NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Magpie Mine

Magpie Mine is a well-preserved disused lead mine near the village of Sheldon in Derbyshire, England, in the parish of Ashford in the Water. The walled enclosure of five lead mines (Magpie Mine, Dirty Red Soil, Great Red Soil, Maypit and Horsesteps) is a protected Scheduled Monument. Mid-Derbyshire has a history of industrial lead mining going back to Roman times. Lead mining at this site goes back to at least the 17th century. The Shuttlebark vein of lead ore was officially opened in 1682. Magpie Mine is recorded back to 1740. After over 200 years of operation, Magpie Mine closed in 1958 and was the last working lead mine in Derbyshire. The Peak District Mines Historical Society now manages the site and has undertaken much restoration work. Between productive, profitable times, there were closures for several years in 1793 and in 1835 because of floods, disputes and drops in the price of lead. In 1833 a bitter dispute led to three miners from the neighbouring Maypitt Mine being suffocated by smoke from fires lit deliberately by miners from the Magpie Mine. A murder trial followed but all of the 24 suspected culprits were freed because they had been provoked and it was also unclear which of them was actually responsible. The renowned mining engineer John Taylor took over management of the mine in 1839 and he established a complex of new limestone buildings and innovative equipment. The square chimney (renovated in 2016) and the circular chimney were both built in 1840. The agent's house, smithy, winding house (now demolished), circular gunpowder house and engine reservoir (to supply boiler and cooling water to the engines) were all constructed in the 1840s. In 1869 the Cornish engine house replaced an earlier engine house building and the winding engine was installed, with the winding drum that still remains. The main shaft was sunk in 1823 and is over 200m deep. The underground channel used to drain floodwater from the mines (the sough) was built from 1873 to 1881 and runs about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to its outlet into the River Wye to the north (carrying several million litres of water per day). The mine closed with financial troubles in 1883. It was operating for brief spells between 1913 and 1923 but was then only reopened again in 1950, before finally closing down in 1958. The existing steelwork frame of the headgear above the main shaft and the corrugated iron winding house are from the 1950s. A reproduction horse gin has been set up at the Red Soil mine shaft, where the original horse-powered winding gear was used to lift lead ore up to the surface. There is visitor access to the site along footpaths from Sheldon (about 500m north) and from lanes to the west, south and east. See also Odin Mine References
Steinkreis von Kingston Russell

Der Steinkreis von Kingston Russell (auch als Gorwell Circle bekannt) ist ein Steinkreis, der auf einem Kreiderücken zwischen den Dörfern Abbotsbury und Littlebredy in Dorset in England liegt und wahrscheinlich während der Bronzezeit errichtet wurde. Der Kingston-Russell-Kreis ist Teil einer Steinkreistradition, die sich während der späten Jungsteinzeit und der frühen Bronzezeit (3300 bis 900 v. Chr.) vor allem in Teilen der Britischen Inseln und der Bretagne ausbreitete. Der Zweck der Monumente ist unbekannt, obwohl Archäologen sie für religiöse Stätten halten. Eine Reihe solcher Kreise wurde in Dorset aus Sarsenstein errichtet, die kleiner sind als die Steine anderenorts. Der ovale Kingston-Russell ist der größte Kreis in Dorset. Er misst etwa 27,0 × 24,0 Meter und enthält 18 Steine. Einige sind gebrochen, und es ist unmöglich zu sagen, welche Fragmente ursprünglich Basen sind und welche obere Teile waren. Die Steine variieren in der Größe von 2,0 × 0,5 Meter bis zu 1,0 × 0,3 Meter. 1980 hieß es, dem Kreis sei in den letzten Jahren ein Stein „hinzugefügt“ worden. Der Antiquar John Hutchins (1698–1773) erwähnte den Kreis in seinem posthum erschienenen Werk The History and Antiquities of Dorset von 1774. Beeinflusst von den Ideen des amerikanischen Antiquars William Stukeley (1687–1765) beschrieb Hutchins den Kingston-Russell als „druidischen Kreis“ und schrieb seine Entstehung den Druiden der Eisenzeit zu. Das Gelände wurde weder ausgegraben noch einer eingehenden archäologischen Untersuchung unterzogen, ist aber ein geplantes Denkmal und wurde daher gemäß dem Gesetz über die antiken Denkmäler und archäologischen Gebiete von 1979 geschützt. Die zerstörte Grabkammer The Grey Mare and her Colts liegt im Südosten. Weiter östlich liegen der Hellstone und die Tumuli von Black Down. Literatur Aubrey Burl: The Stone Circles of the British Isles. Yale University Press, New Haven CT u. a. 1976, ISBN 0-300-01972-6. Einzelnachweise Weblinks Beschreibung engl. und Bilder Beschreibung engl. und Bilder
Ulshaw Bridge

Ulshaw Bridge is a historic bridge in the hamlet of Ulshaw, in North Yorkshire, in England. The bridge crosses the River Ure, east of Middleham, and so straddles the boundary of East Witton and Thornton Steward civil parishes. It has sometimes been described as lying on the line of a Roman road, although no such road has been located, and the discovery of a Roman fort in Wensley suggests that a more northerly route is likely. A wooden bridge over the Ure near Middleham was recorded by John Leland, although it is not certain whether it was on this site. The first definite reference to the bridge was in 1588, when 200 marks were spent repairing it. The bridge was rebuilt between 1673 and 1674, at a cost of £1,000. The new bridge spanned 65 feet (20 m), and was 12 feet (3.7 m) wide. The parapets were later rebuilt, probably in the late 19th century. Nikolaus Pevsner described the bridge as "an impressive job with three pairs of mighty cutwaters". The bridge, which carries a minor road, is built of a mixture of carved stone and rubble. It consists of four segmental arches, one with a chamfered surround, and with rusticated parapets. There are triangular cutwaters rising to refuges, two with seats, the middle one containing an octagonal sundial base with initials and the date. It has been a scheduled monument since 1925, and was grade II listed in 1967. See also Listed buildings in East Witton Listed buildings in Thornton Steward List of crossings of the River Ure References
Sutton Valence Castle

Sutton Valence Castle var et middelalderslot i landsbyen Sutton Valence i Kent i England, der i dag er ruin. Det blev bygget i anden halvdel af 1100-tallet af Baldwin af Bethune, der var Greve af Aumale. Slottet ligger med overblik over en strategisk rute til kysten, og den oprindelige fæstning bestod sandsynligvis af en indre, en ydre bailey og barbican med et keep i tre etager på den sydlige side. Det gik i arv og kom ind i Marshal og de Montforts familier, inden Henrik 3. af England gav det til sin halvbror William de Valence i 1265. Herefter har slottet gået under navnet Valence. Det blev forladt i begyndelsen af 1300-tallet og forfaldt. Det bliver forvaltet af English Heritage, og ruinerne af keepet er åbne for offentligheden. Se også Liste over borge og slotte i England
Sutton Valence Castle

Sutton Valence Castle är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i grevskapet Kent och riksdelen England, i den sydöstra delen av landet, 60 km sydost om huvudstaden London. Sutton Valence Castle ligger 91 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Sutton Valence Castle är platt. Närmaste större samhälle är Gillingham, 19,9 km norr om Sutton Valence Castle. Trakten runt Sutton Valence Castle består till största delen av jordbruksmark. Kommentarer Källor
Penventinnie Round

Penventinnie Round ist ein Ringfort (cornisch: Round; irisch Rath genannt) mit der National Monument Nummer 29614 in Penventinnie bei Threemilestone, nordwestlich von Truro in Cornwall in England. Beschreibung Das Ringfort besteht aus einer ovalen prähistorischen Einhegung mit einem inneren Wall und einem breiten äußeren Graben. Das Nordost-Südwest orientierte Oval misst innen 85 × 60 m und ist von einem etwa 8,0 m breiten und 2,0 m hohen Erdwall umgeben. Der einstige Eingang auf der Nordostseite wurde von einem neueren Eingang auf der Südwestseite ergänzt. Um den Wall liegt ein auf der Nordseite etwa 3,5 m breiter und 1,8 m tiefer Graben, der auf der Südseite durch kolluviale Eintragungen weit weniger gut erkennbar ist. Das Ringfort verfügt auf drei Seiten über die natürlichen Annäherungshindernisse des Kenwyn River und seiner Nebenflüsse, die offene Seite liegt im Südwesten. Kontext Während der Eisenzeit, von etwa 400 v. Chr. erschienen Gruppen von Rundhäusern und Nebengebäuden, die von einem Wall und Graben (manchmal auch von zweien – Bury Castle – oder mehreren) eingeschlossen wurden. Die Einhegungen sind in der Regel kleiner als einen Hektar. Sie besitzen einen einfachen Eingangsbereich durch eine Lücke im Wall und Graben. Viele sind rund oder oval, aber rechteckige sind ebenfalls üblich. Das Gebiet um Penventinnie umfasst mehrere, weitgehend zeitgleiche Ringforts. Dazu gehören Higher Besore, Polstain und Threemilestone im Süd- und Carvinack im Nordwesten. Das Hillfort von Bosvisack liegt auf einer Anhöhe, etwa 1,0 km westlich. Siehe auch Bosvisack Round St. Piran’s Round Weblinks Beschreibung engl. und Bilder Bild
Laira Battery

Laira Battery is a former 19th-century fort next to Plymouth, England. It was built as a result of the Royal Commission on National Defence of 1859 to defend the landward approaches to the north east of Plymouth. This was part of an overall scheme for the defence of the Royal Naval Dockyard at Devonport. They were known as Palmerston Forts after the Prime Minister who championed the scheme. It was designed to be armed with 13 guns and overlooked the River Laira. To house part of the Forts' Garrison a barrack block to house two officers and 30 men was built within the rear section of the Fort. Some of the gun positions were in protected Haxo casemates and a vaulted magazine stored the ammunition for the guns. By the early 1900s the Fort had become obsolete as a defensive position and was disarmed. It was sold by the War Office in 1961. It was Grade II listed in 2003. It is now used as a plant hire yard. References Bibliography Hogg, Ian V (1974). Coast Defences of England and Wales 1856-1956. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153 6353-0. Woodward, Freddy (1996). The Historic Defences of Plymouth. Cornwall County Council. ISBN 978-1898166467. External sources Palmerston Forts Society
Fort Efford

Fort Efford is a former 19th-century Fort, built as a result of the Royal Commission on National Defence of 1859. It was built to defend the landward approaches to the North East of Plymouth. This was part of an overall scheme for the defence of the Royal Naval Dockyard at Devonport, Plymouth. They were known as Palmerston Forts after the Prime Minister who championed the scheme. Designed by Captain (later Maj General) Edmund Frederick Du Cane, it was built by George Baker and Company and finished by the Royal Engineers. It was armed with 21 guns, some of which flanked the nearby Laira Battery. To house part of the Forts' Garrison a barrack block to house five officers and 108 men was built within the rear section of the Fort. In the 1890s a moveable armament shed was built on the parade ground to house two 5-inch Breech Loading guns. By the early 1900s the Fort had become obsolete as a defensive position and was disarmed. During the Second World War it was used for ammunition storage. It was sold by the War Office in 1961. It was Grade II listed in 2003. It has been used for storage by the Showman's Guild for many years. References Bibliography Hogg, Ian V (1974). Coast Defences of England and Wales 1856-1956. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153 6353-0. Woodward, Freddy (1996). The Historic Defences of Plymouth. Cornwall County Council. ISBN 978-1898166467. External sources Palmerston Forts Society
Glottenham Castle

Glottenham Castle was a castle in Mountfield, East Sussex, around 5 miles (8 km) north of Battle Abbey. Built in the 13th century, it was abandoned in the late 16th or 17th century. History The Sussex manor of Glottenham has had boundary ditches since the 11th century, and the moat at Glottenham Castle is believed to date from around 1200. Glottenham Castle was built in the late 13th century. The castle had stone walls, two square towers and a gatehouse. The castle was owned by the de Etchingham family, before being abandoned in the late 16th or 17th century. In the 19th century, the land around Glottenham Castle was used for growing hops. In 1920, the castle's estate was sold at auction, and was listed as 595 acres (241 ha). In 1990, the site was listed under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. The site is now a popular camping and glamping site. References
Glottenham Castle

Glottenham Castle är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i grevskapet East Sussex och riksdelen England, i den sydöstra delen av landet, 70 km sydost om huvudstaden London. Glottenham Castle ligger 47 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Glottenham Castle är platt. Närmaste större samhälle är Hastings, 15,3 km sydost om Glottenham Castle. Trakten runt Glottenham Castle består i huvudsak av gräsmarker. Kommentarer Källor
Círculo de Pedra de Withypool

O Círculo de Pedra de Withypool é um círculo de pedra situado no pântano de Exmoor, próximo da vila de Withypool, no sudoeste do condado inglês de Somerset. O anel faz parte de uma tradição de construção de círculos de pedra, que se espalhou por grande parte da Grã-Bretanha, Irlanda e Bretanha, durante o final do período Neolítico e o começo da Idade do Bronze, durante um período entre 3 300 e 900 a.C. O propósito dos monumentos é desconhecido, embora os arqueólogos especulem que as pedras representaram entidades sobrenaturais para os construtores do círculo. Muitos monumentos foram construídos em Exmoor durante a Idade do Bronze, mas restaram apenas dois círculos de pedra, sendo o outro, o Círculo de Pedra de Porlock. O anel de Withypool está localizado na encosta sudoeste de Withypool Hill, em uma região de charneca. Tem cerca de 36,4 metros de diâmetro. Restam entorno de trinta pequenas pedras de areia, embora se especule que possam ter existido originalmente cerca de 100. Existem lacunas visíveis nos lados norte e oeste do monumento. O local foi redescoberto em 1898 e pesquisado pelo arqueólogo Harold St George Gray em 1905. Localização O Círculo de Pedra de Withypool está situado na encosta sudoeste de Withypool Hill; algumas fontes se referem a ele como Withypool Hill Stone Circle. O local está a 381 metros acima do nível do mar. Está a 670 metros (733 jardas) a leste da Ponte Portford e 4,4 quilômetros a sul-sudoeste de Exford. O local desce de leste a oeste. A camada superficial do solo é turfosa com urze. Uma variedade de diferentes carrinhos de mão redondos da Idade do Bronze, um tipo de túmulo, são visíveis em diferentes pontos da paisagem circundante. Há um túmulo solitário de 262 metros a nordeste do círculo, no cume da Colina de Withypool, embora esteja tão erodido que não pode mais ser visto do próprio Círculo de Pedra de Withypool. Os três Brightworthy Barrows podem ser vistos do círculo na direção noroeste. Outros carrinhos da Idade do Bronze visíveis do círculo são: o Green Barrow, o Old Barrow, os Twitchen Barrows, os três Wam Barrows de Winsford Hill e o túmulo no topo de Sherdon. Também visível do círculo é uma dispersão de mais de trinta pedras no Westwater Allotment; estes têm até 0,5 m de comprimento e, em 1988, dois foram relatados como estando de pé. Em outro lugar em Withypool Common há uma coleção de seis pedras dispostas em um círculo irregular, que pode ter representado outro círculo de pedra ou talvez os meios-fios de um marco redondo destruído desde então. Notas Referências
Old St Margaret's Church, Harwood Dale

Old St Margaret's Church is a ruined Anglican church in Harwood Dale, a village in North Yorkshire, in England. The church was built in 1634 for Thomas Posthumous Hoby, in memory of his wife. In 1862, it was replaced by the current St Margaret's Church, Harwood Dale, a mile down the valley, and it gradually fell into ruin. The surviving ruins were consolidated in the later 20th century. They were grade II listed in 1967, and the site was made a scheduled monument in 2004. Despite this, the structure suffered further damage, and some stones were stolen, leading to access to the site being restricted. The church is built of grey sandstone and has no roof. It has a rectangular plan, measuring 13.9m by 4.6m, with a south porch and a west bellcote. At the east end is a three-light window with a transom, and the west end has a two-light round-arched window with a keystone. In the north wall are two-light windows, and a blocked doorway with an ogee arch. All the windows have chamfered frames and mullions. No internal features survive, although there are traces of plaster on the walls. See also Listed buildings in Harwood Dale References
Horne's Place Chapel

Horne's Place Chapel is a late mediaeval timber-framed house with private chapel in Appledore, Kent, England. It was designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building in 1952. The chapel is open to view, but the attached manor house is a private dwelling. History In the reign of King John (during 1166 – 1216), 'Ralph de Horne' (of Kenardington), was one of the recognitores magnæ assisæ, or justices of the great assize. Then in 1276, King Edward granted land containing the manor to Matthew Horne (Ralph's son). A chapel was soon built afterwards. The domestic chapel allowed the Horne family to attend services conveniently at home rather than obliging them to travel to the parish church, and receipt of the licence for worship was an indicator of the family's high status. The chapel was licensed for divine service in 1366 by Archbishop Simon Langham. Matthew's descendant, William Horne, was one of the conservators of the peace in 1367. In 1381, the property was entered during the Peasants' Revolt, and £10 worth of goods stolen from the farmhouse. In 1392, Henry Horne (MP) inherited Horne's Place. In 1406, Michael Horne (son of Matthew Horne) became a Sheriff of Kent. He is also thought to be buried in a tomb in the chapel. Later, Robert Horne (Michael's son) also became a Sheriff of Kent in 1452. Soon after the Horne family left Horne's Place and moved to 'Little Horne' in Kenardington. The estate of Horne's Place was known as 'Great Horne'. Robert Horne, then died in 1461. It was then given by Queen Mary I to Philip Chute (a yeoman of the guard in 1536). It was then used as a barn in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Construction The 8 metres by 4 metres (26 feet by 13 feet) chapel is built of Kentish ragstone and rubble with a tiled roof. Roof was re-placed in 1520. It also has a stone-flagged floor. It has a double cinquefoil window and blocked 4 centre arch on the west side. The south side has an ogee opening (moulded arch) with a window of 3 cinquefoil-headed lights. The east side has a traceried window with a triple cinquefoil symbol. The northside has a similar window. The chapel was originally linked to the hall wing of the manor house by a doorway, which is now blocked, along its north wall. The chapel also has barrel-vaulted undercroft and a roof from 1520 of 4 heavily moulded arch braces rising from stone corbels. The corbels are decorated with Catherine wheels. Nikolaus Pevsner has described the details of this ‘exquisite little building’ as being ‘of the utmost refinement, far above the level of the local parish churches’ in his Buildings of England. References
Sudbury Town (stanice metra v Londýně)

Sudbury Town je stanice metra v Londýně, otevřená 28. června 1903. Dříve se nacházela na lince District Line dnes na: Piccadilly Line (mezi stanicemi Sudbury Hill a Alperton) Externí odkazy Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Sudbury Town na Wikimedia Commons
Sudbury Town (London Underground)

Sudbury Town ist eine oberirdische Station der London Underground im Stadtbezirk London Borough of Brent. Sie liegt in der Travelcard-Tarifzone 4, zwischen dem Station Crescent und dem Orchard Gate. Im Jahr 2013 nutzten 1,98 Millionen Fahrgäste diese von der Piccadilly Line bediente Station. Etwa 350 Meter weiter nördlich befindet sich der Bahnhof Sudbury and Harrow Road der Eisenbahngesellschaft Chiltern Railways. Die Metropolitan District Railway (MDR, die heutige District Line) eröffnete am 28. Juni 1903 eine neue Strecke von Park Royal & Twyford Abbey nach South Harrow. Der Abschnitt zwischen Ealing Common und Park Royal & Twyford Abbey war fünf Tage zuvor eröffnet worden. Die neue Strecke war - zusammen mit den bereits existierenden Gleisen ab Acton Town - die erste elektrifizierte Unterpflasterbahn der Underground. Am 4. Juli 1932 wurde der Betrieb auf der Strecke zwischen Ealing Common und Rayners Lane an die Piccadilly Line übertragen. Das Stationsgebäude war ursprünglich ein schlichter Holzbau. Dieser wurde 1930/31 als Vorbereitung auf die Übergabe der Strecke an die Piccadilly Line abgerissen und durch einen Neubau ersetzt. Frank Pick, der Geschäftsführer von London Underground, und der Architekt Charles Holden entwickelten neuartige U-Bahn-Stationen, die Funktionalismus und Art déco vereinten und wegweisend für die britische Architektur der Zwischenkriegszeit waren. Sudbury Town war dabei das erste einer ganzen Reihe von Bauwerke dieser Art. Das am 19. Juli 1931 eingeweihte Gebäude besteht aus einem massiven, über einem flachen Zweckbau aufragenden Block aus roten Ziegelsteinen mit hohen Obergaden, die viel natürliches Tageslicht in die großzügig dimensionierte Schalterhalle eindringen lassen. Seit 1971 steht die Station unter Denkmalschutz (Grade II). Weblinks Foto der Eingangshalle (Dezember 1931) Einzelnachweise
Sudbury Town (métro de Londres)

Sudbury Town (en anglais : Sudbury Town tube station ou Sudbury Town Park Underground Station), est une station de la ligne Piccadilly du métro de Londres, en zone 4 Travelcard. Elle est située sur la Station Approach, à Sudbury, sur le territoire du borough londonien de Brent, dans le Grand Londres. Situation sur le réseau La station Sudbury Town, de la branche Uxbridge, de la ligne Piccadilly du métro de Londres est située entre la station Sudbury Hill, en direction du terminus Uxbridge et la station Alperton en direction du terminus Cockfosters. Elle dispose des deux voies de la ligne encadrées par deux quais latéraux numérotés 1 et 2. Histoire La station Sudbury Town est mise en service le 28 juin 1903. Son bâtiment d'origine est démoli en 1930-1931 et remplacé par un nouvel édifice suivant les plans de l'architecte Monument classé de Grade II* dans le Grand Londres dans un style moderne Européen, avec l'utilisation en association de la brique, du béton armé et du verre. Services aux voyageurs Accès et accueil L'accès principal de la station est situé sur la Station Approach, à Sudbury. Desserte Sudbury Town est desservie par les rames de la branche Uxbridge ligne Piccadilly du métro de Londres circulant sur les relations Uxbridge (ou Rayners Lane) - Cockfosters. Intermodalité La station est desservie par des autobus de Londres de la ligne 204. Patrimoine ferroviaire Son bâtiment, des années 1930, dû à l'architecte Charles Holden, est un monument classé de Grade II en 1971. À proximité Sudbury Notes et références Voir aussi Articles connexes Métro de Londres Transport for London Liste des stations du métro de Londres Liste des stations fermées du métro de Londres Piccadilly line Liens externes (en) « Sudbury Town Underground Station », sur Transport for London. Portail du métro Portail de Londres Portail des monuments classés au Royaume-Uni