NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Коледж королеви (Оксфорд)

Куїнз-коледж (англ. Queen's College) — один з найстаріших коледжів Оксфордського університету. Історія Заснований в 1341 році. Міститься на вул. Гай-стріт. Замикає п'ятірку найбагатших коледжів університету. Також володіє однією з найбільших серед коледжів бібліотек (близько 50 тис. томів для користування, близько 100 тис. антикварних томів). У найменуванні коледжу слід звернути увагу на апостроф перед літерою «s», оскільки коледж присвячений виключно королеві Англії Філіппі Геннегау. Тому написання назви коледжу має бути з артиклем «The»: The queen's College. Спочатку коледж називався «Оксфордський хол вчених Королеви» (Hall of the queen's scholars of Oxford), потім просто Куїнз-хол (queen's Hall) або навіть Queenshall. У 1985 році назву коледжу було змінено. Історично був пов'язаний з Північною Англією. Бібліотека коледжу володіє однією з найцінніших у світі колекцій середньовічних рукописів і документів. Випускники Серед відомих випускників коледжу комік Роуен Аткінсон, один з творців WWW Тім Бернерс-Лі, австралійський політик Тоні Ебботт, король Англії Генріх V, астроном і геофізик Едмунд Галлей, астроном і космолог Едвін Габбл, богослов Джон Вікліф, засновник утилітаризму Дж. Бентам, поет і державний діяч Джон Девіс. Див. також Вікісховище має мультимедійні дані за темою: Коледж королеви (Оксфорд) Примітки Посилання http://www.queens.ox.ac.uk [Архівовано 7 червня 2022 у Wayback Machine.] [1]
Reigate Castle

Reigate Castle ist eine Burgruine in Reigate in der englischen Grafschaft Surrey. Geschichte König Wilhelm der Eroberer verlehnte das Land um Reigate an einen seiner Unterstützer, William de Warenne, der 1088 zum Earl of Surrey ernannt wurde. Man denkt, dass sein Sohn, William de Warenne, 2. Earl of Surrey, den Bau von Reigate Castle anordnete, auch wenn die De Warennes ihren südlichen Sitz in Lewes in Sussex hatten und zusätzlich Burgen in Yorkshire und in der Normandie. Um 1150 ordneten die De Warennes den Bau einer Stadt unterhalb der Burg an. Diese Siedlung war die Keimzelle der heutigen Stadt Reigate. Der Ursprung des Namens “Reigate” ist nicht sicher, scheint aber von „Roe-deer Gate“ zu kommen, da die Siedlung in der Nähe des Eingangs zum Rehpark der De Warennes lag. 1216 war Reigate Castle eine von vielen Burgen, die die Franzosen im südlichen England einnahmen; auch Chichester Castle gehörte beispielsweise dazu. 1347 wurde die Burg Eigentum der Familie FitzAlan, der Earls of Arundel. Ab 1397 gehörte Reigate Castle einer Reihe von Herren der Grundherrschaft Reigate, z. B. auch der einflussreichen Familie Howard. Sie war bis ins 16. Jahrhundert bewohnt und verfiel dann. 1648 wurde sie, nachdem sie im englischen Bürgerkrieg Gefolgsleuten der royalistischen Sache als Garnison gedient hatte, zerstört. 1777 wurde ein nachgemachtes, mittelalterliches Tor über den Ruinen der ursprünglichen Burg errichtet. Eine Inschrift auf der Seite des Tores, auf der einen Seite in Latein und auf der anderen in Englisch, lautet: „Um die Erinnerung an William, Earl Warren, der in alten Tagen hier wohnte und ein loyaler Verfechter unserer Freiheiten war, vor der Auslöschung, wie seine Burg im Laufe der Zeiten, zu retten, errichtete Richard Barnes auf eigene Kosten dieses Tor im Jahre 1777.“ Keines der ursprünglichen Burggebäude ist bis heute erhalten, mit Ausnahme der Barons' Cave. Sonst weiß man nicht viel über die Burg, an der bisher nie Ausgrabungen im größeren Stil durchgeführt wurden. Eine örtliche Legende weiß zu berichten, dass vor Unterzeichnung der Magna Carta sich die rebellischen Barone zur Ausarbeitung der Details des Dokumentes in dem weitläufigen Keller unter der Burg getroffen hätten. Für diese Geschichte gibt es allerdings keine Beweise. Heute Der Reigate Castle Tunnel verläuft unter dem Gelände von Reigate Castle und wurde 1823 gebaut. Es soll Europas erster Straßentunnel gewesen sein, wird aber heute nur noch für Fußgänger genutzt. Das Burggelände ist heute ein öffentlich zugänglicher Park. Keller Touren durch die Barons' Cave und die Tunnel Road Cave finden jeden zweiten Samstag im Monat von Mai bis September statt. Einzelnachweise Weblinks Fotogalerie von OldReigate.com Reigate Castle. ECastles.co.uk.
Reigate Castle

Reigate Castle is a former castle in the town of Reigate in the county of Surrey, England. None of the castle buildings survive today, but a cave below the site, considered to be part of the castle, still exists. Known as "Baron's Cave", it is occasionally open to the public for tours. The site of the castle is known as "Castle Grounds", and is a public park. At its entrance stands a folly, built in the 18th century, in the form a medieval castle gateway. History William the Conqueror granted the land around Reigate to one of his supporters, William de Warenne, who was created Earl of Surrey in 1088. It is believed that his son, William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey, ordered that Reigate Castle be built, although the de Warennes had their southern base in Lewes, Sussex, as well as castles in Yorkshire and Normandy. Around 1150 the de Warennes ordered that a town be constructed below the castle. This town forms the basis of modern-day Reigate. The origin of the name Reigate is uncertain, but appears to derive from Roe-deer Gate, as the town was situated near to the entrance to the de Warenne's deer park. Another possibility is that Reigate derives from Rhie-gat, roughly translating to the River's Course. In 1216 the castle was one of many captured by the French in southern England, including Chichester Castle. In 1347 the castle became the property of the FitzAlan family, Earls of Arundel. From 1397 it was owned by a number of Lords of the Manor of Reigate, including the influential Howard family. It was occupied until the 16th century, but fell into disrepair afterwards. It was demolished in 1648 after occupation as a garrison during the Civil War by followers of a Royalist uprising. In 1777 a mock medieval gateway was built over the ruins of the original castle. An inscription is written on the side of the gateway, in English on one side and Latin on the other: None of the original castle buildings have survived, with the exception of the Barons' Cave. Little more is known of the castle which has never been excavated on any great scale. Local legend says prior to the signing of Magna Carta, the rebellious barons met to hammer out the details of the document in the extensive caves below the castle. Modern day The Reigate Castle Tunnel runs under the grounds of Reigate Castle and was constructed in 1823. It is believed to be Europe's first road tunnel and is pedestrianised. The castle grounds remain as public gardens. The castle gate is the main feature of Reigate and Banstead's municipal coat of arms. Caves Tours of the Baron's and Tunnel Road Caves take place on the second Saturday of every month between May and September inclusive. References External links Photo gallery from oldreigate.com
Reigate College

Reigate College is a state college in Reigate, Surrey, England, for students aged 16–19. The college occupies part of the town centre between the High Street and railway station. Reigate College was graded by Ofsted as "Outstanding" in 2008. Curriculum The college offers predominantly GCE AS/A level and BTEC two-year courses, and GCSE re-sit courses in Mathematics, English Language and Biology, alongside a student's 2 year programme. Previously, there was provision for students to enrol on an Intermediate Programme (pre- A Level), however the college made an assertion that "due to changes in government policy this is now no longer the case". Feeder schools Recruiting or drawing from up to 100 state and independent schools each year, the college serves as a dedicated sixth form to seven partner schools: Oakwood School, Reigate School, Carrington School, de Stafford School, Merstham Park School, The Priory CofE School Dorking and The Beacon School. Students at these schools are guaranteed a place at the College, so long as they meet minimum entry requirements and have an excellent school reference. Independent learning centres (ILCs) The main ILC is in the Independent Learning centre building with the library. There is a computer suite, where students have access to PC's. There are copies of College textbooks and subject related magazines to support students' learning. Notable alumni Norman Cook, musician (also known as Fatboy Slim) Natasha Desborough, author and radio personality Michael Greco, actor Guy and Howard Lawrence, of Disclosure Jessie Mei Li, actress Hinako Omori, musician Ethan Pinnock, footballer Jake Roche, singer and former actor (a part of Push Baby) Faye White, former England football captain References External links School website
Reigate Heath Windmill

Reigate Heath Windmill is a grade II* listed post mill at Reigate Heath, Surrey, England which has been restored and is used as a chapel. It is thought to be the only windmill in the world which is a consecrated church. History of Reigate Heath Windmill Reigate Heath Windmill was built c.1765, although a mill was marked on maps dated 1753 and 1762. The mill was last worked by wind in April 1862. In 1880, the roundhouse was converted into a chapel of ease to St Mary's Parish Church, Reigate, the first service taking place on 14 September 1880. The chapel is known as the St Cross Chapel. The mill was offered for sale in 1891, and in 1900 was bought by Reigate Golf Club, who leased the mill back to the church. In 1926, a sail broke. New sails were fitted in 1927 by a millwright from Crawley, and a dummy fantail fitted to the rear of the mill - a feature the mill never had during its working life! The sails blew off in 1943 and were not replaced, although repairs were made to the mill in 1949. Following letters appearing in the Sunday Mirror, a survey was made of the mill in 1952, which revealed that although the roundhouse was in a good condition, the mill was not. Recommendations made included the replacement of the weather beam, which had been penetrated by rot to a depth of at least 3 inches (76 mm). In 1962, the mill was purchased by Reigate Borough Council, as the Golf Club were finding maintenance of the mill was becoming too onerous. The mill was restored over the next two years and new sails fitted. A church service was held on 18 October 1964, and since May 1965 a service has been held on the third Sunday of each month during the summer. Further restoration took place in 2002, including new sails and repairs and strengthening of the mill. The mill was awarded third place in the 2003 Green Apple Awards. The first wedding to be performed at the church was by the Rev. Thompson on 22 September 1984. The newly-weds were Diana L. Chiles and Andrew C. Bartlett. Description Reigate Heath Windmill is a post mill with a single-storey roundhouse. Winding is by tailpole. It originally had four common sails carried on a wooden windshaft, with the stones arranged head and tail. It was last worked with four double patent sails carried on a cast-iron windshaft, with the two pairs of millstones arranged side by side in the breast of the mill, driven underdrift by spur gearing. The wooden brake wheel is of clasp arm construction, with 104 cogs. This drove a cast-iron wallower with 33 teeth, carried on a cast-iron upright shaft. The spur wheel is also of cast iron, with 80 cogs. The stone nuts have 23 and 25 teeth respectively. Millers Quayle 1862 References for above:- Public access The roundhouse is open for church services one Sunday of each month during the summer, and there are occasional services at other times. References External links Windmill World webpage on Reigate Heath mill.
Holderness

Holderness ist eine englische Landschaft an der Küste Yorkshires. Holderness gehört heute zur Verwaltungseinheit East Riding of Yorkshire, nachdem es 1974 bis 1996 als Distrikt Borough of Holdeness zur Grafschaft Humberside gehört hatte. Westlich schließt sich die Landschaft Yorkshire Wolds an. Die flache Küste von Holderness ist der stärksten Erosion einer Küste in Europa unterworfen: 1,5 Meter erodieren pro Jahr, was eine Masse von insgesamt 2 Millionen Tonnen ergibt. Ein Teil dieses Materials wird von einer Küstenströmung transportiert und häuft sich bei der Landspitze Spurn auf. Seit römischer Zeit gingen in Holderness etwa 5 km Land an das Meer verloren, wodurch bis zum heutigen Tage 23 Städte durch Erosion verloren gingen. Acht Kilometer vor der Küste von Holderness befindet sich der Offshore-Windpark Westermost Rough. Weblinks
Holderness

Holderness – półwysep oraz większy region geograficzny w północno-wschodniej Anglii (Wielka Brytania), w hrabstwie East Riding of Yorkshire, pomiędzy estuarium Humber na południu a wybrzeżem Morza Północnego na wschodzie. Na zachodzie i północy sięga wzgórz Yorkshire Wolds. Jego teren jest nizinny, równinny, na znacznym obszarze nieprzekraczający wysokości 10 m n.p.m., wzdłuż wschodniego wybrzeża sięga 30 m n.p.m. Obszar ten ma charakter przeważająco wiejski i jest intensywnie wykorzystywany rolniczo. Wschodnie, morskie wybrzeże klifowe rozciąga się na długości nieco ponad 60 km od Bridlington na północy po zwieńczającą półwysep mierzeję Spurn Head na południu. Południowe wybrzeże, wzdłuż estuarium Humber, od Spurn Head do Hessle, liczy około 50 km długości. Zachodnia i północna granica regionu nie jest ściśle zdefiniowana, w przybliżeniu przebiega wzdłuż podnóża wzgórz Yorkshire Wolds, od Hessle, przez Cottingham, Beverley i Driffield do Bridlington. Przez zachodnią część regionu płynie rzeka Hull, uchodząca do estuarium Humber; nad jej ujściem, na skraju regionu Holderness, położone jest miasto Kingston upon Hull. Wybrzeże morskie Holderness podlega stałej abrazji. Erozja linii brzegowej postępuje średnio o 2 m rocznie i jest jedną z najszybciej postępujących na terenie Europy. Około 1 mln lat temu linia brzegowa przebiegała wzdłuż kredowych klifów na skraju pasma Yorkshire Wolds, około 32 km na zachód od obecnej, a Holderness było płytką zatoką. Podczas zlodowaceń, po raz ostatni pod koniec plejstocenu, ok. 10–18 tys. lat temu, naniesiony został tu materiał skalny w postaci gliny zwałowej; ta łatwo ulega wypłukiwaniu. Obecna linia brzegowa znajduje się około 5,5 km na zachód w stosunku do tej z czasów rzymskich (I–IV w. n.e.) i około 3 km na zachód od tej z czasów inwazji normańskiej w 1066 roku. Na przestrzeni wieków morze pochłonęło ponad 30 miast i wsi. Co najmniej od XIX wieku fragmenty linii brzegowej zabezpieczane były przed erozją przez budowę opasek i ostróg brzegowych. Ich budowa przyspiesza erozję na pozostałych odcinkach linii brzegowej. Holderness należy do najbardziej produktywnych obszarów rolniczych na terenie Anglii. Prowadzona jest tu uprawa zbóż, buraków cukrowych i roślin pastewnych oraz hodowla zwierząt, w tym trzody chlewnej i drobiu. Miasta Hornsea i Withernsea są ośrodkami turystyki nadmorskiej. W Easington znajduje się terminal gazowy, przetwarzający gaz ziemny wydobywany na Morzu Północnym, a w pobliżu Hornsea – magazyn gazu ziemnego. Kilka kilometrów od wybrzeża rozmieszczone są morskie farmy wiatrowe. Przypisy
Holderness

Holderness är en halvö på Englands östra kust, i Yorkshire, mellan Humber och Nordsjön, och som slutar i Spurn Head, 250 km norr om huvudstaden London. Källor Carlquist, Gunnar (red.) (1932). Svensk uppslagsbok. Malmö: Svensk Uppslagsbok AB:s förlag, band 13 s. 197. Externa länkar Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Holderness.
Restaurant Nathan Outlaw

Restaurant Nathan Outlaw is a two Michelin star restaurant owned and operated by Nathan Outlaw. It has previously been located in Marina Villa Hotel in Fowey, Cornwall, and in the St Enodoc Hotel in Rock, Cornwall. In March 2015 the restaurant relocated to Port Isaac, Cornwall and retained its two Michelin stars upon review. Description The restaurant was located at the Marina Villa Hotel in Fowey, Cornwall, between 2007 and November 2009. Outlaw closed the restaurant at the location as the hotel went on the market after the owner signalled his intention to retire from the business. Restaurant Nathan Outlaw relocated to the St Enodoc Hotel in Rock, Cornwall, in February 2010. It became the second Nathan Outlaw restaurant at the hotel, joining the previously opened Nathan Outlaw Seafood and Grill. Outlaw brought over most of the staff from the restaurant's previous location. At the National Restaurant Awards in 2010 where it was ranked eleventh, it was also awarded the Restaurateur's Choice award. Following the restaurant being awarded its second Michelin star in 2010, the turnover rose by 30% in the following year. Also in 2011, the restaurant was ranked in fifth place by the Good Food Guide. The Guide also awarded the restaurant the title of Best Fish Restaurant 2011. The restaurant currently has two Michelin stars, and four AA rosettes. It is the only seafood restaurant in the UK to hold a Michelin star. Reception While the restaurant was located in the Marina Villa at Fowey, Matthew Fort reviewed the restaurant for The Guardian. He was positive of the entire experience, despite visiting on a day in which Outlaw was not in the kitchen. It was the first time the critic had tried wreckfish, and described it as "beautifully cooked and hugely satisfying", while the pudding was "damned fine". Harper's Bazaar described the cooking as "precise and flavourful", and the restaurant as "chic and decidedly un-seasidey" despite its location on the Fowey Estuary. Zoe Williams visited the restaurant for The Daily Telegraph, but found the experience disappointing, with the main courses suffering from a number of problems. The restaurant was given a score of five out of ten. Harden's restaurant guide rating system (where 1 is high and 5 is low) has rated the food as 1, and the service and ambience both as 3. The restaurant itself is described as "small and very intimate", and Outlaw's cooking as "genius". Celebrity chef James Martin recommended the restaurant while acting as guest editor for At Home magazine. References External links Official website
National Army Museum

Das National Army Museum in London ist das zentrale Militärmuseum des britischen Heeres. Das Museum wurde 1960 eröffnet und befand sich zunächst bei der Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Im Jahr 1971 wurde es in einen vom Architekten William Holford entworfenen Neubau neben dem Royal Hospital im Londoner Stadtteil Chelsea verlegt. Auf dem Gelände befand sich früher das Wohnhaus von Robert Walpole, dem ersten Premierminister des Vereinigten Königreichs. Nachdem dieses abgerissen worden war, errichtete John Soane auf dem Grundstück eine neue Krankenstation für das Hospital. 1941 wurde diese durch Luftangriffe während des London Blitz zerstört. Das Museum zeigt auf vier Stockwerken Exponate aus der Geschichte der britischen Landstreitkräfte von der Aufstellung eines stehenden Heeres zu Beginn des englischen Bürgerkriegs im 17. Jahrhundert an bis zum Afghanistan- und Irakkrieg im 21. Jahrhundert. 2024 betrug die Besucherzahl etwa 178.000 Personen. Waffen und Rüstungen sind dagegen in den Museen der Royal Armouries ausgestellt, das Imperial War Museum beschäftigt sich in erster Linie mit der Geschichte der beiden Weltkriege. Weblinks Offizielle Website Einzelnachweise
National Army Museum

El Museo Nacional del Ejército (National Army Museum) es el museo nacional británico dedicado a la historia del ejército de tierra británico, desde 1485. Está situado en el distrito de Chelsea del centro de Londres. Descripción El museo ofrece un documentado recorrido de la historia del ejército de tierra, desde el siglo XIII hasta la actualidad mediante cuadros, dioramas y fragmentos de película de archivo que ilustran las más importantes acciones militares u ofrecen una idea de la vida en las trincheras. Destaca sobre todo por sus buenos cuadros de motivos bélicos y por los retratos de militares ilustres. Enlaces externos Wikimedia Commons alberga una categoría multimedia sobre el National Army Museum. Sitio web oficial del National Army Museum (solamente en inglés) Army Museums Ogilby Trust • guía a los 136 museos del Ejército del Reino Unido.
Museu Nacional do Exército (Reino Unido)

O National Army Museum é o principal museu do Exército Britânico. Ele está localizado no distrito Chelsea, na região central de Londres, Inglaterra, ao lado do Royal Hospital Chelsea. O National Army Museum é aberto ao público todos os dias do ano, das 10 da manhã às 17:30, exceto em 24-26 dezembro e 1º de janeiro. A entrada é gratuita. História O National Army Museum tem como patrono Sir Gerald Templer, que ajudou a financiar a construção do espaço. Ele foi criado com a intenção de primeiro coletar , preservar e exibir objetos e arquivos referentes ao exército britânico, assim como promover o interesse em pesquisas em torno da instituição. Após a reforma, o dirigentes do museu estabeleceram uma nova meta para o espaço, que ao invés de promover a instituição, deverá permitir ao público ter contato com a história das ações do exército inglês. Reforma De maio de 2014 até 30 de março de 2017, o museu permaneceu fechado para o publico, permitindo assim uma reforma no espaço. Após a conclusão das obras, a rainha em pessoa participou da reabertura do museu. Atrações Com a reforma, o museu ganhou algumas atrações especiais e interativas, como simuladores de tiro e de tanques de guerra, que podem ser usados pelos visitantes através de aparelhos 3D. Referências Ligações externas «Página oficial» (em inglês)
Restoration House

Restoration House is an Elizabethan mansion Manor House in Rochester, Kent. It is so named after a visit by King Charles II on the eve of his restoration in 1660. Charles had landed in Dover on 25 May 1660 and by the evening of the 28th arrived in Rochester. He was received by the Mayor and eventually retired for the night to the home of Colonel Gibbon. The following day Charles continued to London and was proclaimed King on 29 May, his 30th birthday. Although the home of Colonel Gibbon, the property was actually owned by Sir Francis Clerke (he was knighted during the visit), a fact which has led to confusion in the past. Although it is a private home, the house and garden are open to the public during the summer. The house is protected as a Grade I listed building. History Restoration House was originally two medieval buildings (1454 and 1502–22) with a space between. They were joined in 1640–1660 (tree ring data from roof) by inserting a third building between the two, to create a larger house. The first owner of the completed house was Henry Clerke, a lawyer and Rochester MP. Clerke caused further works in 1670, the refacing of the entrance facade, the Great Staircase and other internal works. The house was then bought by William Bockenham. It was owned by Stephen T. Aveling in the late 19th century, and he wrote a history of the house which was published in Vol. 15 of "Archaeologia Cantiana". Between the years 1933 to 1978 the home was owned by Mackeys, a Scottish family. They were known for being tight on spending. The building was then sold to William Moreton (sold by Mrs Mackey). Then the house was purchased for £270,000 by the English entertainer Rod Hull, in 1986, to save it from being turned into a car park; and he then spent another £500,000 restoring it. It was taken by the Receiver in 1994 to cover an unpaid tax bill. The current owners over the past decade have uncovered decoration schemes from the mid 17th century, which reveal the fashionable taste of the period, much influenced by the fashions on the continent. Charles Dickens According to the biographer John Forster, the novelist Charles Dickens, who lived nearby, used Restoration House as a model for Miss Havisham's Satis House in Great Expectations. The name "Satis House" belongs to the house where Rochester MP, Sir Richard Watts, entertained Queen Elizabeth I; it is now the administrative office of King's School, Rochester. References External links Official Website