Darién National Park

The Darien National Park is the largest national park in Panama and one of the most extensive in Central America, known for its incredible biodiversity and remoteness. Located in the eastern province of Darien, it has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Biosphere Reserve. == Understand == Darien National Park was established in 1980 and covers approximately 5,750 km². It includes a wide variety of ecosystems, such as tropical rainforests, mangroves, beaches, and mountain ranges. The park’s remote location has helped preserve its natural richness and cultural heritage. The region is home to indigenous communities such as the Emberá and Wounaan, who have maintained their traditions, language, and connection to the environment. The park is also part of the Darién Gap, a dense jungle that acts as a natural break in the Pan-American Highway between Panama and Colombia. === History === For thousands of years, the Darién region has been inhabited by indigenous peoples who adapted to the rainforest environment. During the colonial era, the area was the site of several failed European settlements due to its harsh conditions and resistance from local inhabitants. In the 20th century, the ecological and cultural value of Darién led to its designation as a protected area. === Landscape === === Ecosystem === The park hosts one of the highest levels of biodiversity in Central America, with species from both North and South America. === Flora and Fauna === The dominant vegetation is tropical rainforest, with trees over 40 meters tall. Notable plant life includes: Ceiba and cuipo trees, and mountain almond in lower elevations. Oaks and Caribbean pine in higher regions of the Darién Mountains. Palms, giant ferns, wild orchids, and epiphytes covering the forest canopy. Over 169 species of mammals, 600 species of birds, 99 reptiles, and numerous amphibians and insects have been recorded. Key species include: Jaguar, Central American tapir, howler monkey, puma, white-lipped peccary. Harpy eagle (Panama’s national bird), scarlet macaws, toucans, hummingbirds. Boa constrictor, green iguana, spectacled caiman, poison dart frog. Various butterflies, beetles, and tropical insects. The park serves as a refuge for endangered species and a vital biological corridor between the two continents. === Climate === Darien has a humid tropical climate with high rainfall most of the year. Temperatures range from 26°C to 30°C, and humidity is typically above 85%. Dry season: December to April – best time to visit due to better accessibility. Rainy season: May to November – heavy rainfall can increase river levels and make travel difficult. Recommended gear includes lightweight, long-sleeved clothing, waterproof gear, sturdy shoes, and moisture protection. == Get in == Reaching the park is challenging, which has helped protect its ecosystem. Options include: By road: Drive from Panama City to 1 Yaviza , the end of the northern part of the Pan-American Highway (6–8 hours). By air: Flights to 2 El Real or 3 La Palma. From these towns, continue by river transport (canoe or boat) with local guides. == Fees and permits == Nationals and resident foreigners: B/. 4.00 Non-resident adults: B/. 7.00 Seniors and pensioners (nationals and residents): B/. 2.00 Children under 12: Free Entry requires a certified guide and a permit from MiAMBIENTE, requested at least 72 hours in advance. Carry out all trash – no waste collection inside. Respect wildlife – no feeding, hunting, or disturbing animals. Do not remove plants or natural objects. Fires are prohibited unless authorized. Travel consciously – help protect this fragile ecosystem. == Get around == There are no roads inside the park. Transport is primarily by: Canoe along the Tuira, Balsas, or Sambú rivers. Hiking on rustic trails maintained by indigenous communities or park rangers. A certified guide is essential for safe navigation. == See == Untouched rainforest: One of the largest in Central America. Wildlife: Jaguars, tapirs, harpy eagles, and more. Indigenous villages: Cultural visits to Emberá and Wounaan communities. Darién Mountains: Peaks like 1 Cerro Tacarcuna (1,875 m). Mangroves and coastal ecosystems. == Do == Hiking: Guided jungle treks to viewpoints. Birdwatching: Over 600 bird species recorded. Cultural ecotourism: Learn traditional medicine, crafts, and dances. Artisanal fishing: Supervised by locals. == Buy == There are no shops inside the park, but in nearby communities you may find: Indigenous crafts: baskets, wood carvings, traditional textiles. Natural products: honey, medicinal plants, local fruits. == Eat and drink == Food options are limited. Bring non-perishable supplies. Some local agencies or communities offer: Traditional Emberá meals: Boiled plantain, roasted fish, tropical fruits. Local coffee or cocoa. == Sleep == Accommodations are rustic: Campsites organized by tour operators. Community houses in indigenous villages. Scientific research stations (with prior permission). Bring a flashlight and sleeping bag. == Stay safe == Avoid areas near the Colombian border due to security concerns. Stay up to date on vaccinations (yellow fever, tetanus, etc.). Beware of wildlife, extreme humidity, and river currents. Carry a complete first aid kit and insect repellent. Use only purified or treated water. There are no medical centers inside the park – plan accordingly. == Go next == Los Katios National Park – Located in Colombia, this protected area borders Darién National Park and shares similar ecosystems. Although it forms part of the same biogeographical region, crossing between the two parks is not permitted and is not recommended due to safety concerns in the border area.