NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Rainsborough Camp

Rainsborough Camp is an Iron Age hillfort in West Northamptonshire, England, between the villages of Croughton, Aynho, and Charlton. Location and description There are extensive views to the north-west towards the Cherwell valley; the land is flat to the south-east. The altitude is 145 metres (476 ft). It is a bivallate fort, roughly oval, and longest from north to south; the area is about 2.6 hectares (6.4 acres). The interior, having been under cultivation in the past, is featureless. The inner rampart is about 3 metres (10 ft) above the enclosed area; the rampart is about 4 metres (13 ft) above its external ditch. The outer rampart is up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) high on the south side, 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in) on the west and north side, no longer visible on the east side. There are slight traces of a ditch outside the outer rampart on the west side. The original entrance is the slightly inturned gap in the western side; other entrances are later. The site was landscaped in the late 18th century. The inner bank was made higher and the inner ditch deeper; a dry-stone wall was added to the outer slope of the inner bank: this is visible along much of the rampart. Excavation The site was excavated extensively between 1961 and 1965. Several phases of occupation were found. There was pre-fort occupation in the 6th/5th centuries B.C. A bivallate fort was built in the 5th century B.C.: the inner rampart was tiered in three steps at the rear, and the west entrance had stone guardrooms behind the inturned entrances. Occupation continued, with repairs to the defences, until the early 4th century B.C. when the fort was attacked and burnt, and perhaps abandoned. In the late 2nd century B.C. the fort was refortified: the ramparts had a glacis form, and the entrance was rebuilt. The work was left incomplete and the fort was abandoned. There is evidence of activity in the Roman period, in the late 1st century A.D. and the 3rd to 4th centuries A.D. References
Rainton Meadows

Rainton Meadows is a nature reserve just to the west of East Rainton, County Durham, north-east England. The reserve, which covers 60 ha, and the adjacent Joe's Pond Site of Special Scientific Interest, are managed by Durham Wildlife Trust. Geography The reserve occupies the site of the restored Rye Hill surface coal mine and now provides a wide variety of habitats including grassland, scrub, mature woodland and several ponds. Wildlife to be seen here includes mute swan, skylark, lapwing, short-eared owl and brown hare; roe deer, water voles, dragonflies, common frogs, common toads and smooth newts are also present. At the southern end of the reserve are damp meadows with hemlock and willowherb, and a dry meadow, which contains cowslips in the spring. Rainton Meadows is the headquarters of the Durham Wildlife Trust, which also operates an educational centre, including a purpose-built classroom and a community wildlife garden. Directions Rainton Meadows can be found by following the brown signs from the A690 between Durham and Sunderland. By bus, the Meadows is served by the 20A every 20 minutes and the 35 every 20 minutes and stops at Rainton Bridge, alternatively the 20 serves nearby with a 5/10 minute walk from the bottom of Gillas Lane West, the 4 and 71 also serve nearby Fencehouses and Chilton with a 15/20 minute walk. Facilities Accessibility All areas are accessible to disabled visitors Toilets for disabled visitors Guide dogs are permitted Ramp / level access An on-site café offers tea, coffee, sweets, light refreshments and ice cream. References
Rake Brook

Der Rake Brook ist ein Wasserlauf in Lancashire, England. Er entsteht nördlich des Great Hill und fließt in nördlicher Richtung. Seine Mündung in den River Roddlesworth wurde zwischen 1850 und 1857 von Thomas Hawksley zum Rake Brook Reservoir ausgebaut, dass sich an das westliche Ende des gleichzeitig gebauten Lower Roddlesworth Reservoirs anschließt. An der Westseite des Rake Brook Reservoirs schließt sich ein von Hawksley gebauter Kanal mit dem Namen The Goit an, der eine Verbindung zu den Rivington Reservoirs herstellt. Weblinks Rivington Reservoirs auf Pastscape von Historic England
Rake Brook Reservoir

Rake Brook Reservoir is a reservoir fed by two streams, including the eponymous Rake Brook, a tributary of the River Roddlesworth in Lancashire, England. The reservoir is adjacent to the two Roddlesworth Reservoirs. It was constructed in the 1850s by Thomas Hawksley for Liverpool Corporation Waterworks, and was designed to hold compensation water to maintain flows in the rivers, whereas the reservoirs at Lower Rivington, Upper Rivington and Anglezarke held water for the public water supply. Water from the reservoir was fed into Anglezarke reservoir by a 3.75-mile (6.04 km) channel called The Goit. Construction of the reservoir was authorised by the Liverpool Corporation Waterworks Act 1847 (10 & 11 Vict. c. cclxi), and the engineer Thomas Hawksley designed an earth dam which was 85 feet (26 m) tall at its highest point and 1,490 feet (450 m) long. The reservoir was finished in 1857, and impounded 73 million imperial gallons (330 Ml) of water when full. Bibliography References
Raleigh Park, Oxfordshire

Raleigh Park is a park of about 27 acres (110,000 m2) in North Hinksey, Oxfordshire (formerly in Berkshire), just west of Oxford. The land was formerly part of the estates of the Harcourt family. The land was sold in 1924 to Raymond ffennell, then owner of Wytham Abbey, who gave it to the City of Oxford for use as a park. It was named in honour of Walter Raleigh, who lived nearby on Harcourt Hill and died in 1922. Although the park lies in the green belt outside the city boundary, it is managed by Oxford City Council as a nature reserve and recreational park. It is on rising ground, giving expansive views over the city of Oxford. References External links Friends of Raleigh Park
Ralph Allen School

Ralph Allen School in Combe Down, Bath, England, is a co-educational, comprehensive secondary school with academy status. Located on the south-eastern edge of Bath, the school educates 11 to 18-year-olds from Bath and the surrounding area. History The school was built and named in 1957 to commemorate Ralph Allen (1693-1764). It opened in 1958. Awards In 2004, the school gained specialist Science College status, and has also been recognised by Artsmark Silver, Investors in People, Investors in Student Careers, Schools for Health, Partnership Promotion School and Sportsmark Gold awards. Partnerships The school is part of the Bath Education Trust, working closely with other local schools, colleges, universities and businesses. It also works closely with the James Dyson Foundation, and is part of the Active Transport to Schools project. Notable former pupils Tobie Donovan, actor Becky Francis, educationalist and academic Sarah Gibson, British MP Serena Guthrie, netball player Jeremy Guscott, rugby player Chris Lawrence, CG Supervisor on 'Gravity' Jake Sinclair, football player Scott Sinclair, football player Oliver Sourbut, AI safety researcher at FLF Danny Wallace, comic writer References External links Ralph Allen School Website Ofsted inspection reports for Ralph Allen School Ofsted inspection reports for Ralph Allen School (pre 2012 conversion to Academy)
Ralph Thoresby School

Ralph Thoresby School is a foundation secondary school and sixth form located in Holt Park, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Named after the antiquarian Ralph Thoresby, the comprehensive school accommodates about 1000 pupils aged between 11 and 18. Ralph Thoresby School is part of the North West Leeds Education Partnership Trust with local Primary Schools. At 6th Form Level the school is part of a partnership arrangement with Lawnswood School. The school provides for pupils with severe physical and visual impairment. History The original Ralph Thoresby High School was built on Farrar Lane in 1973 and opened for pupils in 1974, as part of the overall development of Holt Park. The school was situated alongside, and saw use of the facilities of Holt Park Leisure Centre; contained a public library, and a large (228 seat) raked auditorium “community” theatre. It was notably lacking a school hall. The shared spaces, such as the theatre, were counted against the notional teaching space surface area meaning that the school rapidly ran out of actual classroom space. Holt Park Middle School sat adjacent, until being absorbed into Ralph Thoresby High School upon its closure on 31/08/1992. The first Head Teacher was Dawn Lynes with Derek Webber as her Deputy. The original school buildings were demolished in 2007 and replaced with the present day Ralph Thoresby School building which incorporates a community library and community theatre. It is adjacent to the Holt Park Active Centre which opened in 2013. Ofsted inspection Ralph Thoresby School was inspected by Ofsted in March 2015. The inspectors rated the school Grade 2 (Good) in all areas and for overall effectiveness. As of 2021, the school's most recent inspection was in 2018, with a judgement of Good. Academic performance Results at both Key Stage 4 and Key Stage 5 improved in 2013. At Key Stage 4, 52% of pupils achieved at least 5 grades A*-C including English and Maths (an increase of 5 percentage points since 2012); 87% of students achieved at least 5 A*-C grades in subjects (an increase of 20 percentage points since 2012). In A-level, 45% of pupils achieved A*-A grades and 98% of students achieved A-E grades. References External links School Homepage Link to image of original school EduBase
Ram Hill Colliery

Ram Hill Colliery, (grid reference ST679803) was a privately owned colliery in the Coalpit Heath area north-east of Bristol, England. It operated between about 1825 and 1865. General description Ram Hill Colliery was sunk sometime between 1820 and 1830. It was owned by the Coalpit Heath Company, which included Sir John Smyth as a shareholder. Sir John was one of the main proponents of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Railway, which linked the pit and others in the area to Cuckolds Pill in Bristol. At this date workable coal was dependent on a means of transport to market, so that the railway and the pit were interdependent. Ram Hill was 558 ft deep and was originally worked by a horse gin, the remains of which were still visible in 2006. In later years it was worked by a beam engine. The pit was linked under ground to Churchleaze and Rose Oak Pits, forming the hub of 19th century coal mining in Westerleigh parish. Abandonment Abandonment plans show that the colliery, along with other Coalpit Heath pits at Churchleaze and New Engine, closed in the 1860s as the nearby Frog Lane Colliery increased production. In later years land in the area was purchased by the Great Western Railway for the construction of their direct route between Wootton Bassett and the Severn Tunnel via Badminton. The new line passed through the area in a deep cutting immediately north of the pit. Modern studies The site was rediscovered by local archaeologist and author John Cornwell in 1981 and has since been excavated, first by workers on a job creation scheme, and latterly by the "Friends of Ram Hill Colliery" who cleared the area of flora and removed two spoil heaps which were formed during earlier excavations. Excavation of the Ram Hill site exposed more of the railway, including stone blocks with cast iron chairs in situ and the remains of a boiler house for a steam engine. Other remains at the site included the foundations of a horse gin and the uncapped shaft of the pit. A geophysical survey, using resistivity, at Ram Hill Colliery has revealed clear traces of a reservoir in the northern corner of the site. In 2006 the Ram Hill Colliery site was designated by English Heritage as a Scheduled Ancient Monument, recognising the national importance of the site and protecting it in the future. Other Coal Mines Churchleaze mine is described at New Engine. For the nearby Ram Hill Engine Pit, Churchleaze No. 1 Pit and Churchleaze No. 2 Pit see Ram Hill. Serridge Engine Pit, Orchard (or Middle Wimsey) Pit, No. 11 Pit and New Engine Pit were situated in the neighbouring hamlet of Henfield. References The Bristol Coalfield by John Cornwell.
Ramsbury Manor

Ramsbury Manor es una casa de campo de Ramsbury (Wiltshire), situada junto al río Kennet entre Hungerford y Marlborough, en el sur de Inglaterra. Es un monumento de Grado I en la Lista de Patrimonio Nacional de Inglaterra.​ Historia Sir William Jones compró la propiedad en 1676. Deseaba una casa de campo acorde con su estatus social, y recurrió a Robert Hooke (el destacado científico que además era uno de los arquitectos más notables de la época), al que conocía desde que había supervisado la construcción de la casa de Jones en Bloomsbury.​ Hooke visitó a Jones al menos cinco veces en 1681, probablemente para mostrarle sus diseños de Ramsbury Manor. La construcción de la casa probablemente empezó en 1681, pero estaba todavía sin acabar cuando Sir William murió en mayo de 1682. La estructura principal se completó en 1683, y los trabajos en el interior del edificio continuaron hasta 1686. La mansión es un ejemplo excelente del estilo arquitectónico de casa de campo propio de Hooke, ennoblecido con los mejores estándares de construcción de aquella época.​ Entre sus residentes notables figuran Sir Francis Burdett, un político Whig radical, y su hija Angela Burdett-Coutts (1814-1906), la mujer más rica de Inglaterra en su tiempo. En 1950, la última locomotora de vapor de la Clase GWR Manor construida recibió el nombre de Ramsbury Manor. La casa y la finca fueron compradas por el industrial William Rootes en 1958.​ Después de su muerte en diciembre de 1964, la propiedad fue adquirida por el magnate inmobiliario Harry Hyams, convirtiéndose en su residencia habitual hasta su muerte en 2015. Hyams compró la casa por 650.000 libras esterlinas, siendo calificada en el Libro Guinness de los récords de 1966 como "la casa más cara de Gran Bretaña".​ El 1 de febrero de 2006 la mansión fue el escenario de un importante robo cometido por la banda de Johnson.​ Los ladrones fueron detenidos, juzgados y condenados; el fiscal Paul Reid declaró que: "El asalto ha sido descrito como el robo en un domicilio particular más cuantioso nunca cometido en este país. El valor de la colección sustraída se considera incalculable. Es muy difícil tasar objetos antiguos –algunos de ellos muy preciosos y muy raros– pero suponen decenas de millones de libras". En agosto de 2008 los miembros de la banda fueron condenados con largas penas de prisión.​​​​ En su testamento, Hyams donó la casa y sus colecciones de coches y arte a la nación, a través de la Fundación Capricorn, en un testamento estimado en un valor de 450 millones de libras.​​ Referencias
Ramsey Heights nature reserve

Ramsey Heights Nature Reserve is a small nature reserve near the village of Ramsey Heights in Cambridgeshire, England. The reserve is 5 ha (12 acres) in extent and features ponds formed from abandoned clay pits that are rich in aquatic plant and insect life. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire and Peterborough. The reserve is located 4 km (2.5 mi) west of the town of Ramsey and 1 km (0.6 mi) east of the larger Woodwalton Fen nature reserve. The Wildlife Trust Countryside Centre in the reserve is based in a converted Victorian brickworks. It provides educational events for families. References
Ramsgate Maritime Museum

Ramsgate Maritime Museum (or Clock House Museum) is a museum in Ramsgate, Kent, England, that describes the maritime history of East Kent. The museum is situated in the Clock House on the quayside of the Royal Harbour at Ramsgate. Ramsgate Maritime Museum was run by the Steam Museum Trust, a registered charity from 2012 to 2023, when the lease was returned to Thanet District Council. The museum closed in 2021 for a major refurbishment of the Clock House building, and is expected to reopen in 2026 as a museum and heritage hub for the town. Buildings The Clock House was built in 1817 by Benjamen Wyatt and George Louch. It was later altered by John Rennie and is now designated as a Grade II* listed building. Exhibits Before closure in 2021, there were four permanent galleries covering the development of the harbour, navigation, fishing, lifeboats and shipwrecks. A fifth exhibition space houses a 17th-century 32-pounder demi-cannon raised from the wreck of HMS Stirling Castle. A number of artefacts come from the nearby Goodwin Sands which is responsible for numerous shipwrecks. Exhibits include two museum ships: the 1946 steam tug Cervia and Sundowner, a 1912 Dunkirk little ship. See also Port of Ramsgate Ramsgate Lifeboat Station References External links Official website The Steam Museum Trust website
Ramster

Ramster Garden is an open garden, near Chiddingfold, Surrey, covering over 20 acres (81,000 m2). First landscaped and laid out in the 1890s by Gauntlett Nurseries and Sir Harry Waechter. In 1922, Sir Henry and Lady Priscilla Norman purchased Ramster. Lady Norman came from a family of keen horticulturists. Her grandparents had started Bodnant Garden whilst her mother created Château de la Garoupe, Antibes which was later left to Lady Norman. Lady Norman was instrumental in setting out rhododendrons and azaleas in the Ramster gardens. The gardens were opened to public view in the very first National Gardens Scheme to support the Queen's Nursing Institute in 1927 and have continued to be opened annually under that scheme. Ramster was later cared for by their granddaughter Miranda Gunn, and her husband. However Ramster is now shared with their daughter Rosalind Glaister. The garden features include a flower collections, wooded areas and a woodland walk, and water features. The house and grounds are also available for private hire for weddings and events. References External links Weddings Website Garden & Events Website Guildford Borough Council: Ramster Garden - Profile
Jardín Ramster

El Jardín Ramster ( en inglés: Ramster Garden) es un jardín de acceso público, de 20 acres (81,000 m²) de extensión, cerca de Chiddingfold, Surrey. Historia En un principio era zona ajardinada de paisaje presentada en 1890 por los viveros Gauntlett​ y Sir Harry Waechter. En 1922, el 1.er Barón, Sir Henry Norman, y Florence Norman adquirieron la propiedad Ramster, y actualmente está administrada por su nieta Miranda Gunn, y su marido.​ Colecciones El jardín incluye: Colección de plantas anuales Zona de bosque, con sendas entre los árboles Charca, con plantas de humedales. Referencias Enlaces externos Página oficial. Guildford Borough Council: Ramster Garden - Profile
Igła Kleopatry

Igła Kleopatry (ang. Cleopatra′s Needle) – pochodzący ze starożytnego Egiptu obelisk znajdujący się w Londynie, w City of Westminster, nad Tamizą, na nabrzeżu Victoria Embankment. Napisy na obelisku umieścili Totmes III i Ramzes II w okresie egipskiego Nowego Państwa. W 1820 roku Muhammad Ali podarował obelisk Wielkiej Brytanii. Obelisk został sprowadzony do Londynu w 1878 roku. Jest jednym z dwóch obelisków nazwanych „Igłami Kleoparty” – drugi znajduje się w Central Parku, w Nowym Jorku. Przypisy
Игла Клеопатры (Лондон)

Игла Клеопатры (англ. Cleopatra's Needle) — один из пары древнеегипетских обелисков, именуемых Иглами Клеопатры. Один из которых был вывезен британцами в 1877 году из египетской Александрии и установлен в окружении двух сфинксов в историческом центре Лондона, на набережной Виктории. Представляет собой монолит из гранита высотой 18 метров и массой 186 тонн. Второй обелиск из пары Игл Клеопатры установлен в Нью-Йорке. Вырезан на каменоломнях Асуана в середине II тысячелетия до н. э. На обелиске нанесены символы фараона Тутмоса III (позднее были добавлены имена Рамзеса II и Клеопатры). Около 1475 года до н. э. вниз по Нилу перевезён в Гелиополь. Предположительно во времена римского императора Августа обелиск был перевезён в Александрию, где он простоял века. К началу XIX века памятник уже был опрокинут и лежал в песке. Подарен британцам правителем Египта Мухаммедом Али в разгар египтомании, в 1819 году, в ознаменование победы вице-адмирала Нельсона в битве при Абукире и генерала Эберкромби при Александрии в 1801 году. Оставался в Александрии до 1877 года, когда хирург сэр Эразмус Вильсон выделил личные средства на его транспортировку в столицу Великобритании. Обелиск заключили в железный цилиндр — специально сконструированное судно «Клеопатра», представляющее собой по сути понтон с мостиком для экипажа, и в сентябре 1877 года отбуксировали пароходом «Ольга». Во время плавания в Бискайском заливе судно попало в шторм, в результате которого 6 моряков с «Ольги» погибли, а «Клеопатра» была брошена. Четырьмя днями позже пароход Фитзмарис, идущий из Глазго, обнаружил дрейфующую «Клеопатру». 21 января 1878 года обелиск был доставлен в Лондон. Первоначально его планировалось установить перед зданием британского парламента. 12 сентября 1878 года он был установлен на набережной Виктории. По сторонам установлены скульптуры сфинксов, отлитые из бронзы и обращённые лицом к обелиску. Примечания См. также Луксорский обелиск в Париже Сфинксы на Университетской набережной (установлены в 1834 г.)
Kleopatras nål, London

Kleopatras nål (en: Cleopatra's Needle) i London är en obelisk tillverkad under den artonde dynastin i det forntida Egypten. Obelisken står i Londons West End vid Victoria Embankment mellan Waterloo Bridge och Charing Cross i City of Westminster. Obelisken flyttades till Storbritannien 1878 och är en del Kleopatras nålar. Obelisken Kleopatras nål är en monolit huggen i ett stycke i rosa granit med en höjd på cirka 21 meter och en uppskattad vikt på mellan 187 och 200 ton. Basen mäter cirka 2,30 x 2,30 meter. Pelaren är täckt med hieroglyfer och har en pyramidion på toppen. Bredvid obelisken står även två egyptiska Sfinxer i brons skapade av brittiska arktitekten George John Vulliamy. Dessa skadades i september 1917 efter en flygbombning under första världskriget. Historia Ursprungligen restes två obelisker framför solguden Ras tempel i Heliopolis under farao Thutmosis III regeringstid (omkring 1450 år f.Kr.). Dessa flyttades av den romerske prefekten Barbarns under kejsare Tiberius regeringstid omkring 23 f.Kr. till Alexandria och restes där framför Cæsars tempel ”Cæsareum”. Detta tempelbygge tillskrivs drottning Kleopatra vilket troligen skapade beteckningen Kleopatras nålar. Senare rasade en av obeliskerna till marken vid en jordbävning. 1819 beslöt Pascha Muhammed Ali att skänka obeliskerna till England och USA. Den kullfallna första obelisken skänktes till England och den andra obelisken till USA. England accepterades gåvan men det skulle dröja många år innan finansieringen ordnades. År 1867 vädjade Khediv Ismail Pascha åter att England skulle flytta obelisken då den annars skulle gå förlorad. 1875 reste sir James Edward Alexander till Egypten för att bedöma läget. 1876 erbjöd sig sir William James Erasmus Wilson att bekosta transporten privat och samma år reste sir Alexander åter till Egypten för att ordna transporten. 1877 inleddes flytten av Kleopatras nål till London. Ingenjören John Dixon inneslöt obelisken i ett 30 meter långt, mot båda ändarna tillspetsat, vattentätt järnfodral som lastades på en specialbyggd ponton (döpt till "Cleopatra") konstruerad av Dixon, den 21 september 1877 avgick obelisken i släp av fartyget "Olga" från Alexandria. Under resan drabbades konvojen den 14 oktober av en storm i Biscayabukten och pontonen behövde släppas men den återfanns senare av fartyget "Fitzmaurice" som tog den till Ferrol. Därifrån fortsatte transporten med fartyget "Anglia" och konvojen nådde Gravesend den 21 januari 1878. Den 6 juli1878 urlastades obelisken. Inskriptionerna översattes första gången av egyptologen Samuel Birch. Den 11 - 12 september 1878 restes Kleopatars nål vid Themsens norra strand. Referenser Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Kleopatras nål, London. Externa länkar Första översättning av inskriptionerna (ancientegyptfoundation.org) bild pontonen Cleopatra (squaducation.com)