NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Peking Union Medical College

Peking Union Medical College, concurrently known as the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, is a public medical college in Dongcheng, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the National Health Commission of China.Peking Union Medical College's predecessor was founded by the Rockefeller Foundation in 1917. Due to an affiliation with Tsinghua University in 2006, graduates from the medical college will receive diplomas and degrees from both Peking Union Medical College and Tsinghua University upon graduation. History The former Union Medical College was founded in 1906, bringing together six smaller missionary colleges. The Rockefeller Foundation was established in 1913 and in 1913-1914 the newly formed Foundation created a Commission, including Franklin C. McLean, to examine medical education in China. Wu Lien-teh strongly supported the establishment of a new medical college in Peking and made a number of recommendations, all of which were adopted. The Peking Union Medical College was formally established by the Rockefeller Foundation in 1917. In 1951, the government of the People's Republic of China nationalized Peking Union Medical College. In April 2025, Peking Union Medical College was exposed by the media to have launched a clinical medicine doctoral training program in 2018 known as the "4+4" model, which consists of 4 years of non-medical undergraduate education followed by 4 years of medical professional education. The program uses the theory of liberal education as a justification, arguing that doctors should possess a broader knowledge base beyond medicine. This has sparked a debate between liberal education and specialized education. The public has expressed disapproval, claiming that it not only wastes the first four years of undergraduate study but also results in doctors trained under the liberal education theory lacking adequate medical skills. Furthermore, the program has been criticized as a shortcut for children of powerful and wealthy families to quickly obtain a doctoral degree. Rankings As of 2024, its "Biomedical Engineering" and "Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences" were ranked 34th and 2nd in the world respectively, while "Biological Sciences" and "Public Health" were placed in the top 100 in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities. As of 2025, its "Pharmacology and Toxicology" also ranked 9th globally by the U.S. News & World Report. It is also ranked in "ARWU Best Chinese Universities Ranking - Ranking of Chinese Medical Universities". Notes References and further reading External links Official Website 100 Years: The Rockefeller Foundation, China Medical Board Archived 2017-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
Beijing Dance Academy

The Beijing Dance Academy (BDA, Chinese: 北京舞蹈学院) is a municipal public professional dance college at Haidian, Beijing. The academy is the highest institution for dance education and assessment in the People's Republic of China, conducting the nationwide teacher qualification level examinations in Chinese dance. The Beijing Dance Academy was established as the Beijing Dance School (Chinese: 北京舞蹈学校) in 1954, and turned into the Beijing Dance Academy with the approval of State Council and the sponsorship of the Ministry of Culture in 1978. In 2000, its sponsorship was transferred to the Beijing Municipal People's Government. The Academy provides BA and MA degrees and has become the only institution of higher learning for professional dance education in China. The Academy, known as "the Cradle of Dancers" (Chinese: 舞蹈家的摇篮) and adjacent to Zizhuyuan Park, Haidian District, has over 500 faculty and staff, and over 2,000 full-time students. The Chinese government provides significant funding to the Academy and directly oversees its operations. Notable alumni An Yuexi (born 1989), actress Ayanga (born 1989) actor, singer, and songwriter of Mongol ethnicity Chi Cao (born 1978), Chinese-born British ballet dancer Li Cunxin (born 1961), Chinese-Australian retired ballet dancer, stockbroker and artistic director Elena Gutiérrez (born 1944), Costa Rican-Chilean ballet dancer and choreographer Chengwu Guo, ballet dancer Gina Jin (born 1990), actress Huang Xuan (born 1985), actor Jiang Mengjie (born 1989), actress Li Yitong (born 1990), actress and singer Liu Shishi (born 1987), actress Liu Yan (born 1982), classical dancer, choreographer, theatre director and professor Victoria Song (born 1987), singer, dancer, actress, model, host, author and member of f(x) Wan Peng (born 1996), actress Wang Likun (born 1985), actress and dancer Wei Wang, ballet dancer and principal dancer at the San Francisco Ballet Wang Yan, (born 1974) actress Wang Yijin (born 1996), idol, actress and member of BonBon Girls 303 Wang Yuwen (born 1997), actress Wen Hui (born 1960) dancer, choreographer, and filmmaker Lulu Xuan (born 1991), actress Zhang Huiwen (born 1993), actress Zhang Yifan, idol, actress and member of BonBon Girls 303 Zhang Ziyi (born 1979), actress Zhao Xiaotang, idol, actress and former member of The9 Zheng Yunlong (born 1990), actor References External links Official website
Académie de danse de Pékin

L'Académie de danse de Pékin (chinois simplifié : 北京舞蹈学院 ; chinois traditionnel : 北京舞蹈學院 ; pinyin : Běijīng Wǔdǎo Xuéyuàn) est une institution renommée et la plus prestigieuse de Chine pour l'enseignement de la danse. Elle se situe dans le district de Haidian, à Pékin. Histoire L'académie est fondée le 6 septembre 1954 sous le nom d’École de danse de Pékin. En 1978, avec l'approbation du Ministère de la Culture, elle a été transformée en Académie de danse de Pékin. Dai Ailian participe à sa création, en est la première directrice, et y créée notamment Lotus Dance et Flying Apsaras, désormais considérés comme des classiques de la danse moderne chinoise du XXe siècle. La danse moderne y fait son entrée en 1992. Description L'académie dispense ses enseignements aux différents niveaux de la scolarité : maternelle, niveau élémentaire, collège (medium), secondaire et supérieur[réf. souhaitée]. Il y a près de 600 enseignants et membres du personnel administratif, et environ 2500 étudiants[réf. souhaitée]. L'admission y est sélective. Les élèves fréquentent l'école à temps plein et suivent également des cours de mathématiques, de littérature et d'autres sujets standards. Les étudiants choisissent une spécialité, telle que le ballet ou la danse traditionnelle chinoise. Anciens élèves connus Chi Cao, danseur étoile du Birmingham Royal Ballet Li Cunxin, danseur de ballet Dong Sicheng, membre du groupe sud-coréen NCT (son nom de scène est "Winwin") Huang Doudou, célèbre danseur chinois Huang Xuan, célèbre acteur chinois Victoria Song, actrice, danseuse, mannequin et chanteuse chinoise de K-pop, membre du groupe féminin sud-coréen f(x) Wen Hui, danseuse et chorégraphe chinoise. Luo Yunxi célèbre danseur chinois Zhang Ziyi, célèbre actrice internationale Accès Située dans le district de Haidian, à Pékin, elle se trouve entre l'Université centrale des minorités (Minzu University of China) et la Bibliothèque nationale de Chine. La station de métro la plus proche est Bibliothèque nationale de Chine (国家图书馆), desservie par les lignes 4 et 9 du métro de Pékin. Notes et références Voir aussi Articles connexes Liste des universités en Chine Liste des universités pékinoises Ballet national de Chine Danse en Chine Liens externes Site officiel Ressource relative à la recherche : Classement académique des universités mondiales Portail de Pékin Portail de la danse
ГЕС-ГЕС Pānjiākǒu

ГЕС-ГЕС Pānjiākǒu (潘家口水电站) — гідроакумулювальна електростанція на сході Китаю у провінції Хебей. Знаходячись перед ГЕС Dàhēitīng (21,6 МВт), входить до складу каскаду на річці Луанхе, яка впадає до Бохайської затоки за сотню кілометрів на схід від Тяньцзіня. На початку 1980-х Луанхе перекрили бетонною гравітаційною греблею висотою 108 метрів та довжиною 1039 метрів. Вона утримує водосховище об'ємом 2062 млн м3 (корисний об'єм 1732 млн м3) та припустимим коливанням рівня поверхні в операційному режимі між позначками 180 та 222 метри НРМ (під час повені рівень може зростати до 227 метрів НРМ, а об'єм до 2930 млн м3). Пригреблевий машинний зал обладнали однією турбіною типу Френсіс потужністю 150 МВт, яка отримує живлення через водовід діаметром 7,5 метра. На початку 1990-х комплекс доповнили другою чергою, здатною виконувати функцію гідроакумулювання. Вона складається із трьох оборотних турбін типу Френсіс номінальною потужністю по 90 МВт, котрі живляться через водоводи діаметром по 5,6 метра. Потрібний їм нижній резервуар створили за допомогою зведеної за 5,5 км нижче по течії Луанхе бетонної греблі висотою 29 метрів та довжиною 1098 метрів. Вона утримує сховище з об'ємом 10 млн м3 (корисний об'єм 4,5 млн м3) та припустимим коливанням рівня поверхні в операційному режимі між позначками 139 та 144 метри НРМ (під час повені рівень може зростати до 150 метрів НРМ, а об'єм до 31,7 млн м3). При греблі нижнього резервуара також діє невеликий машинний зал із двома бульбовими турбінами потужністю по 5 МВт. Під час роботи у генераторному режимі турбіни використовують напір від 36 до 85 метрів (номінальний напір 72 метри), тоді як під час закачування вони забезпечують підйом на висоту від 54 до 70 метрів. Проєктний річний виробіток комплексу становить 564 млн кВт·год електроенергії, в тому числі 208 млн кВт·год за рахунок гідроакумулювання. Зв'язок з енергосистемою відбувається по ЛЕП, розрахованій на роботу під напругою 220 кВ. Примітки
Hall of Supreme Harmony

The Hall of Supreme Harmony (Chinese: 太和殿; pinyin: Tài Hé Diàn; Manchu: ᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᡡᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡠᡵᡝ ᡩᡝᠶᡝᠨ; Möllendorff: amba hūwaliyambure deyen) is the largest hall within the Forbidden City in Beijing, China. It is located at its central axis, behind the Gate of Supreme Harmony. Built above three levels of marble stone base, and surrounded by bronze incense burners, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is one of the largest wooden structures within China. It was the location where the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties hosted their enthronement and wedding ceremonies. The name of the Hall was changed several times throughout the past few centuries, from its initial Hall of Venerating Heaven (奉天殿; Fèngtiān Diàn), later to Hall of Imperial Supremacy (皇極殿; Huángjí Diàn) in 1562 and to the current one by the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing dynasty in 1645. Together with the Hall of Central Harmony and Hall of Preserving Harmony, the three halls constitute the heart of the Outer Court of the Forbidden City. The Hall of Supreme Harmony rises some 30 metres (98 ft) above the level of the surrounding square. It is the ceremonial center of imperial power, and the largest surviving wooden structure in China. It is eleven bays wide – with the main room being nine bays wide – and five bays deep, the numbers nine and five being symbolically connected to the majesty of the Emperor. The six pillars nearest the imperial throne are covered with gold, and the entire area is decorated with a dragon motif. The Dragon Throne, in particular, has five dragons coiled around the back and handrests. The screen behind it features sets of nine dragons, again reflecting the "nine-five" symbolism. The Hall of Supreme Harmony features an exquisite throne made of red sandalwood, and formerly used by the emperors of the Qing dynasty. Set into the ceiling directly above the throne is an intricate caisson decorated with a coiled dragon, from the mouth of which issues a chandelier-like set of metal balls, called the "Xuanyuan Mirror", a reference to the Yellow Emperor, a mythological Chinese ruler. According to legend, the metal balls will fall and strike dead any usurper to the throne. In the Ming dynasty, the emperors held court here to discuss affairs of state. During the Qing dynasty, emperors held court far more frequently. As a result, the location was changed to the Inner Court, and the Hall of Supreme Harmony was only used for ceremonial purposes, such as enthronements, investitures, and imperial weddings. The original hall was built in 1421 during the Ming dynasty, destroyed seven times by fires during the Qing dynasty, and rebuilt for the last time in 1695–1697. After a reconstruction in the 16th century, the dimensions of the hall were reduced from around 95 by 48 metres (312 ft × 157 ft) to its present measurements, 65 by 37 metres (213 ft × 121 ft). Inability to find sufficiently large logs was cited as the cause for this change. Gallery See also Hexi Caihua Caihua Yingzao Fashi References External links Media related to Hall of Supreme Harmony at Wikimedia Commons
Salón de la Suprema Armonía

El Salón de la Suprema Armonía (太和 殿) es la sala más grande dentro de la Ciudad Prohibida de Pekín y se sitúa en su centro, justo detrás de las puertas de la Suprema Armonía. Junto con el Salón de la Armonía Central y del Salón de la Preservación de la Armonía, constituye el corazón de la Corte Exterior de la Ciudad Prohibida. El Salón se encuentra en su eje central, detrás de la Puerta de la Armonía Suprema. Está construido sobre tres niveles de base de mármol de piedra y rodeado de incensarios de bronce. Era el lugar donde la dinastía Ming y Qing dinastía del Emperador acogió su entronización y ceremonias de boda. El Salón de la Armonía Suprema se eleva unos 30 metros sobre el nivel de la plaza y los alrededores. Es el centro ceremonial del poder imperial y la mayor estructura de madera que se conserva en China. Son las nueve bahías de ancho y cinco tramos, los números nueve y cinco simbólicamente conectada a la majestad del emperador. Los seis pilares más cercanos al trono imperial están cubiertos de oro y toda la zona está decorada con un motivo de dragón. El Trono Imperial Dragón, en particular, tiene cinco dragones enrollados alrededor de la espalda y apoyamanos. La pantalla detrás de él cuenta con series de nueve dragones, que refleja nuevamente el simbolismo "nueve-cinco". El techo justo encima del trono es un cajón intrincado decorado con un dragón en espiral, desde cuya boca salen una serie de arañas como de bolas de metal. Llamado el "Espejo Xuanyuan", este objeto se remonta a Xuanyuan, el Emperador Amarillo, el legendario gobernante primero de China. En la dinastía Ming, el emperador tenía su corte aquí para discutir asuntos de estado. Durante la dinastía Qing, los emperadores tenían su corte con mucha más frecuencia. Como resultado, la localización se cambió a la Corte Interior y el Salón de la Armonía Suprema fue utilizado solamente para propósitos ceremoniales, como coronaciones, investiduras y las bodas imperiales. El vestíbulo original fue construido por la dinastía Ming en 1406 y fue destruido por los incendios siete veces durante la dinastía Qing, recientemente fue restaurado y reconstruido en 1695-1697. Véase también Ciudad Prohibida
Pawilon Najwyższej Harmonii

Pawilon Najwyższej Harmonii (chiń. 太和殿, Tàihédiàn) – główny, największy budynek Zakazanego Miasta. Znajduje się w jego centrum, na dziedzińcu zewnętrznym, za Bramą Najwyższej Harmonii (Taihemen). Pawilon zajmuje powierzchnię 2377 m². Pokryty jest czterospadową, podwójną konstrukcją dachową wspartą na potężnych kolumnach, które wewnątrz budynku są pozłacane. Wznosi się na trzech wielkich tarasach ziemnych licowanych kamieniem, z balustradami z białego marmuru. Na górę prowadzą trzy pasma schodów, z których środkowe pełni rodzaj podejścia wyłożonego marmurowymi płaskorzeźbami z wyobrażeniami smoków. Drogą tą mogła poruszać się jedynie lektyka z cesarzem. Pawilon został wybudowany w 1420 roku, za panowania cesarza Yongle i przebudowany w 1695 roku przez cesarza Kangxi. Służył jako miejsce cesarskich audiencji, konsultacji i obchodów najważniejszych ceremonii państwowych. W nim odbywały się intronizacje nowych cesarzy, nominacje urzędnicze i audiencje dla zagranicznych poselstw. Cesarz zasiadał na tronie pośrodku sali, otoczony kadzielnicami. Przypisy Bibliografia Wiesław Olszewski: Chiny. Zarys kultury. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2003. ISBN 83-232-1272-4.
Salão da Suprema Harmonia

O Salão da Suprema Harmonia (em chinês: 太和殿, transl. Tài Hé Diàn; em manchu: ᠠᠮᠪᠠ, ᡡᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡠᡵᡝe ᡩᡝᠶᡝᠨ) é o maior salão da Cidade Proibida em Pequim, China. Ele está localizado em seu eixo central, atrás do Portão da Suprema Harmonia. Construído sobre três níveis de base de pedra de mármore e cercado por queimadores de incenso de bronze, o Salão da Suprema Harmonia é uma das maiores estruturas de madeira da China. Foi o local onde os imperadores das dinastias Ming e Qing realizaram suas cerimônias de entronização e casamento. O nome do Salão foi alterado diversas vezes ao longo dos últimos séculos, desde o nome inicial Fengtian Dian (奉天殿), mais tarde para Huangji Dian (皇极殿) em 1562 e para o atual pelo Imperador Shunzhi da dinastia Qing em 1645. Juntamente com o Salão da Harmonia Central e o Salão da Preservação da Harmonia, os três salões constituem o coração do Pátio Externo da Cidade Proibida. O Salão da Suprema Harmonia eleva-se cerca de 30 metros (98 ft) acima do nível da praça ao redor. É o centro cerimonial do poder imperial e a maior estrutura de madeira sobrevivente na China. Tem onze vãos de largura – com a sala principal tendo nove vãos de largura – e cinco vãos de profundidade, sendo os números nove e cinco simbolicamente ligados à majestade do Imperador. Os seis pilares mais próximos do trono imperial são cobertos de ouro, e toda a área é decorada com um motivo de dragão. O Trono do Dragão, em particular, tem cinco dragões enrolados nas costas e apoios para as mãos. A tela atrás dela apresenta conjuntos de nove dragões, refletindo novamente o simbolismo "nove-cinco". O Salão da Suprema Harmonia apresenta um trono requintado feito de sândalo vermelho, usado anteriormente pelos imperadores da dinastia Qing. Instalado no teto, diretamente acima do trono, há um intrincado caixão decorado com um dragão enrolado, de cuja boca sai um conjunto de bolas de metal semelhantes a um lustre, chamado de "Espelho Xuanyuan", uma referência ao Huangdi, um governante mitológico chinês. Segundo a lenda, as bolas de metal cairão e matarão qualquer usurpador do trono. Na dinastia Ming, os imperadores realizavam reuniões aqui para discutir assuntos de estado. Durante a dinastia Qing, os imperadores realizavam cortes com muito mais frequência. Como resultado, o local foi alterado para o Pátio Interno, e o Salão da Suprema Harmonia foi usado apenas para fins cerimoniais, como entronizações, investiduras e casamentos imperiais. O salão original foi construído em 1421 durante a dinastia Ming, destruído sete vezes por incêndios durante a dinastia Qing e reconstruído pela última vez em 1695-1697. Após uma reconstrução no século XVI, as dimensões do salão foram reduzidas de cerca de 95 por 48 metros (312 ft × 157 ft) para suas medidas atuais, 65 por 37 metros (213 ft × 121 ft). A incapacidade de encontrar logs suficientemente grandes foi citada como a causa dessa mudança. Ver também Hexi Caihua Caihua Yingzao Fashi Referências Ligações externas
Sala Armoniei Supreme

Sala Armoniei Supreme (în chineză simplificată: 太和殿; pinyin: Tài Hé Diàn; Möllendorff: amba hūwaliyambure deyen) este cea mai mare sală din Orașul Interzis din Beijing, China. Aceasta este situată pe axa sa centrală, în spatele Porții Armoniei Supreme. Construită pe o bază cu trei niveluri din marmură și înconjurată de arzătoare de tămâie din bronz, Sala Armoniei Supreme este una dintre cele mai mari structuri din lemn din China. Acesta a fost locul unde împărații din dinastiile Ming și Qing găzduiau ceremoniile de întronare și de nuntă. Numele Sălii a fost schimbat de mai multe ori de-a lungul ultimelor secole. Numele original era Fengtian Dian (奉天殿), în 1562 a fost schimbat în Huangji Dian (皇极殿), iar numele actual a fost dat de Împăratul Shunzhi al dinastiei Qing în 1645. Împreună cu Sala Armoniei Centrale și Sala Păstrării Armoniei, cele trei săli constituie inima Curții Exterioare a Orașului Interzis. Sala Armoniei Supreme are aproximativ 30 de metri înălțime față de nivelul pieței dimprejur. Este centrul ceremonial al puterii imperiale și cea mai mare structură din lemn existentă din China. Clădirea are 11 arcade la exterior, camera principală fiind formată din nouă arcade pe cinci arcade, numerele de nouă și cinci fiind simbolic legate de maiestatea Împăratului. Cei șase stâlpi din apropierea tronului imperial sunt acoperiți cu aur, iar întreaga zonă este decorată cu motive cu dragoni. Tronul Dragonului, în special, are cinci dragoni încolăciți pe spatele și brațele tronului. Ecranul din spate ilustrează seturi de nouă dragoni, reflectând din nou simbolismul „nouă-cinci”. Sala Armoniei Supreme dispune de un tron deosebit realizat din lemn de santal roșu, fiind folosit de împărații din dinastia Qing. Amplasat în plafon, direct deasupra tronului, se află un cheson complex decorat cu un dragon încolăcit, din gura căruia iese un set de bile de metal asemănător unui candelabru, denumit „Oglinda Xuanyuan”, o referință la Împăratul Galben, un conducător chinez mitologic. Potrivit legendei, bilele de metal vor cădea și îl vor lovi mortal pe orice uzurpator al tronului. În timpul dinastiei Ming, împărații țineau ședințele de curte în această sală pentru a discuta despre afacerile de stat. În timpul dinastiei Qing, împărații țineau ședințele de curte mult mai frecvent. Ca urmare, locul ședințelor a fost schimbat în Curtea Interioară, iar astfel Sala Armoniei Supreme era folosită doar pentru scopuri ceremoniale, precum întronări, învestituri și nunți imperiale. Sala originală a fost construită în anul 1406, în timpul dinastiei Ming. A fost distrusă de șapte ori în incendii în timpul dinastiei Qing și reconstruită pentru ultima dată în 1695-1697. După o reconstrucție în secolul al XVI-lea, dimensiunile sălii s-au redus de la aproximativ 95 m lungime și 48 m lățime la dimensiunile actuale de 64 m pe 37 m. Motivul invocat pentru această micșorare a fost acela că nu s-au putut găsi bușteni suficient de mari. Note
Ackerbaualtar

Der Ackerbaualtar oder Altar des Ackerbaus (Xiannongtan 先农坛) ist eine historische Stätte im Pekinger Stadtbezirk Xuanwu und befindet sich nahe dem Himmelstempel. Er wurde im 15. Jahrhundert erbaut und wurde während der Ming-Dynastie und Qing-Dynastie vom Kaiser zu Opfern an den Ackergott verwendet, der den Menschen das Pflügen beigebracht haben soll. Der Tempel steht seit 2001 auf der Liste der Denkmäler der Volksrepublik China (5-202). Weblinks Altar of Agriculture (Xiannong tan) - Englisch Temple of Agriculture - Englisch Fußnoten
Temple of Agriculture

Temple of Agriculture (simplified Chinese: 先农坛; traditional Chinese: 先農壇; pinyin: Xiānnóng Tán) or Altar of the God of Agriculture is a historic site in Xicheng District of Beijing, China, and located near the Temple of Heaven. History The Temple of Agriculture was built in the 15th century. It was used by Ming and Qing emperors to perform sacrifices to Xiannong (先农), the mythical Emperor Yandi (c. 2900 BC-2800 BC), who is said to have invented the plow, discovered the medicinal uses of plants, and created the first marketplaces. The temple's Jufu Hall was included in the 1998 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund (WMF) when it was in danger of collapse, and again in 2000 along with the rest of the temple. In 1998, American Express provided funding through WMF for the restoration of the structure. Other structures on the site were subsequently restored, and the work included stabilization, wood treatment, repair and conservation of the tiles, and consolidation and preservation of the painted decoration. Today, the site has the status of Major Site Protected at the National Level of China. In artwork See also Nine Altars and Eight Temples Notes References External links Erling Ho, ICON Magazine, "Rites of Spring: Beijing’s Xiannontang, an imperial altar complex honoring the gods of agriculture, gets a long-overdue facelift," Spring 2004, p. 28-33. Altar of Agriculture (Xiannong tan)
Altaar van de landbouw

Het Altaar van de landbouw of Tempel van de landbouw is een historisch gebouw in Xuanwu district, Peking, China. Het ligt vlak bij Tiantan. Xiannongtan was gebouwd als taoïstische tempel in de vijftiende eeuw. Het werd gebruikt door de Ming en Qing keizer om offers te geven aan de god van de landbouw. Het gebouw heeft de status van Nationaal beschermde belangrijke cultureel erfgoed (全国重点文物保护单位).