Inqaba yaseSanta Elisabethe

Inqaba yaseSanta Elisabethe (IYukr. Фортеця Святої Єлизавети) Le nqaba yangaphambili emile okwenkwenkwezi kwisixeko saseKropyvnytskyi yenye yezikhumbuzo ezilishumi ezifanayo kulo lonke elaseYurophu kunye nophawu oluphambili lombindi weIYukreyini. Emva kokusekwa kwekoloni "eNew Serbia" ngabaphambukeli abavela eMzantsi Yurophu, i-Cossacks yaseUkraine, ngokwemiyalelo kaKumkanikazi uElizabeth, yakha le nqaba ukukhusela le mimandla ekuhlaselweni yi-Ottoman ubukhosi. Ngowe-1654, kwasekwa umanyano lomkhosi, apho abemi baseIYukreyini bathabatha inxaxheba kumadabi amaninzi kwicala loBukhosi baseRashiya. Ebudeni bemfazwe noBukhosi baseOttoman ukususela ngowe-1768 ukusa kowe-1774, le nqaba, eyayiphethwe ngamajoni angama-6 000, yamelana nongqingo olukhulu ngabahlaseli abangama-70 000 yaza yalurhoxisa uhlaselo lwaseTurkey . Ngowe-1784, inqaba yaba sisixeko. Ngowe-1794, yayinemipu eyi-162, ikhonza amajoni angama-277. Emva kwenkulungwane ye-18, kwasinda imipu emibini kuphela - yabekwa phezu kweentsika zamatye kufuphi nesango. NgoSeptemba 17, 1842, ukumkani Nicholas I wafika kwinqaba kwi-parade, ngo-1874 - uAlexander II, kwaye ngo-1888 - uAlexander III. Ngexesha leMfazwe yombango, isixeko sathinjwa ngamakomanisi, akha intolongo yamabanjwa ezopolitiko apha. Ngexesha lendlala ye-1932-1933, iimeko ezadalwa ngu-Stalin kwaye zaqatshelwa njenge-genocide, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-1937, i-OGPU kunye ne-NKVD (Iinkonzo zemfihlo zaseSoviet) yafihla imizimba yalabo bafa ngenxa yendlala kunye nemizimba yabo bafa ngenxa yengcinezelo kumangcwaba amaninzi. Umbandela wentshutshiso yezobupolitika yaseSoviet wawungavunyelwa ukuba uxutyushwe nakwiincoko zangasese, singasathethi ke kumajelo eendaba; nakuphi na ukukhankanywa kwayo kunokukhokelela ekuvalelweni okanye ekubekweni kombhali kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo, nto leyo eyaqhubeka de kwawa phantsi kolawulo lobuzwilakhe ngo-1991 . Ngexesha lokulawula kwamaNazi esi sixeko ukususela ngowe-1941 ukuya kutsho ngowe-1944, amawaka amaYuda namajoni adutyulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo apha. Emva kwenkululeko, abafileyo bangcwatyelwa apha. Ukususela ngowe-1950, apha kuye kwakhiwa isikhumbuzo esikhulu samaxhoba eMfazwe Yehlabathi II, esiqulathe amangcwaba angama-50 000, uninzi lwawo lungabemi baseIYukreyini namaYuda. Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, kwakhiwa ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwisikhumbuzo, kwaye ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1980, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wabekwa embindini wesikhumbuzo. Kukho izikhumbuzo ezinikezelwe kumaqhawe eMfazwe Yehlabathi II kunye neMfazwe yaseRashiya-IYukreyini (2014-). Ukongeza, kwi-2016, isikhumbuzo samaxhoba endlala ka-1932-1933 samiswa . References