NoeFlandre/osm-polygon-wikidata-only huggingface dataset:
Chaskovo

Chaskovo (bulgariska: Хасково) eller Haskovo är en stad i södra Bulgarien, nära gränsen till Grekland och Turkiet. Staden är administrativt centrum i oblasten Chaskovo. År 1985 firade Chaskovo sitt tusenårsjubileum, och för att markera händelsen restes ett nytt klocktorn i stadens centrum. Historia Arkeologiska utgrävningar ger vid handen att området befolkades för cirka 7000 år sedan. I och omkring Chaskovo har man hittat fynd som bekräftar dess långa historia under forntid, samt under thrakisk, forntida grekisk, romersk och bysantinsk tid. Under 800-talet byggdes en fästning i Chaskovo, som snart kom att byggas ut till en stad. Staden ligger mellan floderna Klokotnitsa, Charmanlijska och Maritsa. År 1395 uppfördes Eski camii ('Gamla moskén'), en av de första moskéerna på Balkanhalvön. År 1782 kallades staden Marsa. Vissa spekulerar att dagens namn kommer från det arabiska ordet har ('att äga', 'att inneha') och turkiska ordet köy ('by'). Flera historiker har teorier om att det turkiska ordet har har sin rot i betydelsen 'göra ren'. Detta argument förstärks ytterligare av att Chaskovo under den bulgariska renässansen bokstavligen kallades "den rena staden". Det turkiska köy ersattes senare med det mer slaviska suffixet -ovo. Störst inflyttning till Chaskovo skedde i början av 1800-talet. Under denna tid var bosättningen ett handelscentra för köpmän från Edirne, Enos och Istanbul, och området vann så småningom anseende för att producera utmärkta bomullstyger, silke och mattor. Efter 1878 blev Chaskovo känt för tillverkning av högkvalitativ tobak, och Bulgariens största fabriker för cigarettillverkning finns fortfarande kvar i staden. Utöver dessa finns idag företag som producerar livsmedel, maskiner och tyger. Viken Haskovo Cove på Greenwich Island (Sydshetlandsöarna, Antarktis) är uppkallad efter staden Chaskovo. Kultur Kulturlivet i staden representeras av Ivan Dimovs dramatiska teater, ett historiskt museum och ett konstmuseum. I den närliggande Kenana-parken hålls en årlig folkmusikfestival. Vänorter Abington, Pennsylvania[källa behövs], USA Novara[källa behövs], Italien Leicester, Storbritannien Galleri Referenser Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, Haskovo, 12 mars 2008. Externa länkar Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Chaskovo. Haskovo Online (engelska) Haskovo.net (bulgariska) Domino.bg – Haskovo (bulgariska) (engelska) Haskovo.info (bulgariska)
Пловдивски зоопарк

Пловдивският зоопарк (официално – Общинско предприятие „Зоопарк – Пловдив") е затворен за реконструкция и разширение през лятото на 2008 г. Преди това е бил една от атракциите за пловдивчани и техните семейства. Зоопаркът се намира в парк „Отдих и култура“ до Гребната база. История Идеята за изграждане на зоопарк в Пловдив датира от 1930-те години, когато пловдивският кмет Божидар Здравков предлага да се формира нов парк с голямо езеро, басейни, зоологическа градина и стадион на източната част на така наречения Царски остров на запад от жп линията Централна гара Пловдив – Филипово. Зоопаркът се формира първоначално като зоокът в парк „Отдих и култура“ в края на 1960-те и началото на 1970-те. Площта му достига до 10 дка при реконструкция на парка и гребната база през 1980-те години. През лятото на 2008 г. зоокътът в Пловдив е затворен, поради невъзможността да покрие минималните критерии за добиване на лиценз. Животните са преместени в други зоопаркове или резервати. Скоро след това е създаден идеен проект за реконструкция и разширение на зоопарка на площ 40 дка. Срещу разширението на парка се съпротивяват еко защитници, с което и с процедурни нарушения от страна на общинското управление се забавя изграждането на парка вече 15 години. Не се предвижда паркът да заработи към 2026 г. Оформление На територия от 40 дка се предвиждат хабитати за 22 различни видове животни. Всички хабитати ще са със зелени и водни площи. Загражденията ще са от естествени материали – съборени дървета, дънери, скални масиви от естествен и изкуствен камък и др. Предвидени са също хранилки, поилки, хралупи, навеси и помещения за защита при неблагоприятни климатични условия. Около 3000 кв. м с изкуствено езеро са предвидени за хабитата на мечките, а хабитатът за вълци ще нарасне от 9 на 900 кв. м. Сред останалите животински видове, които се очакват, са азиатски видри, диви свине, рисове, камили, лами, патагонска мара и др. Някои видове като бизоните и бронзовите пуйки ще обитават един хабитат. Вдясно от входа се предвижда аквариум с размери 22 на 10 метра за морски риби. Източници
Plovdiv Zoo

Plovdiv Zoo (Bulgarian: Пловдивска зоологическа градина) is a zoo located in Bulgaria's second largest city, Plovdiv. The zoo in has been closed to the public since July 24, 2008, as it does not meet the requirements for housing and keeping of wild animals. As of 2015 there is a project to reopen the zoo. The new zoo will be situated at the terrain of the previous one but its area will be expanded from 1 to 4 hectares. Notes
Stara Zagora Zoo

Stara Zagora Zoo is a zoo located in Ayazmoto Park in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. Zoo Stara Zagora was established on April 26, 1957, and is situated in area in the park called "Holy Spring". It occupies an area of 70 acres. History The Zoo got its start in 1956, when a labor division from the city caught a fallow deer, which had escaped from Ormana, a forested area near Yambol. The division subsequently donated the deer to the then department of Gardens and Parks, after which the City's People's Council made the decision to begin the creation of the zoo. After that, on March 24, 1957, a pair of baby bears were captured by two hunters in the Shipchenska Mountain and donated. They are often cited as being the first animals in the zoo. The Stara Zagora zoo was formally established the next month, on April 26, 1957, becoming the second zoological garden in the country, after the Sofia Zoo. The initial enclosure from the 1950s, which was a fenced area of about 4 hectares, was located about half a kilometer to the east of the current zoo, where currently there are several badminton courts. The current, much larger zoological garden, was devised and agreed upon by the municipality on 13 June, 1961. However, construction efforts did not start until 1965. During the late 60s and 70s, habitats for bears, lions, monkeys and other animals were constructed. By 1978, the infrastructure needed by the zoo was largely in place. Notes External links Official website (In Bulgarian)
Villa Armira

Villa Armira (Bulgarian: Вила “Армира”), is a 1st-century suburban Roman villa in southeastern Bulgaria, located in the proximity of Ivaylovgrad, Haskovo Province. Discovered in 1964 during reservoir construction, it is a primary historical attraction to the Ivaylovgrad area. It is classified as a monument of culture of national importance. Villa Armira lies some 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest of Ivaylovgrad. It was named after the Armira River, a minor tributary of the Arda. It is a sumptuous palace villa and one of the largest and most richly decorated ancient Roman villas excavated in Bulgaria. History The villa dates to the second half of the 1st century AD and originally belonged to a noble of Roman Thrace who is thought to have been the governor of the surrounding area. It is thought to have been destroyed in the late 4th century, possibly by the Goths some time around the Battle of Adrianople of 378. According to some scholars, Armira might be the villa in which the emperor Valens, wounded in the battle, had sought refuge. Features Villa Armira features many examples of the Roman tradition in designing and organizing villas. Architecture of the Villa Villa Armira is composed of two floors, and it contains the typical rooms that other Roman villas would have. The two-storey U-shaped villa spreads over 3,600 square metres (39,000 sq ft) amidst a garden, with an impluvium in the middle. Villa Armira had 22 separate rooms on the ground floor alone in addition to a panoramic terrace. It was expanded eastward in the 3rd century AD with a triclinium and a hypocaust.A part of the villa also includes an underfloor heating system, built for heating the inside of the building's rooms. Decorations The walls of the entire ground floor were covered in elaborately decorated white marble. The villa's complex floor mosaics display geometric designs and depictions of animals and plants. It is thought that masters of sculptures from the city Aphrodisias, a city that was known for its school of sculpture and skillful craftsmen, were sent to work there. The mosaics in the master's chamber depict the 2nd century AD owner with his two children: these are the only Roman-era mosaic portraits to be discovered in Bulgaria. A common theme in the villa's decoration is the gorgon Medusa. Today the 2nd-century mosaic portraits of the owner and his children can be seen in the National Historical Museum in Sofia, the ceramic finds are exhibited in the National Archaeological Museum, while copies of the marble decoration are part of the Kardzhali Regional Historical Museum's fund. The villa itself, with many of the floor mosaics intact, underwent Phare-funded reconstruction and anastylosis and was opened for visitors in 2008. Gallery References
Villa Armira

La villa Armira (en bulgare : Вила Армира) est une villa romaine parmi les plus remarquables de l'ancienne Thrace romaine. Elle est implantée à proximité de la ville d'Ivaïlovgrad, dans le sud de la Bulgarie. La découverte La villa a été découverte, par hasard, en 1964, lors de la construction du barrage d’Ivaïlovgrad (Bulgarie). Elle est localisée à 1,5 km du quartier de Ladja (ville d'Ivaïlovgrad). Le nom « villa Armira » lui fut attribué par référence au nom de la rivière près de laquelle elle se trouve. Histoire La villa a été construite dans la seconde moitié du Ier siècle, soit peu après la transformation de la Thrace en province romaine. Au début du IIe siècle est construit un atelier destiné au travail artistique du marbre blanc débité dans les environs ; des maîtres-tailleurs sont invités de la ville d'Aphrodisia (Asie-Mineure), connue à l'époque romaine pour son école de sculpture. Au fil du temps, la villa devient trop petite pour ses occupants. Des travaux d'élargissement sont effectués, vers l'est, au début du IIIe siècle. Une grande (11,70 × 10,90 m.) salle de réception (triclinium) est construite ainsi que des espaces annexes qui la desservent. Ceci a pour effet de transformer le bâtiment en villa-palais. Elle a été pillée et incendiée, probablement, juste après la bataille d'Andrinople (378), lors de la seconde guerre des Romains contre les Goths. Les archéologues ont trouvé des traces d'habitation temporaire après la destruction de la villa. Présentation Le complexe de 2 200 m2 comporte des bâtiments d’habitation et d’exploitation. Les bâtiments d’habitation, richement décorés et dans un état de conservation remarquable, y occupent 978 m2 et comprennent une grande cour intérieure entourée d’une galerie à colonnes couverte (péristyle) et un impluvium en son centre. Des mosaïques présentant des motifs géométriques et figuratifs, très bien conservées, ont été découvertes sur le site, ainsi que de nombreux objets en céramique. Près de la villa Armira - sur le territoire du village de Sviratchi - se trouve un tumulus romain, haut de 16 mètres, probablement utilisé au début du règne de Trajan. Galerie Voir aussi Liens internes Ville de Ivaïlovgrad Thrace romaine Liens externes Références Portail de l’archéologie Portail de la Rome antique Portail de la Bulgarie
Villa Armira

Villa Armira è una villa romana situata a Ivajlovgrad, nel distretto di Haskovo, in Bulgaria meridionale, presso il confine con la Grecia. La villa prende il nome dal vicino fiume Armira, che scorre lungo le pendici orientali dei monti Rodopi. I suoi resti furono scavati nel 1964, riportando alla luce alcune strutture destinate alla produzione agricola e altre di tipo residenziale, estese su un'area di quasi due chilometri. Storia Il complesso fu edificato da un membro dell'aristocrazia trace nella seconda metà del I secolo, e in età adrianea fu arricchito con alcune decorazioni marmoree. Durante il regno di Antonino Pio venne ampliato con diversi ambienti di rappresentanza, ossia un triclinio sul lato orientale. La villa continuò ad essere utilizzata fino al terzo quarto del IV secolo, e fu probabilmente distrutta in seguito alle devastazioni dell'esercito goto dopo la vittoria sull'imperatore Valente nella battaglia di Adrianopoli. Si è anche ipotizzato che potesse trattarsi proprio della villa nella quale, secondo le fonti, l'imperatore ferito si sarebbe rifugiato dopo la battaglia, e che in seguito venne incendiata dai Goti. Villa Il settore residenziale si articola intorno ad un vasto peristilio porticato su tre lati con vasca centrale, sul quale si aprono su due piani gli ambienti, alcuni dotati di ipocausto e con mosaici e pitture parietali; il mosaico della camera da letto principale reca una raffigurazione del proprietario con i due figli. Elementi della decorazione della villa sono conservati presso il Museo Archeologico di Sofia (Arheologiceski Muzej): il marmo bianco utilizzato venne cavato nelle vicinanze del sito e furono chiamati per la realizzazione artigiani provenienti da Afrodisia. Bibliografia Gergana Kabakchieva, The big Mound and Ancient Villa Armira (PDF) (archiviato dall'url originale il 19 agosto 2016), Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy (Eds. Kostov, Gaydarska, Gurova). 2008. Proc. of the Int. Conf. Oct. 2008 Sofia, Publishing House “St. Ivan Rilsky" Gergana Kabakchieva, The Big Mound of the Family Necropolis of the Ancient Villa Armira (PDF), Άλογα και άμαξες στον αρχαίο κόσμο / Horses and Wagons in the Ancient World, Proc. Sci. Meet. Orestiada, Greece Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Villa Armira Collegamenti esterni (EN) Villa Armira sul sito Cultural Corridors of South East Europe, su seecorridors.eu.
Централен военен клуб

Централният военен клуб е многофункционална сграда в центъра на София. Разположен е на кръстовището на 2 основни пътя в София – бул. „Цар Освободител“ и ул. „Георги Раковски“. Той е сред културните „икони“ на София, в него се провеждат много събития като концерти, изложби, събрания, театрални постановки, церемонии. История Строежът на клуба е започнал през 1895 г. на земя, закупена за 180 000 златни лева. Замислена и градена по проект на чешкия архитект Антонин Колар в стил неоренесанс, сградата е завършена цялостно от българския архитект Никола Лазаров през 1907 година. През годините е носил имената Офицерски клуб, Военен клуб, Централен дом на войската, Централен дом на народната войска, Централен дом на народната армия (ЦДНА). ЦДНА се е използвало и като абревиатура за спортния клуб към Дома на армията, днес ЦСКА (София), и в частност футболното поделение. Архитектура Сградата е представител на следосвобожденската архитектура. Има 3 етажа, които са с разпределение, характерно за клубните сгради от края на XIX век. Централно място заема концертната зала, богато украсена с архитектурни елементи в стил барок. Дейност Концертната зала в клуба има 450 седящи места. На нейната сцена са гастролирали прочути певци, артисти и музиканти: Фьодор Шаляпин, Христина Морфова, Николай Гяуров, Кръстьо Сарафов, Адриана Будевска и др. Към Клуба работи Централна армейска библиотека с над 120 хил. тома. В ателиетата му са работили майстори като Ярослав Вешин и Владимир Димитров - Майстора, а в салоните му са гостували със свои изложби Димитър Гюдженов, Борис Денев, Васил Стоилов. Към военния клуб са се развивали спортните клубове Офицерски спортен клуб, Атлетик-Слава `23, ЦДВ, ЦСКА (София). От 21 април до 12 май 2010 г. клубът е домакин на мача за световната титла по шахмат между световния шампион Вишванатан Ананд (Индия) и претендента Веселин Топалов. Галерия Външни препратки Исторически фотографии на Военния клуб Информация за ЦВК Архив на оригинала от 2007-06-30 в Wayback Machine.
Ústřední vojenský klub

Ústřední vojenský klub (Централен военен клуб) je multifunkční budova nacházející se na ulici „Bulevar cara Osvoboditele“ v centru města Sofie v západním Bulharsku. Historie a charakteristika Základní kámen budovy navržené architektem českého původu Václavem Kolářem (v Bulharsku známým také jako Antonin Kolar nebo Antonin Vaclav Kolar) v novorenesančním stylu byl položen v roce 1895 a budova byla dokončena roku 1907 pod vedením bulharského architekta Nikoly Lazarova. Samotná budova je typickou ukázkou vývoje architektury v závěru 19. století. Má tři patra a rozložení místností je typické pro evropské klubové budovy, které vznikaly na konci 19. století. V budově sídlily po osvobození první bulharské divadelní spolky a místní ateliéry využívalo množství umělců. V budově se nachází množství salonů, koncertní síň, výstavní síně, kavárna a je také sídlem Ústřední vojenské knihovny s více než 120 000 tituly. Má statut kulturní památky národního významu. Odkazy Reference V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Centrálny vojenský klub na slovenské Wikipedii. Externí odkazy Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Ústřední vojenský klub na Wikimedia Commons
Central Military Club

The Central Military Club (Bulgarian: Централен военен клуб, Tsentralen voenen klub) is a multi-purpose monument of culture building in the centre of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, located on Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard and Georgi Rakovski Street. It serves the Bulgarian Army and is administered by the Executive Agency of Military Clubs and Information. The 2010 world chess championship match between Viswanathan Anand of India and Vesselin Topalov of Bulgaria was held in this building that was won by Viswanathan Anand. The foundation stone of the edifice was laid in 1895. The Military Club was designed by Czech architect Antonín Kolář in the Neo-Renaissance style and finished by Bulgarian architect Nikola Lazarov in 1907. The lot and the funding was provided by the Sofia Officers' Assembly. A stone from the battlefield at Slivnitsa from the Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885-1886) was laid in the foundations. The building has three stories and features a coffeehouse, an art gallery, a number of refined halls varying in size, as well as an imposing concert hall with 450 seats. Due to all this, the Central Military Club has always been an important cultural centre of the capital, once exhibiting works by Ivan Mrkvička, Vladimir Dimitrov, Jaroslav Věšín and providing these noted artists with studios. The concert hall has also seen performances by actors and opera singers like Krastyu Sarafov, Nicolai Ghiaurov, Feodor Chaliapin, Boris Christoff, and bands like Ladytron etc. Gallery References
Club militaire central (Sofia)

Le Club militaire central (en bulgare : Централен военен клуб / Central Woenen Klub) est un bâtiment de trois étages dans la capitale bulgare Sofia. Le bâtiment est conçu dans le style néo-renaissance. Histoire La construction a commencé en 1883 par Adolf Kolar et s'est achevée en 1903 par Friedrich Grünanger . La première pierre du bâtiment a été posée en 1895. Le club militaire a été conçu par l'architecte tchèque Antonín Kolář et achevé par son collègue bulgare Nikola Lasarow en 1907. En mémoire de la guerre serbo-bulgare (1885-1886), une pierre du champ de bataille de Slivnitsa a été placée dans la fondation. Usages Le bâtiment servait de salle de bal à la classe supérieure bulgare et à la famille royale avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La salle de concert peut désormais accueillir 450 spectateurs. Après une rénovation dans le cadre d'un projet d'embellissement de la ville, le bâtiment est utilisé comme centre culturel et théâtre, et des expositions d'art sont également organisées. L'ancienne salle de bal, aujourd'hui salle de concert, est souvent réservée par des organisateurs privés . La Bibliothèque militaire centrale, qui compte plus de 120 000 volumes, est également située dans le bâtiment. En 2008, un important tournoi d'échecs, le M-Tel Masters, a eu lieu ici . En avril et mai 2010, le Club militaire central a accueilli le championnat du monde d'échecs entre le champion du monde Viswanathan Anand et son challenger bulgare Veselin Topalov. Références Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme Portail de la Bulgarie
Sofia Central Mineral Baths

The Central Mineral Baths (Централна минерална баня, Tsentralna mineralna banya) is a landmark in the city center of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, a city known for the mineral springs in the area. It was built in the early 20th century near the former Turkish bath (then destroyed) and was used as the city's public baths until 1986. History Public baths have existed in Sofia since at least the 16th century. During the visit of Bohemian traveler Hans Dernschwam to Sofia in 1553–1555, Derschwam noted the presence of 1 large bath and 2 smaller baths on either side of the city. Dernschwam described the baths as follows: The baths are located on the square; there is a big quadrangular building in front by the entrance, with a round Greek-style dome on top, like the Pantheon in Rome. It is richly covered in white marble … The big water conduits that lead the water into the baths are made of potter's clay. Each tube is approximately one Viennese cubit long and the separate tubes go through each other. They are plastered up like I have seen in Siebenbürgen (Transylvania) too, in old buildings in Thorenburg (Turda). The current Central Mineral Baths building was designed in the Vienna Secession style, but integrating typically Bulgarian, Byzantine and Eastern Orthodox ornamental elements, by the architects Petko Momchilov and Friedrich Grünanger in 1904–1905 and approved on 30 January 1906, as projects by an Austrian (in 1889) and a French architect (in 1901) were declined. The raw construction was finished in 1908 and a Bulgarian company constructed the complex roof and the mineral water conduit. The baths opened on 13 May 1913, but the building was completely finished after 2 more years and a garden was arranged in front of the baths. Artists Haralampi Tachev and St. Dimitrov designed the building's ceramic majolica decoration. The north wing was damaged during the bombing of Sofia in World War II, but was restored several years later. Closing The baths continued to work as public baths until 1986, when the building was closed due to its bad condition and the possible collapse of the roof. It was subsequently partially reconstructed and thoroughly cleaned, and has accommodated the Sofia Historical Museum since September 2015. References Further reading Gechev, Ivan (2000-08-31). "We're opening the first exhibition of the Museum of Sofia in two years" (in Bulgarian). Demokratsiya. Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2006-08-30. Kiradzhiev, Svetlin (2006). Sofia 125 Years Capital 1879-2004 Chronicle (in Bulgarian). Sofia: IK Gutenberg. pp. 97, 103. ISBN 954-617-011-9. Stoilova, Ljubinka; Iokimov, Petar. "The Sofia's mineral baths", In: Arhitektura (Architecture), journal of the Union of Architects in Bulgaria, 1998/No.6, pp. 42–45" (in Bulgarian). Museum of Sofia: http://www.sofiahistorymuseum.bg/en/home