Laburaren Celsus

Laburaren na Celsus tsohon gini ne na Roman a cikin Afisa, wanda yanzu ya zama yankin Anatolia, Turkiyya . An gina shi ne don girmama Sanatan Roman Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, wanda aka sani da Celsus. Celsus ya biya kuɗin ginin laburaren tare da dukiyar sa. Celsus ya kasance Consul a cikin shekara ta 92 AD, Gwamnan lardin Roman na Asiya a cikin 115 AD, kuma ɗan ƙasa mai arziki kuma mashahuri. Ya kasance ɗan asalin Sardisu ne na kusa kuma daga cikin mutanen Girka na farko da suka zama ƙarami a Daular Rome . An girmama shi duka a matsayin Bahelene da Roman akan ɗakin karatu kanta. Hisansa, Gaius Julius Aquila ( Consul 110) ne ya gina ɗakin karatun , kuma an kammala shi a 135 An gina laburaren don adana littattafai dubu 12 kuma ya zama babban kabari ga Celsus. An binne Celsus a cikin sarcophagus ƙarƙashin laburaren, a cikin babbar ƙofar. wanda duka kirif e wanda ke ƙunshe da sarcophagus da kuma abin tunawa da kabarinsa a gareshi. Baƙon abu ne a binne shi a cikin ɗakin karatu ko ma a cikin iyakokin birni, don haka wannan girmamawa ce ta musamman ga Celsus. Tarihi An gina laburaren a cikin Afisa, wani birni na Girka a Asiya orarama . Ginin yana da mahimmanci a matsayin ɗayan examplesan misalan sauran ɗakunan karatu na zamanin da Roman-suka yi tasiri. Hakanan yana nuna cewa an gina dakunan karatu na jama'a ba a cikin Rome kanta kaɗai ba amma a ko'ina cikin Daular Rome . Cikin laburaren da dukkan littattafansa wuta ta lalata a mummunar girgizar ƙasa da ta afkawa garin a shekara ta 262. Facade kawai ya tsira. Kimanin 400 AD, an yi amfani da laburaren don wasu dalilai. Fuskar facce gaba ɗaya ta girgizar ƙasa daga baya, mai yiwuwa a ƙarshen Byzantine . A cikin shekarun 1960s da 1970s, an dawo da facade. Yanzu yana matsayin babban misali na gine-ginen jama'a na Roman. Ginin yana da zaure guda wanda ya fuskanci gabas zuwa wayewar gari, kamar yadda Vitruvius ya ba da shawara, don fa'idantar da masu tashin farkon. A gefen ƙofofin akwai ginshiƙai guda huɗu na ginshiƙan oniciya a ƙasan . Saitin ginshiƙan Koranti yana tsaye sama da saiti na farko, yana ƙara tsayin ginin. Ana tunanin can sau ɗaya yana iya kasancewa saiti na uku. Wannan nau'in facade tare da firam ɗin da aka saka da wasu abubuwa na mutum-mutumi kamar wanda aka samo shi ne a ɗakunan wasan kwaikwayo na Girka na d, a, kuma don haka an bayyana shi a matsayin "hoton abu". Manazarta