Bankin Duniya

Bankin Duniya da Turanci kuma "World Bank" da Faransanci "Banque Mondale". Wata babbar cibiyar hada-hadar kuɗaɗe ce ta duniya baki ɗaya, tana bayar da bashi ga ƙasashen duniya domin gudanar da manyan ayyuka don cigaban ƙasashen. Bankin na da cibiyoyi biyu a ƙarƙashin sa, su ne: Bankin duniya wani bangare ne na kungiyar bankin duniya wanda aka fi sani da "World Bank Group" da Turanci. Bankin Duniya shine sunan gama-gari na bankin ƙasa da ƙasa na sake ginawa da raya kasa (IBRD) da kungiyar ci gaban ƙasa da ƙasa (IDA), biyu daga cikin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa biyar mallakar ƙungiyar bankin duniya. An kafa shi tare da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya a taron Bretton Woods na 1944. Bayan jinkirin farawa, lamuni na farko ya kasance ga Faransa a cikin 1947. A farkon shekarunta, ta fi mai da hankali kan sake gina Turai A tsawon lokaci, ta mayar da hankali kan bayar da lamuni ga kasashe masu tasowa na duniya A cikin 1970s, Bankin Duniya ya sake tunanin manufarsa na samar da ci gaba kamar yadda aka tsara shi kan rage talauci. cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin sa-kai da ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli a cikin kundin lamuni na ta. Dabarun lamunin sa yana tasiri ta hanyar kare muhalli da zamantakewa. , A cikin 2020, jimlar alkawurran da Bankin Duniya ya yi ya kai dala biliyan 77.1, yana da ma'aikata na cikakken lokaci 12,300, kuma yana aiki a kasashe 145 Ayyukan Bankin Duniya sun shafi fannoni daban-daban tun daga gina makarantu zuwa yaki da cututtuka, samar da ruwa da wutar lantarki, da kare muhalli. An soki bankin duniya da cewa yana inganta hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da kuma cutar da ci gaban tattalin arziki. Haka kuma an sha suka kan yadda bankin ke tafiyar da harkokin bankin da kuma mayar da martani ga cutar ta COVID-19. Shugaban na yanzu (wanda ya fara daga 2023) shine Ajay Banga wanda aka sani yana tallafawa ayyukan yanayi, sabanin wanda ya gabace shi David Malpass. Tarihi Harry Dexter White (hagu) da John Maynard Keynes, "mahaifan da suka kafa" Bankin Duniya da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF)[10] An kirkiro Bankin Duniya a taron Bretton Woods na 1944, tare da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF). ns. Manufar kafa bankin duniya ita ce bayar da lamuni na wucin gadi ga kasashe masu karamin karfi wadanda ba za su iya samun lamuni ta hanyar kasuwanci ba[ bankin kuma na iya yin lamuni da neman gyare-gyaren manufofin daga masu karɓa. Imperial Nature: T [,] Rotberg da ya nemo sabbin hanyoyin samun jari a wajen bankunan arewa wadanda su ne tushen samar da kudade. Roerg ya yi amfani da kasuwar hada-hadar kuɗi ta duniya don haɓaka babban kuɗin da bankin ke samu. Ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon lokacin bayar da lamuni na kawar da talauci shi ne saurin bunƙasa bashin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Daga 1976 zuwa 1980, bashin duniya masu tasowa ya karu a matsakaicin adadin shekara na 20%. An kafa kotun kula da harkokin bankin duniya ne a shekarar 1980, domin yanke hukunci kan takaddamar da ke tsakanin kungiyar bankin duniya da ma’aikatanta inda ba a mutunta zargin rashin kiyaye kwangilolin aiki ko sharuddan nadi ba. [ ya maye gurbin membobin ma'aikatan McNamara da yawa kuma ya ƙirƙira wata b an ammanufa ta daban. Ya yanke shawtrar zuwa 1982 Tsarin Shugabanni Shugaban bankin shine shugaban rukunin bankin duniya baki daya. Shugaban kasa ne ke da alhakin gudanar da tarurrukan kwamitocin gudanarwa da gudanar da harkokin bankin baki daya. A al'adance, bisa fahimtar sahihanci tsakanin Amurka da Turai, ana zabar shugaban bankin duniya daga cikin 'yan takarar da Amurka ta zaba, wadanda suka fi kowa hannun jari a bankin. Bankin duniya yana son ba da rance ga ƙasashen da ke abokantaka da Amurka, ba don tasirin Amurka kai tsaye ba amma saboda ma'aikatan bankin duniya. Hukumar gudanarwar zartaswar za ta tabbatar da wanda aka zaba don yin wa’adin shekaru biyar, wanda za a iya sabunta shi. Yayin da akasarin shugabannin Bankin Duniya suna da kwarewar banki, wasu ba su da shi.[] Jim Yong Kim an zabe shi a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2012 kuma ya sake zabar shi zuwa wa'adi na biyu na shekaru biyar a cikin 2017. Ya sanar da murabus dinsa a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2019 kuma an maye gurbinsa na wucin gadi da tsohuwar Shugabar Bankin Duniya Kristalina Georgieva, sannan David Malpass a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2019. "ya haifar da kururuwa ta hanyar nuna alamar tambaya game da rawar da mutane ke takawa a cikin sauyin yanayi" A shekarar 2023, an nada sabon shugaban kasa: Ajay Banga. Wa'adinsa ya fara ne a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2023. Shugaban Amurka Joe Biden ya goyi bayan wani bangare saboda yana goyon bayan ayyukan sauyin yanayi. Ana kuma sa ran zai taimakawa kasashe masu karamin karfi wajen magance basussuka. Shi ne Ba’amurke ɗan Indiya na farko da ya jagoranci bankin Mataimakin shugaban kasa da shuwagabannin gudanarwa Mataimakan shugabannin bankin su ne manyan manajojinsa, masu kula da yankuna, sassa, hanyoyin sadarwa da ayyuka. Akwai mataimakan zartaswa guda biyu, manyan mataimakan shugaban kasa uku, da mataimakan shugaban kasa 24. Kwamitin gudanarwar ya kunshi shugaban rukunin bankin duniya da daraktocin gudanarwa 25. Shugaban kasa shi ne shugaba, kuma a bisa ka'ida ba shi da kuri'a sai dai ya karya kunnen doki. Daraktocin zartarwa a matsayinsu na daidaikun mutane ba za su iya yin amfani da wani iko ko yin aiki ko wakilcin banki ba sai dai idan hukumomin sun ba su izinin yin hakan. Da wa'adin da ya fara a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2010, adadin shugabanningudanarwa ya ku da daya, zuwa 25. girma ta hanyar jefa kuri'a a kowace cibiyar bankin duniya Tebu mai zuwa yana nuna biyan kuɗi na manyan ƙasashe 20 na Babban Bankin Duniya ta hanyar jefa ƙuri'a a cikin cibiyoyin Bankin Duniya masu zuwa kamar na Disamba 2014 ko Maris 2015: Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba (IBRD), Hukumar Kuɗi ta Duniya (IFC), Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya (IDA), da Hukumar Ba da garantin Zuba Jari ta Multilateral (MIGA). Ana rarraba ƙasashe membobin ƙuri'a a lokacin kasancewa memba sannan kuma daga baya don ƙarin biyan kuɗi zuwa babban kuɗi (ƙiri ɗaya na kowane kaso na babban hannun jari da memba ke riƙe). 6] Rukunin Bankin Duniya Wannan sashe wani yanki ne daga rukunin Bankin Duniya.[gyara gyara] Ginin Rukunin Bankin Duniya (Washington, DC) Rukunin Bankin Duniya (WBG) iyali ne na kungiyoyi biyar na kasa da kasa da ke ba da lamuni ga kasashe masu tasowa. Shi ne bankin ci gaba mafi girma kuma sananne a duniya kuma mai sa ido a kungiyar raya kasashe ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Babban hedikwatar bankin na birnin Washington D.C. a kar Amurka. Ya ba da kusan dala biliyan 98.83 na lamuni da taimako ga "ci gaba" da ƙasashe masu canji a cikin kasafin kuɗi na 2021. manufar bankin ita ce cimma tagwayen manufofin kawo karshen talauci da gina wadatuwa tare jimilar lamuni kamar na 2015 na shekaru 10 na ƙarshe ta hanyar Bayar da Manufofin Ci gaba ya kai kusan dala biliyan 117., an kafa ƙungiyoyinta guda biyar cikin lokaci: Ayyukan da , da wutar lanarki), manyan ayyukan gine-gine na masana'antu, da gudanarwa (misali yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, ci gaban cibiyoyin shari'a). IBRD da IDA suna ba da lamuni a ƙimar fifiko ga ƙasashe membobi, da kuma tallafi ga ƙasashe mafi talauci. Sau da yawa ana danganta lamuni ko tallafi na takamaiman ayyuka da sauye-sauyen manufofi a fannin ko tattalin arzikin ƙasa baki ɗaya. Misali, ba da lamuni don inganta kula da muhalli na bakin teku na iya danganta shi da haɓaka sabbin cibiyoyin muhalli a matakin ƙasa da na gida da aiwatar da sabbin ƙa'idoji don iyakance gurɓatawa. Annobar cutar covid-19 A cikin Satumba 2020, yayin bala'in COVID-19, Bankin Duniya ya ba da sanarwar wani shiri na dala biliyan 12 don wadata "kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin kudin shiga" tare da rigakafin da zarar an amince da shi. A watan Yuni 2022, bankin ya ba da rahoton cewa an ware dala biliyan 10.1 don wadata kasashe 78 da rigakafin , e. <rAsusun Cutar Cutar, wanda aka kafa a cikin Satumba 2022, wani shiri ne na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙasashe, masu aiwatar da abokan tarayya, , An soki Bankin Duniya game da jinkirin mayar da martani na Cibiyar Bayar da Tallafin Gaggawa (PEF), asusun da aka ƙirƙira don samar da kuɗi don taimakawa wajen magance barkewar annoba.] " ku." Bankin Duniya ya ninka taimakon da yake bayarwa na daidaita sauyin yanayi daga dala biliyan 2.3 (£1.47bn) a shekarar 2011 zuwa dala biliyan 4.6 a shekarar 2012. Duniyar yanzu ta fi 0.8 ° C zafi fiye da lokacin da ake yin masana'antu. Ya ce za a kai ga zafin 2°C nan da shekaru 20 zuwa 30.[ A cikin Disamba 2017, Kim ya ba da sanarwar Bankin Duniya ba zai sake ba da gudummawar bunkasa burbushin mai ba, amma " Ministocin kudi na EU sun shiga ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin farar hula, gami da Tawayen Ragewa, a cikin Nuwamba 2019 don yin kira da a kawo ƙarshen tallafin Bankin Duniya na albarkatun mai.[83] A cikin {{DEFAULTSORT:Bankin Duniya}= manazarta