NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Fort Darnet

Fort Darnet ist die Ruine eines Forts auf einer Insel im River Medway in der englischen Grafschaft Kent. Das Palmerston Fort wurde, wie Fort Hoo, auf Geheiß der Royal Commission 1859 im oberen schiffbaren Abschnitt des River Medway errichtet. Ursprünglich war das Fort für die Aufstellung von zwei Reihen von Geschützen in einem Kreis und mit einer zwischen dem Fort und Fort Hoo gespannten Balkensperre gedacht, aber es gab viele Probleme mit der Setzung des Gebäudes. Nach massiven Kostenüberschreitungen wurde das Fort 1871 mit nur einer Reihe mit 11 Geschützen fertiggestellt. Es handelte sich um eine Mischung aus 7"- und 9"-Vorderladern mit gezogenen Läufen, auf die Balkensperre wurde verzichtet. Beide Forts kamen nie zum Kriegseinsatz und wurden noch vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg außer Dienst gestellt. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg diente das Fort als Beobachtungsposten; es wurden Pillboxes darauf installiert. Das Fort ist heute noch relativ gut erhalten, aber die Magazinebene scheint absichtlich geflutet worden zu sein, um unbefugtes Betreten und Vandalismus zu verhindern. Man kann die Insel per Boot besuchen, aber alle Ufer sind schlammig. Weblinks und Quellen Plan von Chathams Verteidigungsanlagen. ECastles. Darnet Fort, Medway. Victorian Forts. Video eines Besuchs von Fort Darnet mit Kanus. YouTube.
Fort Darnet

Fort Darnet is a nineteenth-century military installation on the River Medway in Kent, England, that formed part of the defences of Chatham Naval Dockyard. Fort Darnet, like its twin Hoo Fort 1 km (0.6 mi) upstream, was built on the recommendations of the 1859 Royal Commission on an island covering Pinup Reach, the inner navigable channel of the River Medway. The installation was built between 1870 and 1872. The two forts were originally designed with each having two tiers of guns mounted in a circle, with a boom strung between the forts, but there were many problems with subsidence. After extensive cost overruns they were completed in 1872 with one tier of eleven guns: a mixture of eight 9-inch and three 7-inch rifled muzzle-loaders. The boom was not implemented, though there were plans to mine the channel if thought needed. Fort Darnet was originally designed for a garrison of up to 100 men. The fort was used for gunnery practice until one of the guns cracked in its casemate, as reported in The Chatham Observer on 25 January 1879. The forts were never used in anger, and were decommissioned before the First World War. In the Second World War the fort was used as an observation post, with platforms and pillboxes built on top. The fort is still in fair condition, however the magazine level is flooded. The island can be freely visited by boat, though the landing is muddy. Up to the 1980s, the island was used for picnicking and other leisure pursuits. It is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. References Bibliography Crowdy, R, Medway's Island Forts (1979) Gulvin, K R, The Medway Forts (1976), 18-19 Smith, V T C, Strategic Study of Kent's Defences - Fort Darnet (1999) External links Palmerston Forts Society Media related to Darnet Fort, Medway at Wikimedia Commons
Gugh

Gugh (kornisch Keow) ist eine Insel der Scilly-Inseln. Das Eiland ist etwa einen Kilometer lang und einen halben Kilometer breit. An seinem höchsten Punkt Kittern Hill liegt Gugh 34 m über dem Meeresspiegel. Die Insel ist durch den nur gut 60 Meter breiten Tombolo The Bar, der The Cove im Süden vom Forth Conger im Norden trennt, mit St. Agnes verbunden. Der Granit, aus dem die Insel hauptsächlich besteht, ist im Zuge der Variszischen Orogenese entstanden. Auf dem Eiland gibt es mehrere Cairns (Obadiah’s Barrow) und Menhire. Insbesondere der 2,40 m hohe Old Man of Gugh ist ein beliebtes Fotomotiv bei Touristen. Im 17. Jahrhundert wurde auf Gugh mit der Herstellung von Natriumcarbonat aus Kelp begonnen. Das aufwendige Verfahren, die Trocknung und Verbrennung des Seegrases zur Gewinnung von Salz für die Glasproduktion, wurde erst Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts aufgegeben als kostengünstigere, industrielle Methoden zur Verfügung standen. Fauna und Flora Die Insel ist eine Site of Special Scientific Interest und wird vom Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust mitverwaltet. Auf Gugh sind unter anderem Seeadler, Gartenspitzmäuse, Wildkaninchen, Atlantiksturmtaucher und Sturmschwalben heimisch. Die Insel verfügt über eine große Vielfalt an Pflanzen. So wachsen hier Cladonia, Brombeeren, Echte Lungenflechte Gewöhnlicher Natternkopf, Gelber Steinklee, Gelber Wau, Langhaariger Thymian, Klebsamen, Stranddistel, Strand-Wolfsmilch und Strandwinde. Versuche die Rattenplage auf der Insel zu beseitigen schlugen bislang fehl. Weblinks AONB (englisch) Isle of Scilly Wildlifetrust (englisch) Bilder zu den bronzezeitlichen Anlagen auf der Insel (englisch)
Gugh

Gugh (córnico: Keow) es la más pequeña de las seis islas pobladas de las islas Sorlingas, un archipiélago del condado inglés de Cornualles. Según el censo de población de 2001 Gugh tiene una población de tres personas, lo que la convierte en la más pequeña de las islas pobladas. Durante la marea baja, Gugh es una península de Saint Agnes, una isla más grande al oeste.​ Desde 1976 Gugh es un Site of Special Scientific Interest en su totalidad. Referencias Enlaces externos Isles of Scilly Seabird Recovery Project: Frequently asked questions (en inglés) Información turística sobre las islas Sorlingas (en inglés) Vida silvestre de las islas Sorlingas (en inglés)
Gugh

Gugh (Keow en cornique) est une île de l'archipel britannique des Sorlingues, au sud-ouest de l'Angleterre. Un tombolo la relie à marée basse à l'île voisine de St Agnes. Avec trois habitants (2001), Gugh est la moins peuplée des six îles habitées des Sorlingues. Portail de l’Angleterre Portail des îles
Gugh

Gugh (uitspraak: [gjoew], met een harde g) (Cornisch: Keow) is een van de eilanden van de Isles of Scilly, een eilandengroep ca. 45 km voor de kust van Cornwall in het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Gugh is een getijdeneiland: bij laag water is het door een tombolo, de Hugh Bar, verbonden met het eiland St. Agnes. Op Gugh staan twee huizen, waarin drie mensen wonen (volkstelling 2001). Bezienswaardigheden op Gugh zijn Kittern Hill en Obadiah's Barrow, twee dolmen, en The Old Man of Gugh, een bijna drie meter hoge menhir uit de Bronstijd. Externe link (en) Website The Megalithic Portal - Gugh, Obadiah's Barrow
Г'ю (острів)

Г'ю (англ. Gugh) — острів в архіпелазі островів Сіллі, Велика Британія, омивається Кельтським морем. Географія На площі 0,38 км² ніхто не проживає, лише в літній період навідуються рибаки та туристи на власних суднах або ж нащадки попередніх мешканців (однієї сім'ї) в своє поселення Г'ю. Острів розташований на схід від Сент-Агнеса і з'єднаний з ним вузьким перешийком-дорогою, яка в час припливів затоплюється. Джерела Paddy Dillon: «Walking in the Isles of Scilly»: Cumbria: «Cicerone Press», 2015, Weight 110g, Pages 96, ISBN 9781852848064 Примітки
Fort Grange

Fort Grange is one of the Palmerston Forts, in Gosport, England. After Gomer and Elson forts had been approved in 1852, further consideration led to a decision to fill the gap between them by three more forts, and Grange is the most southerly of the three. Work began in 1858 and it was completed in 1863. Built as part of the outer defence line for Gosport along with Fort Brockhurst, Fort Elson and Fort Rowner to the North East and Fort Gomer to the South West. In 1914 23 (Siege) Company Royal Garrison Artillery was based at the Fort. It was used to create number 3 and 4 Siege Batteries Royal Garrison Artillery. The fort is a Grade II Listed Building and is virtually identical with Forts Brockhurst and Rowner. In 1917, the Fort Grange Aerodrome became the home to Robert Smith-Barry's School of Special Flying. There are many surviving details and the main structure is intact, however the earthworks have been much reduced and much of the moat is infilled. In 1916 it was armed with a 1-pounder heavy anti aircraft gun on a travelling carriage. The fort was used as a military headquarters from 1910 and was derelict by 1983. In 1984 Fort Grange became the home of HMS Sultan Royal Naval Volunteer Cadet Corps, and continues to fulfil this role today. References Bibliography Hogg, Ian V (1974). Coast Defences of England and Wales 1856-1956. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153 6353-0. Moore, David (1990). Fort Brockhurst and the Gomer-Elson Forts. Gosport: Solent Papers. ISBN 0951323431.: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) External links Palmerston Forts Society VCC Website
Fort Hoo

Fort Hoo ist die Ruine eines Forts auf einer Insel im River Medway in der englischen Verwaltungsgrafschaft Borough of Medway. Das Palmerston Fort wurde, wie Fort Darnet, auf Geheiß der Royal Commission 1859 im oberen schiffbaren Abschnitt des River Medway errichtet. Geschichte Ursprünglich war das Fort für die Aufstellung von zwei Reihen von Geschützen in einem Kreis mit einer zwischen dem Fort und Fort Darnet gespannten Balkensperre gedacht, aber es gab viele Probleme mit der Setzung der Gebäude. Nach massiven Kostenüberschreitungen wurden die Forts 1871 mit nur einer Reihe mit 11 Geschützen fertiggestellt. Es handelte sich um eine Mischung aus 7"- und 9"-Vorderladern mit gezogenen Läufen, auf die Balkensperre wurde verzichtet. Beide Forts wurden noch vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg außer Dienst gestellt. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg diente das Fort als Beobachtungsposten; es wurden Pillboxes darauf installiert. Das Fort ist heute noch relativ gut erhalten und gilt als Scheduled Monument. Es gehört dem Verteidigungsministerium und eine Landung auf der Insel ist offiziell verboten. Weblinks und Quellen Plan von Chathams Verteidigungsanlagen. ECastles. Hoo Fort, Medway. Victorian Forts.
Hoo Fort

Hoo Fort is a nineteenth-century military installation on the River Medway in Kent, England, that formed part of the defences of Chatham Naval Dockyard. Hoo Fort, like Fort Darnet 1 km (0.6 mi) downstream, was built on the recommendations of the 1859 Royal Commission. It is located on Hoo Island covering Pinup Reach, the inner navigable channel of the River Medway. Hoo Island sits to the south of the Hoo Peninsula and is within the parish of Hoo, Kent. The fort can be viewed from along the Saxon Shore Way, accessible from Vicarage Lane in Hoo. History Originally designed for two tiers of guns mounted in a circle, with a boom strung between Hoo Fort and Fort Darnet, there were many problems with subsidence, and after extensive cost overruns the forts were completed in 1871 with a single tier of eleven 9-inch rifled muzzle-loading guns, and no boom. Each gun was mounted in an individual casemate with heavily armoured firing port. The forts were decommissioned before the First World War. In the Second World War, the fort was used as an observation post, with platforms and pillboxes built on top. The fort is still in fair condition. It is a Scheduled Monument and is owned by Medway Ports. References External links Palmerston Forts Society
Fort Horsted

Fort Horsted is a scheduled monument (Monument Number 416040) that lies in the Horsted Valley to the South of Chatham, Kent, England. It is a late 19th-century Land Fort, and one of six constructed around Chatham and Gillingham, Kent to protect HM Dockyard Chatham from attack. Originally proposed in the Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom Report, published in 1860, it and the other land defences were omitted as part of general cost cutting with only the coastal defences on the River Medway being retained and completed under the original 1860 proposals. It was not until the mid-1870s that a revised programme was accepted, which included the construction of a convict prison at Borstal, Rochester, to provide low cost labour for the construction of a line of four forts, Fort Borstal, Fort Bridgewood, Fort Horsted and Fort Luton (a further three forts were constructed with the use of convict labour). Its construction started in 1879 and was complete by 1889 after much delay. Materials The fort was constructed almost entirely of concrete, topped with chalk and earth with no visible concrete exposed from the outside, except from the gorge or rear of the fort. The ditch was protected by two single and one double counterscarp galleries. Armaments Although the original plans of the fort proposed fixed armament, by its completion there had been a shift away from fixed armament to moveable guns. The fort would not been armed, unless actual threat materialised and then with moveable field artillery. In the event of actual invasion and an attack on HM Dockyard Chatham, additional field defence would have augmented the forts, with trenches and battery positions. In fact in 1907 during summer manoeuvres such defences were probably constructed. World wars Deemed to have become obsolete by 1910, the fort formed part of Chatham's land defences in both World Wars. In World War I brick emplacements and a pillbox were built on the ramparts, and fixed anti-aircraft guns of an early type were installed (possibly 12-pdr coastal defence guns on improvised high-angle mountings, not be confused with the later naval version). The name The fort was named after a local hamlet. Horsted is speculated to have been named after the legendary Saxon warrior Horsa, who was killed at nearby Aylesford while fighting the Britons. The fort today The fort survives relatively intact and is currently in use as a business park. While it is in relatively good condition, its commercial use has seen some new construction and modification which has seen the significant loss of the original structure and features. References
Fort Monckton

Fort Monckton est un fort militaire historique sur la rive est de la baie de Stokes, à Gosport, dans le Hampshire. Construit pour protéger le port de Portsmouth au début de la guerre d'indépendance américaine, il a été reconstruit dans les années 1880. Il abrite aujourd'hui le principal centre d'entraînement militaire du Royaume-Uni, et tout particulièrement, depuis près d'un siècle, celui des principaux officiers de renseignement destinés à travailler sur le terrain. Sir Mansfield Smith-Cumming, le chef légendaire des services de renseignement du début du XXe siècle y avait ses quartiers privés qui ont été préservés. Voir aussi SIS Building Hanslope Park Notes et références Portail du Royaume-Uni Portail de l’histoire militaire
Fort Royal Hill

Fort Royal Hill is a park in Worcester, England, and the site of the remains of an English Civil War fort. History Fort Royal was a Civil War sconce (or redoubt) on a small hill to the south-east of Worcester overlooking the Sidbury Gate. It was built by the Royalists in 1651 to defend the hill, because during the siege in 1646 Parliamentary forces had positioned their artillery on the hill and had been able to severely damage the city's walls. During the final stages of the Battle of Worcester, fought on 3 September 1651, the last battle of the war and a Parliamentary victory, the Royalists' retreat turned into a rout in which Parliamentarian and Royalist forces intermingled and skirmished up to and into the city. The Royalist position became untenable when the Essex militia stormed and captured Fort Royal, turning the Royalist guns to fire on Worcester. In early April 1786, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson visited Fort Royal Hill at the battlefield at Worcester. Adams wrote Edgehill and Worcester were curious and interesting to us, as scenes where freemen had fought for their rights. The people in the neighborhood appeared so ignorant and careless at Worcester, that I was provoked, and asked, "And do Englishmen so soon forget the ground where liberty was fought for? Tell your neighbors and your children that this is holy ground; much holier than that on which your churches stand. All England should come in pilgrimage to this hill once a year." This animated them, and they seemed much pleased with it. Perhaps their awkwardness before might arise from their uncertainty of our sentiments concerning the civil wars. On 23 October 2009 a Virginian oak tree was planted in Fort Royal Park by Rear Admiral Ronald H. Henderson, Defence Attaché to the Embassy of the United States, to commemorate this occasion. Notes References Adams, John; Adams, Charles Francis (1851), The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States: Autobiography, continued. Diary. Essays and controversial papers of the Revolution, vol. 3, Little, Brown, p. 394 BBC staff (December 2003), Battle of Worcester - Cromwell intervenes (2), BBC Hereford and Worcester Goode, Dominic (13 November 2005), Fort Royal, Worcester, fortified-places.com, archived from the original on 19 June 2006, retrieved 7 September 2006 Willis-Bund, John William (1905), The Civil War in Worcestershire 1642–1646 and the Scotch invasion of 1651, Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent and Company, p. 245 Worcester City Council Web Team (2 October 2012) [16 January 2008], Fort Royal Park:The Liberty Oak, Worcester Council, archived from the original on 15 April 2012 External links "Fort Royal, Worcester". www.fortified-places.com. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2017. "Sidbury and Fort Royal". City of Worcester. Archived from the original on 7 April 2007. Kelsall, Andrew (7 May 2006). "Fort Royal Hill, where liberty was fought for (modern picture of the earth works)". flickr.com.
Fort Royal Hill

Fort Royal Hill é um parque em Worcester, Inglaterra, e o local onde se encontram as ruínas de um forte da Guerra Civil Inglesa. História O Forte Royal foi um reduto da Guerra Civil situado numa pequena colina a sudeste de Worcester, com vista para o Portão de Sidbury. Foi construído pelos monarquistas em 1651 para defender a colina, pois durante o cerco de 1646 as forças parlamentares posicionaram a sua artilharia na colina e conseguiram danificar gravemente as muralhas da cidade. Durante as fases finais da Batalha de Worcester, travada a 3 de setembro de 1651, a última batalha da guerra e uma vitória parlamentar, a retirada dos monarquistas transformou-se numa debandada em que as forças parlamentares e monarquistas se misturaram e entraram em escaramuças até à cidade. A posição monarquista tornou-se insustentável quando a milícia de Essex atacou e capturou o Forte Royal, fazendo com que os canhões monarquistas disparassem contra Worcester. No início de abril de 1786, John Adams e Thomas Jefferson visitaram a colina do Forte Royal Hill no campo de batalha de Worcester. Adams escreveu Edgehill e Worcester eram lugares curiosos e interessantes para nós, como locais onde homens livres lutaram por seus direitos. As pessoas da região pareciam tão ignorantes e descuidadas em Worcester que me senti provocado e perguntei: "E os ingleses se esquecem tão facilmente do local onde se lutou pela liberdade? Digam aos seus vizinhos e aos seus filhos que este é um lugar sagrado; muito mais sagrado do que aquele onde se erguem suas igrejas. Toda a Inglaterra deveria peregrinar a esta colina uma vez por ano." Isso os animou, e eles pareceram muito satisfeitos. Talvez a timidez anterior deles decorresse da incerteza quanto aos nossos sentimentos em relação às guerras civis. Em 23 de outubro de 2009, um carvalho da Virgínia foi plantado no Fort Royal Park pelo contra-almirante Ronald H. Henderson, adido de defesa da Embaixada dos Estados Unidos, para comemorar esta ocasião. Notas Referências Adams, John; Adams, Charles Francis (1851), The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States: Autobiography, continued. Diary. Essays and controversial papers of the Revolution, 3, Little, Brown, p. 394 Equipe da BBC (dezembro de 2003), Battle of Worcester - Cromwell intervenes (2), BBC Hereford and Worcester Goode, Dominic (13 de novembro de 2005), Fort Royal, Worcester, fortified-places.com, consultado em 7 de setembro de 2006, cópia arquivada em 19 de junho de 2006 Willis-Bund, John William (1905), The Civil War in Worcestershire 1642–1646 and the Scotch invasion of 1651, Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent and Company, p. 245 Worcester City Council Web Team (2 de outubro de 2012), Fort Royal Park:The Liberty Oak, Worcester Council, cópia arquivada em 15 de abril de 2012 Ligações externas «Fort Royal, Worcester». www.fortified-places.com. Consultado em 2 de setembro de 2017. Cópia arquivada em 2 de setembro de 2017 «Sidbury and Fort Royal». City of Worcester. Cópia arquivada em 7 de abril de 2007 Kelsall, Andrew (7 de maio de 2006). «Fort Royal Hill, where liberty was fought for (modern picture of the earth works)». flickr.com
Fort Southwick

Fort Southwick is one of the forts found on Portsdown Hill, which overlooks the naval base of Portsmouth in the county of Hampshire, England. History Fort Southwick was built to defend the landward approaches to the naval base on the recommendation of the Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom which reported in 1860. It is the highest fort on the hill, and holds the water storage tanks for the other forts, supplying them via a brick lined aqueduct. Construction was started in 1861 and completed by 1870. It was designed to house a large complement of men (about 220) in a crescent-shaped barrack block. Its north projection has one full caponier to defend the dry ditch, and has two smaller demi-caponiers at the corners. A small musketry gallery crosses the ditch at the south-west angle to cover a minor branch of the ditch. Mortar batteries of five mortars each can be found set into the rampart behind the demi-caponiers. In 1893 the fort was armed with a total of 23 guns: Nine 64 pounder rifled muzzle-loading guns Eight 7-inch rifled breech-loading (RBL) guns Six 8 in (20.3 cm) rifled muzzle loaded howitzers (three were on ground platforms; the other three on travelling carriages) A central spiral staircase from the surface gives access to four main tunnels running radially outward from it at uneven angles. These tunnels lead to the barrack block and caponiers, and past the magazine. Although disarmed in 1906, the fort was retained by the military as a barracks, and also used to train soldiers how to capture and hold a fort. It became a demobilisation centre for three years after the First World War. During the Second World War, a secret network of tunnels was excavated between February and December 1942 by 172 Tunnelling Company of the Royal Engineers 100 ft (30 m) underneath Fort Southwick to serve as the underground headquarters (UGHQ), the communications "nerve centre", for Operation Overlord. The call sign of this UGHQ was 'MIN'. The fort was part of the Admiralty Research Establishment until 2002, when military control of the fort ceased. It was sold by the Ministry of Defence in July 2003 to the "Fort Southwick Company Limited", who intended to convert the barrack block into luxury apartments. The site is currently occupied by the NHS and includes a staff park and ride service to Queen Alexandra Hospital. It has been a Grade I Listed Building since 1987. References Bibliography Hogg, Ian V (1974). Coast Defences of England and Wales 1856-1956. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153 6353-0. External links Palmerston Fort Society Fort Southwick Fort Southwick UGHQ Walk the Story > Fort Southwick Fort Southwick NATO Communications Centre UCAP Airsoft Site and tours of the Southwick UGHQ Fort Southwick on mb21 Archived 28 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine Archived 2023-04-09 at the Wayback Machine
Fort St George In England

The Fort St George In England is the oldest pub on the River Cam in Cambridge, England. The Grade II listed timber-framed building on Midsummer Common dates in part from the 16th century, and although "much altered and enlarged over the years, still has considerable charm. Especially notable is the snug to the right of the main entrance which has some wonderful ancient panelling and a good tiled floor." The pub is owned by the Greene King brewery. The unusual name of the pub, commonly abbreviated to just 'Fort St George', but now better known as The Fort, reflects a supposed resemblance to the East India Company's Fort St George at Madras (now Chennai) in India. References External links https://capturingcambridge.org/barnwell/riverside/fort-st-george-public-house/ CAMRA – Fort St. George, Cambridge