NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
York Guildhall

The York Guildhall is a municipal building located in St Martins Courtyard, Coney Street, in York, England. Located behind the Mansion House, it is a Grade I listed building. History The building was constructed as a meeting place for the City's guilds between 1449 and 1459. King Richard III was entertained in the building in 1483, and the Guildhall was the venue for the trial of St Margaret Clitherow, a Catholic martyr, in 1586. It was also the place where a ransom of £200,000 was counted before being given to the Scots in payment for the release of Charles I in 1647 during the English Civil War, and where Prince Albert, the Prince Consort to Queen Victoria was a guest of honour at a royal banquet in the building in October 1850. At the north end of the Guildhall was a stained glass window painted by Henry Gyles in about 1682. In 1811 a building, designed by Peter Atkinson the younger as a council chamber, was erected to the south of the original hall (this is now known as "the Atkinson Room"). Then in 1891, another building, designed by Enoch Mawbey, the city surveyor, accommodating a larger council chamber, was built to the north of the original hall (this building is now known as "the Municipal Offices"). The new council chamber was decorated by Kendal, Milne and Co in the 1890s. The interior of the original building, including the stained glass window, was destroyed during a Baedeker raid in 1942. After the war the Guildhall was rebuilt and a new stained glass window, depicting five aspects of the city's history (architecture, war, civic affairs, commercial trade and religious education), was designed and installed by Harry Harvey of York. The complex was re-opened by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 1960. Throughout the 20th century meetings of the City of York Council were held in the Guildhall; however, in Autumn 2017, when a programme of restoration work began at the Guildhall, temporary arrangements were put in place for the council to meet in the former Salvation Army Citadel on Gillygate. The renovation, which cost £21 million and was carried out to remedy serious structural issues, was completed in 2022 and the building was subsequently leased to the University of York, as a centre for start up businesses. See also Guild Guildhall References External links The Guildhall York - York Conferences and Events - 3D Tour Available
Guildhall (York)

Le Guildhall de York est un bâtiment du XVe siècle, édifice destiné à abriter des corporations ou guildes. En raison des graves dommages causés par une attaque aérienne allemande dans le cadre du Blitz, le bâtiment actuel est en grande partie une reconstruction moderne qui a ouvert ses portes en 1960. Le grand hall intérieur a survécu à l'attaque intacte, avec des panneaux et une histoire de la ville de York sur une fenêtre en verre. Le Guildhall a été le théâtre de nombreux événements de l'histoire britannique. Liens web Site Web du York Press Guildhall Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme Portail du Yorkshire Portail des monuments classés au Royaume-Uni
Gwinear-Gwithian

Gwinear-Gwithian (kornisch Pluw Wynnyer ha Godhyan) ist eine Gemeinde im ehemaligen District Penwith der Grafschaft Cornwall in England. Zu ihr gehören die Ortschaften Gwinear, Reawla, Rosewarne, Connor Downs und Gwithian. Gwinear liegt auf einem Hügel mit einer beeindruckenden Aussicht auf das Angarrack Valley, welches sich nördlich des Ortes befindet. In der Gemeinde gibt es eine Reihe kleiner Geschäfte sowie einen Pub und ein Postamt. Gwithian war einst das Zentrum der Harde Penwith Hundred.
Gwinear–Gwithian

Gwinear–Gwithian (Cornish: Pluw Wynnyer ha Godhyan) is a coastal civil parish in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It includes the villages of Connor Downs, Gwinear, Gwithian, Reawla and Rosewarne. The parish is situated approximately two miles (3 km) east of Hayle two miles (3 km) west of Camborne. For the purposes of local government Gwinear–Gwithian has a parish council and elects councillors every four years. The principal local authority is Cornwall Council. The population of the parish was 3032 in the 2001 census. This included Fraddam and increased to 3,261 at the 2011 census. An electoral ward also exists with St. Erth added to the name. The population here in 2011 was 4,642. Notable buildings in Gwinear The parish church of St Gwinear is a Grade I listed building. It dates from the 13th and 14th centuries, the tower being mid-fifteenth century, built in three stages out of granite stone. There are three aisles: the south aisle which is shorter than the nave, an inner north aisle, and further north the Arundell Aisle. The chancel was restored in 1870 and further restoration occurred between 1878 and 1879. The aisle and roofs were restored, with the four new roofs costing £689. A new window was added at the west end of the south aisle. The chancel screen was repaired and re-erected in its original position, enclosing the western bay of the chancel. New seating of pitch pine was provided. The church was reopened on 25 November 1879 and the new ring of bells were rung for the first time two months later. Lanyon Farm and Polkinghorne Farm (both less than a mile from Gwinear Road Station) are both of the 17th century. Language Gwinear was surveyed for the Survey of English Dialects. References
Gwinear–Gwithian

Gwinear–Gwithian est une paroisse civile des Cornouailles, en Angleterre. Elle comprend les villages de Connor Downs, Gwinear, Gwithian, Reawla et Rosewarne. Notes et références (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Gwinear–Gwithian » (voir la liste des auteurs). Liens externes Portail de l’Angleterre
Bletchley Park

Bletchley Park, també coneguda com a Station X, és el nom d'una instal·lació militar localitzada a Buckinghamshire, (actualment part de Milton Keynes), uns 80 km al nord de Londres (Regne Unit), on es van realitzar els treballs de desxifrat de codis alemanys, mitjançant el Colossus, durant la Segona Guerra Mundial. Rep el nom de la mansió victoriana que domina l'enclavament. El primer ordinador Colossus, que va ser dissenyat i construït a Bletchley Park, va permetre desxifrar els codis i xifrats que empraven els diferents països pertanyents a l'Eix, inclosos els generats per la famosa Màquina Enigma alemanya. Gran part del seu personal, al voltant del 75%, van ser dones, entre elles la matemàtica Ann Mitchell. Els importants informes d'intel·ligència generats aquí a partir de la informació interceptada i desxifrada, classificats amb la paraula Ultra, van contribuir en gran manera amb l'esforç de guerra dels aliats i (possiblement) a escurçar-ne la seva durada. Actualment Bletchley Park és un museu obert al públic. En aquest enclavament va desenvolupar la seva activitat com a criptoanalista el matemàtic Alan Turing, l'arxiu del qual roman a la mansió i recentment ha estat comprat per conservar-lo. Referències Enllaços externs Bletchley Park — Virtual Tour — by Tony Sale Telecoms at Bletchley Park Arxivat 2007-06-25 a Wayback Machine. BBC Radio 4 programme "Hut 33" - juny 2007 Sitcom by James Cary, set in Bletchley Park in 1941.
Bletchley Park

Bletchley Park es el nombre de una instalación militar localizada en Buckinghamshire, Inglaterra, en la que se realizaron los trabajos de descifrado de códigos alemanes durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Recibe su nombre de la mansión victoriana que domina el enclave. La primera computadora Colossus fue diseñada y construida en Bletchley Park, y permitió romper los códigos de la máquina alemana Enigma.​ Gran parte de su personal, en torno al 75 %, fueron mujeres, entre ellas la matemática Ann Mitchell.​ Uso militar Al inicio de la guerra, el producto del Bletchley Park tenía por nombre en clave «Boniface», para dar la impresión a los no iniciados de que la fuente era un agente secreto. Tal fue el secreto alrededor de los informes de «Boniface» que «sus» informes se llevaron directamente a Winston Churchill en una caja cerrada con llave de la cual el primer ministro tenía personalmente una copia. La información así producida fue denominada «Ultra». Uso actual El lugar es ahora un museo localizado en la ciudad de Bletchley, cerca de Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, Inglaterra a 80 kilómetros al norte de Londres. En este enclave desarrolló su actividad como criptoanalista el matemático Alan Turing, cuyo archivo permanece en la mansión y recientemente ha sido comprado para conservarlo.​ Recreaciones Hay varias novelas que recrean los hecho acaecidos en el complejo: Criptonomicón de Neal Stephenson. Codebreakers: The Inside Story of Bletchley Park, editada por F. H. Hinsley y Alan Stripp. Oxford University Press, 1993. El código rosa, de Kate Quinn. Harper Collins, 2022 El enigma de Bletchley, de Ruta Sepetys y Steve Sheinkin. Maeva ediciones (2026). Referencias Enlaces externos Wikimedia Commons alberga una galería multimedia sobre Bletchley Park. La máquina Enigma, por Román Ceano Detalles de la Máquina Enigma
Bletchley Park

Bletchley Park (ang. Bletchley Park, znany też jako Station X) – posiadłość w Anglii, położona około 80 km na północny zachód od Londynu. Podczas II wojny światowej była siedzibą zespołu brytyjskich kryptologów, należących do Rządowej Szkoły Kodów i Szyfrów (Government Code and Cypher School), później znanej jako Rządowa Centrala Łączności (Government Communications Headquarters). Siedzibę kryptologów urządzono w wiktoriańskiej willi w roku 1939. Zajmowano się tam odczytywaniem szyfrogramów powstających na niemieckich maszynach Enigmie, maszynie Lorenza i innych. Zespół działał pod kierownictwem Alistaira Dennistona, początkowo liczył 150 osób, a kiedy wybuchła wojna został rozbudowany. Pomieszczenia willi przestały być wystarczające, dlatego w otaczającym parku wystawiono kilkanaście drewnianych baraków. W 1942 roku personel liczył 3500 osób, a w 1945 – 10 000 osób. Większość załogi Bletchley Park stanowiły kobiety (w 1945 roku aż 75%) wśród nich znajdowały się np. Joan Clarke, czy Betty Webb. Przypisy Linki zewnętrzne Oficjalna strona internetowa Bletchley Park. bletchleypark.org.uk. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2009-12-09)]. (ang.)
Bletchley Park

Bletchley Park, denumit și Station X, este o moșie aflată în localitatea Bletchley, din Buckinghamshire, aflată (din 1967) pe teritoriul orașului Milton Keynes, Anglia. În timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial, Bletchley Park a fost sediul principalei organizații de criptanaliză a Regatului Unit. Aici au fost descifrate codurile și cifrurile mai multor state ale Axei, cele mai importante fiind cele ale mașinilor germane Enigma și Lorenz. Informațiile de nivel înalt produse la Bletchley Park, denumite Ultra, au fost de mare ajutor pentru efortul de război al Aliaților, deși efectul Ultra asupra rezultatului final al războiului nu este foarte sigur. Bletchley Park este astăzi un muzeu deschis publicului.
Blečli Park

Blečli Park je engleska seoska vila i imanje u Blečliju, Milton Kejns (Bakingemšir), koji je postao glavni centar savezničkog razotkrivanja šifri tokom Drugog svetskog rata. Vila je izgrađena tokom perioda nakon 1883. za finansijera i političara Herberta Leona u viktorijanskom gotičkom, tudorskom i holandskom baroknom stilu, na mestu starijih istoimenih zgrada. Tokom Drugog svetskog rata, na imanju se nalazila Vladina škola kodova i šifri (GC&CS), koja je redovno penetrirala tajne komunikacije Sila Osovine – najvažnije nemačke Enigma i Lorenc šifre. GC&CS tim razotkrivača šifri uključivao je Alana Tjuringa, Hari Golombeka, Gordona Velčmana, Hju Aleksandra, Bila Tata i Stjuarta Milner-Berija. Prema zvaničnom istoričaru britanske obaveštajne službe, „Ultra“ obaveštajni podaci proizvedeni u Blečliju skratili su rat za dve do četiri godine, a bez njih bi ishod rata bio neizvestan. Tim u Blečli parku je osmislio automatske mašine koje su pomogle u dešifrovanju, što je kulminiralo razvojem Kolosusa, prvog programabilnog digitalnog elektronskog računara na svetu. Operacije razotrikvanja koda u Blečli parku su se završile 1946. godine i sve informacije o ratnim operacijama su ostale klasifikovane do sredine 1970-ih. Posle rata imao je različite namene, uključujući koledž za obuku nastavnika i lokalno sedište GPO. Do 1990. godine, kolibe u kojima su radili razotrivači šifri razmatrane su za rušenje i preuređenje. Blečli Park zadužbina je formirana u februaru 1992. kako bi se veliki deo lokacije zaštitio od stambene izgradnje. Nedavno je Blečli park bio otvoren za javnost, sa interpretativnim eksponatima i kolibama koje su ponovo izgrađene da izgledaju kao što su izgledale tokom svojih ratnih operacija. Godišnje prima stotine hiljada posetilaca. Odvojeni Nacionalni muzej računarstva, koji uključuje radnu repliku mašine Bombe i obnovljeni računar Kolosus, smešten je u Bloku H na ovoj lokaciji. Napomene Reference Literatura Spoljašnje veze
Riverdale House

Riverdale House is a Victorian mansion located at 89 Graham Road in the Ranmoor area of Sheffield, England. Formerly a private residence, the building, which is Grade II Listed has now been adopted for commercial use and accommodates several small businesses. History The house was built around 1860 for Charles Henry Firth (1837-1892) of the eminent Sheffield family of steel makers. Charles was the fifth son of Thomas Firth and the brother of Mark Firth. The house was constructed in the Victorian Gothic style and faced south taking in views of the Porter valley and Whiteley Woods. Firth lived at Riverdale house after his marriage to his wife Adelaide in 1860, who died at a young age in 1875. Firth himself died in December 1892 in Bath after suffering from gout for some time. Marianne Firth (Charles second wife) remained at Riverdale House for several years, along with her children and second husband. Riverdale House was put up for sale in June 1898 and was described as “a substantially stone built family mansion, having upwards of 13 acres of valuable freehold land (exclusive roads) surrounded by excellent boundary walls and belted with well grown plantations”. The house eventually became the property of John George Graves (1866-1945) who, in 1902, moved in. The 36-year-old Graves was a successful and wealthy businessman who had set up one of the first mail order catalogues selling furniture, electro-plated goods, tools, drapery and clothes, he also became known as a generous benefactor to the City of Sheffield. At its height Graves’ company employed 3,000 people and he and his wife Lucy held an annual tea party for staff in Riverdale House's large grounds (photograph on Picture Sheffield). Despite his success as a businessman, Graves did have financial difficulties in 1908 and was forced to lease Riverdale to a tenant and live in a smaller house in Beauchief, however by 1915 he had returned to the house and lived there for the rest of his life. After J.G. Graves’ death in 1945 Riverdale House was lived in by his daughter Ruth and her husband Stanley Drummond-Jackson. Around 1955 it was taken over by Brown Bayley Steels and used as offices. Today the house is still used as offices but is divided up between a number of small businesses. The substantial grounds were built on in the mid 1970s to accommodate the Riverdale Park apartment complex and the house is now hemmed in by modern buildings. Architecture The house has been described as “Sumptuous Gothic” and is built from rock faced stone with ashlar dressings and gabled and hipped slate roofs. There is extensive use of lancet and sash windows with two storey bays at the front. The house has a fine entrance lodge at the corner of Graham Road and Riverdale Road, it is built in the same style as the main house and includes a hipped porch. It is also Grade II listed and is now used as offices. References
Riverdale House

Riverdale House est un manoir victorien situé au 89 Graham Road dans le quartier de Ranmoor, à Sheffield, en Angleterre. Anciennement résidence privée, ce bâtiment est classé grade II est utilisé à des fins commerciales et pour loger de petits groupes d'affaires. Références Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme Portail de l’Angleterre Portail des monuments classés au Royaume-Uni
East India Arms

Das East India Arms ist ein Pub in der City of London. Das Gebäude liegt an der Fenchurch Street neben dem Platz an dem die East India Company ihr Hauptquartier hatte. Geschichte Das East India Arms geht vermutlich auf das Magpie Ale House zurück, das sich seit mindestens 1645 an dieser Stelle der Fenchurch Street befand. Das East India Arms entstand 1829 als Teil eines gesamten Blocks der typisch für damalige Londoner Gebäude war: die Häuser Fenchurch 67 bis Fenchurch 70 waren alles vierstöckige Bauten aus rotem Backstein. In ihnen befanden sich ursprünglich verschiedene Händler und Dienstleister, die mit der East India Company und dem Handel mit Ostasien zu tun hatten. Die anderen Häuser des Blocks fielen 1910 einem neuen Häuserblock von Paul Hoffman zum Opfer. 1838 bildete John Tallis das East India Arms in seinem ersten Atlas von London ab. Das 1829 gebaute Gebäude ist mittlerweile das älteste Gebäude der Lloyd’s Avenue Conservation Area und der Fenchurch Street. Innerhalb der Londoner Innenstadt ist es der einzige Ort, der noch an die East India Company erinnert. Das Pub selbst gehört der Brauerei Shepherd Neame, und findet sich dank deren Bier regelmäßig auf Zusammenstellungen guter Pubs in England. In der Nachkriegszeit besuchten vor allem Büroangestellte der City das Pub. Es kamen aber auch Offiziere zur See, die an der Lloyd’s Maritime Academy eine Prüfung abgelegt hatten oder noch abzulegen hatten. Architektur und derzeitige Nutzung Das Gebäude des East India Arms ist ein vierstöckiges Gebäude im klassischen edwardianischen Stil. Die Fassaden bestehen aus rotem Backstein. Die Ecke ist, typisch für Bauten der Zeit, rund und bildet einen gelungenen Abschluss des Häuserblocks an dem das East India Arms steht. Der rote Backstein bildet einen auffallenden Kontrast zu den anderen historischen Gebäuden der Gegend, die meist aus Portland Stone gefertigt sind. In ihren klassischen Proportionen allerdings bilden sie ein zusammenhängendes Ensemble. Das East India Arms ist ein klassisches britisches Pub, das nur Barhocker und Stehplätze hat, und keinerlei Speisen serviert. Das Pub serviert vor allem Bier der vergleichsweise kleinen handwerklichen Brauerei Shepheard Neame, trotz der Verbindung zur East India Company allerdings kein India Pale Ale. Die Inneneinrichtung besteht aus alten Fotos der Gegend und Spiegeln. Der Boden des einzigen Raums hat einen Holzfußboden. Es ist aber möglich, Mitgebrachtes zu verzehren. Frequentiert wird es vor allem von Angestellten der nahegelegenen Büros. Verbindungen zur East India Company An der Außenseite des Pubs erinnert eine Gedenktafel an die East India Company und deren Geschichte. Obwohl das Pub der einzige Erinnerungsort in der Londoner Innenstadt für die East India Company ist, gibt es keine direkte Verbindung zwischen beiden. Immerhin aber eröffnete das East India Arms an dieser Stelle etwa 20 Jahre vor dem Ende der Company neben deren Hauptsitz und einer Reihe von Lagerhäusern der Company. Es ist also sehr wahrscheinlich, dass Angestellte der Company dort in seinen Anfangszeiten ein und aus gingen. Anmerkungen Weblinks Website bei Shepherd Neame
East India Arms

The East India Arms is a pub in the City of London. The building is located on Fenchurch Street near the place where the East India Company had its headquarters. History The pub is believed to stand on the same site in Fenchurch Street previously occupied from at least 1645 by The Magpie Ale House. The East India Arms was built in 1829 as part of an entire block of then typical London buildings: the houses at 67 to 70 Fenchurch Street were all four-storey buildings in red brick. They originally housed different merchants and service providers having business with the East India Company and trade in East Asia. The other houses in the block were demolished in 1910 due to redevelopment by Paul Hoffman. In 1838, John Tallis included the East India Arms in his first Atlas of London. The 1829 building is now the oldest building in the Lloyd's Avenue Conservation Area and Fenchurch Street. Within the City of London, it is the only place which still has links to the East India Company. The pub itself is part of the Shepherd Neame brewery. In the postwar period, office workers of the City visited the pub, though there were also naval officers who were sitting their examinations at the Lloyd's Maritime Academy. Architecture and current use The East India Arms is a four-storey building in classic Georgian style. The façade is of red brick. The corner is, typical for buildings of the time, curved, and marks a successful conclusion to the block on which it is located. The red brick forms a striking contrast to the other historic buildings in the area, which are mostly made of Portland stone. In its classic proportions, however, it contributes to forming a coherent ensemble. The East India Arms is a classic British pub, with only bar stools and standing room, and serving no food (though it is possible to consume one's own food). The pub serves beer, in particular from Shepherd Neame Brewery. Despite the connection to the East India Company, however, India Pale Ale is served on draught, though Shepherd Neame's IPA is served in bottles. The interior is decorated with old photos of the area and mirrors. The single room has a wooden floor. It is primarily frequented by employees of nearby offices. Connections to the East India Company On the outside of the pub is a plaque to the East India Company and its history. Although the pub is the only reminder in central London of the East India Company, there is no direct connection between the two. The East India Arms opened on this site about 20 years before the end of the company. It is therefore very likely that employees of the Company frequented it in its early days. References External links Shepherd Neame website
Phare de Lundy (Nord)

Le phare nord de Lundy est un phare situé au nord-ouest de l' de île Lundy dans le canal de Bristol du comté de Devon en Angleterre. Il est couplé au phare de Lundy (Sud). Ces deux phares remplacent l'ancien phare de Lundy. Ce phare est géré par la Trinity House Lighthouse Service de Londres, l'organisation de l'aide maritime des côtes de l'Angleterre. Il est maintenant protégé en tant que monument classé du Royaume-Uni de Grade II depuis 1991. Histoire Les fondations d'un premier phare sur l'île Lundy, au large des côtes nord du Devon, ont été posées en 1787, mais le premier phare (maintenant connu sous le nom de Old Light) n'a été construit que lorsque Trinity House a obtenu un bail de 999 ans en 1819. En raison de plaintes consécutives à la difficulté d'apercevoir la lumière dans le brouillard, le phare a été abandonné lorsque les deux autres phares ont été construits et mis en service en 1897. Les deux nouveaux phares ont été construits en 1897 aux extrémités de l'île. Les deux stations de signalisation sont peints en blanc et sont gérées et entretenues par Trinity House. Le phare Nord mesure 17 m de haut, un peu plus grand que celui du Sud, et a un plan focal de 48 m. Il émet un flash blanc rapide toutes les 15 secondes. À l'origine, le feu était alimenté par brûleur de vapeur de pétrole. Le carburant arrivait par la mer et il était acheminé du quai de débarquement au moyen d'un traîneau et un treuil, et ensuite transporté à l'aide d'un petit chemin de fer (tiré par un treuil). Les vestiges de cette installation sont encore visibles. Ce système fut abandonné en 1971 et le phare utilisa une lampe alimentée par l'électricité de secteur de l'île. La lumière a été modernisée en 1991 et convertie à l'énergie solaire par des panneaux installés sur l'ancien bâtiment de la corne de brume. Identifiant : ARLHS : ENG-074 - Amirauté : A5616 - NGA : 6244 . Notes et références Voir aussi Lien connexe Liste des phares en Angleterre Liens externes (en) Lighthouses of Southwest England (Devon et Cornouaille) (en) Lundy North Lighthouse - Trinity House (en) Lundy North- Site Worldwide Lighthouses Portail des phares Portail de l’océan Atlantique Portail de l’Angleterre Portail des monuments classés au Royaume-Uni