Jonê County

Jonê County (also Cone, Chone, Choni; Tibetan: ཅོ་ནེ་རྫོང་།, Wylie: co-ne rdzong, ZWPY: Jonê Zong; local pronunciation: /tɕɔLnɛ/[4]; Chinese: 卓尼县; pinyin: Zhuōní Xiàn) is a county in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, China. Its postal code is 747600. Its area is 4,954 km2 (1,913 sq mi), and its population is over 100,000 people. It is administered from Liulin. Description The county covers both banks of the middle section of the Lu-chu. The country town and adjacent Jonê Monastery are on the north bank. The side valleys on the southern side used to be branches of the ancient kingdom of Jonê. Historical Tibetan Jonê Kingdom Among Tibetan at Amdo, Jonê exist the Jonê Kingdom (Tibetan: ཅོ་ནེ་དཔོན་པོ, Wylie: co-ne-dpon-po, Chinese: 卓尼土司; pinyin: Zhuóní Tǔsī), ruled by the Tibetan Ga clan or Mandarin Chinese Yang (杨) clan, was a Tusi chiefdom kingdom called Zhouni Kingdom, Choni Kingdom, or Jonê Kingdom ruled by the Gatsang (dga' tshang) family at Tibet. In 1404, whereupon they informed the Ming Emperor Yongle of this fact and were recognized as local rulers, and were given a seal of authority and the surname Yang (杨). The Yangs ruled Jonê from 1404 until 1949. List of Kings of Jonê There are list kings of Jonê Kingdom: ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཤིས་བསྡུས། ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བཙན་པོ། ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བཀྲ་ཤིས། ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་དགའ་སྐྱེད། ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་དབང་ཕྱུག named 杨洪; Yáng Hóng ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་དྲིན། named 杨臻; Yáng Zhēn ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་ཚེ་མེས། named 杨葵明; Yáng Kuímíng ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་གོ་ལུང་། named 杨国龙; Yáng Guólóng ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཚེ་དབང་དོན་གྲུབ། named 杨朝梁; Yáng Cháoliáng ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བློ་བཟང་དོན་གྲུབ། named 杨威; Yáng Wēi ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་མང་སྲོལ་མགོན་པོ། named 杨汝松; Yáng Rǔsōng ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་ནོར་བུ། named 杨冲霄; Yáng Chōngxiāo ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསོད་ནམས་ཆོས་འཕེལ། named 杨昭; Yáng Zhāo ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསྟན་སྲུང་ཚེ་རིང་། named 杨声; Yáng Shēng ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསྟན་འཛིན་རིན་ཆེན་ཆོས་སྐྱབས། named 杨宗业; Yáng Zōngyè ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆོས་སྐྱབས་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨宗基; Yáng Zōngjī ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་རིན་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨元; Yáng Yuán ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཚེ་དབང་བསོད་ནམས་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨作霖; Yáng Zuòlín ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བློ་བཟང་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨积庆; Yáng Jīqìng ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་པད་མ་དབང་ཕྱུག named 杨复兴; Yáng Fùxīng History "There are traditions of Tibetan soldiers left behind [after the late 10th century] at several border outposts, such as Jonê, where they established viable settlements, and of the remaining Tibetan conscript troops, called the Wun Mo, carving out considerable territory for themselves until they were perhaps absorbed into that amalgam of people of Tibetan stock, which came to form the Hsi Hsia Kingdom (982—1224)." Jonê was part of a separate kingdom formed, according to legend, after its invasion by warriors who migrated across the mountains from Sichuan conquering the local tribes in 1404. The contemporary descendants of the Jonê royal line claim that their line is Tibetan, and that their ancestors migrated from central Tibet through Sichuan. The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424) named one of these invading warriors hereditary chief (tusi) called Zhouni Tusi (卓尼土司), bestowing the family name of "Yang" ("杨") and an imperial seal upon his line. The Jonê king (co-ne rgyal-po) established a palace on the north bank of the Tao River. The family holding the Yang seal continued to rule over 48 Tibetan clans in Jonê as an autonomous kingdom from the early 15th century for 23 generations, until 1928, when it was placed under the control of the Lanzhou government. In the late Qing Dynasty and Republican Period, many nomadic regions had considerable de facto independence, despite the claims and perspective of the Chinese rulers. Among the six monasteries in the county, all of them Tibetan Geluk establishments, is the great Jonê Monastery. The American botanist Joseph Rock spent almost 2 years in Jonê ("Choni", in his spelling) in 1925–26. He resided in the compound of the local chief (the 19th-generation tusi Yang Jiqing (杨积庆)), making it the base for his exploration of southern Gansu and eastern Qinghai. His account of the culture of this "almost unknown Tibetan principality", as he described it, illustrated with color photographs, was published in the National Geographic. As of 2012, Jonê was apparently closed to foreign visitors. Administrative divisions Jonê County is divided to 11 towns, 3 townships and 1 ethnic township. Climate See also List of administrative divisions of Gansu Footnotes References Cabot, Mabel H. (2003). Vanished Kingdoms: A Woman Explorer in Tibet, China & Mongolia, 1921-1925, pp. 148–157. Aperture Publishers in association with the Peabody Museum, Harvard. ISBN 978-1-931788-18-2. Dorje, Gyurme (2009). Footprint Tibet Handbook. Footprint Publications, Bath, England. ISBN 978-1-906098-32-2. Ekvall, Robert B. (1939). "Cultural Relations on the Kansu-Tibetan Border", University of Chicago. China County & City Population 1999 FAQ