Bristol Channel

The Bristol Channel is a tidal estuary in the United Kingdom. It separates South Wales from the West Country. Several seaside towns line its shores, including Tenby, Porthcawl, Barry, Burnham-on-Sea, Minehead and Ilfracombe. Wales's capital city Cardiff lies where the Bristol Channel meets the Mouth of the Severn. == Regions == == Cities == 1 Bristol (visitor moorings available at the City Docks and Portishead Marina). 2 Cardiff (visitor moorings available at Cardiff Bay and Penarth Marina). 3 Newport (visitor moorings available at Newport & Uskmouth Sailing Club). 4 Swansea (visitor moorings available at Swansea Marina). == Towns and villages == 5 Barry 6 Milford Haven 7 Ilfracombe 8 Minehead 9 Padstow 10 Bideford 11 Portishead 12 Watchet == Other destinations == Caldy Island Steepholm Flatholm 1 Lundy == Understand == The Bristol Channel is a major inlet which separates South Wales from Devon and Somerset in England. The Atlantic Ocean lies to its west. It is fed by the Severn Estuary to the east. The Bristol Channel's Welsh name is Môr Hafren or "Severn Sea". The Bristol Channel has one of the largest tidal ranges in the world, which can reach up to 15m in places. One of its most famous features is the Severn Bore, a rising tide which pushes along the Bristol Channel and up the River Severn. Its waves increase in height as the tide's leading edge moves along the narrowing body of water. In March 2006, Steve King set the record for the longest surfing ride on a river bore after he rode the Severn Bore for 7.6 mi (12.2 km). The record is now held by James Cotton, who rode the Bono tidal bore on the Kampar River, Indonesia, for 10.6 mi (17.1 km). Several swimmers have crossed the Bristol Channel. Fergal Somerville holds the record for the fastest crossing between Ilfracombe and Swansea, a 25 mi (40 km) route, which he completed in 15h35. Many Bristol Channel beaches are popular with surfers and watersports enthusiasts year-round. These include Manorbier and Tenby in Pembrokeshire, Llangennith in The Gower, Rest Bay near Porthcawl, Ogmore-by-Sea and Southerndown in the Vale of Glamorgan, and Lynmouth in Devon. The three mile-long sandy beach at Rhossili in The Gower is popular with kitesurfers, with swimming spots along the coast. High cliffs on both the Welsh and English coastlines make for panoramic views from footpaths. Several seaside towns have funfairs, including Barry Island and Porthcawl's Coney Beach. Penarth and Weston-super-Mare are both home to pleasure piers. The Bristol Channel's coastal cities are Swansea and Cardiff, with Newport and Bristol on the Severn Estuary. Much of the coastline has special protections. On the English side, Exmoor is a National Park. Some of England's largest red deer herds roam freely across the hilly landscape, where the Exmoor Pony - one of the Rare Breed Survival Trust's priority species - also grazes. In Wales, the rugged Pembrokeshire Coast National Park is home to a variety of flora and fauna. Almost 350,000 pairs of Manx Shearwater are thought to live on nearby Skomer Island, off the coast near Tenby, with more than 40,000 Puffins. Harbour Porpoise are resident in the Bristol Channel. Further east along the coast, The Gower National Landscape comprises a mix of heath, grassland, marshes, dunes, and woodlands on the peninsula west of Swansea. The Mendip and Quantock hills, both in Somerset, are also national landscapes. They tower over the Somerset Levels, low-lying flat farmland and marshland which is drained into the Bristol Channel using a series of ditches. The hills are covered with ancient woodland, parkland and heathland. The Bristol Channel has a prominent place in English and Welsh culture. Despite swimming "fast and well", the Pobble lost his toes when he crossed the Bristol Channel, in Edward Lear's nonsense poem "The Pobble Who Has No Toes":But before he touched the shore, The shore of the Bristol Channel, A sea-green porpoise carried away His wrapper of scarlet flannel. And when he came to observe his feet Formerly garnished with toes so neat His face at once became forlorn On perceiving that all his toes were gone!At Watchet, a commemorative statute to Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Rime of the Ancient Mariner was unveiled in 2003. Coleridge Taylor lived briefly at Nether Stowey, on the edge of the Quantocks and around 10 mi (16 km) from Watchet, from 1797 until the turn of the 19th Century. He composed the poem and worked on his Lyrical Ballads collection with William Wordsworth during this period. Coleridge Taylor's then-home, Coleridge Cottage, is now a National Trust property open to the public. Doctor Who fans will recognise Dunraven Bay at Southerndown, near Bridgend, as Bad Wolf Bay. The iconic scene where the 10th Doctor (David Tennant) bade farewell to his former companion Rose Tyler (Billie Piper) was filmed there. == Get in == Cities and large towns along the Bristol Channel coastline are well served by public transport, and are on the British motorway network. Rural areas can be harder to reach. The Prince of Wales Bridge and Severn Bridge are the only road crossings between England and Wales in the region. === By plane === 'Bristol Airport ('BRS IATA) lies approximately 14 mi (23 km) east of Weston-super-Mare by road. It is a medium-sized international airport with flights arriving from cities throughout the UK and Europe. Bus route A1 departs the airport terminal for Bristol city centre, including Bristol Temple Meads railway station, with route A3 heading for Weston-super-Mare on the coast. National Express operates route 216 to Cardiff, including early morning and late evening services. It is signposted from the motorway. 'Cardiff Airport ('CWL IATA) is around 10 mi (16 km) west of Cardiff, and a short distance from the seaside town of Barry. It is a small international airport, with a small number of flights arriving from cities in the UK and Europe. It is signposted from the motorway. Britain's largest airport at Heathrow ('LHR' IATA) is 105 mi (169 km) from Bristol by road, via the motorway, with excellent coach connections to larger destinations in the Bristol Channel region. === By train === Trains in the region are part of the National Rail network throughout Great Britian. From London, trains depart from Paddington to destinations in the region, including: Bristol Parkway, Bristol Temple Meads, Weston-super-Mare, Taunton, Cardiff Central, Bridgend, Port Talbot Parkway, Neath, Swansea, Llanelli and Carmarthen. From the South West, including Penzance, Truro, Plymouth and Exeter, trains run direct to several destinations, including: Taunton, Weston-super-Mare, Bristol Temple Meads, Bristol Parkway and Cardiff Central. From the Midlands and the North East, including Birmingham New Street, Nottingham and York, trains run direct to several destinations, including: Cardiff Central, Bristol Parkway, Bristol Temple Meads, Weston-super-Mare and Taunton. From Manchester, trains depart from Piccadilly bound for Bristol Parkway, Bristol Temple Meads and Cardiff Central, with some services continuing to Bridgend, Port Talbot Parkway, Neath, Swansea and stations in West Wales. On the English side, there are very few railway stations. For Watchet and Minehead, alight at Taunton and use bus route 28. On the Welsh side, change at Cardiff Central for services to Penarth, Barry, Barry Island or Llantwit Major. Change at Carmarthen for services to Narberth, Kilgetty, Saundersfoot, Tenby, Penally, Manorbier, Lamphey, Pembroke and Pembroke Dock. For The Gower, alight at Swansea and use local bus routes. Journeys between the English and Welsh sides may require a change at Bristol Temple Meads and Cardiff Central. === By car === From London and the South East, the is a direct link to the region. Exit at: for Bristol city centre for the English side for Cardiff city centre for Cardiff city centre, Cardiff Bay, Barry and Barry Island via , and Penarth via for Bridgend, and Southerndown and Ogmore-by-Sea via local routes for Porthcawl, Pyle and Kenfig Sands for Margam and Port Talbot for Swansea, The Mumbles and The Gower for Llanelli and Burry Port, Pembrey and Kidwelly via to continue into West Wales via Follow for Pendine, Saundersfoot, Tenby, Manorbier and Pembroke. From the North, the Midlands, and Exeter, the is a direct link to the region. Exit at: for the Welsh side via for the Welsh side for Bristol city centre for Clevedon for Weston-super-Mare for Burnham-on-Sea for Bridgwater and the Quantock Hills National Landscape, Watchet and Minehead via for Bridgwater and the Quantock Hills National Landscape, Watchet and Minehead via for Tiverton, Ilfracombe, Barnstaple, the Exmoor National Park and Minehead via The acts as the main coast road between Williton (near Watchet) and Barnstaple, via Minehead, Porlock and Lynmouth. From Oxford, The Cotswolds and Gloucester, the is a direct link to the region. Use: for the English side for Newport and onward connections to Cardiff, Barry, Porthcawl and Port Talbot for Swansea and onward connections to The Gower and Llanelli for Tenby and Pembroke Other routes into the region include: from Newquay, Bude and Bideford to Barnstaple and Minehead from Exeter to Barnstaple from Bath, Wells and Glastonbury to Bridgwater and Minehead from North Wales and Brecon to Cardiff === By bike === The English and Welsh coastlines are mostly hilly, with steep climbs on many routes. Cyclists can take their bikes on most trains into the region. Some cycle spaces require a booking. Check the National Rail website. Several National Cycle Network routes cross into the region, including: 3 from Land's End (via St Austell) to Barnstaple, the Exmoor National Park, Taunton and Bristol. 4 from London (via Windsor, Reading and Bath) to Bristol, Newport, Pontypridd, Port Talbot, Neath, Swansea, Carmarthen, Tenby and Pembroke. Also from Fishguard in the west. 8 Lôn Las Cymru from Holyhead (via Eryri National Park, the Brecon Beacons National Park and Merthyr Tydfil) to Pontypridd and Cardiff. 41 from Rugby (via Stratford-upon-Avon and Gloucester) to Bristol. 46 from Bromsgrove (via Worcester, Hereford, Abergavenny and Merthyr Tydfil) to Neath. Cyclists can cross between England and Wales over the Severn Bridge - between Aust and Chepstow. The route is part of National Cycle Network route 4. == Get around == === By train === Trains in the region are part of the National Rail network throughout Great Britain. Cyclists can take their bikes on most trains in the region. Some cycle spaces require a booking. Check the National Rail website. There are few stations along the North Devon Coast. Stopping services operate between Barnstaple and Exeter, via Chapelton and Umberleigh. Services operate regularly on weekdays, with a more limited service later in the evenings. For the nearest coast: use bus route 21 for Westward Ho!, 21A to Appledore or 21C for Saunton. The 180 mi (290 km) Tarka Trail passes close to Barnstaple station, on its figure-of-eight route via Lynton, Saunton, Bideford and Okehampton. Part of the trail is a train journey from Eggesford and Barnstaple. In Somerset, Bridgwater station lies sandwiched between the Levels and the Quantock Hills National Landscape. It is a mainline station, with regular trains to destinations throughout the region, including Exeter, Bristol and Cardiff. The King Charles III Coast Path crosses the River Parrett at Bridgwater, near the railway station, as it hugs the English coastline. The River Parrett Trail also passes close to the station, following the river and the Coast Path to the Bristol Channel (west). Highbridge and Burnham station around 2 mi (3.2 km) from Burnham's 20th-century pleasure pier and wide sandy beach. Stopping services call at the station between Exeter, Bristol and Cardiff. Weston-super-Mare station is a short walk from the town's pleasure pier and beach. It is a mainline station with services to destinations throughout the region and UK. There are several railway stations in Bristol. The city's central railway station is Temple Meads. A great many services call at Bristol Temple Meads, with rail connections throughout the region and UK. Cardiff Central is the main railway station in the Welsh capital, with connections throughout the region and UK. Queen Street is the city's other main station, which is on local routes only. Change at Queen Street for services to Cardiff Bay, which is a short walk from the city's harbour, the Senedd (Welsh Parliament) and Wales Millennium Centre. Change at Cardiff Central for local trains to Penarth. The station is a short walk from the town's Victorian pleasure pier and pavilion, with views across the Bristol Channel into England. A branch line between Cardiff Central and Bridgend follows the coastline through the Vale of Glamorgan, with trains calling at Barry Docks, Barry, Rhoose Cardiff International Airport and Llantwit Major - a seaside town with a beach (1.6 mi (2.6 km) from the station on foot) and several cosy pubs. Some trains run to Barry Island, opposite the area's famous amusement park. Trains stop a short walk away from the sandy Whitmore Bay (Barry Island Beach). For Aberavon Beach - a 3 mi (4.8 km) expanse of sand in the shadow of industrial Port Talbot - Baglan is around 40 minutes' walk away. Swansea railway station is served by mainline trains. It is to the north of the city centre, less than 1 mi (1.6 km) from the city's harbour and National Waterfront Museum. Several bus routes connect Swansea to villages and beaches in The Gower. Gowerton station is on the edge of the National Landscape. The Gower Way footpath - between Worms Head (Rhossili) and the ruins of Penlle'r Castell, near Ammanford - passes close to the station. Railway routes west of Swansea tend to hug the coast and inlets, with stops at Llanelli, Pembrey and Burry Port, Kidwelly, Ferryside, Carmarthen, Whitland, Narberth, Kilgetty, Saundersfoot, Tenby, Penally, Manorbier, Lamphey, Pembroke and Pembroke Dock. Stopping and long-distance services operate throughout the day on these routes. Services become less frequent after around 7PM and on weekends. Some towns do not have stations, including: Ilfracombe, Minehead, Watchet, Cowbridge, Porthcawl and Mumbles. === By car === Having access to a car is essential in some parts of the Bristol Channel region, particularly in the rural Quantock Hills National Landscape, Exmoor National Park and Glamorgan Heritage Coast. Parking facilities vary throughout the region. Follow the symbol for formal car parks. Roads are generally in good condition by international standards, but expect defects on minor routes - including potholes and seasonal flooding. Single track roads are wide enough for one car only, so be prepared to reverse some way to a suitable passing place, if you meet oncoming traffic. ==== Crossing the Bristol Channel ==== There are very few opportunities to cross the Bristol Channel by car. Journeys between the English and Welsh coastlines can be quite lengthy. For example, Minehead is only 13 mi (21 km) from Llantwit Major beach "as the crow flies", but the journey by road is around 115 mi (185 km) - more than two hours' driving at least. Bristol Channel crossings lie between Bristol and Newport. These are: Prince of Wales Bridge Severn Bridge An alternative River Severn crossing is available around 25 mi (40 km) further inland, using the near Gloucester. ==== Main routes ==== The runs between Barnstaple and Bridgwater, via Lynton, Porlock, Minehead and Watchet. It is the main coast road through much of the Exmoor National Park, rising to the top of steep cliffs and winding downwards into wooded valleys. Be prepared to slow for sharp bends and narrow gaps. Passengers can look out over grey-green, layered peaks inland, with glimpses of the Bristol Channel to the north. The from Tiverton to Barnstaple makes for a fast journey along Exmoor's southern edge. West of Barnstaple, the route continues to Braunton and Ilfracombe, past Saunton and its sandy beach. Between Ilfracombe and the Exmoor National Park, use . The and run roughly in parallel, between Exeter, Taunton, Bridgwater, Burnham and Bristol, often very close to the Bristol Channel coastline. Follow for Weston-super-Mare, including the town centre. The and run roughly in parallel, between Chepstow, Newport, Cardiff, Cowbridge, Bridgend, Port Talbot, Neath, Swansea and Carmarthen. Look out for glimpses of the sea from both roads. For: Cardiff and Cardiff Bay, use Barry and Barry Island, use Porthcawl, use or The Mumbles, use Port Eynon and Rhossili, use Llanelli, use or Most coast roads on the Welsh sides are minor routes. The drive between St Brides Major and Ewenny, via Southerndown and Ogmore-by-Sea, is around 50m above sea level, along the clifftop. It offers dramatic views across the Bristol Channel, of crashing waves on the Welsh shore and the distant Exmoor hills in England in one go. West of Carmarthen, the is the main route towards Pembroke, with the heading to Tenby. These routes - through the countryside and villages - can become very busy in the summer months, with queuing traffic at peak times. === By boat === The Glasgow based paddle steamer Waverley regularly visits the Bristol Channel, offering day cruises for a couple of weeks in the summer. The historic steamer Balmoral has previously offered day cruises in the Bristol channel. In 2025 funds are being raised to return the ship to service. == See == == Do == The South West Coast Path starts at Minehead and heads west along the coast to Lands End and then heads east along the south coast, a 630 mi (1,010 km) walk in total. == Eat == == Drink == == Stay safe == When sailing in the Bristol Channel don't forget that this is a very challenging sailing area with very strong tidal currents, with the second highest tidal range in the world next to Bay of Fundy. == Go next ==