointed arches, but was later widened upstream, with round arches, to a total breadth of 20 feet (6.1 m). The bridge has a band, a parapet and coping. See also Listed buildings in Helmsley References
Rothwell Castle

Rothwell Castle är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i distriktet Leeds i grevskapet West Yorkshire i riksdelen England, i den centrala delen av landet, 260 km norr om huvudstaden London. Rothwell Castle ligger 40 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Rothwell Castle är platt. Närmaste större samhälle är Leeds, 6,8 km nordväst om Rothwell Castle. Runt Rothwell Castle är det i huvudsak tätbebyggt. Kommentarer Källor
Pont de Wetherby

Le Pont de Wetherby (Anglais Wetherby Bridge) est un pont situé sur la rivière Wharfe. Il relie les villes de Wetherby et Micklethwaite, dans le Yorkshire de l'Ouest, nord de l'Angleterre. Dates Le pont d'origine remonte au XIIIe siècle. Les dates de pont actuelles du XVIIe siècle et a été élargi à deux reprises. Le pont était la seule rivière qui traverse à Wetherby jusqu'à ce que les années 1950. Le pont a été peint par J.M.W. Turner en 1816. Liens externes Ressource relative à l'architecture : National Heritage List for England Portail des ponts Portail du Yorkshire
Vandalian Tower

The Vandalian Tower at Harting, West Sussex, England, is an 18th-century folly, built to commemorate the British colony of Vandalia, a short-lived colony that disappeared with the spread of America. It sits on the summit of Tower Hill. Today the ruin is owned by the descendants of the Fetherstonhaugh family who bought the neighbouring estate of Uppark, now owned by the National Trust. It was listed as a scheduled monument in 1976. History The tower was built in 1774, designed by English architect Henry Keene for Sir Matthew Fetherstonhaugh, to celebrate the founding of the colony of Vandalia. The tower was quickly abandoned, possibly out of embarrassment of the failure of Vandalia. In the late 18th century, Emma Hamilton is said to have frequently watched, from the tower, for Lord Nelson's ship arriving. This led to it being referred to by locals as “Lady Hamilton’s Folly,” The tower was partly destroyed by fire in 1842 and the ruins were stabilised in 1982. Gallery References
Folkingham Castle

Folkingham Castle is located near the village of Folkingham, Lincolnshire, England. The castle was the caput baroniae of the barony of Folkingham. A motte-and-bailey castle was constructed around the late 11th century by Gilbert de Gant, a Flemish soldier in William the Conqueror’s retinue. After the death of his descendant Gilbert de Gaunt, Baron Gaunt in 1297 without issue, the castle passed to the crown. The castle was then granted to Henry de Beaumont. Edward II, granted Henry a licence to crenellate the castle in 1312. The rectangular inner bailey, surrounded by a moat, with a larger outer bailey, is probably attributable to the Beaumont family. During the 19th century a correction house was built inside the castle. This house was demolished in the 1950s. References Osborne, Mike. Defending Lincolnshire: A Military History from Conquest to Cold War. The History Press, 2010.
Folkingham Castle

Folkingham Castle är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i grevskapet Lincolnshire och riksdelen England, i den sydöstra delen av landet, 150 km norr om huvudstaden London. Folkingham Castle ligger 33 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Folkingham Castle är platt, och sluttar brant österut. Närmaste större samhälle är Sleaford, 12,2 km norr om Folkingham Castle. Trakten runt Folkingham Castle består till största delen av jordbruksmark. Kommentarer Källor
Trencrom Hill

Trencrom Hill (or Trecrobben) is a prominent hill fort, owned by the National Trust, near Lelant, Cornwall. It is crowned by an univallate Neolithic tor enclosure and was re-used as a hillfort in the Iron Age. Cairns or hut circles can be seen in the level area enclosed by the stone and earth banks. The hill overlooks the Hayle Estuary and river, and Mount's Bay and St Michael's Mount can be seen to the south. The hill was recorded as Torcrobm in 1758 which is derived from Cornish "torr crobm", i.e. 'hunched bulge'. Trink lies one kilometre to the north west. National Trust Trencrom Hill was acquired by the National Trust as freehold on 8 August 1946 from Lieutenant Colonel G L Tyringham. The freehold was 25.568 hectares (63.18 acres). On ascending the hill from the north side there is a plaque in situ in the rock facing the path. It reads: "This property was presented to the National Trust by Lt Col C L Tyringham, of Trevethoe in March 1946 & at his wish is to be regarded as a memorial to the men and women of Cornwall, who gave their lives in the service of their country during the two world wars. 1914 – 1918, 1939 – 1945" The well on the west side of the ramparts of the hill fort is known as the Giant's Well. James Halliwell-Phillipps mentioned it in 1861 in Rambles in Western Cornwall, "Outside the vallum at Trecrobben, or, as it is called by the rustics, Trancrom, is the Giant's Well". The well low down on the eastern flank of the hill is not the Giant's Well and is a disused shaft of the Praed Consols (Wheal Cherry/New Trencrom) sett, which was used as a well after the mine had flooded. Mining The sett (area) of Wheal Cherry (later known as New Trencrom Mine and Mount Lane Mine) included the summit of Trencrom Hill. Trencrom is within the granite and the sett also covered the metamorphosed killas to the east. Wheal Cherry seems to have been short-lived with £2,293 spent on the erection of a 24-inch pumping engine and 24 inch whim with stamps in 1857/58 and by September 1858 the sett and materials being offered for sale. The sale notice stated that Wheal Cherry was ″a valuable property″. There was another attempt at the start of the 20th century by the Gerry Brothers of Lelant and after five years they sold their interest in 1907. At this time a new shaft was being sunk on the eastern slope and at a depth of 7 fathoms (42 ft; 13 m) found a 2 feet (0.61 m) wide lode which yielded 60 pounds (27 kg) of black tin to the ton. Work was still continuing on Wheal Cherry in 1916. A further attempt in 1943 at the mine, now known as the Mount Lane Mine was unsuccessful. A survey in January 1996 found small scale quarrying, mostly post-medieval using drills but in some cases using wedges which may be earlier. Large parts of the granite summit have been levelled and a paved track was probably used to transport stone from the quarry face on carts. Mythology Trecobben, the giant of Trencrom, was supposed to have killed Cormelian (wife of Cormoran) by throwing a hammer across to St Michael's Mount. References External links
Fishmongers' Hall

Fishmongers' Hall (sometimes shortened in common parlance to Fish Hall) is a Grade II* listed building adjacent to London Bridge. It is the headquarters of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers, one of the 114 livery companies of the City of London. The Hall is situated in Bridge ward. The buildings The first recorded Fishmongers' Hall was built in 1310. A new hall, on the present site, was bequeathed to the Company in 1434. Together with 43 other livery halls, it was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and a replacement hall designed by the architect Edward Jerman opened in 1671. This hall by Jerman was demolished to facilitate the construction of the new London Bridge in 1827. The Fishmongers' fourth hall was designed by Henry Roberts (although his assistant, later the celebrated Sir Gilbert Scott, made the drawings) and built by William Cubitt & Company, opening in 1834. After severe bomb damage during the Blitz, Fishmongers' Hall was restored by Austen Hall (of Whinney, Son & Austen Hall) and reopened in 1951. The contents The collection in Fishmongers' Hall includes: the 1955 portrait of Queen Elizabeth II by Pietro Annigoni a collection of 17th- and 18th-century silver an embroidered 15th-century funeral pall two portraits by George Romney river scenes painted by Samuel Scott The hall also holds a dagger that at one time was popularly believed to have been used by Lord Mayor Walworth to kill Wat Tyler in 1381, and was said to have been given to the City armoury by the king. However, there was no foundation to this legend, as the weapon was in the armoury long beforehand where it was used to represent the sword of St Paul. 2019 stabbing On 29 November 2019, Usman Khan, a prisoner attending a Cambridge University conference on prisoner rehabilitation at the hall, wearing what turned out to be a fake suicide vest, threatened to blow up the hall. He subsequently stabbed a number of people in the hall, and two of them – Jack Merritt, a 25-year-old Cambridge University employee, and Saskia Jones, a 23-year-old volunteer – died of their injuries. Khan was wrestled to the ground on the bridge by members of the public, before being shot dead by armed policemen; a Polish man used a pole as a weapon to fight off the attacker, while another man used a narwhal tusk which he had taken from the wall inside Fishmongers' Hall. References External links Official website
Fishmongers' Hall

Fishmongers' Hall est un bâtiment classé au grade II * situé à London Bridge, dans la City de Londres. C'est le siège de la Worshipful Company of Fishmongers, l'une des sociétés de livraisons de la City de Londres. Histoire Le hall de la société à Londres est connu sous le nom de Fishmongers' Hall (parfois abrégé dans le langage courant en Fish Hall); sa première salle enregistrée a été construite en 1310. Une nouvelle salle, sur le site actuel, a été léguée à la Société en 1434. Avec 16 autres halls de Livery, celui-ci fut détruit lors du grand incendie de Londres en 1666 et un hall de remplacement conçu par l'architecte Edward Jerman fut inauguré en 1671. Cette salle de Jerman fut démolie pour faciliter la construction du nouveau pont de Londres en 1827. La salle suivante des poissonniers a été conçue par Henry Roberts (bien que son assistant, plus tard le célèbre George Gilbert Scott, ait dessiné les dessins) et construite en 1834 dans le style néoclassique. Après avoir subi de graves dommages pendant les bombardements du Blitz, la bâtisse a été restaurée et rouverte en 1951. Description Fishmongers' Hall renferme de nombreux trésors, notamment le poignard avec lequel le Lord Maire Walworth a tué Wat Tyler en 1381, le portrait de la reine Elizabeth II datant de 1955 et réalisé par Piero Annigoni ainsi qu'une impressionnante collection d'argenterie des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, deux portraits de George Romney et des scènes de rivière peintes par Samuel Scott. Le hall est situé dans Bridge Ward sur London Bridge. Références Liens externes Site officiel Portail de Londres Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme Portail des monuments classés au Royaume-Uni
Steinkreis von Yockenthwaite

Der bronzezeitliche Steinkreis von Yockenthwaite liegt in Yockenthwaite, nordwestlich von Kettlewell, im Westen von North Yorkshire in England. Lage und Größe Der Ring liegt am Nordufer des Oberlaufs des Wharfe, eines Flusses in den Yorkshire Dales, der für die prähistorischen Bewohner bedeutsam war. Der Dales Way, ein Fernwanderweg durch das Wharfe-Tal, führt am Steinkreis vorbei. Der Ring ist leicht oval und mit 7,0 auf 6,5 m Durchmesser relativ klein. Er besteht aus 24 Steinen mit den Überresten eines äußeren Kreissegments im Nordwesten und Lücken im Nord- und Südosten, wo Steine fehlen. Die massiven Kreissteine sind meist nicht höher als einen halben Meter. Eine Outlier liegt etwa 6 Meter nach Südosten, weitere Steine befinden sich weiter im Westen. Deutung Der Kreis ist vermutlich ein Steinkreis im spezielleren Sinne, also ein eigenständiges Objekt und nicht lediglich eine Einfassung für etwas Innenliegendes. Es könnte sich allerdings auch um den Überrest der Einfassung eines Ring Cairns handeln. Literatur Aubrey Burl: A Guide to the Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland and Brittany. University Press, London 2005, ISBN 978-0-300-11406-5 (EA New Haven 1995) Weblinks Beschreibung engl. und Bilder
Maiden Castle, Durham

Maiden Castle is an Iron Age promontory fort in Durham, England. It is listed as a scheduled monument. Location The Victoria County History describes the location of the fort as follows: This is a lofty promontory of great natural strength, to the east of the city [of Durham], and approached from the west side. The north, south and east slopes are very steep, especially the last, which rises about 100 feet above the river Wear An earlier description gives more detail: On the right and left the steep sides of the mount are covered with a thick forest of oaks: The crown of the mount consists of a level area or plain, forty paces wide on the summit of the scar, in the front or north east side, one hundred and sixty paces long on the left-hand side, and one hundred and seventy paces on the right. The approach is easy on the land side, from the south-west, fortified with a ditch and breast work: The entrance or passage over the ditch is not in the middle, but made to correspond with the natural rise of the outward ground ... The ditch is twelve paces wide, and runs with a little curvature to each edge of the slope, ... on one hand being fifty paces in length, and the other eighty paces. After passing the ditch there is a level parade or platform, twenty paces wide, and then a high earth fence, now nine feet perpendicular ... A breast work has run from the earth fence on each hand along the brink of the hill, to the edge of the cliff or scar. The earth fence closes the whole neck of land, and is in length one hundred paces, forming the south-west side of the area. Although the river Wear now touches the site only on one side, the local topography suggests that the site may have been chosen because, at that time, the river enclosed it on three sides, the river having since adopted a more easterly course across its floodplain. Structure Although the entire site has been overgrown with trees for over a century, there are remains of earthworks at the western end. Here, where the land is level, a bank and outer ditch were constructed, enclosing a wedge-shaped area which is 120 metres wide at the western end, narrowing to 50 m at the eastern end, and extending 145 m from east to west. The bank is about 6 m wide and 5 m high. The ditch, which is located rather more than 20 m west of the bank, has a maximum depth of about 2 m. It is not certain where the entrance to the fort was located. It may have been at the northern end, where there is a gap in the ditch, or at the extreme southern end, but the area has been disturbed by landscaping, making interpretation difficult. Only limited excavation has been carried out on the site, but there is some evidence that the interior of the bank was strengthened with a stone wall; the excavation unearthed at least one stone bearing a stonemason's mark, which dates the work to the Middle Ages. Origin of the name The name "maiden" probably means a "fortification that looks impregnable" or one that has never been taken in battle. Alternatively, Maiden Castle comes from the Brythonic *moe din meaning 'grassy plain'. References
Maiden Castle Fort

Maiden Castle Fort är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i kommunen Durham i riksdelen England, i den centrala delen av landet, 400 km norr om huvudstaden London. Maiden Castle Fort ligger 76 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Maiden Castle Fort är platt. Närmaste större samhälle är Sunderland, 18,9 km nordost om Maiden Castle Fort. Omgivningarna runt Maiden Castle Fort är en mosaik av jordbruksmark och naturlig växtlighet. Kommentarer Källor
Belsar's Hill

Belsar's Hill is a hillfort near Willingham, Cambridgeshire, England. Description Belsar's Hill is an oval-shaped area, 265–220 metres (869–722 ft), enclosing 6 acres (24,000 m2). At the time of its construction, it would have constituted an island of firm soil surrounded by waterlogged fens. The defences are believed to have consisted of a single 10–15 metres (33–49 ft) wide, 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) ditch, and a rampart on a 2–4 metres (6.6–13.1 ft) high bank. The hill was situated along the Aldreth Causeway, and is transected by a 19th-century track, believed to be a redirection of the original Causeway. History The location of the fortification, on the boundary between the tribal lands of the Iceni and Catuvellauni, and a similarity to other Iron Age hillforts such as Arbury Banks or Wandlebury, suggests an Iron Age provenance. It is believed that the structure was reoccupied during the Norman Conquest. During this time period the Norman forces were combating a local revolt under Hereward the Wake, and the hillfort would have been strategically located on the Aldreth Causeway, the main road to Ely. A postulated name of "Belassise", from the Old French "bel assis" (meaning well seated/placed), also suggests a Norman link. An alternative suggested etymology, stemming from the Norman general named "Belasius", also suggests Norman involvement. The importance of this location in the defence of Ely has led some to suggest that the ringfort may have been the Castle of Aldreth. According to the recorded history of the revolt led by Hereward the Wake at the turn of the 11th century, Hereward's troops retreated to the Isle of Ely, surrounded by fenland which was impassable to the Norman cavalry. An attempt was made to build a mile-long causeway, but the weight of the Norman armour caused the causeway to sink. Eventually, the Norman troops bribed a local monk to show them a safe passage across the fen. See also Hereward the Wake List of hillforts in England References
Belsars Hill

Belsars Hill är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i grevskapet Cambridgeshire och riksdelen England, i den sydöstra delen av landet, 90 km norr om huvudstaden London. Belsars Hill ligger 6 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Belsars Hill är mycket platt. Närmaste större samhälle är Cambridge, 12,6 km söder om Belsars Hill. Trakten runt Belsars Hill består till största delen av jordbruksmark. Kommentarer Källor
Stone Bridge, Chelmsford

The current Stone Bridge in Chelmsford, Essex, England, was commissioned in 1784 by the Essex Court of Quarter Sessions, who had responsibility for the crossing. The work was entrusted to John Johnson, the county surveyor for Essex from 1782 to 1812. The first stone was laid on 5 October 1785, with a temporary bridge slightly down river allowing a crossing while the work was undertaken. Stone was brought by sea from Dorset to Maldon and then transferred to carts to be taken through Danbury before reaching Chelmsford. It became a Grade II listed structure in 1949. References
Kirkham Bridge

Kirkham Bridge is a historic structure in Kirkham, North Yorkshire, a village in England. A bridge over the River Derwent at the site was first recorded in 1444, and was also mentioned by John Leland. The current bridge was built in 1806, to a design by John Carr, perhaps including some earlier work in the north arch. The structure was Grade II listed in 1966. In 2014, the parapet was damaged by a heavy goods vehicle, and such vehicles were later banned from using the bridge until it was repaired and resurfaced, in 2018. The bridge is built of gritstone, and consists of one pointed arch and two segmental arches. It has cutwaters rising to refuges on the road, a band and a chamfered parapet. It spans a total of 40 yards (37 m) and is 11 feet (3.4 m) wide. See also Listed buildings in Westow References
Bourn Windmill

Bourn Windmill – wiatrak we wschodniej Anglii (Wielka Brytania), w hrabstwie Cambridgeshire, położony pomiędzy wsiami Caxton i Bourn. Jeden z najstarszych zachowanych wiatraków na terenie Anglii. Wzniesiony przed 1636 rokiem, wykorzystywany był jako młyn zbożowy do roku 1925 roku. Wpisany jest do rejestru zabytkowych budynków jako obiekt klasy I (najwyższej), objęty jest ochroną również jako zabytek archeologiczny (scheduled monument). Budynek znajduje się na publicznie dostępnym terenie, a jego wnętrze udostępniane jest do zwiedzania przez kilka dni w roku. Właścicielem obiektu jest lokalna organizacja non-profit Cambridge Past, Present and Future. Historia Nieznana jest data budowy wiatraka. Najstarsza wzmianka na jego temat pojawiła się w akcie własności, który wskazuje, że budynek zmienił właściciela w 1636 roku. Prawdopodobnie został wzniesiony na początku XVII wieku. Datowanie dębowego słupa, do którego zamocowany jest korpus wiatraka, sugeruje, że budowla mogła powstać już w pierwszej połowie XVI wieku. Byłby to wówczas najstarszy zachowany wiatrak w Anglii – starszy od wiatraków w pobliskim Great Gransden (zbudowany ok. 1612) oraz Pitstone (1627). Wiatrak był naprawiany bądź przebudowywany w latach 1742, 1758 i 1874. Zasadniczo zachował on swoją pierwotną formę, która przypomina wiatraki średniowieczne. Budowla funkcjonowała jako młyn zbożowy do 1925 roku, kiedy to nawałnica zniszczyła jego skrzydła. Od 1931 roku prowadzone są działania na rzecz jego konserwacji. W 1932 roku budynek zakupiła organizacja Cambridgeshire Preservation Society (obecnie pod nazwą Cambridge Past, Present and Future). W 2020 roku odkryto daleko posunięte spróchnienie belek tworzących kozioł, grożące zawaleniem wiatraka. Ich wymianę, sfinansowaną m.in. z grantów National Lottery Heritage Fund, Historic England i Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, zakończono w 2023 roku. Opis Wiatrak położony jest na obrzeżu wsi Caxton, przy drodze prowadzącej do pobliskiego Bourn. Jest to wiatrak kozłowy – o ruchomym korpusie zamocowanym do słupa stanowiącego oś obrotu, jeden z około 50 tego typu wiatraków na terenie Wielkiej Brytanii. Wiatrak ma konstrukcję drewnianą. Kozioł wykonany z belek dębowych jest nieosłonięty (jeden z siedmiu wiatraków o takiej konstrukcji w kraju), spoczywa na fundamentach ceglanych. Do obracania budowli w stronę wiejącego wiatraku służy drąg drewniany, obsługiwany przez 2–3 osoby. Śmigło o czterech skrzydłach współcześnie nie jest podłączone do mechanizmu młynarskiego. Przypisy