Kabari na Woodlawn (Washington, DC)

Kabarin Woodlawn wani kabari ne na tarihi a unguwar na Washington, DC, a Amurka. Kabarin 22.5 acres (91,000 m2) m2) ya ƙunshi kusan kaburbura 36,000, kusan dukkanin su 'yan Afirka ne. An kara makabarta a cikin National Register of Historic Places a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1996. Tarihi An kafa Gundumar Columbia a cikin shekara ta 1791, kuma a cikin shekaru 160 na farko na wanzuwarta kusan dukkanin makabarta da ba na Katolika ba a cikin birni an raba su da launin fata. Yawancin makabarta sun ki binne 'yan Afirka na Afirka, yayin da wasu suka raba fararen fata daga "mutane masu launin fata" (Amurkawa na Afirka, 'yan asalin Amurka, da Asiya). A cikin shekarun 1880, yawancin mutanen Afirka na birnin suna zaune a gabashin Birnin Tarayya da Washington County da gabashin Kogin Anacostia. Kabari guda biyu ne kawai suka hadu da bukatun baƙar fata na birnin: Kabari na Graceland (abin da ke yanzu Hechninger Mall a kusurwar Maryland Avenue NE da Bladensburg Road NE) da Kabari na Payne (yanzu shafin yanar gizon Fletcher-Johnson Elementary School da Cibiyar Fletcher -Johnson Recreation). Tsakanin Mayu 14, 1895, da Oktoba 7, 1898, an tura kusan 6,000 daga Kabari na Graceland zuwa kaburbura da yawa a Kabari na Woodlawn. A cikin shekaru, rufe ƙananan makabarta a cikin Birnin Tarayya da kuma wasu manyan wuraren binnewa sun haifar da kaburbura masu yawa. Babban canja wurin karshe ya faru ne daga 1939 zuwa 1940, lokacin da aka sake mayar da ragowar 139 zuwa Woodlawn. A cikin dukkan kaburbura da yawa sun kasance a Kabari na Woodlawn . Rufewa, sake buɗewa, da kuma halin yanzu Kabarin Woodlawn ya kasance babban kabari ga 'yan Afirka na birnin a cikin shekarun 1950. Duk da haka, an adana rubuce-rubuce a shafin, kuma ana binne gawawwakin a cikin wuraren da ba daidai ba. Woodlawn wani kabari ne mai hadewa, saboda ya yarda da binnewar fararen fata da baƙi. A ciki, duk da haka, an raba shi, tare da Caucasians da aka binne a cikin wani sashi na fararen fata kawai. Yayin da makabarta ta cika kuma sarari don binnewa ya zama samuwa a cikin makabarta da ba a raba su ba, kudin shiga daga sayar da wuraren binnewa ya ragu sosai. White burials a Woodlawn, sau ɗaya babbar hanyar samun kudin shiga, ta faɗi bayan 1912. Rashin amincewar kulawa ta har abada, makabarta ta fada cikin lalacewa. An yi jana'izar karshe a can game da 1969, tare da jimlar adadin wadanda suka mutu a makabartar game da 36,000. Kungiyar Kabari ta Woodlawn ta shiga cikin ikon mazaunin yankin Louis H. Bell da ɗansa Richard Bell a 1961. Sun shirya mayar da makabartar ta hanyar tallata yanayin tarihi da muhimmancinsa ga al'ummar Afirka ta Amirka, da kuma samar da kudaden shiga don maidowa. Amma sun gano cewa ɓangarorin da ba su da komai a cikin makabartar suna dauke da kaburbura. Rashin kudade don bincika makabartar da kuma tantance waɗanne sarari ne suka kasance kyauta, ƙaho sun watsar da ƙoƙarin maidowa kuma makabartar ta kara lalacewa. A shekara ta 1967, masu fushi da magada sun yanke shawarar karɓar iko da Kabari na Woodlawn. Kungiyar ta kasance karkashin jagorancin lotholder Willard Wimp; surukinsa, lauya Emanuel Lipscomb; lotholders Bruce O. Hawkins; da lauya Harry B. Thornton. Sun kafa kungiyar Woodlawn Cemetery Perpetual Care Association (WCPCA), kuma sun kai karar Karrarawa. Bayan yakin shari'a na shekaru biyar, a lokacin da aka ayyana ƙungiyar makabarta ta fatara kuma an yi watsi da makabarta, Louis Bell ya amince da mika Woodlawn ga WCPCA a shekarar 1972. Tare da ƙananan kudade da dogaro da taimakon sa kai, WCPCA ta yi aiki na shekaru ashirin don dawo da Kabari na Woodlawn. Da'awar ta tafi sannu a hankali. Lokacin da Washington Metro ta fara shimfiɗa hanya don Blue Line a farkon shekarun 1970, WCPCA ta ba da shawarar sayar da rabin yammacin makabartar zuwa Metro don karɓar Tashar Benning Road. Amma Metro ta ki amincewa da tayin. Woodlawn ya sake buɗewa don binnewa a 1975, amma a shekarar 1987 makabartar har yanzu ta lalace.[1] WCPCA kawai ta tara isasshen kuɗi don biyan kuɗin yankan ciyawa sau biyu a shekara.[1] A cikin 1981, ƙungiyar ta amince da wani shiri don inganta Woodlawn ta hanyar samun fiye da 5 gajeren tan (4.5 na cika datti da aka kawo zuwa makabartar. Manufar ita ce amfani da ƙasa don cika kaburbura da aka nutse da kuma sauƙaƙa kula da filayen. Rashin kudade don aiki da kayan aiki, duk da haka, an yi amfani da takalma don motsa datti. Wannan ya bar wasu duwatsu da aka binne a ƙarƙashin kusan ƙafa 4 (1.2 na ƙasa, kuma wasu da yawa sun lalace. WCPCA ta yarda cewa halin da ake ciki ba shi da kyau, amma ba ta yi wani shiri na gano duwatsun da aka binne yanzu ba.[1] Matsalolin kudi a Woodlawn sun ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Jaridar Washington Post ta ayyana makabarta ta cika da ciyawa a shekarar 1987 har ba za a iya wucewa ba.[1]￼ WCPCA ta kafa shirin tara kudade na shekaru biyar a shekarar 1987 don sanya makabarta a kan karin kudade. Wasu taimakon kudi sun zo ne ta hanyar karamin tallafin shekara-shekara daga National Harmony Memorial Park, wani makabartar Afirka ta Afirka a Landover, Maryland. Kabarin ya sami babban ci gaba lokacin da Majalisa ta ba da $ 300,000 a cikin 2000 don taimakawa WCPCA tsaftace wurin binnewa. Gudanar da tallafin ya ba WCPCA damar hayar (na $ 30,000) tsarin radar mai shiga ƙasa (GPR). Tyrone F. Janar, shugaban WCPCA, an horar da shi na tsawon shekaru biyu a cikin aikin tsarin GPR. Da farko a shekara ta 2009, WCPCA ta fara bincika dukan makabarta don ƙayyade ainihin wurin kaburbura - tsari wanda aka kiyasta zai ɗauki shekaru uku. A cewar Hukumar Haraji ta Cikin Gida, an soke matsayin sadaka na 501 (c) (3) na WCPCA a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 2013 kuma an sake dawo da shi a wannan rana. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2016, ma'aikatan sa kai 180 da suka hada da masu sa kai, wadanda kungiyar Amurka ta shirya zuwa Washington DC, sun ba da sa'o'i don share bishiyoyi da sauran tarkace a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarin dawo da kaburbura na tsoffin sojoji masu muhimmanci a yankin. A cikin 2018, membobin Delta Sigma Theta da Alpha Kappa Alpha sun shiga cikin WCPCA. A cikin al'adun gargajiya Woodlawn, wasan kwaikwayo game da makabartar, an samar da shi ne ta gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Young Playwrights a cikin 2011. Abubuwan da aka sani Akwai sanannun 'yan Afirka da yawa a cikin ƙasa da na cikin gida waɗanda aka binne a Kabari na Woodlawn. Daga cikin wadannan akwai mutane takwas wadanda ake kiran makarantun gwamnati na gida. Richard H. Cain, memba na Jamhuriyar Republican na Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga babban kujerar majalisa ta Kudu Carolina a 1873 an binne shi da farko a Kabari na Graceland a 1887. Wataƙila an tura shi zuwa Kabari na Woodlawn a shekara ta 1895, amma idan haka ne kabarinsa ba shi da alama. John Willis Menard na Louisiana, Ba'amurke na farko da aka zaba a Majalisa, an kuma binne shi a Graceland kuma daga baya ya koma Woodlawn. Kabarinsa, duk da haka, an yi masa alama. Manazarta