Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Karuma

The Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station is an operational 600 MW hydroelectric power station in Uganda. It is the largest power-generating installation in the country. The project was awarded to Chinese engineering firm Sinohydro Corporation, a ⁠contracting subsidiary of the state-owned Power China. Aikin ya fuskanci manyan jinkiri da hauhawar farashi. Da farko an tsara kammala shi cikin watanni 60, aikin ya kai kimanin watanni 114, kimanin jinkiri na shekaru 4.5. Wannan dogon lokacin ya ƙara yawan kuɗaɗen da ake kashewa sosai. Kasafin kuɗin farko na kimanin dala biliyan 1.7 (SH$6.323 tiriliyan) ya haura zuwa kusan dala tiriliyan SH8.18, tare da ƙarin kuɗaɗen da suka haɗa da kusan shilling biliyan 113.9 na ribar da aka tara saboda jinkirin biyan kuɗi. Tarihi Tun daga shekarar 1995, gwamnatin Uganda ta yi niyyar gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a wurin da magudanar ruwa ta Karuma ta yi. Da farko, an bai wa Norpak, wani kamfanin makamashi na Norway, kwangilar gudanar da nazarin yuwuwar amfani da kuma kimanta tasirin muhalli (EIA) ga madatsar ruwa. Bankin Duniya ya yi alƙawarin samar da rancen da zai biya kuɗin ginin. An bayar da rahoton nazarin yuwuwar amfani a watan Oktoba na 2006. An fara tayin gina aikin a watan Nuwamba na 2006. Da farko, shirin shine gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 200-250. A shekarar 2009, an sake tsara shirye-shiryen, inda aka yi kira da a samar da wani babban aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatts 750. A shekarar 2009, Norpak ya janye daga tattaunawar da ya yi da gwamnatin Uganda, saboda koma bayan tattalin arziki . Gwamnatin Uganda ta yi kwangila da Energy Infratech Private Limited don yin sabon nazarin yiwuwar aiki da kuma sabon EIA, ganin cewa yanzu ana shirin gina babbar tashar wutar lantarki. A wancan lokacin, ana sa ran fara ginin a shekarar 2012 kuma zai ɗauki shekaru shida. A watan Yulin 2011, rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai sun nuna cewa an rage karfin aikin zuwa megawatts 600 daga megawatts 750. Wasu abokan huldar ci gaba na duniya suna son rage karfin aikin zuwa megawatts 400 zuwa 450. Bayanan fasaha Tashar wutar lantarki ta Karuma ta ƙunshi madatsar ruwa mai nauyi, wanda ke auna mita 20 (66 da tsawon mita 312 (1,024 . Akwai hasumiyoyin shan ruwa guda shida, kowannensu yana auna mita 20 (66 da mita 29 (95 a fadin. Gidan da ke karkashin kasa wanda ke dauke da turbines na Francis guda shida na 100MW kowannensu, yana da tsawon mita 200 (656 , mita 21.3 (70 a fadin, da mita 53 (174 a tsawo. Wuri Tashar wutar lantarki tana kan kogin Victoria, a wurin da aka taɓa samun magudanar ruwa ta Karuma . Wannan wurin yana da nisan kimanin 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) daga inda Babbar Hanyar Masindi zuwa Gulu ta ratsa Kogin Nilu. A kan hanya, tsawonta ya kai kimanin 99 kilometres (62 mi) arewa maso gabashin Masindi da 75 kilometres (47 mi) kudu da Gulu . Shigar da wutar lantarki da injina na tashar wutar lantarki suna da nisan kimanin 100 metres (328 ft) a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, tare da 26.5 kilometres (16 mi) na hanyoyin shiga ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda hakan ya sanya Karuma ta zama tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙasa ta 14 mafi girma a duniya. Gine-gine An tsara fara aikin ginin a shekarar 2018, amma an jinkirta shi na tsawon watanni 54. An tsara shi ne don kawo na'urori ta yanar gizo a matakai (farawa da 200 MW), inda farashin wutar lantarki ga masu amfani da wutar ya fara daga $0.049 a kowace na'ura kafin ya faɗi zuwa $0.020 bayan shekaru 10. An fara aikin ginin ne a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2013. A watan Maris na 2015, Sinohydro, babban mai kwangilar aikin, ya ɗauki Alstom don samar da injinan injinan Francis masu ƙarfin megawatt 100 guda shida da kayan aiki masu alaƙa a cikin yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 65 na Amurka. A lokacin, ana sa ran za a ɗauki ma'aikata 2,500 na wucin gadi da na dindindin, wanda zai kai kololuwar kusan 6,000 (galibi 'yan Uganda). Ana sa ran za a ƙaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki a shekarar 2018. Ci gaban ya karu daga kashi 30% na kammalawa a shekarar 2016 zuwa kusan kashi 74–76% a shekarar 2018 , da kuma kashi 80% a watan Afrilun 2019 . Zuwa watan Satumba na 2019, ginin ya kai kusan kashi 95%, inda aka kusa kammala yawancin layukan watsawa ko kuma an kammala su gaba daya. Manazarta