Tafkin Manyara

Tafkin Manyara wanda aka fi sani da Tafkin Moya a tsakanin Mutanen Iraki tafkin ne da ke cikin Gundumar Monduli ta Yankin Arusha, Tanzania kuma ita ce tafkin na bakwai mafi girma a Tanzania ta hanyar farfajiyar, a kilomita 470 (180 sq . Yana da tafki mai zurfi, alkaline a cikin reshen Natron-Manyara-Balangida na Gabashin Afirka Rift. Yankin arewa maso yammacin tafkin (kimanin 200 sq, km.) an haɗa shi a cikin Lake Manyara National Park kuma yana daga cikin Lake Manyari Biosphere Reserve, wanda UNESCO ta kafa a 1981 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Mutum da Biosphere. Akwai bayani daban-daban game da yadda Tafkin Manyara ya sami sunansa. Sunan Manyara na iya fitowa daga kalmar Maasai "emanyara", wanda shine ƙuƙwalwa, kariya a kusa da gidan iyali (boma). Wataƙila tsaunuka masu tsawo 600 m a cikin tafkin, kamar kewaye da Maasai boma. Wata ka'ida ita ce kabilar Mbugwe, waɗanda ke zaune a yankin Tafkin Manyara, na iya ba tafkin sunansa bisa ga kalmar Mbugwe manyero, ma'ana rami ko wurin da dabbobi ke shan ruwa. Hydrology da kwandon ruwa Tafkin Manyara yana da yanki na kimanin 18,372 km2 tare da tsawo tsakanin 938 m da 3633 m sama da matakin teku. Tafkin yana cikin wani kwandon da aka rufe ba tare da fitowa ba, inda ruwa ya ɓace ne kawai ta hanyar evaporation. Ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na karkashin kasa, amma yawancin shigarwar ta fito ne daga ruwan sama da aka ciyar da koguna na dindindin da na ɗan lokaci waɗanda ke zubar da ruwa a kewaye da shi. Rashin zurfin tafkin da yankin da ya rufe yana canzawa sosai. A matsakaicin lokacinsa, a lokacin rigar, tafkin yana da faɗin kilomita 40 da kilomita 15 tare da matsakaicin zurfin 3.7 m. A cikin shekara ta 2010, binciken wanka ya nuna tafkin yana da matsakaicin zurfin 0.81 m, kuma matsakaicin قووڵایی kusan 1.18 m. A cikin matsanancin lokacin bushewa yankin tafkin yana raguwa yayin da ruwan ya bushe kuma a wasu lokuta tafkin ya bushe gaba ɗaya. Tafkin Manyara tafkin soda ne ko alkaline tare da pH kusa da 9.5, kuma yana da yawa a cikin gishiri. Ruwa yana ƙara zama mai laushi a lokacin fari yayin da ruwa ke narkewa kuma gishiri ke tarawa. A lokacin bushewa, manyan wuraren laka suna fallasawa a bakin tekun. Wadannan filayen alkaline suna tsiro a cikin ciyawa, suna jan hankalin dabbobi masu kiwo, gami da manyan garken buffalo, wildebeest da zebra. Yammacin gefen tafkin yana gefen tsaunuka masu tsawo, zuwa Arewa akwai tsaunuka na Ngorongoro, yayin da a Gabas da Kudu maso Gabas wani fili mai tsawo tare da tsaunuka mai fitattun wuta ya ba da hanya ga wani fili. Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa, rafi, wuraren da ke da ruwa da ƙananan tabkuna, duka na yau da kullun da na yanayi, suna shiga cikin tafkin. Yankin tafkin saline yana karbar bakuncin garin Mto wa Mbu tare da aikin gona na ban ruwa. A gefen Yammacinsa akwai gandun daji na ruwa wanda ke tsakanin bakin tafkin da rift escarpment kuma an rufe shi da mafi yawan National Park har zuwa gandun daji Marang. A cikin kwarin rift Kudancin tafkin ana amfani da manyan ambaliyar kogi don aikin gona na ban ruwa. Yankunan da suka fi dacewa da kuma mafi yawan amfanin gona a duk faɗin wurin ana amfani da su don aikin gona mai ruwan sama ta kabilun daban-daban dangane da ƙaura na tarihi da tsarin sake zama. Ana amfani da savannah masu bushewa da ba a iya tsammani ba don kiwon dabbobi ta makiyaya (musamman Maasai). Kudu maso gabashin LM wani babban kuma sanannen wurin shakatawa na kasa (Tarangire) yana nan. Bugu da ƙari, a duk faɗin wurin akwai wuraren ajiyar wasanni da yawa, wuraren kiyayewa, wuraren ajiyar gandun daji, wuraren kula da namun daji da ƙauyuka da yawa da kayan aikin yawon bude ido (hanyoyi, gidaje da sansanonin tanti). Barazanar da kariya Tafkin Manyara an kare shi a cikin Lake Manyara National Park kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin tanzanian, UNESCO Man da Biosphere reserves guda bakwai. Tsarin zamantakewar muhalli na tafkin Manyara yana fama da matsalolin muhalli da yawa saboda rashin amfani da ƙasa da ruwa. Tafkin Manyara ya sami hanyar hawa gaba ɗaya a cikin ƙimar sedimentation a cikin shekaru 120 da suka gabata tare da tsaunuka daban-daban a cikin shekarun 1960 da 2010. Karin ƙimar sedimentation galibi sakamakon mu'amala ce mai rikitarwa tsakanin karuwar rushewar ƙasa bayan canje-canjen rufe ƙasa da sauye-sauyen ruwan sama na halitta. Kifi Babban nau'in kifin da ke zaune a tafkin shine kifin kifi da tilapia. Akwai ƙaramin kifi, amma ana samun kifi ne kawai a kusa da wuraren da ake shigowa da su, inda yawan gishiri ya yi ƙasa. Tafkin Manyara shine nau'in yanki na kifin Oreochromis amphimelas, wani nau'i ne na dangin cichlid, wanda ke da alaƙa zuwa Tanzaniya, wanda aka samu a tafkin Manyara da sauran tafkunan salin da ke da rufaffiyar kwano. An haramta yin amfani da shi a sassan tafkin Manyara a cikin gandun dajin na kasa kuma wuraren da aka karewa suna ba da mahimmancin iri don cike da yawan kifaye. Tsuntsaye Lake Manyara National Park sananne ne ga garken dubban flamingos waɗanda ke ciyar da gefen tafkin a lokacin damina. A wasu lokuta, an sami sama da mutane miliyan 2 na nau'ikan tsuntsayen ruwa daban-daban. The following table summarizes the most numerous species, according to the Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lake Manyara. Ziyartar Lake Manyara Ana iya samun damar tafkin Manyara ta hanyar Lake Manyara National Park. Tare da ƙofar shiga mai ninki biyu azaman hanyar fita, hanyar da ke cikin wurin shakatawa shine madaidaicin madauki wanda jeep zai iya wucewa cikin sa'o'i kaɗan. Hanyoyi suna bi ta cikin dazuzzukan daji da kuma marsh, kafin su isa gabar tafkin. Rift Valley escarpment yana ba da kyan gani. Daga garin Mto wa Mbu da ke kusa, ta hanyar shirin yawon bude ido na al'adu, ana iya shirya tafiyar kwale-kwale a tafkin, ko kuma balaguron kamun kifi don koyon hanyoyin kamun kifi na gargajiya. Hakanan ana iya shirya tafiye-tafiyen keke zuwa gabas da tafkin. Manazarta