Muhammad al-Fatih

Méhméd II (Turki Usmani: محمد ثانى, Meḥmed-i s̠ānī; Basa Turki: II. Mehmet palapalan Turki: [ˈmeh.met]; ogé katelah Muhammad al-Fatih, al-Fātiḥ, الفاتح, "Ki Panaluk" dina Turki Usmani; dina basa Turki modérn, Fatih Sultan Mehmet; ogé disebut Mahomet II di Éropa modérn mimiti), ogé disebut Muhammed bin Murad, Mehmed the Conqueror, jeung Fatih Sultan Mehmed (30 Maret 1432 – 3 Méi 1481), sultan Usmani anu mimitina ngawasa sakeudeung ti Agustus 1444 nepi ka Séptémber 1446, satuluyna ti Pébruari 1451 nepi ka Méi 1481. Dina umur 21, anjeunna nalukkeun Konstantinopel (Istanbul kiwari) sarta sakaligus nganggeusan Kakaisaran Bizantium. Méhméd neruskeun patalukanana ka Anatolia jeung Éropa Tenggara nepi ka Bosnia. Méhméd dijadikeun pahlawan ku Turki kiwari sarta dunya Muslim sacara umum. Salaku pangéling-éling, ngaranna dipaké pikeun Rawayan Fatih Sultan Méhmét di Istanbul, Universitas Fatih, Fatih College, jeung Masjid Fatih. Early reign Méhméd II gumelar 30 Maret 1432 di Edirne, anu satuluyna bakal jadi dayeuhna Kasultanan Utsmani. Ayahna Sultan Murad II (1404–51), indungna Hüma Hatun, gumelar di Devrekani, Kastamonu. Nincak umur sawelas taun, ngarah pangalaman, Méhméd II dikirim ka Amasya pikeun mingpin éta wewengkon, sakumaha galibna pangawasa Utsmani jaman harita. Sanggeus Murad II nyieun kasapukan damé jeung Amirat Karaman di Anatolia Agustus 1444, kakawasaan dipasrahkeun ka Méhméd II anu karék nincak umur dua welas taun. Kituna téh bari diaping ku sababaraha guru. Baca ogé Umum Sultan, Kakaisaran Bizantium, Kasultanan Usmani Patempatan Turki, Rawayan Sultan Méhméd Fatih Bacaan salajengna Babinger, Franz, Mehmed the Conqueror and his Time. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978. ISBN 0-691-01078-1 İnalcık; Halil, Review of Mehmed the Conqueror and his Time Archived 2015-09-24 di Wayback Machine Dwight, Harrison Griswold, Constantinople, Old and New. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1915 Hamlin, Cyrus, Among the Turks. New York: R. Carter & Bros, 1878 Harris, Jonathan, The End of Byzantium. New Haven CT and London: Yale University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-300-11786-8 Imber, Colin, The Ottoman Empire. London: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2002. ISBN 0-333-61387-2 Philippides, Marios, Emperors, Patriarchs, and Sultans of Constantinople, 1373-1513: An Anonymous Greek Chronicle of the Sixteenth Century. Brookline MA: Hellenic College Press, 1990. ISBN 0-917653-16-5 Nehme, Lina Murr, 1453, Mahomet II impose le Schisme Orthodoxe. Lebanon, Aleph & Taw, 2003. ISBN 2-86839-816-2. Réferénsi Émbaran umum Lord Kinross (1977). The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise And Fall Of The Turkish Empire. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-688-08093-6. Murr Nehme, Lina (2003). 1453, Fall of Constantinople: Muhammad II imposes the Orthodox Schism. Aleph Et Taw. ISBN 2-86839-816-2. Silburn, P. A. B. (1912). The evolution of sea-power. London: Longmans, Green and Co. Dyer, T. H., & Hassall, A. (1901). A history of modern Europe From the fall of Constantinople. London: G. Bell and Sons. Fredet, Peter (1888). Modern History; From the Coming of Christ and Change of the Roman Republic into an Empire, to the Year of Our Lord 1888. Baltimore: J. Murphy & Co. Page 383+ Rujukan Tutumbu kaluar Contemporary portraits Chapter LXVIII: Reign Of Mahomet The Second, Extinction Of Eastern Empire karya Edward Gibbon