NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Anchor telephone exchange

Anchor Exchange is an underground telephone switching system and former hardened telephone exchange built in Birmingham, England. History Construction commenced in 1953 under the guise of building an underground railway. It opened in September 1957 at a cost of £4 million. It was located nominally on Newhall Street. However its network of tunnels extended from at least the Jewellery Quarter to Southside. It originally formed one of a network of 18 zone switching centres within the UK telephone system that provided trunk switching facilities within its own charge group and to group switching centres (GSC) within an area broadly comprising the West Midlands and central Wales. The exchange formed part of the trunk mechanisation plan commenced in 1939 to permit operators from originating GSCs to dial through to a distant UK subscriber without requiring further operator intervention. Later, it was additionally used to switch subscriber dialled trunk calls after its introduction at Bristol in 1958. It was subsequently augmented and superseded by a transit switching centre (TSC) equipped with a crossbar switching system (TXK4) which formed part of the transit network. It parented two of the first three GSCs at Worcester and Wolverhampton to go live when the transit network was inaugurated in 1971 which eventually provided universal UK automatic subscriber dialling and was completed in 1979. The Anchor telephone exchange tunnels are still used to house communication cables. They have been updated with firebreak compartments and hazardous asbestos has been removed. They are continually pumped out because of the city's rising water table. The exchange took its name from the hallmark of Birmingham Assay Office, which depicts an anchor. Nuclear bunker The exchange was one of three, along with the Kingsway Exchange in London and the Guardian Exchange in Manchester, which provided hardened facilities in order to protect communications in the event of a nuclear attack during the Cold War in the UK (a fourth one was rumoured to exist in Glasgow, but no evidence of this has been found). In common with most civil defence structures of the time it was designed to withstand an attack by an atomic bomb short of a direct hit. By the time of its completion in 1957, the development of thermonuclear weapons with their significantly increased explosive power, would have reduced the ability to resist an attack. The public was told that the project was to provide the city with a new underground rail network, but that by 1956 the project was no longer needed due to costs. There was an entrance at the rear of Telephone House, between Lionel Street and Fleet Street, where there was a strict security check upon entering; this entrance had a heavy blast door weighing about two tonnes. Another entrance was on Newhall Street. See also BT Tower, Birmingham References External links Blog post with official maps of the exchange
Anchorite's Cell, Chester

The Anchorite's Cell (or Hermitage) is a small building overlooking The Groves, Chester, Cheshire, England (grid reference SJ409660). It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. History The structure was built in 1363 as a religious retreat for a monk or a hermit. It belonged to the nearby St John the Baptist's Church until the Reformation. During the 19th century the building was restored and converted into a house. In 1897 the porch of St Martin's Church, which was being demolished, was moved here and made into a north entrance. The building was refurbished in about 1970 as a cottage. Architecture The building, which stands on a plinth formed from a sandstone outcrop, is constructed in coursed sandstone ashlar and has a grey slate roof. It is in two storeys with the entrance on the north side. The porch has a segmental arch flanked by colonettes with trefoils in the spandrels, and a triple lancet window on the right side. To the right of the porch is a two-light mullioned casement window, and a projecting stone chimney. In the upper storey, above the porch, is a panel containing a triple lancet window. To the right of this is another lancet window and the voussoirs of a blocked arch. In the east end of the building is a segmental-arched window in the ground floor, a three-light mullioned window with intersecting tracery in the upper floor, and a coped gable. At the west end is a high-level segmental-arched window in the ground floor, a buttress at the southwest corner, and a coped gable with a gabled finial. There are more lancet windows in the south side. See also Grade II* listed buildings in Cheshire West and Chester References
Ancient House, Clare

The Ancient House is a medieval timber-framed and partly pargeted building located in Clare in Suffolk, England. It is a Grade I listed building. History The oldest part of the building is the west wing, dating from the 14th century, whilst the heavily decorated east wing is believed to have been built in 1473. The house features a moulded timber ceiling in one of the ground floor rooms and some elaborately carved oriel windows. It is mentioned in a will dating to 1502. The Ancient House was acquired in the early 1930s by a local farmer, Charles W. Byford, in order to prevent its removal to the United States. It was then gifted in 1938 to Clare Parish Council to put to "a useful public purpose". A museum was established by the council in 1979. In the 1990s it was re-designed with grants and help from the Heritage Lottery Fund, St Edmundsbury District Council, and the Landmark Trust. It is now preserved as part Landmark holiday accommodation and part museum. References External links Landmark Trust page on the house, as of April 2023 Clare Ancient House Museum website Landmark Trust history sheet for the Ancient House English Heritage listing
Ancient House, Ipswich

The Ancient House, also known as Sparrowe's House, is a Grade I listed building dating from the 15th century located in the Buttermarket area of Ipswich, Suffolk, England. In 1980 the building was acquired by Ipswich Borough Council. The building sports detailed pargeting, and also elaborate wood carvings around the front of the house. Four panels of pargeting show a Tudor impression of the world. The continents Africa, America, Asia and Europe are shown—notably lacking Australia, which had not been discovered at the time. Africa is represented by a naked man holding a spear, Asia by a horse and a mosque-like building, Europe by a woman with a horse and a church-like building, and America by a man with a dog at his feet. The building features the Ipswich window. The front of the building as it can be seen today (in a restored state), was not an original feature—it was added by Robert Sparrowe between 1660 and 1670. It bears the Royal Arms of King Charles II, and the words "Honi soit qui mal y pense". This is Old French for "Shame upon him who thinks evil of it", and is also the motto of the Order of the Garter. Pargeting Images showing the four known continents represented in pargeting. History The earliest reference to the house date to the 14th century, when it was owned by Sir Richard of Martlesham. In the 16th century the house was owned by a string of local merchants, including George Copping, a draper and fishmonger, who acquired the property in 1567. It was Copping who commissioned the panelling of the ground-floor room at the front of the house. He also built the 'long gallery'. Ownership by the Sparrow(e) family The Sparrowe family became the owners of the house in 1603. They promoted a legend that a hidden room in the house, fitted up as a secret place of worship for Catholics in the time of the Civil Wars, served Charles II as a hiding place while he was in flight after being defeated at the Battle of Worcester. The legend is unlikely to be true, since Ipswich is over 100 miles from any location Charles is known to have visited. Pawsey Family Twenty-first century The Ancient House is currently owned by Ipswich Borough Council. Lakeland was the main tenant until 2021. The attic is used as a small art gallery for occasional exhibitions. Restoration By 1979 the condition of the house was so bad that it was in danger of collapsing. The foundations had sunk, among other structural problems. In addition, woodworm and both dry and wet rot had set in, and deathwatch beetle was rife. Renovation began in 1984, and no part of the building was untouched. The foundations were underpinned, the rot and infestations were eradicated, floors were strengthened, plasterwork was restored, the windows were re-leaded and features were exposed. The renovation was not without its problems: the foundations had sunk, but the heavy fireplaces had sunk at a different rate. See also List of Grade I listed buildings in Ipswich References Further reading Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1037756)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 August 2006. External links Map sources for Ancient House, Ipswich
Эншент-хаус (Ипсуич)

Эншент-хаус (англ. Ancient House), также известный как Спарроуз-хаус (англ. Sparrowes House) — здание I класса в городе Ипсуич в Англии, то есть здание, представляющее особый интерес. Дом построен в конце XIV века в тюдоровском стиле. Находится в районе Баттермаркет. В 1980 году здание было приобретено мэрией города Ипсуич. Фасад дома покрыт орнаментной штукатуркой и деревянной резьбой. Четыре панели из орнаментной штукатурки демонстрируют познание о мире, бытовавшее во время правления Тюдоров. На них изображены континенты Азия, Америка, Африка и Европа. Африка представлена голым мужчиной, держащим копье, Азия — лошадью и зданием мечети, Европа — женщиной с лошадью и замком и Америка — человеком с собакой у его ног. Современный фасад дома был создан его владельцем Робертом Спарроу в 1660—1670 годах. Тогда же над входом появился Королевский герб Карла II со словами на старо-французском языке, которые переводятся, как «Позор тому, кто думает о зле». Эти слова являются девизом Ордена Подвязки. Самое раннее упоминание в источниках о доме относится к XIV веку, когда он принадлежал рыцарю Ричарду из Мартлешама. В XVI веке хозяевами здания стали местные торговцы, один из которых, Джордж Коппинг, торговец мануфактурой и рыбой, приобрёл здание в 1567 году. Именно Коппинг заказал и установил панели на фасаде дома. Он также построил «длинную галерею». Семья Спарроу приобрела дом в 1603 году и владела им в течение следующих трёх столетий. Эта семья устроила в доме тайную комнату, бывшую местом молитв католиков во времена гражданских войн. По преданию, после поражения в битве при Вустере в этой комнате нашёл убежище сам король Карл II. Последнее вряд ли соответствует истине, поскольку город Ипсуич находится на солидном расстоянии от каждого места, в котором, как достоверно известно, король был. Скрытая же молитвенная комната свидетельствует о репрессиях против католиков в то время. Ныне дом принадлежит мэрии города Ипсуич и сдан в аренду компании Лейкленд, владеющей сетью ресторанов. На чердаке здания располагается небольшая художественная галерея, в которой периодически проводятся выставки. Состояние дома к 1979 году было настолько ветхим, что существовала опасность его обрушения. Реконструкция здания была проведена в 1984 году. Примечания
Wheal Martyn

The Wheal Martyn China Clay Museum is a museum of china clay mining, at Carthew, on the B3274 road about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of St Austell in Cornwall, England. A Victorian clay works has been preserved, and there is an exhibition building. Background The museum is set in 26 acres (11 ha) of ground, and is based around two former china clay works. A large collection of objects, machinery, photographs and other archive material is preserved. It was established as a charity in 1975, with John Stengelhofen as its first director; in 2010 it was taken over by the charity South West Lakes Trust. Part of the site is a Scheduled Monument, listed on 11 April 1979. The grounds include a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of the geological features of the locality. History In 1790 Richard Martyn bought the Carthew Estate, and his son Elias started the Wheal Martyn china clay works there in the 1820s. By the 1840s there were five pits, and by 1869 Wheal Martyn was producing 2000 tons of clay a year. After Elias's death in 1872, his son Richard closed or leased works to other operators. John Lovering took on the lease of Wheal Martyn in the 1880s, and made many modifications to the works. The pit at Wheal Martyn closed in 1931, but the pan kiln, for drying clay, was used for clay from nearby pits until 1969. The Gomm china clay works, which is also part of the site, was leased by the Martyn brothers from the Mount Edgcumbe Estate about 1878, and was worked until the 1920s. Wheal Martyn pit reopened in 1971 and is now worked by Imerys Minerals Ltd. Clay works In order to pump clay slurry from the pit, which is some distance from a source of water, a system of iron rods transmits power, by a reciprocating motion, from a waterwheel of diameter 35 feet (11 m), made at Charlestown Foundry in the 1880s. The waterwheel was in use until about 1940, and was restored in 1976. The slurry pump, used to pump slurry around the site, is powered by a waterwheel of diameter 18 feet (5.5 m), built about 1902. There are areas that were used for thickening the clay: settling pits, with a sloping floor, where the clay settled for several days until it had about 12% solids; settling tanks, where the clay reached about 30% solids in two to three months; the pan kiln, or "dry", where clay was heated from below by gases from coal-fired furnaces, and dried in one to three days, depending on the distance from the fire end. Adjacent is the linhay, where about 1000 tons of clay could be stored; from here it was taken away to the customer. Transport section Examples are exhibited of transport used in the clay industry: a Pecketts railway locomotive of 1899, used at Lee Moor Pit in Devon; a 19th-century clay wagon (to be pulled by a team of three horses); a 1934 ERF lorry; and a First World War Peerless lorry. Display areas There are displays showing life in the china clay industry in the 19th century, including reconstructions of a clay worker's kitchen, and a cooper's workshop, where casks for transporting high-grade clay were made. References
Faversham railway station

Faversham railway station is on the Chatham Main Line in England, serving the town of Faversham, Kent. It is 51 miles 77 chains (83.6 km) down the line from London Victoria. The station and all trains that call are operated by Southeastern. History The original 1858 station (built for the East Kent Railway) was rebuilt in 1898 and is an example of London, Chatham & Dover Railway architecture. The buildings are Grade II listed, and have been well maintained by Network Rail in recent years. A brick engine shed (also Grade II listed ) has, however, fallen into ruinous condition at the junction to the east of the station, mainly due to its inaccessibility. A further engine shed, formerly on the Faversham Creek spur has now been renovated and converted as offices. Sidings and other small buildings remain, some a legacy from pre-electrification days (1959) when Faversham Shed (73E) was of some importance. The spur line to Faversham Creek has now disappeared and incorporated into a housing development. The track ran along Standard Quay (a building beside the creek). In 1967, the track on Standard Quay was lifted, although a tiny section survives and Iron Wharf still has a few railway goods vans, now used by the boating fraternity. The brick built signal box dated from 1959 when electrification was completed. In 2009 preparatory works were completed before services to London St Pancras via Ebbsfleet International commenced on 13 December 2009. This forms part of the UK's first domestic high speed service (beyond Gravesend) with typical journey times of around 65 minutes. The Chatham Main Line was re-signalled east of Faversham during 2011, and the Faversham signal box was decommissioned in late December (still remaining in situ in July 2026). Signalling responsibilities were transferred to the power box at Gillingham. Faversham had a barrow crossing but the section to platforms 1 and 2 was removed in 2009 to enable a platform extension as part of a multimillion-pound signalling and platform upgrade. Replacement 'platform' lifts were installed in March 2012, but they were not in use until later in the year. Replacement lifts were installed in December 2018 in a joint project between Southeastern Railway and Network Rail. They are of a better design with automatic sliding doors, one-touch operation and incorporating cctv at all levels and inside the fully enclosed lift car; they were officially opened by the Faversham MP Helen Whately on 14 December 2018. Accidents and incidents In May 1862, a passenger train was derailed due to defective track. Three people were killed. Services All services at Faversham are operated by Southeastern using Class 375 and 395 EMUs. The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is: 2 tph to London St Pancras International 2 tph to London Victoria 1 tph to Dover Priory via Canterbury East 2 tph to Ramsgate Additional services, including trains to and from London Bridge and London Cannon Street call at the station in the peak hours. References External links Train times and station information for Faversham railway station from National Rail
Roots Hall

Das Roots Hall Stadium (kurz: Roots Hall) ist ein Fußballstadion in Southend-on-Sea, Grafschaft Essex im Osten von England. Der Fußballclub Southend United ist Besitzer und trägt dort seine Heimspiele aus. Das 1955 eröffnete Stadion fasst heute 12.392 Zuschauer auf den komplett überdachten Tribünen. Seit 2006 bestehen Pläne für den Bau eines neuen Stadions mit dem Namen Fossetts Farm Stadium und 22.000 Plätzen. 2008 erhielt der Verein die Baugenehmigung. Im August 2010 wurde bekannt, dass mit dem Bau innerhalb der nächsten zwölf Monate begonnen werden soll. Bis zum Frühjahr 2016 lässt der Beginn der Arbeiten auf sich warten. Tribünen The EBM-PAPST Stand (East Stand): 2.878 Plätze, Haupttribüne, Ost The Paul Robinson West Stand (West Stand): 3.337 Plätze, Gegentribüne, West North Stand: 2.248 Plätze, Hintertortribüne, Nord The Hi-Tec Stand (South Stand) 2.964 Plätze, Hintertortribüne, Süd Weblinks Roots Hall (Memento vom 17. Juli 2012 im Internet Archive) footballgroundguide.com: Informationen zu Verein und Stadion (englisch) groundhopping.de: Besucherbericht von 2007 Einzelnachweise
Roots Hall

Roots Hall es un estadio multiusos ubicado en Southend-on-Sea, Inglaterra. A fecha de 2007 su uso principal es albergar partidos de fútbol, siendo la casa del equipo Southend United F.C.. La capacidad oficial del estadio es de 12 306 espectadores; en el partido jugado contra el Bristol City el 6 de mayo del 2006 ingresaron 11 387 personas. Fue construido por el Southend Supporters Trust e inaugurado en 1955. Southend United espera mudarse del antiguo estadio de Roots Hall al nuevo de Fossetts Farm en el 2008.
Roots Hall

Le Roots Hall est un stade de football localisé à Southend-on-Sea, c'est le stade qui accueille les rencontres à domicile du club de Southend United Football Club. Histoire Le stade est inauguré le 20 août 1955 avec un match contre Norwich City, il comporte quatre tribunes couvertes avec 12 392 places. L'affluence record date de 1979 lors d'un match de Coupe d'Angleterre contre Liverpool FC avec 31 033 spectateurs. Galerie Notes et références Liens externes (en) Le stade sur football-stadiums.co.uk Ressource relative au sport : StadiumDB Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme Portail du football Portail de l’Angleterre
Roots Hall

Il Roots Hall è uno stadio situato a Southend-on-Sea, Essex, Inghilterra, ed è utilizzato soprattutto per il calcio (è la sede del club di Football League One Southend United F.C.). Con una capacità di 12.392, Roots Hall è il più grande stadio di calcio in Essex, ed è la sede attuale per la finale di Essex Senior Cup. Il Southend United ha deciso di uscire da Roots Hall per un nuovo stadio di 22.000 posti entro l'inizio della stagione 2011-2012. Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Roots Hall
Roots Hall

Roots Hall, voluit: Roots Hall Stadium, is een voetbalstadion in Prittlewell in Southend-on-Sea in Engeland. De voetbalclub Southend United speelt in het stadion zijn thuiswedstrijden. Het stadion biedt plaats aan 12.392 toeschouwers. Daarmee is het het grootste voetbalstadion in Essex. Het stadion werd begin jaren vijftig gebouwd op de plek waar Southend United in het begin van de twintigste eeuw al zijn thuiswedstrijden had gespeeld. In de tussentijd werd het terrein echter voor militaire doeleinden gebruikt. Southend United heeft plannen om het stadion te verlaten, de bouw van het nieuwe stadion is echter nog niet begonnen.
Skelsmergh Tarn

Der Skelsmergh Tarn ist ein See in Cumbria, England. Der See liegt östlich von Burneside. Der See hat einen unbenannten Zufluss aus südlicher Richtung, aber keinen erkennbaren Abfluss. Der See ist ein Site of Special Scientific Interest. Der Skelsmergh Tarn ist ein See im Mergel, was sehr selten für Großbritannien ist und ungewöhnlich in Cumbria. Die Vegetation des Sees ist typisch für eher sauere Böden. Weblinks Einzelnachweise
Andrews & Arnold

Andrews & Arnold Ltd (also known as AAISP or A&A) is an Internet service provider based in Bracknell, England. Launched in 1998, the company serves businesses and home users. History Founded in 1997 and launched in 1998, the company initially only offered services over BT Wholesale, then in 2013 began offering services over TalkTalk Wholesale. In the UK, ADSL, FTTC and FTTP lines are typically served from the same local Openreach infrastructure, although A&A's use of multiple carriers enables diverse backhaul from telephone exchanges using TalkTalk's local-loop unbundling presence. In November 2022, Andrews & Arnold began offering FTTP services over the CityFibre network in England and Wales, marking their first services that do not make use of the Openreach network. Operations Andrews & Arnold offers broadband packages for large and small businesses, and home users. The company's owner, Adrian Kennard, stated in a blog post that as of October 2010, the company is "xkcd/806" compliant, referring to xkcd comic number 806. This means that technical support callers who say the code word "shibboleet" will be transferred to a technical support representative who knows at least two programming languages. Andrews & Arnold opposes censorship of Internet connections. In 2015–2017, Kennard published several blog posts discussing why Internet censorship as discussed in the UK is not workable. Andrews & Arnold provides optional bonded multiple-link internet access. Links can be of different types; each needs only to be a pipe that can carry IP packets. Awards and recognition The company was judged as the best niche internet service provider according to the Thinkbroadband Customer Service Awards in 2010. In 2021, it was voted as the best broadband provider in the UK on the ISPreview website. References