Old Swinford Hospital

Old Swinford Hospital is a voluntary aided state boarding and day school in Oldswinford, Stourbridge, in the West Midlands of England. It was founded by the ironmaster Thomas Foley—the traditional date of 1667 marking the start of building—and admitted its first pupils in 1670; it has operated continuously since. It is one of a small number of state boarding schools in England, where the state meets the cost of education and parents pay only for boarding. The school was established as a charitable "hospital"—in the 17th-century sense of an institution for the poor rather than the sick—to clothe, board and educate 60 boys from poor families in Worcestershire and Staffordshire, and was historically known as Foley's Blue Coat School. For some two centuries its defining purpose was to place its boys in apprenticeships, each leaving at fourteen with a blue coat, a Bible and a premium paid to his master, and pupils wore the blue coat of the 17th-century apprentice until 1929. After a period of severe decline in the first half of the 20th century, the school became a voluntary aided school in 1950 and was rebuilt around a residential and academic model in the following decades. It was among the first schools in the country to adopt grant-maintained status in September 1989, admitted girls to the sixth form from 2004, and became fully coeducational in 2021. The original foundation building, now known as Founders, is a red-brick building of the late 17th century, listed at Grade II* and by tradition attributed to Christopher Wren, although the attribution is unproven. Much of the school's teaching now takes place at Swinford Court, the adjacent former Stourbridge College site on Hagley Road purchased in 2020—land that had belonged to the founding charity until the 1950s. History Foundation Old Swinford Hospital was founded by Thomas Foley, an ironmaster, Member of Parliament and prominent landowner whose principal estate was at Great Witley in Worcestershire but who had strong connections with Stourbridge. By tradition Foley was moved to establish the school by a sermon that Richard Baxter preached at the Worcester Assizes in 1655 on the right use of wealth, and after the Restoration he pursued the project in earnest, sending representatives to study existing charitable institutions including Queen Elizabeth's Hospital in Bristol, Chetham's Hospital in Manchester and the almshouse at Abingdon. Foley's rules, set out in his own hand, restricted the foundation to boys from "poor but honest" families who through poverty would not otherwise be educated; no boy was eligible whose parents had ever received parish relief, and the school was aimed at the children of hard-working craftsmen such as blacksmiths, wheelwrights and nailmakers. The foundation maintained 60 boys: 14 "choice" boys named by the founder and his heirs, and 46 "parish" boys nominated by the ministers, churchwardens and overseers of some twenty-one parishes in the Stourbridge district and the surrounding Black Country, including Dudley, Wednesbury, West Bromwich and Kidderminster. Boys were admitted between the ages of seven and eleven, had to be free of infection and members of the Church of England, and were to be apprenticed at fourteen on a form of indenture set out in the founder's will. The first cohort was entered in the school's register in 1670, and Foley named the institution the Hospital, or New School, in Stourbridge. In the 17th century a "hospital" was a charitable institution for the poor—the educational type, as distinct from those for the sick or the elderly—and the school has retained the historic name to the present day. The school's motto, Ut prosim, vince malum bono ("That I may serve; overcome evil with good"), takes its second clause from Romans 12:21. To govern the foundation Foley named feoffees from leading Worcestershire families, among them his three sons Thomas, Philip and Paul; their descendants have retained three hereditary places on the board ever since, and the feoffees—fifteen in number—continue to administer the charity. The apprenticeship system From the outset the school's defining purpose was to place its pupils in apprenticeships, and for much of its history its character was shaped by that aim. Boys left at fourteen with a blue coat, a Bible and a premium paid to the master—originally £4, later £10—on an indenture whose form the founder had set out in his will, and no indenture could be reassigned without the feoffees' consent. A £15 gratuity awarded between 1816 and 1835 to apprentices of good character was discontinued after a series of fraudulent testimonials. Of the first 200 apprentices about a quarter became tailors or shoemakers and only a few entered the iron trades; a century later the destinations had shifted toward Birmingham and Wolverhampton and the wider range of small Black Country crafts. From the late 1870s the system declined as old-style apprenticeship gave way to unindentured posts on the railways and in local works, and despite reforms to the premium scheme in 1902 more boys were leaving unapprenticed than indentured by the early 20th century. Growth in the 19th century Enrolment grew steadily through the 19th century, from the foundation's 60 boys to 70 by 1820, 80 by 1834, and 120 by 1862, reaching 160 by 1883 under the headmastership of W. J. Maybury. The growth prompted a programme of new building: the Barn Block dormitory of 1834 accommodated 50 boys, Maybury House followed the expansion of the 1860s, and a sanatorium—later Foster House—was added in the 1870s. The curriculum, originally confined to the catechism, reading, writing and accounts in preparation for apprenticeship, broadened to include history and geography in the 1830s and drawing from 1848. Decline and revival (1900–1978) The collapse of the apprenticeship system removed the school's original purpose, and the first half of the 20th century brought a long decline: by 1947 the roll had fallen to just 42 boys. In 1950 the foundation entered the state system as a voluntary aided school, securing public funding for education while the feoffees retained the buildings and endowment. Stone retired in December 1950 after twenty-three years in office, having carried the school through the war years largely single-handed. Revival followed under his successor Lawrence Sheppard, who reoriented the school as a residential technical school and encouraged pupils to stay on for external examinations. A sixth form developed in the mid-1950s and the school's first Advanced Level passes were gained in 1956; by the autumn of 1957 the roll had recovered to 296 boys, and Sheppard told the school's prize-giving that year that the previous year had shown a demand for sixth-form work which the school had the resources to meet. Boarding numbers recovered to a peak of about 250 in the early 1970s. Expansion and grant-maintained status (1978–2001) The expansion was led by Christopher Potter, headmaster from 1978 to 2001, a Trinity College, Cambridge classicist later appointed OBE. Potter inherited a school in renewed difficulty, with boarding numbers around 150 and a sixth form of under 50, and from 1979 drove an expansion that took the roll to more than 500, funded principally by fee-paying boarders and accompanied by a sustained programme of boarding house construction: Witley House was opened by the Duchess of Gloucester in 1983, four further houses were built over the following decade, and the last of them, Baxter House—named after the preacher Richard Baxter, whose portrait was unveiled inside—was completed in about 1991 and formally opened by the Duchess on a return visit in January 1994. The school's own annual lists record the resulting change in the boarding structure: in September 1982 boarders were organised in six houses—Maybury, Founders, Foster, Foley, Prospect and Chance—whereas by September 1989 there were eight boarding communities, Witley, Dudley and Hanbury having been added, Chance having become a day house alongside Stone, and the newly constituted Baxter house operating with its members accommodated across the other houses pending the completion of its own building. In September 1989 Old Swinford Hospital became one of the first schools in England to take up grant-maintained status, moving out of local authority control and managing its own affairs; its proposals were published on 28 February 1989, approved on 2 June 1989, and implemented on 1 September 1989, in the first tranche of conversions nationally. Conversion raised the school's budget by about £160,000 to more than £1 million; the local authority protested the increase, while Potter characterised it as the school's own share of funding previously retained centrally for administration, now passed directly to the school. During the 1990s the school ranked at or near the top of the national examination tables for non-selective schools, a record Potter attributed to the autonomy of grant-maintained status. Recent history Grant-maintained status was abolished by the Labour government in 1998, after which the school continued as a voluntary aided foundation. In September 2004, after education ministers approved the change and a final legal hurdle was cleared that January, the school—by then the Black Country's last remaining all-boys school—admitted girls for the first time in 337 years, with 44 girls joining the sixth form as day pupils under the headmaster Melvyn Roffe. It was designated a Business and Enterprise College in the same year. The school subsequently acquired the former Stourbridge College site on Hagley Road from BMet for £3.55 million, in a sale completed on 1 April 2020, providing additional teaching accommodation later known as Swinford Court; the land had originally belonged to the founding charity, which had sold it off in the 1950s. In May 2020, following a public consultation, Dudley Council gave final approval for the school to admit girls from the age of eleven, the additional capacity afforded by the college site purchase having made the change possible; the chairman of the governors and feoffees said the new facilities would benefit all members of the school community. From September 2021 girls entered at Year 7—as full, weekly and flexi boarders and as day pupils, for the first time in the school's history, girls having previously attended only as sixth-form day pupils—and coeducation has extended through the school year by year since. A dedicated girls' boarding house was established in a new building at the centre of the campus to support the change, and girls were boarding at the school by the end of the first term of coeducation. Buildings and site The school occupies an elevated site on Heath Lane in Oldswinford. The original foundation building, now known as Founders, survives from the late 17th century and was listed at Grade II* on 8 November 1949. It is of red brick with stone dressings, of three storeys, with seven two-light mullioned windows set in plain architraves, a stone arched doorcase with a bowed hood and massive side volutes, moulded stringcourses, angle dressings, and three plain gables under old tiles with brick stacks; a central tower carries a cupola, with a clock face set in a curved open pediment. On the strength of the clock tower's style the building has traditionally been attributed to Sir Christopher Wren, although the attribution is undocumented and unlikely to be proven. Founders now houses the school's administrative offices, most teaching having moved to Swinford Court, the former Stourbridge College buildings on Hagley Road, adjoining the historic campus, whose purchase was completed in 2020. Other buildings on the site include the Foleyan Centre, opened in the 2010s and named after Frank Foley, the Secret Intelligence Service officer who lived in Stourbridge from 1949 until his death in 1958. The former Witley and Maybury houses remain on site, now used for other purposes or vacant. Governance and admissions The foundation is administered by fifteen feoffees, of whom three places remain hereditary in the male line of the founder's three sons; the feoffees act as trustees of the charity and appoint a majority of the school's governors. Admission is principally at Year 7 and Year 12, with no defined catchment area. Entry is non-selective, except that flexi-boarding places at Year 7 are subject to an aptitude test. Boarding and day facilities are charged for, but no tuition fees are levied. The school is a member of the State Boarding Schools' Association. In July 2026, it was announced that the school had been granted planning permission for a new reception centre and changing facilities, with construction expected to commence in Autumn 2026, and complete during 2027. Academic profile Old Swinford Hospital holds specialist Business and Enterprise and Science status and has been awarded the Artsmark and Sportsmark. The school is rated Good by Ofsted following its most recent inspection in 2022, a grade it has held since 2010, having been rated Outstanding in 2006; its boarding provision has been separately inspected as a residential setting. School life A house system was introduced in 1929 with three houses named after local places—Stourbridge (briefly called School), Kidderminster and Dudley. In 1931 Stourbridge was renamed Foley, Kidderminster became Lyttelton and Dudley was rededicated to the Earls of Dudley, each name commemorating a figure in the school's history; this convention has continued since. As of 2025 there are six active boarding houses. Sport, and rugby union in particular, has a prominent place at the school, and a number of former pupils have played professionally and internationally. In 2023 the school's 1st XV and Under-15 sides each won their Continental Tyres finals at Twickenham. The school also fields teams in basketball, cricket, football, hockey, netball and tennis. Facilities on the main site include pitches for rugby, football and cricket, tennis, squash and basketball courts, cricket nets, two gymnasiums and two climbing walls. The school has maintained a contingent of the Combined Cadet Force since August 1948, when it was formed by the headmaster H. C. Stone with fifteen cadets. In 2021 the contingent received a silver award under the Ministry of Defence's Employer Recognition Scheme. Headmasters Only seven headmasters have served since 1883. Notable former pupils Former pupils of the school are known as Old Foleyans, after the founder. In politics, two Old Foleyans sat in the House of Commons together through the late 2010s and early 2020s: Philip Davies, Conservative MP for Shipley from 2005 to 2024, and Mike Wood, Conservative MP for Dudley South from 2015 to 2024 and for Kingswinford and South Staffordshire thereafter. In the arts and media, former pupils include the actor Nicholas Bailey, known for his role as Dr Anthony Trueman in EastEnders, and the writer and actor Charles McKeown, who co-wrote Brazil (1985), for which he received an Academy Award nomination, and appeared in films including Time Bandits and Monty Python's Life of Brian. In journalism, Matthew Chance became an international correspondent for CNN. The school's rugby tradition has produced a succession of professional players, among them the England internationals Richard West, Paul Doran-Jones and Ollie Lawrence, and the professionals James Collins, Rhys Crane, Chris Pennell, George Robson, Joe Shaw, Max Stelling and Huw Taylor. In cricket, former pupils include the England fast bowler Dean Headley and the county cricketers David Banks, Adam Finch and Simon Green; other sporting alumni include the footballer Dale Rudge and the racing cyclist Hannah Payton. Earlier former pupils include Roi Wilson, a Royal Navy officer. References External links Official website Old Foleyans' Association Media related to Old Swinford Hospital at Wikimedia Commons