NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Замок Сандал

Замок Сандал (англ. Sandal Castle) — разрушенный средневековый замок в пригороде города Уэйкфилд в Западном Йоркшире, Англия. Располагается неподалёку от места битвы при Уэйкфилде, проходившей 30 декабря 1460 года, в которой был убит Ричард Плантагенет, 3-й герцог Йоркский. История Варенны Вильгельм де Варенн, 2-й граф Суррей, построил замок Сандал из дерева в 1107 году. Третий граф Суррей мало проводил времени в этом замке, что связано с его присоединением ко Второму крестовому походу. У него была одна дочь, Изабель де Варенн, которая вышла замуж за Вильгельма де Блуа, сына короля Стефана, который стал четвёртым графом. Он умер в 1159 году, не имея детей. Изабель, став вдовой, впоследствии вышла замуж за Гамелина, пятого графа. Считается, что Гамелин занимался заменой деревянных укреплений в замке каменными. Уильям де Варенн, 5-й граф Суррей, сын Гамелина Анжуйского, женился на Маршалл Мод в 1225 году. Он был верен своему двоюродному брату, королю Иоанну а также является одним из четырёх дворян, чье имя фигурирует в Великой хартии вольностей. После смерти Уильяма, 27 мая 1240 года в Лондоне, Мод де Варенн, не распоряжалась замком Сандал с 1240 года. Однако, в 1252 году передала его её сыну Джону. Джон женился на Алисе де Лузиньян в 1247 году. В 1296 году Эдуард I назначил 6-го графа командующим в Шотландии, а в 1298 году Джону и его королю удалось принести поражение шотландским воинам в Битве при Фолкерке. Джон де Варенн был убит на турнире в Кройдоне. Его сын Джон де Варенн, 7-й граф Суррей, родился в год его смерти. В 1306 году Джон женился на внучке Эдуарда I Джоанне Барско. Джон скончался в 1347 году, оставив двух сыновей, Джона и Томаса,ставших Мальтийскими рыцарями. Замок Сандал был не единственным замком, которым владел род Варенн. К примеру, род Варенн имел замки в графствах Суссекс, Суррей, Норфолк и Йоркшир. Йоркские герцоги В 1347 году английский король Эдуард III подарил замок Санда своему пятому сыну, Эдмунду Лэнгли, которому на тот момент было шесть лет. В дальнейшем этот замок унаследовал его сын, Эдвард, который умер в битве при Азенкуре в 1415 году. После его смерти, замок перешёл во владение Ричарда Плантагенета. Битва при Уэйкфилде В начале 1460 года, во время Войны Алой и Белой розы, Ричард Плантагенет решил взойти на престол. Акт согласия, принятый в октябре 1460 года, признал его наследником престола и назвал его Защитником Царства. В декабре того же года, Ричард отправился в замок Сандал, чтобы укрепить свою позицию и противостоять нападениям вражеских воинов. У него была армия от 3000 до 8000 человек, но 30 декабря во время битве при Уэйкфилде, он потерпел сокрушительное поражение. Ричард и его младший сын Эдмунд были убиты. Английская гражданская война Во время Английской Гражданской войны, замок Сандал принадлежал Кавалерам. Замок находился в запущенном, полуразбитом состоянии из-за предыдущих событий. В 1645 замок Сандал был трижды осажден. К концу действий Английской революции замок Сандал был разрушен. Спустя год, парламент Англии подтвердил эту информацию. Примечания
Sandal Castle

Sandal Castle är en ruin nära staden Wakefield i West Yorkshire som ligger över floden River Calder och Pugneys Country Park. Den ligger nära den plats där slaget vid Wakefield sägs ha ägt rum 1460, vilket ledde till Rikard, hertig av Yorks död. Borgen byggdes ursprungligen av normander och det var de Warrens som bodde där först. Under det Engelska inbördeskriget, var Sandal Castle en rojalistiskt fäste och belägrades åtminstone två gånger av parlamentarisktiska trupper. 2003 fick Sandal Castle en trägångbro så folk skulle kunna gå upp i borgen utan att orsaka erosion. Syftet var att skydda ruinen, men det har höjts mycket upprörda röster mot att gångvägen har förstört borgens historiska miljö. Det finns ett besökscenter omkring 100 meter från borgen. Externa länkar Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Sandal Castle.
Middlesex University

Middlesex University er et universitet i London. Det ligger i og har navn efter det historiske grevskab Middlesex. Det blev grundlagt i 1973 som Middlesex Polytechnic. I 1992 fik det status som universitet og fik sit nuværende navn. Universitetets forløbere var St Katherine's College og Hornsey School of Arts and Crafts, som blev grundlagt i 1880'erne. Der er fire almindelige campuser i det nordlige London: Trent Park, Hendon, Enfield, Cat Hill og en speciel campus som er fordelt på flere sygehuse. I 2005 blev der også åbnet en campus for udenlandsstudenter i Dubai, og samme år blev en campus i Tottenham nedlagt.
Universidad de Middlesex

La Universidad de Middlesex (en inglés: Middlesex University London) es una universidad pública con sede en Hendon, al noroeste de Londres, Reino Unido. Es una de las nuevas universidades creadas después de 1992 y es miembro del grupo de trabajo Million+. El nombre de la Universidad se toma de su ubicación dentro de los límites históricos del condado de Middlesex. La historia de la universidad se remonta a 1878, cuando su instituto fundador, St Katherine's College, se estableció en Tottenham como una escuela de formación de mujeres que querían ser docentes. Tras la fusión con otros institutos, la universidad se consolidó en su forma actual en 1992.​ Referencias
Università del Middlesex

La Middlesex University (abbr. MU, MDX) è un'università che si trova nel nord di Londra, Inghilterra. Si trova ai confini della storica contea di Middlesex da cui prende il nome. Nel 2005, l'università ha iniziato a razionalizzare le sue facoltà concentrando i suoi punti di forza nel mondo degli affari, dell'informatica e delle arti. Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Middlesex University Collegamenti esterni (EN) Sito ufficiale, su mdx.ac.uk. Università del Middlesex, su ISIL.
Middlesex University

Middlesex University is een Britse openbare universiteit gelegen in Hendon in het noordwesten van Groot-Londen. De universiteit is als dusdanig erkend sinds 1992 maar is ontstaan uit meerdere instellingen waarvan de oudste, het St Katherine's College uit Tottenham, dateert uit 1878. Ook het Hornsey College of Art (1882), het Ponders End Technical Institute (1901) en Hendon Technical Institute (1939) behoorden tot de instellingen die in 1973 fuseerden tot Middlesex Polytechnic. In 1992 ontstond Middlesex University uit Middlesex Polytechnic door een Royal Assent, en als gevolg van de Britse Further and Higher Education Act. Met zijn naam refereert de instelling naar zijn ligging binnen de historische grenzen van het voormalige graafschap Middlesex. Alumni (een selectie) Ray Davies (1944), singer-songwriter Helen Mirren (1945), actrice Roger Glover (1945), muzikant Milton Jones (1964), komiek Alison Goldfrapp (1966), zangeres Dermot O'Leary (1973), presentator Alan Carr (1976), comedian Freema Agyeman (1979), actrice Marina Diamandis (1985), singer-songwriter
Middlesex University

Middlesex University är ett universitet i London. Det ligger i, och har namn efter, det historiska grevskapet Middlesex. Universitetet grundadess 1973 som Middlesex Polytechnic och 1992 fick det status som universitet och bytte till sitt nuvarande namn. Universitetet hade föregångare i St Katherine's College och Hornsey School of Arts and Crafts som grundades på 1880-talet. Referenser Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från danskspråkiga Wikipedia, Middlesex University, tidigare version. Noter Externa länkar Officiell webbplats
Moss Rose

Moss Rose è uno stadio situato a Macclesfield, in Inghilterra. Attualmente è utilizzato soprattutto per le partite di calcio ed è il terreno di gioco del Macclesfield Town F.C.. Lo stadio contiene 6.355 persone ed è stato costruito nel 1891. Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Moss Rose
Cook Street Gate

Cook Street Gate er en middelalderlig byport i Coventry, England. Den blev sandsynligvis opført i anden halvdel af 1300-tallet som en del af byens forsvarsværker. Porten er en af kun to bevarede af de oprindelige tolv byporte og den eneste, hvorigennem der stadig går en vej. Den anden er Swanswell Gate. Den blev færdiggjort omkring år 1485, men var forfalden i slutningen af 1800-tallet. Porten blev skænket til byen i 1913 af Sir William Wyley og restaureret i 1918. De tilmurede døråbninger til murgangen kan stadig ses, og i maj 2021 foreligger der en planansøgning om at restaurere og bevare bygningen samt åbne den som turistindkvartering. Stedet er et af de ti fredede fortidsminder i Coventry og en bygning med fredningsstatus Grade I. Bygningen var tidligere ejet af Coventry City Council, men ejerskabet er overdraget til Historic Coventry Trust, som står for vedligeholdelse og drift. Referencer Eksterne henvisninger
Cook Street Gate

Cook Street Gate is a medieval gate in Coventry, England. It was probably built in the second half of the 14th century as part of the defensive circuit of the city. This gate is one of only two which survive of the original twelve town gates and the only one through which a road still runs. The other is Swanswell Gate. It was completed around 1485 AD but was derelict by the late 19th century. The gate was presented to the city in 1913 by Sir William Wyley and restored in 1918. The blocked doorways onto the wall walk can still be seen and as of May 2021 there is a planning application to renovate and conserve the building and open it up as tourist accommodation. The site is one of ten Scheduled Monuments in Coventry and a Grade I Listed Building. It was previously owned by Coventry City Council but has been transferred to Historic Coventry Trust to maintain and run. References
Ворота Кук-Стрит

Ворота Кук-Стрит — средневековые ворота в Ковентри, Англия. Вероятно, они были построены во второй половине XIV века как часть оборонительного контура города. Эти ворота — одни из двух сохранившихся из первоначальных двенадцати городских ворот и единственные, через которые всё ещё проходит дорога. Другие — ворота Суонсуэлл. Они были завершены примерно в 1485 году, но к концу XIX века были заброшены. Ворота были подарены городу в 1913 году сэром Уильямом Уайли и восстановлены в 1918 году. На пешеходной дорожке всё ещё можно увидеть заблокированные дверные проёмы. По состоянию на май 2021 года есть заявка на проведение ремонта и сохранения здания, чтобы открыть его для размещения туристов. Ворота являются одними из десяти мест, внесённых в список памятников в Ковентри и они внесены в список памятников архитектуры I степени. Ранее они принадлежали городскому совету Ковентри, но были переданы Historic Coventry Trust для обслуживания и эксплуатации. Примечания
Castle Goff

Castle Goff is an enclosure about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south-west of Camelford, in Cornwall, England. It is a scheduled monument. Location and description Castle Goff is considered to be a "round": these are small circular embanked enclosures, with one entrance; they date from the late Iron Age to the early post-Roman period. They are most common in Cornwall. It is situated on the southern edge of a ridge between two tributaries of the River Allen. Its diameter is about 60 metres (66 yd). The rampart is 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) above the interior, and 3.5 metres (11 ft) above the external ditch, which is about 8 metres (26 ft) wide and 0.8 metres (2.6 ft) deep. From the original western entrance, which is now blocked, there is a causeway to an annexe to the west. The annexe, 106 metres (116 yd) north to south, is a rampart and outer ditch; the ends do not encroach on the ditch of the main earthworks, suggesting that it was a later construction. The rampart of the annexe is partly incorporated into the present field boundary. Another round, Delinuth Camp, is about 400 metres (440 yd) to the north-west. References
Knowles Battery

Knowles Battery is a former 19th-century fort, built as a result of the Royal Commission on National Defence of 1859. Part of an extensive scheme known as Palmerston Forts, after the prime minister who championed the scheme, it was built to defend the landward approaches to the north east of Plymouth, as an element of the plan for the defence of the Royal Naval Dockyard at Devonport. Designed by Captain (later Maj General) Edmund Frederick Du Cane, it was built by George Baker and Company and finished by the Royal Engineers. It was designed to be armed with thirteen guns. Fire from the battery linked with nearby Woodlands Fort and Agaton Fort By the early 1900s the fort had become obsolete as a defensive position and was disarmed. It was sold by the War Department in 1930. A school was built on the site in the 1960s. Knowles Battery was listed as a scheduled monument in 1973. It is now part of Knowle Primary School. References Bibliography Hogg, Ian V (1974). Coast Defences of England and Wales 1856-1956. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153 6353-0. Woodward, Freddy (1996). The Historic Defences of Plymouth. Cornwall County Council. ISBN 978-1898166467. External links Palmerston Forts Society
Waterbeach Abbey

Waterbeach Abbey was an abbey at Waterbeach in Cambridgeshire, England. It was established in 1294 by nuns from the Second Order of St. Francis who had come from Longchamp Abbey in France, which also at least inspired the Abbey of the Minoresses of St. Clare without Aldgate. By 1351, the flood-prone abbey had become disused, the nuns having moved to the nearby Denny Abbey. The site is a scheduled monument. References
Abadia de Waterbeach

A Abadia de Waterbeach foi uma abadia em Waterbeach em Cambridgeshire, na Inglaterra. Foi estabelecido em 1294 por freiras da Segunda Ordem de São Francisco que vieram da Abadia de Longchamps na França, que também pelo menos inspirou a Abadia das Menores de Santa Clara sem Aldgate. Em 1351, a abadia propensa a inundações ficou fora de uso, as freiras mudaram-se para a abadia de Denny, nas proximidades. O local é um monumento antigo marcado. Referências
Cadson Bury

Cadson Bury is an Iron Age hillfort about 2 miles (3.2 km) south-west of Callington, in Cornwall, England. It is owned by the National Trust, and it is scheduled monument. Description The fort is sited in a commanding position on a steep hill, called Cadson Bury Down, above the River Lynher. It is univallate, probably of the early Iron Age. The oval enclosure, longest from north to south, is about 275 metres (902 ft) long and 170 metres (558 ft) wide, enclosing an area of about 2.5 hectares (6.2 acres). The rampart is up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) above the interior; the outer ditch is about 1.3 metres (4 ft 3 in) deep on the east side, less visible elsewhere. There are no traces of house platforms within the enclosure. There are two opposed inturned entrances on the east and west sides; the eastern entrance is clearly defined, the western entrance less so. Another entrance on the south may not be original. See also Hillforts in Britain References
Old Guildhall, Looe

The Old Guildhall is a municipal building in Higher Market Street in Looe, Cornwall, England. The structure, which is currently used as a museum, is a Grade II* listed building. History The building was designed in the medieval style, built in rubble masonry and was completed in around 1450. The design involved an asymmetrical main frontage facing onto Higher Market Street, with the first floor originally jettied out over the pavement. After East Looe was incorporated in 1587, the building became the meeting place of the mayor and the local burgesses. The structure was remodelled in the late 16th century. A new external staircase featuring an external staircase, with a pentice roof, was added on the left of the main frontage, and two new tripartite wood framed windows were added on the right. Internally, the principal rooms were a lock-up, with three cells for incarcerating petty criminals, on the ground floor, and a courtroom, which was also used as a council chamber, on the first floor. The courtroom was used as the venue for petty session hearings, which were held in January and June each year. A magistrates bench and a panel bearing of the Royal coat of arms were installed in the courtroom in 1705 during the reign of Queen Anne. East Looe had a very small electorate and a dominant patron, John Buller of Morval House, which meant it was recognised by the UK Parliament as a rotten borough. Its right to elect members of parliament was removed by the Reform Act 1832. The building continued to serve as the local seat of government until civic leaders decided that more substantial premises were required and a new guildhall in Fore Street was completed in September 1877. After East Looe Borough Council was abolished under the provisions of the Municipal Corporations Act 1883, the building was transferred to a specially formed entity, the East Looe Town Trust, in 1890. The internal layout of the building was remodelled, so that the ground floor became a caretaker's flat, and the courtroom became a reading room, in the late 19th century. An extensive programme of refurbishment works, which involved the conversion of both floors into museum space, was completed under the supervision of a local historian, Michael Maddock, in 1972. Exhibits accessioned to the collection include four landscape paintings by Samuel Cook, the town stocks and various artifacts associated with smuggling around Looe Island. There is also a stone cross, dating from the 14th century, which was found at Tregoad Farm in the parish of St Martin-by-Looe in 1906, and a Finbaker cannon, dating from the 17th century, which had been deployed on a Spanish warship and which was recovered from Looe Bay in the 19th century. See also Grade II* listed buildings in Cornwall (Q–Z) References
Elms colliery

Elms Colliery (also known as Middle Engine Pit) is a disused coal mine in Nailsea within the English County of Somerset. It has been scheduled as an ancient monument and placed on the Heritage at Risk Register due to the risk of vandalism and further decay. Nailsea's early economy relied on coal mining, which began as early as the 16th century. The earliest recorded date for coal mining in Nailsea was 1507 when coal was being transported to light fires at Yatton. By the late 1700s the Golden Valley area of the town had a large number of pits run by a consortium by Peter Cox, Joseph Whitchurch and Isaac White which was formed in 1786 and known as White and Co. John Robert Lucas joined to obtain coal for the nearby Nailsea Glassworks. Remains of the old pits, most of which had closed down by the late 19th century as mining capital migrated to the richer seams of South Wales, are still visible around the town. Three buildings survive from the Elms Colliery. The engine house of the rotative beam engine and associated buildings, including the remains of a horse whim and weighbridge house are Grade II listed buildings. The water tank above the engine house was used to supply water to Elms House after the mine closed. References
Town Bridge, Bedford

The Town Bridge is located in Bedford, the county town of Bedfordshire in England. Spanning the River Great Ouse, it connects the town centre of Bedford with St Johns, historically a separate settlement but now a suburb of Bedford. The current bridge was designed by the architect John Wing between 1811 and 1813, replacing an earlier bridge said to date back to 1224.. It was widened between 1938 and 1940. The Swan Hotel and the remains of Bedford Castle are located nearby, the stone from the latter was said to have been used for construction of the medieval bridge. It has been Grade II listed, having first been listed in 1952. References Bibliography Pevsner, Nikolaus. Bedfordshire and the County of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Yale University Press, 2002.
Eamont Bridge (structure)

Eamont Bridge is a road bridge over the River Eamont, at the village of the same name, immediately to the south of Penrith, Cumbria, England. It is a scheduled monument and a Grade I listed building (it has two listings as it spans a parish boundary and is listed under both). The narrow bridge lies on the A6 road, and until the opening of the M6 motorway, it was a notorious bottleneck. It is still controlled by traffic lights. The bridge crosses the old county boundary between Cumberland and Westmorland and is one of the oldest bridges in the county still in daily use. It was built in 1425 after the Bishop of Durham, Thomas Langley, offered indulgences to anyone contributing towards its construction, and it was widened in 1875. It is a slightly humpbacked three-arched bridge made of grey sandstone with alterations in red sandstone. The solid parapets include pedestrian refuges above the pillars. Like the village, the bridge stands partly in Yanwath and Eamont Bridge parish and partly in Penrith. In December 2015, the bridge was declared unsafe and closed to traffic, following severe flooding caused by Storm Frank. The bridge sustained significant damage, with a one-metre hole reported in a supporting pillar. It was repaired and reopened in March 2016. See also Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria Listed buildings in Penrith, Cumbria Listed buildings in Yanwath and Eamont Bridge References
Nottingham Castle

Nottingham Castle er en tidligere middelalderborg i Nottingham, England, der senere er blevet erstattet med en georgiansk landsted. Den blev oprindeligt opført som en træ-fæstning i 1068 efter den normanniske erobring af England, men Henrik 2. af England genopførte den i sten. I middelalderen var det en vigtig kongelig fæstning og lejlighedsvis kongeligt residensslot. I 1500-tallet forfaldt borgen og den blev stort set nedrevet i 1651 bortset fra murene og porten, der stadig står. Den er opført på et forbjerg kaldet, der ligger 130 m over det omkringliggende landskab. William Cavendish, 1. hertug af Newcastle opførte en landsted i 1670'erne, der blev færdiggjort af hans søn Henry Cavendish, 2. hertug af Newcastle. Denne bygning blev nedbrændt af oprørere i 1831 og den stod som en ruin i over 40 år. I 1870'erne blev den genopført for at huse et galleri og museum, der fortsat er i brug. Nottingham City Council ejer borgen, men den drives af en uafhængig organisation kaldet Nottingham Castle Trust. Det er en listed building af første grad. Se også Liste over borge og slotte i England Referencer Eksterne henvisninger
Kasteel van Nottingham

Het Kasteel van Nottingham (Engels: Nottingham Castle) is een kasteel en museum in het Engelse Nottingham. Het oudste kasteel werd opgetrokken door de Normandiërs in 1068. In 1651 werd het oorspronkelijke kasteel afgebroken. In 1670 liet William Cavendish er een landhuis optrekken, dat sinds 1870 een museum is met kunstcollectie. Van het kasteel zelf blijven het poortgebouw en omwallingen over. Externe link Officiële website
Castelo de Nottingham

O Castelo de Nottingham é um castelo situado na cidade Inglesa de Nottingham, Inglaterra. Em 1067, Guilherme I de Inglaterra mandou ali construir uma primeira estrutura de madeira, sendo que em 1170 Henrique II de Inglaterra reconstruiu o castelo, desta vez em pedra, e tornando-o na principal fortaleza das terras altas. Ver também Castelos na Grã-Bretanha e Irlanda Referências
Ноттингемский замок

Ноттингемский замок (англ. Nottingham Castle) — замок в городе Ноттингем английского графства Ноттингемшир, расположенный на естественной возвышенности высотою около 40 м, известной как «Замковая скала»; первоначально построенное деревянное строение было возведено на этом месте в 1068 году по приказу Вильгельма Завоевателя; в Средние века стал крупной крепостью и королевской резиденцией; пришёл в упадок к XVI веку и был сильно разрушен в ходе гражданской войны в Англии, в 1649 году. История и описание См. также Замок Ньюарк Замок Харденштайн Замок Баден Примечания Литература Armitage, Jill (2015). «Nottingham: A History». Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1445634982. Ссылки Nottingham Castle: Lenton Rd, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG1 6EL (англ.). visit-nottinghamshire.co.uk. Visit Nottinghamshire, Marketing NG. Дата обращения: 18 апреля 2019. Архивировано 18 апреля 2019 года.