Altar na Pergamon

Altar na Pergamon (Girkanci na Dā: ) wani gini ne mai ban mamaki wanda aka gina a lokacin mulkin Sarkin Girka na Dā Eumenes II na Daular Pergamon a Farko rabin karni na 2 BC a daya daga cikin terraces na acropolis na Pergamón a Asia Minor (Turkiyya ta zamani). An bayyana shi a matsayin daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi bakwai na Tsohon Duniya ta hanyar sanannun jerin sunayen gargajiya guda uku. Tsarin ya kasance mita 35.74 (117 ft ) fadi da mita 33.4 (109 in) zurfi; matakan gaba kadai kusan kusan mita 20 (66 fadi. An yi wa tushe ado da frieze babban taimako wanda ke nuna yakin tsakanin Giants da Alloli na Olympian da aka sani da Gigantomachy . Akwai na biyu, karami kuma wanda ba a kiyaye shi sosai ba a kan bangon kotun ciki wanda ke kewaye da ainihin bagaden wuta a matakin sama na tsarin a saman matakala. A cikin jerin al'amuran da suka biyo baya, yana nuna abubuwan da suka faru daga rayuwar Telephus, wanda ya kafa birnin Pergamon kuma ɗan jarumi Heracles da Auge, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan sarki Tegean Aleus. A shekara ta 1878, injiniyan Jamus Carl Humann ya fara tonowa a kan acropolis na Pergamon, kokarin da ya kasance har zuwa 1886. An tura bangarorin taimako daga bagaden Pergamon zuwa Berlin, inda aka sanya su a baje kolin a Gidan Tarihin Pergamon. A zamanin d ̄ a Tarihin tarihi Masarautar Pergamene da Philetaerus ya kafa a farkon karni na 3 BC da farko wani bangare ne na Daular Seleucid ta Hellenistic. Attalus I, magaji kuma ɗan'uwan Eumenes I, shine na farko da ya sami cikakken 'yancin kai ga yankin kuma ya ayyana kansa sarki bayan nasarar da ya samu a kan Celtic Galatians a 228 BC. Wannan nasarar da ya samu a kan Galatiyawa, barazana ga mulkin Pergamene, ya tabbatar da ikonsa, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya karfafa. Tare da cin nasara a Asiya Ƙananan a kan kuɗin Seleucids da suka raunana zai iya ƙara girman mulkinsa a takaice. Wani yunkuri na Seleucid a karkashin Antiochos III ya kai ƙofofin Pergamon amma bai iya kawo karshen 'yancin kai na Pergamene ba. Tun da Seleucids ke karuwa a gabas, Attalus ya juya hankalinsa zuwa yamma zuwa Girka kuma ya sami damar mamaye kusan dukkanin Euboea. Ɗansa, Eumenes II, ya kara iyakance tasirin Galatiyawa kuma ya yi mulki tare da ɗan'uwansa Attalus II, wanda ya gaji shi. A cikin 188 BC, Eumenes II ya sami damar ƙirƙirar Yarjejeniyar Apamea a matsayin abokin tarayya na Roma, don haka rage tasirin Seleucids a Asia Minor. Don haka Attalids sun kasance iko mai tasowa tare da sha'awar nuna muhimmancin su ga duniyar waje ta hanyar gina manyan gine-gine. Da yake ambaton Littafin Ru'ya ta Yohanna 2:12-13 a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Kirista, masana da yawa sun yi jayayya cewa bagaden Pergamon shine "Kujerar Shaiɗan" wanda Yahaya Manzo ya ambata a cikin wasikar da ya aika wa cocin a Pergamon. Manazarta