MuseumsQuartier

The MuseumsQuartier Wien (MQ) is an arts and culture complex in the 7th district of Vienna, Austria. Opened in 2001 on the site of the former imperial court stables, it combines historic Baroque buildings with contemporary museum architecture. With 114,310 square metres of space, 61 cultural institutions and around five million visitors annually, it is one of the largest arts and culture complexes in Europe. The complex houses major museums such as the Leopold Museum and MUMOK, exhibition spaces including the Kunsthalle Wien, institutions for dance, architecture and children's culture, artist studios, cultural initiatives, restaurants, cafés and public courtyards used for events and festivals. In addition to its museum functions, the MuseumsQuartier serves as a production site for contemporary culture and as a prominent public meeting place in central Vienna. Scholars Simon Roodhouse and Monika Mokre have described the MuseumsQuartier as an Austrian cultural-policy experiment, combining museum functions, cultural production, public space and urban redevelopment within a single institutional and architectural framework. History The MuseumsQuartier occupies the site of the former imperial court stables. The complex once housed up to 600 horses and 200 carriages. The former stable buildings were later used for trade fairs and exhibitions before being redeveloped as a cultural complex. Plans to transform the area into a large cultural district were debated for many years before the final project was realized. The process involved competing expectations about whether the site should primarily serve major museums, public space, independent cultural production, urban redevelopment or a broader cultural-policy agenda. The renovation of the former court stables began in April 1998. The MuseumsQuartier opened in stages in June and September 2001. The redevelopment was criticized by parts of Vienna's independent arts and media scene. One prominent dispute concerned Public Netbase, an internet culture and media-art initiative that had operated at the former Messepalast site before the redevelopment and did not return to the MuseumsQuartier after the renovation. Architecture and layout The MuseumsQuartier combines the Baroque architecture of the former imperial stables with contemporary museum buildings. The contrast between the historic enclosure and the modern volumes of the Leopold Museum and MUMOK is a defining feature of the complex. The architectural redevelopment was designed by Laurids and Manfred Ortner of Ortner & Ortner Baukunst. The new buildings were inserted into the large former stable complex, creating a sequence of courtyards, passages and cultural venues rather than a single museum building. Architectural writing on the MuseumsQuartier has emphasized the tension between preservation, monumental museum architecture and the creation of a publicly accessible urban interior. The central courtyards function as public urban spaces and are accessible without admission. The grounds include indoor and outdoor exhibition areas, performance spaces, museum buildings, cultural offices, studios, restaurants and cafés. This combination of museums, cultural offices, event spaces and informal public areas has been central to the MuseumsQuartier's identity as both a cultural complex and an urban meeting place. Management and programming The development of the MuseumsQuartier has been closely associated with the priorities of its successive managing directors. Wolfgang Waldner was director of the MuseumsQuartier from 1999 to 2011 and oversaw the opening and early consolidation of the cultural complex. After Waldner left for a position in the Austrian federal government, Daniela Enzi served as interim managing director in 2011. Christian Strasser was appointed later that year and remained managing director until the end of 2021. His tenure was associated with the further development of the MQ as a public urban space and with the realization of the MQ Libelle, a rooftop terrace and event space on the Leopold Museum that opened in 2020. Bettina Leidl, previously director of Kunst Haus Wien, became managing director of the MuseumsQuartier on 14 February 2022. She described her appointment as an opportunity to sharpen the positioning of the complex and emphasized sustainability, digitalization and the further development of the MQ as a discursive public space. Under Leidl, the MQ launched the programme "MQ goes Green", which aims to make the area climate-neutral by 2030 and to green the heavily paved courtyards. Leidl's tenure also involved a reorganisation and rebranding of several programme and event spaces. The former frei_raum Q21 exhibition space, which had been presented as a free-entry venue for socially critical group exhibitions developed with international curators, artists and Q21 Artists-in-Residence, was repositioned as MQ Freiraum, the MuseumsQuartier's exhibition space for contemporary art with a focus on socio-political and sustainability-related themes. Raum D, formerly associated with quartier21 and independent digital-culture initiatives, has also been described by the MQ as a flexible event and discourse space for lectures, workshops and smaller events. The MQ Artists-in-Residence programme continued under the new structure, offering around 60 international artists per year the possibility to live and work at the MuseumsQuartier. These changes have been discussed in the context of a broader debate about the role of the MQ operating company. Shortly before Leidl's appointment, Leopold Museum director Hans-Peter Wipplinger criticised the management priorities of the MQ, arguing that the major institutions expected better maintenance and infrastructural support rather than additional event programming. Cultural life Beyond its museum buildings, the MuseumsQuartier functions as a production site, public space and venue for contemporary cultural programming. Its courtyards are freely accessible and are used for outdoor events, performances, concerts, talks, screenings, seasonal programmes and informal public gathering. The movable outdoor furniture, especially the Enzis, has become closely associated with the everyday use of the site as an urban meeting place. The complex combines large exhibition institutions with smaller cultural initiatives, offices, studios and project spaces. Q21, located in the historic buildings of the MuseumsQuartier, provides workspaces for cultural organizations and hosts initiatives in fields such as media art, digital culture, design, film, literature, theory and contemporary art. It also operates exhibition and project spaces, including frei_raum Q21, which presents socio-political and socio-critical exhibition projects and discursive formats. The MuseumsQuartier is also integrated into Vienna's festival and event infrastructure. Programmes and festivals associated with the site include contemporary dance, film, architecture, children's culture, public art, talks and temporary exhibitions. The coexistence of major museums, independent cultural organizations, artist residencies, restaurants, cafés and open courtyards has made the MQ both a cultural complex and a social space in central Vienna. Institutions and cultural tenants The MuseumsQuartier brings together museums, exhibition halls, performance venues, children's culture, architecture, artist studios and cultural initiatives. Major institutions at the MuseumsQuartier include: MUMOK Leopold Museum Kunsthalle Wien Architekturzentrum Wien Tanzquartier Wien ZOOM Kindermuseum DSCHUNGEL WIEN WIENXTRA-Kinderinfo Q21 / MQ cultural initiatives Q21 provides workspaces and presentation contexts for smaller cultural organizations and initiatives. Its tenants include groups and platforms active in media art, digital culture, film, design, literature, theory and contemporary art. Among them are monochrom, which has been based at the MuseumsQuartier since 2002 and is one of Q21's longest-standing members, and eSeL. Together with the artist-in-residence programme, these cultural tenants contribute to the MuseumsQuartier's function as a site of cultural production as well as exhibition. Artist-in-residence programme The MQ Artists-in-Residence programme invites approximately 60 international artists each year to live and work at the MuseumsQuartier. The programme supports exchange between international artists and Vienna's local art and cultural scene. Events and public use The MuseumsQuartier is used for exhibitions, performances, festivals, public discussions, film events, concerts and seasonal outdoor programming. Its courtyards are also used as public meeting places and are open around the clock. Festivals and events associated with the complex have included the Wiener Festwochen, the Viennale, ImPulsTanz Vienna International Dance Festival and other cultural programmes. The mixture of large museums, temporary programmes, smaller initiatives and outdoor use has been discussed as part of the MuseumsQuartier's broader role in Vienna's cultural infrastructure. Accessibility The MuseumsQuartier states that all entrances to the complex are wheelchair accessible, either step-free or accessible by elevators. The complex also provides accessible restrooms, disabled parking spaces and wheelchair rental at MQ Point. Following its opening, the MuseumsQuartier was criticized for shortcomings in barrier-free access. Disability-rights reporting drew attention to the need for improvements, and by 2002 measures were announced and implemented to improve accessibility across the complex. Reception and criticism The MuseumsQuartier has been discussed both as a major cultural investment and as a contested urban and cultural-policy project. Roodhouse and Mokre characterized it as an experiment in Austrian cultural policy, combining museum administration, heritage redevelopment, public space and contemporary cultural production. Monika Mokre also argued that the long planning process reflected unresolved questions about what the MuseumsQuartier was meant to be: a museum district, a public cultural forum, a commercialized urban space, or a platform for independent cultural work. The redevelopment was criticized by parts of Vienna's independent arts and media scene. One prominent dispute concerned Public Netbase, an internet culture and media-art initiative that had operated at the former Messepalast site before the redevelopment and did not return to the MuseumsQuartier after the renovation. The conflict over Public Netbase has also been documented in later accounts of European net culture and the politics of media-art institutions. Architectural reception focused on the relationship between the historic stable complex and the new museum buildings by Ortner & Ortner. Contemporary architectural commentary noted the ambition of inserting large contemporary cultural buildings into the former imperial enclosure while preserving the overall urban frame of the site. Critics have framed the Leidl period as a shift from the more decentralised Q21-era model toward a more centrally branded, sustainability- and discourse-oriented MQ programme, raising questions about whether spaces such as Raum D, MQ Freiraum and the Artists-in-Residence programme still function primarily as open infrastructure for independent cultural production or increasingly as instruments of the MQ's institutional self-positioning. Gallery Bibliography Van Uffelen, Chris. Contemporary Museums: Architecture, History, Collections. Braun Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-3-03768-067-4, pp. 162–163. Boeckl, Matthias, ed. MuseumsQuartier Wien: Die Architektur / The Architecture. Springer, Vienna and New York, 2001, ISBN 978-3-211-83641-5. Apprich, Clemens; Stalder, Felix, eds. Vergessene Zukunft: Radikale Netzkulturen in Europa. transcript, Bielefeld, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8376-1906-5. References External links Official website MuseumsQuartier on Ortner & Ortner Baukunst