NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Badaguan

Badaguan (Chinese: 八大关; pinyin: Bādàguān; lit. 'the eight great passes') is a historical mansion area located near the coastline in the city of Qingdao, Shandong, China. Badaguan is made up of streets named after great military forts of the ancient times. It was originally a residential area for the Germans built when Qingdao was a German protectorate (1897–1914). Each street is lined with a single species of tree and many street names are colloquially known by the trees that line them. Along the streets are houses built in a variety of European architectural styles. Badaguan is bordered on the west by No. 1 Beach and on the east by No. 3 Beach. Badaguan is a popular destination for wedding photography. One can often see dozens of newlywed-couples being photographed along Badaguan's shoreline and greenspace. Next to Badaguan, on the south end of No. 2 Beach, is a large rocky outcropping on which a stone Russian villa was constructed. Built in 1932, Huashi Lou (花石楼) combines Greek, Gothic, and Gothic influences throughout its five storey hulk. It is constructed from marble and stone and features a large turret and a multicolored outer face which inspired the locals' nickname for the structure, "the colorful rock building". It also contains a passageway which Chiang Kai-shek used to get from the building to the seashore. The streets of Badaguan These streets run north-south: Zijingguan Road (紫荆关路) Ningwuguan Road (宁武关路) Shaoguan Road (韶关路) These streets run east-west: Wushengguan Road (武胜关路) Jiayuguan Road (嘉峪关路) Hanguguan Road (函谷关路) Zhengyangguan Road (正阳关路) Linhuaiguan Road (临淮关路) Juyongguan Road (居庸关路) Shanhaiguan Road (山海关路) Festival on Badaguan An annual festival of "Badaguan Beer Festival" is held from August 10 to 25, during which period there is such a variety of holiday events as musical instruments performance, dance performance, and beer-drinking competition. See also List of tourist attractions in China Notes References . "Badaguan." China Connection Tours. China Connection Tours, 2012. Web. 19 Jul 2012. <http://www.china-tour.cn/Qingdao/Ba-Da-Guan.htm>. https://web.archive.org/web/20120521195905/http://www.funtouristattractions.com/a/ba-da-guan-scenic-area-qingdao-china/76 . " 青岛八大关别墅群." 青岛旅游. 青岛旅游, 2012. Web. 19 Jul 2012. <http://qingdao.cncn.com/jingdian/badaguan/>. . "Badaguan Scenic Area · 八大关." Fun Tourist Attractions. Funtouristattractions.com, 2010. Web. 19 Jul 2012. <https://web.archive.org/web/20120521195905/http://www.funtouristattractions.com/a/ba-da-guan-scenic-area-qingdao-china/76>. . "Qingdao Attractions." China Holidays. Chinaholidays.com, 2012. Web. 19 Jul 2012. <http://www.chinaholidays.com/guide/cities/qingdao-attractions.html Archived 2012-11-16 at the Wayback Machine>.
Ba Da Guan

Bā Dà Guān (en chino, 八大关; pinyin, Bā Dà Guān; literalmente, ‘los ocho grandes pasajes’) es una zona histórica de mansiones situada cerca de la costa, en la ciudad de Qingdao, Shandong, China. Bā Dà Guān se compone de ocho calles, llamadas en honor a ocho grandes fuertes militares de la antigüedad. Era originalmente una zona residencial para los alemanes construida cuando Qingdao era un protectorado alemán (1897-1914). En cada calle está plantada una especie de árbol diferente, y muchas calles se conocen coloquialmente como el árbol que tienen.​ A lo largo de las calles hay casas construidas en diferentes estilos europeos. Bā Dà Guān está rodeada por la playa número 1 en el oeste y la playa número 3 en el este. Bā Dà Guān es un destino popular para las fotografías de boda. A menudo se pueden ver decenas de parejas de recién casados fotografiándose en la costa y espacios verdes de esta zona. Junto a Bā Dà Guān, en el sur de la playa número 2, hay un gran promontorio rocoso en el que se construyó una villa rusa de piedra. Construida en 1932, Huā Shí Lóu (花石楼) combina influencias griegas y góticas en sus cinco pisos. Fue construida con mármol y piedra y tiene una gran torre y superficie multiculor, que inspiró el sobrenombre local "el edificio de piedra de colores".​ También contiene un pasadizo que Chiang Kai-shek usó para llegar a la orilla del mar desde el edificio. Referencias
Baotu-Quelle

Die Baotu-Quelle (chinesisch 趵突泉, Pinyin Bàotū Quán) ist eine Karstquelle in der Stadt Jinan in China. Beschreibung Die Baotu-Quelle liegt in der Provinz Shandong mitten im Stadtgebiet von Jinan. Sie wird in den Frühlings- und Herbstannalen, einer der Fünf Klassiker der chinesischen Literatur erwähnt, und wurde in der Qing-Dynastie von Kaiser Qianlong als „Die erste Quelle unter dem Himmel“ benannt. Die Baotu-Quelle ist die bekannteste unter den mehr als 70 Artesischen Quellen in der Innenstadt. Das Wasser all dieser Quellen stammt aus einem Karst-Grundwasserleiter im Ordovizium unter der Stadt. Da das Gelände um Jinan von Süd nach Nord abfällt, befindet sich das Einzugsgebiet der Quelle im Gebirge südlich der Stadt. Es umfasst etwa 1.500 Quadratkilometer. Seit den 1970er Jahren sind die Quellen mehrmals versiegt, weil zu viel Wasser aus dem Grundwasserleiter für den menschlichen Gebrauch entnommen wurde. Das etwa 30 Meter lange und 18 Meter breite, rechteckige Quellbecken der Baotu-Quelle wird durch drei Austrittsstellen im Kalkstein gespeist. Je nach Quellschüttung und dem damit verbundenen Wasserdruck, sind kleine Fontänen im Quellbecken sichtbar. Sie sollen schon Höhen bis zu 26 Metern erreicht haben. Das Becken ist von historischen Gebäuden umgeben. Die Quellschüttung kann einen Wert von bis zu 1600 Liter pro Sekunde erreichen. Die Wassertemperatur bleibt über das ganze Jahr konstant bei 18 Grad Celsius. Das Gebiet der Baotu-Quelle sowie einige benachbarte Quellen sind durch einen öffentlichen Park geschützt, der im Jahr 1956 errichtet wurde und ca. 10,5 Hektar umfasst. Siehe auch Liste von Karstquellen Weblinks Einzelnachweise
Große Mauer des Staates Qi

Die Große Mauer von Qi (chinesisch 齊長城 / 齐长城, Pinyin Qí chángchéng) ist die älteste erhaltene Große Mauer in China. Sie befindet sich auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Provinz Shandong und wurde 685–645 v. Chr. in der Zeit der Frühlings- und Herbstannalen (722 bis 481 v. Chr.) und in der Zeit der Streitenden Reiche (475–221 v. Chr.) vom Staat Qi zum Schutz gegen andere Staaten, insbesondere gegen den nordwärts strebenden Staat Chu erbaut. Sie hatte eine Länge von mehr als 600 Kilometern. Die Mauer verlief vom Ufer des Gelben Flusses bis zum Gelben Meer im Osten. Auf der Denkmalliste der VR China stehen die Stätten in den Gebieten der folgenden Städte und Kreise: Jinan, Zhangqiu, Feicheng, Tai’an, Laiwu, Zibo, Kreis Yiyuan, Kreis Linqu, Anqiu, Zhucheng, Kreis Yishui, Kreis Ju, Kreis Wulian, Jiaonan und Qingdao. Denkmal der VR China Die genannten Stätten der Großen Mauer von Qi (Qi changcheng yizhi) stehen seit 2002 auf der Liste der Denkmäler der Volksrepublik China (5-442(1)). Literatur He Deliang 何德亮: Qi changcheng xianzhuang kaocha. 齐长城现状考察 (Untersuchungen zum gegenwärtigen Zustand der Großen Mauer von Qi). Wenwu tiandi 文物天地 2003.12. Weblinks Chronology – Englisch The Wall of Qi State – Englisch Qi changcheng – Chinesisch
Great Wall of Qi

The Great Wall of Qi (simplified Chinese: 齐长城; traditional Chinese: 齊長城; pinyin: Qí Chángchéng) is the oldest existing Great Wall in China. Textual records on bamboo state that construction of the wall started in 441 BC by the state of Qi, to defend itself against attacks from the states of Jin and Yue, although archeological discovery found the oldest parts of the wall were from an even earlier period. Construction ended during the Warring States period and became Qi's defense against enemy states like Ju, Lu, and Chu. The wall stretches from Guangli village of today's Changqing District, Jinan, running across the mountain ridges of central Shandong Province to the Yellow Sea in the present-day city of Qingdao. Its total length has been estimated at 600 kilometers. Large parts of the wall can still be seen. Dating Before the discovery of the Tsinghua bamboo strips, several dates had been put forward as the date for the construction of the Great Wall of Qi. The earliest possible date is during the reign of Lord Huan of Qi (r. 685–643 BC) as mentioned in the Guanzi's "Qing zhong D" (輕重丁) chapter. However, the "Qing zhong" chapters of the Guanzi were in all likelihood composed no earlier than the Warring States period instead of the 7th century BCE work they purport to be, and thus could not be seen as a reliable historical source for the Spring and Autumn period centuries removed. The next date is 555 BC, which comes from the Zuo zhuan describing a Jin invasion of Qi that year which involved a Qi fortification, claimed by the Shui Jing Zhu to be part of the Great Wall of Qi. The Zuo zhuan itself, however, never used the term "great wall" (長城 changcheng) or referred to other fortifications along Qi's southern border, throwing doubts into this identification. The date 441 BC comes from the Xinian (繫年) collection of the Tsinghua bamboo strips, which were discovered from a Chu tomb in Hubei or Hunan and acquired by the Tsinghua University in 2008. Xinian was determined to be composed in the state of Chu no later than 370 BC, which puts it in good authority for the events it describes in its last four sections covering the period from 450 to 395 BC. Specifically, Xinian writes that Qi built the Great Wall "for the first time" after Zhao Huanzi (趙桓子) of Jin allied with the state of Yue to invade Qi. This date accords well with other records of battles happening along the wall in 404 BC, 365 BC, and 350 BC from the Bamboo Annals and inscriptions on the Piaoqiang bronze bells (𠫑羌鐘; discovered in Luoyang in 1928–1931). In 2024, archaeologists dug up a section of the Qi Great Wall in the village of Guangli in Changqing district of Shandong, revealing the oldest parts of the wall were built during the Western Zhou dynasty (1046-771 BC). See also Great Wall of China List of sites in Jinan References Notes Bibliography Pines, Yuri (2018). "The Earliest 'Great Wall'? Long Wall of Qi Revisited" (PDF). Journal of the American Oriental Society. 138 (4): 743–762. doi:10.7817/jameroriesoci.138.4.0743.
Grande muraille de Qi

La Grande muraille de Qi (en mandarin simplifié : 齐长城; en pinyin : Qí Chángchéng) est un rempart érigé par l'État du Qi pour se protéger de l'État du Chu, et dont seules certaines portions sont conservées. La construction a commencé vers 685 av-JC. et a continué jusqu'à la fin de la période des Royaumes combattants. La longueur totale de la fortification était d'environ 600 km. Notes et références Bibliographie (en) Yuri Pines (en), « The Earliest “Great Wall”? The Long Wall of Qi Revisited », Journal of the American Oriental Society, université de Nankai et université hébraïque de Jérusalem, vol. 138, no 4,‎ 2018, p. 743-762 (lire en ligne [PDF]). Portail de l’archéologie Portail de la Chine
Wielki Mur Qi

Wielki Mur Qi (chiń. 齐长城) – mur obronny położony we współczesnej chińskiej prowincji Szantung, wzniesiony między okresami Wiosen i Jesieni a Walczących Królestw. Historia Budowa muru przypadała na przełom okresów Wiosen i Jesieni oraz Walczących Królestw. Celem wzniesienia fortyfikacji była obrona zachodniej granicy państwa Qi przed siłami państw Jin oraz Lu. Według wyników badań prowadzonych w latach 1996–1997 całkowita długość konstrukcji wynosiła 643,89 km, z czego ponad 64% zachowało się w stanie ruin. W czerwcu 2001 roku obiekt został wpisany do rejestru zabytków. Przypisy
Циская Великая стена

Циская Великая стена (кит. трад. 齊長城, упр. 齐长城, пиньинь Qí Chángchéng) — комплекс оборонительных сооружений, построенный в основании Шаньдунского полуострова в VII—V вв. до н. э.. В связи с тем, что этот комплекс сооружений — старейший из существующих в Китае, то его образно называют «отцом Великой стены» (长城之父). История В XI веке до н. э. на Шаньдунском полуострове возникло царство Ци. В 685 году до н. э. на его южных границах началось строительство цепи оборонительных сооружений, соединённых стеной. Строительство продолжалось вплоть до эпохи Сражающихся царств. После того, как в III веке до н. э. царство Цинь завоевало все прочие царства Поднебесной, царство Ци, оставшись против него в одиночестве, сдалось без боя и было аннексировано. Земли, на которых была построена Циская Великая стена, оказались внутренними территориями и потеряли военное значение, поэтому оборонительные сооружения были заброшены. Тем не менее, остатки Циской Великой стены сохранились до настоящего времени. География Циская Великая стена проходила от территории современного города субпровинциального значения Цзинань до современного города субпровинциального значения Циндао, через территории современных городских округов Тайань, Цзыбо, Вэйфан, Линьи и Жичжао. Её общая длина достигала 600 км. Ссылки 行走中国|寻踪2600年前的中国古长城 «长城之父»大变脸 齐长城文化带成文物保护重点
Dongping Lake

The Dongping Lake (Chinese: 东平湖; pinyin: Dōngpíng Hú) is a freshwater lake in Shandong Province of China. It is situated in Dongping County in the west of Shandong Province, south of the lower reaches of Yellow River. The lake has a total area of about 148 square kilometers. The average depth is 1.59 m, the water storage capacity is about 2.35×108m3. The Dongping Lake is the second largest fresh-water lake in Shandong Province; it is the only extant water area of the Eight Hundred Li Liangshan Lake (Chinese: 八百里梁山水泊) described in the famous medieval novel, Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. The Dongping Lake will be used as a reservoir on the Eastern Route of China's South–North Water Transfer Project. (The Yangtze River to Yellow River route, mostly piggybacking on, or paralleling, the Grand Canal of China.) As the water transfer system entered its testing stage in the summer of 2013, the area's fish farmers started complaining that the polluted Yangtze River water entering the Dongping Lake is killing their fish. See also Zhoucheng Subdistrict Chinese replenishment ship Dongpinghu Notes
Dongping Hu

Dongping Hu är en sjö i Kina. Den ligger i provinsen Shandong, i den östra delen av landet, omkring 100 kilometer sydväst om provinshuvudstaden Jinan. Dongping Hu ligger 38 meter över havet. Arean är 141 kvadratkilometer. Den sträcker sig 24,0 kilometer i nord-sydlig riktning, och 16,6 kilometer i öst-västlig riktning. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är 667 millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är juli, med i genomsnitt 208 mm nederbörd, och den torraste är januari, med 2 mm nederbörd. Kommentarer Källor
Five Dragon Pool

The Five Dragon Pool or Wulongtan is a culturally significant pond fed by artesian karst springs in the city of Jinan, Shandong province, China. It is one of the best known springs among the 72 famous springs of Jinan. The spring that supplies the water for the Five Dragon Pool belongs to a group of springs that also contains 28 other springs, such as the Tianjing Spring, Seventy-Third Spring, Ximizhi Spring, Dongmizhi Spring, Yueya Spring, Jing Spring, and the Congming Spring. The water of the Five Dragon Spring originates from the deepest circulation of all the springs in Jinan City. Legend links the Five Dragon Pool to the Tang dynasty general Qin Shubao, whose residence is said to have stood at the site. According to the legend, the spring pool formed after torrential rains that submersed Qin Shubao's home. In 1985, the Five Dragon Pool Public Park was established and the garden landscape surrounding the springs was restored Springs in the group Gu Wen Spring (Chinese: 古温泉; pinyin: Gǔ Wēn Quán) Xianqing Spring (Chinese: 贤清泉; pinyin: Xiánqīng Quán) Tianjing Spring (Chinese: 天镜泉; pinyin: Tiānjìng Quán) Yueya Spring (Chinese: 月牙泉; pinyin: Yuèyá Quán) Ximizhi Spring (Chinese: 西蜜脂泉; pinyin: Xīmìzhī Quán) Guanjiachi Spring (Chinese: 官家泉; pinyin: Guānjiā Quán) Huima Spring (Chinese: 回马泉; pinyin: Huímǎ Quán) Qiuxi Spring (Chinese: 虬溪泉; pinyin: Qiúxī Quán) Jade Spring (Chinese: 玉泉; pinyin: Yù Quán) Lian Spring (Chinese: 濂泉; pinyin: Lián Quán) Location The Five Dragon Pool is located to the west of the historical city center of Jinan and to the north of the Baotu Spring. The street address of the park is No. 18 Kuangshi Street, Shizhong District, Jinan City, People's Republic of China. See also Baotu Spring (nearby) Black Tiger Spring Pearl Spring List of sites in Jinan References
Conson Gymnasium

Qingdao Sports Centre Conson Gymnasium (official name) is an indoor sporting arena located in Qingdao, China, used mostly for basketball and arena football games. The capacity of the arena is 12,500 spectators. It hosts indoor sporting events such as badminton, basketball, concerts, gymnastics, table tennis and volleyball. Notable events Super Show 3 - Super Junior The 3rd ASIA Tour, August 28, 2010, with a sold-out crowd of 12,000 people. 2011 Sudirman Cup On 20 May 2017, Joker Xue, a Chinese singer-songwriter, headlined the arena as part of his I Think I've Seen You Somewhere Tour. 2025 Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships See also Qingdao Conson Stadium List of indoor arenas in China References External links Arena information Pictures of arena
Songlin Academy

Song Lin Academy (松林书院) was established in the period of Renzong in the Northern Song dynasty. At that time, it was called "Pinon Academy". After the reign of Zhengde of the Ming dynasty, the name was changed to the "Song Lin Academy". It became a part of Qing Zhou No. 1 High School in 1986. The Song Lin Academy is an historical building. During the Song dynasty, Renzong presented "The Four Books and Five Classics" to Qingzhou to study Confucianism to develop a talent for government. Since the Xianzong period in the Ming dynasty, Song Lin Academy was used to memory the 13 famous magistrates, including Fan Zhongyan. Current condition Song Lin Academy is in the middle of the Qingzhou No. 1 High School. Currently, classes are not held in the Song Lin Academy, but some famous people's photos are exhibited in the main hall. Some pictures of Qing Zhou's mayor are exhibited in the south hall and some of the president of Qingzhou No. 1 High School are exhibited in the north hall.
Kiautschou Governor's Hall

Kiautschou Governor's Hall (Chinese: 提督府; pinyin: Tídū Fǔ) is the former German colonial government building at Qingdao, China. History The building was designed by the German architect Friedrich Mahlke (1871 – 1944) and was constructed during the years from 1904 to 1906. It was officially handed over to the administration on April 2, 1906. It has a gross space of 7,500 square meters. The building originally served as the Kiautschou naval and civil government office and was known as Gouverneurspalast, or the Governor's Palace. After the Siege of Tsingtao in 1914, the building became the Japanese occupation headquarters until 1922, when China regained sovereignty over its province. Before and during World War II, Jioazhou Governor's Hall was again used by the Japanese as the seat of their occupation regime from 1938 to 1945. The building was subsequently used by the Kuomintang government and, after June 1949, by the People's Republic of China. It served as Qingdao's townhall until 1992. Gallery References
Cementerio de Confucio

El Cementerio de Confucio (en chino: 孔林;​ literalmente «Bosque de los Kongs») es un cementerio del clan Kong (los descendientes de Confucio) ubicado en Qufu, la ciudad natal del pensador. Algunos de sus seguidores están enterrados allí, así como muchos miles de sus descendientes. Desde 1994, el Cementerio de Confucio ha sido parte del patrimonio mundial de la UNESCO del «Templo y cementerio de Confucio y residencia de la familia Kong en Qufu». Los otros dos componentes del sitio son el Templo de Confucio, dedicado a la memoria del filósofo y la residencia de la familia Kong, donde vivían sus descendientes. Los tres sitios son conocidos colectivamente como Qufu San Kong (三孔), es decir, «Los Tres [lugares] confucionistas». Véase también Panteón Necrópolis Referencias Enlaces externos Wikimedia Commons alberga una categoría multimedia sobre Cementerio de Confucio.
Cimetière de Confucius

Le cimetière de Confucius (en mandarin simplifié : 孔林; en pinyin : Kǒng Lín) est le cimetière du clan Kong, qui sont les descendants de Confucius, ainsi que de Confucius et de certains de ses disciples. Le cimetière est situé dans la ville de Qufu, en Chine. Depuis 1994, le cimetière est listé, avec le temple de Confucius, sur le patrimoine mondial de l'humanité en tant que partie du site : Temple et cimetière de Confucius et résidence de la famille Kong à Qufu. Révolution culturelle En novembre 1966, un groupe de gardes rouges de Pékin s'est associé avec un autre groupe de Qufu pour détruire une partie du cimetière et la statue du temple de Confucius. Durant leurs vingt-neuf jours de présence, 100 000 volumes de textes classiques ont été brûlés, plus de 6 000 objets détruits ou endommagés, et six tombes ouvertes. Deux mille tombes ont été pillées durant le printemps de l'année 1967 par la population qui espérait y découvrir des trésors. Les objets en or trouvés dans les tombes ont été rachetés à la population par l'agence locale de la Banque populaire de Chine. Après la Révolution culturelle, des objets funéraires ont encore été rachetés en vue de la restauration des lieux. Références Voir aussi Lieux de sépulture des fondateurs des religions du monde Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme Portail du monde chinois
Кладовище Кунлінь

Цвинтар Кунлінь або Ліс Конфуція (кит.: 孔林) — родовий некрополь Конфуція, що знаходиться в Цюйфу, поблизу храму Конфуція. Він вважається найбільшим і таким, що найкраще зберігся в Китаї. Опис Тут розташована могила Конфуція та членів його родини. З підвищенням авторитету вчення Конфуція цей «родовий ліс» безперервно розширювався. У епоху Цін він займав площу 2 кв. км. В цьому лісі розташовані кам'яні стели з епітафіями і кам'яні статуї. Найраніші з них відносяться до часів правління династії Хань (206 р. до н. е. — 220 р. н. е.) і далі — до епох Мін і Цін. Таких стел налічується понад 5 тисяч. На цьому кладовищі знаходяться могили більш ніж 100 000 нащадків Конфуція, які були там поховані протягом 2000 років. У 1331 році почалися будівельні роботи на стінах і воротах цвинтаря. Загалом, на кладовищі відбулося 13 реконструкцій та розширень. Зрештою, наприкінці XVIII століття, по периметру стіни досягали довжини 7,5 км, а площа складала 3,6 км2. Ліс Конфуція є незамінним джерелом для вивчення політичного, економічного і культурного розвитку, а також для дослідження ритуалів поховання в стародавньому Китаї. Галерея Див. також Храм Конфуція в Цюйфу Конфуцій Конфуціанство Примітки Джерела Sang Ye, Geremie R. Barmé, " Commemorating Confucius in 1966-67. The Fate of the Confucius Temple, the Kong Mansion and Kong Cemetery. 孔庙、孔府、孔林 ", China Heritage Quartely, no 20, 2009. Ma, Aiping; Si, Lina; Zhang, Hongfei (2009), «The evolution of cultural tourism: The example of Qufu, the birthplace of Confucius», in Ryan, Chris; Gu, Huimin, Tourism in China: destination, cultures and communities, Routledge advances in tourism, Taylor & Francis US, p. 183, ISBN 0-415-99189-7 Посилання Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu [Архівовано 26 Грудня 2018 у Wayback Machine.](англ.)