Tajikistan

Tajikistan（塔吉克） Gaga kska Yacow ka Tajikistan, 39 00 N, 71 00 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 144,100 sq km（hangan na o Tg96） (knlbanga dxgal o 141,510 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 2,590 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 8,330,946 hiyi. Gaga Dushanbe ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 9 idas 9 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Tajikistan ga wada sugan 34.70% ka dxgal qpahan, 2.90% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 62.40% na. Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Emomali Rahmon, pnaah hngkawas1994 idas 11 jiyax 16pnrajing kmlawa klwaan. cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ Tajikistan（塔吉克） Dacik konghkuo ( kari Dacik : Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон；Eyu : Республика Таджикистан ), thnganan Dacik, alang congya uri, nniq Afuhan、Ucpeyk、Citcis ni pska Conghua jnming konghkuo, nniq alang Congya ni congkuo ida ciway bi knlaban dxgal dha. Ris(歷史) Pusu pntasan : endaan Dacil Kingal sjiqan sbiyaw ka Seejiq Dacik. · Brah kongyueyn 6 sci dhuq brah 4 sci, nAjimeynittikuo； · Brah kongyueyn 3 sci dhuq brah 2 sci, nYarisanta silatikuo – Paktriya wangkuo ni Badiyatikuo； · Kongyueyn 1 – 4 sci, nIsuan wangjaw； · Kongyueyn 4 – 6 sci, nYeyntatikuo； · Kongyueyn 224 – hngkawas 651, nBossasan wangjaw · Kongyueyn 661 – hngkawas 750, nUmay wangcaw · Koyueyn 750 – hngkawas 1258, nApas wangjaw ； · 9 sci dhuq 11 sci, nDasir wangjaw ni Saman wangjaw, kika pnsupu alang Dacik. · 13asci, gaga qhlangan sejiq Tadan Mongkutikuo； · 14 sci dhuq 15 sci, n Deymurtikuo ka pqlahan； · Kndadax 16 sci, msupu Puhalahankuo； · Kndadax hngkawas 1868, thiyan daya ka Ekuo； · Bukuy 19 sci, hunac hraan ni Jongring ( Cccow ka sayang ) mnduwa ka dxgal jingjaw han, gaga sblxan Eluostikuo. Hngkawas 1912, conghuamingkuo peyyancnfu o hraan hidaw “bnjh” Bamirkawyueyn ngalan dha gqiyan hidaw bi congkuo； · Hngkawas 1919, phiyu pklawa alang Suweyay kana ka alang. jiyax 14 idas 10 hngkawas 1924, pnhiyu Daciksuweyay shueycui cckonghkuo, nUcpeyk. Idas 10 hngkawas 1929, pnhiyu Daciksuweyay shueycui konghkuo, msupu Sureyn； · Hngkawas1990, prngaw kari patas pnatas. jiyax 9 idas 9 hngkawas 1991, rmngaw enpurux nanaq, tnghangan Dacik konghkuo, jiyax 21 idas 12 mntna hngkawas msupu trikuosey； · Idas 5 hngkawas1992 mrudu ka ruwan alang, idas 6 hngkawas 1997 ppatas nkari thturaka psbu. Lnglingay(地理) Gaga nniq hunac hraan hidaw Congya ka klwaan dha, knlaban ka 143100 bingfangkongri. “ santickuo” ka thnganan dha, wada niqan 93% knlaban ka dgiyaq. msngri Mdka alang o 3000 mi ka knboeqah,wana 7% ka ini tuku dun qpah. Ismeyr.Suomonifong Bamirkawyueyn ga kika bowqah bi kana klwaan, 7495 mi ka knboqah. Kana huda dgiyaq wada msqsiya siida, kika knkingal knkingal wada psaw yayung ini thtur. Muxun ka karac Talu, paru ka ini pntna；pnyuxan quyux kingal hngkwasan o 150〜700 hawmi. Pkkan quwaq sndxgal(領土爭議) Pqtaan : Bamirkawyueyn Nniq jingjaw jyueynsn siida, jingjaw ka kmlawa kana alang Bamirkawyueyn, hngkawas 1890 siida, ppatas Ingeseyting ka EIng dha klwaan hini, kika Ingkuo ka mangan Wahanbamir, Ekuo ka mangan daya. sayang o wana hraan hidaw sdhrus o Congkuotalu ka qmlahan, kkana ka nDacik, wana Wahanbamir ka nAfuhan. Gaga pnhiyu ka Conghuamingkuo do,yasa psbu mrudu siida, Bamirkawyueyn o dhuq hici ida ini pqhlangi. Binaw Conghuamingkuo cnfu dhuq hici bnjh gqiyan hidaw Bmirkawyueyn o sqita gqiyan hidaw bi Congkuo. Nniq 1960 neyntay jngming konghkuo ni Afuhanh ppatas patas gayus, wada sruwa malax Wahangbamir. 1990 neyntay kurux ka Dacik, nniq pnatas patas siida wada malax alang daya Bamir uri, Congkuo cisiteyn mquri hraan hidaw dhuq sayan ka nniqan dha. Congkuo ni Dacik nniq jiyax 27 idas 4 hngkawas 2010 pnpatas “Conghua jnming konghkuo ni Dacik konghkuo cnfu pnpatas saw kgayus dha alang dha” Dafan ka wada kmlawa 1158 bingfangkongri kgayus ska. idas 1 hngkawas 2011, iyux pkmalu dha Conghua jnming konghkuo quri pkgluk dxgal,pgaaw patas ka Dacikihuey dmayaw Conghua jnmingkonghkuo maxal kbkuy bingfangkori dxgal, wana mangan niqan cikuh 3% knlaban cikuh ka dxgal. Dacik waycyaw pucan Carifey o saw dxgal nii bqanan tnhangan Dacik ka kingal saw embiyax ka waycyaw, yasa brah suxan ka Congkuo rmngaw saw 2 kbuhug 8 maxal kbkuy bingfang kongri o dmuy pusu biyax dxgal ka Dacik.binaw, ini au lnglungan ka seejiq pdudu niqan ini au ka sqita na, uuda saw nii so ini au seynfa kisa, ida Dacik nanaq ka pklawa dxgal hini uri. Jiyax 20 idas 9 hngkawas 2011, Conghua jnming konghkuo ni Dacik konghkuo peynfanputuey ririh nniq Bamir kawyueyn congfang tg75 ka ceyjyuenju muda congdasing puuda gaya tgayus klwaan. Singcng cyuhwa(行政區劃) Pusu pntasan : gneayus mklawa Dacik Kana klwaan ga sugan tru cow、kingal jyu、kingal csyas. kana cow ni congyang csyajyu o sugan 62 jyu （raions）、14 jyucis ni dha ka hukumat. Pusu brnux paru alang duma(其他重要城市) · Hatlongcow o Aywac（Айвадз） o Пянй Пянй o Wahan o Suknang o Farhuo o Шаартуз Шаартуз § Ноҳияҳои тобеи Ҷумҳурии Ноҳияҳои тобеи Ҷумҳурии § Вилояти Суғд Вилояти Суғд § Вилояти Хатлон Вилояти Хатлон · Гарм Гарм ПархарПархар Cingci(經濟) Pusu pntasan: Kana Sureyn stay Tongo ni Congya kana cyamongkuo kika mqrinuc bi ka klwaan Dacik. dhuq sayang Dacik o saw Congya tijyu ida mqrinuc bi ka Dacik uri. kana ngngalan ruwan klwaan Dacik ( bnbrigan ) hngkawas 2006 wana saw wada niqan 80% ka hngkawas 1990. pusu ngngalan o nongyey ni syumuyey, lalih hngkwasan o lyuyoyey ka wada mrana. Cngc(政治) Dic(體制) Jiyax 6 idas 11 hngkawas 1994, Dacik ga mnda jyueynmin kocyuey o wada srwaun murux do kika nii ka tgkingal syenfa dha, kndadax brah nii pryuxan Congdongc ka panCongdongc,sdngusun o phiyu mingcu、fac、ssu klwaan. qbsuran klwaan ka Congdong、cnfu sonaw ni dongsuway psaping klwaan, kndadax kana seejiq ka pgaaw,knkawas 7 ka qpahun dha. ana saw nii, mingcuctu Dacik ga yasa cnfu dha o snqaya cnc ini tduwa kiya, murux dhuq sayan ka Dacik bsiyaq bi ka knkawas kika mingcu csu krinah mlih saw 2.0, kika ntujay cndi. Seynfa(憲法) Jiyax 26 idas 9 hngkawas 1999, mnda jyueynming kongcyuey wada srwaun singseynfa, idas 11 hngkawas 1994 wada priyuxan ka seynfa. gaya singseynfa : nniq Da phiyu ssu、mingcu、fackuocya；puda Congdongc；kuocya yueynso ka Congdong、cnfu sonaw ni dongsuay, kndadax kana seejiq ka asi pgaaw, epitu knkawas ka qpahun dha, tduwa plutuc mnkingal. Paru bi ihuey ka “Macirisi. Auri”, kika ryanyueync kuocyaihuey, kika paru bi klwaan ririh cikuan ni rifacikuan. Sangyueyn ka “mingcuyueyn”, syayueyn ka “ Macirisi. Namoyantakong” ( ririh hueyi ). Sangyueyn o niqan 33 seejiq ka iyueyn, kska o kndadax Suoktcow ( Ningnapatcow ka brah han )、Hatlongcow、Krnuo-Pathsancccow、Congyancsujyu ni Sangpeys hini ga kgalang o pgaaw rima seejiq,sngari maspac seejiq Congdong ka asi snkagun, rima kngkawas ka pqpah. Dakuo Congdong ka sangyueyn iyueyn dhuq biyaw. pusu qpahun iyueyn o :dungus、priyux、malax gneayus mklawa klwaan ；pnaah tnkari Congdong kika pgaaw ni laxan ka sieynfa fayueyn ueyncang、fuyueyncang、paru bi fayueyn yueyncang、fuyueyncang、congceynjacang、fucongceynjacang dnii. Phyugan 63 isi ka syayueyn, kska na o 41 ka pgaaw kntaxa alang o kndadax syueynming ka pgaaw,22 o kndadax tangbay pgaawhmrinas 5% ka pngaaw patas o kika dhiya ka pgaaw, rima kngkawas ka qpahun. Pusu qpahun syayueyn ga : spuun phiyu ka pgaaw ni jyueynming kongcyuey ueyyueynhuey ；kika faryujawan ka piyah jyueynming ；srwaun ka ngngalang hbangan klwaan ni smulu knlaban sehuey；srwaun ka mangan ni tduwa knbarux pila klwaan；srwaun ka Congdongring dnii. Smalu patas sapah qhlangan(政府) Jiyax 30 idas 11 hngkawas 2006,, pnpatas nkari ka Lahmongcongdong, kndadax 27 ka puwey snpuan sapah qhlangan o wada lihun 17, phiyu nanaq kingal 13 ka sapah qhlangan csucikow. Sfacikow smalu patas(司法機構) Kkana seynfa、paru bi fayueyn、paru bi cingcifayueyn、cyusfayueyn、congceynjayueyn、cyunsceynjayueyn ni kgfayueyn alang ni ceynjayueyn. Cntang smalu patas(政黨) Prajing idas 8 hngkawas 1999 ini qbsiyaq kgayaw ucuan ka Dacik reynhfantueybay, quri saw ini psrwai puuda uuda ka fantueybay cntang ga wada srwaun Daciksfapu,jiyax 26 idas 9 Dacik ga spuda na jyueynming kongcyuey wada srwaun priyux ka uuda seynfa siida kkana srwaun phiyu cocyaw singc uuda cntang. Pusu sayan niqan maspac ka cntang :pnlalay tnhangan jnmingtang ka jnming mingcutang, idas 6 hngkawas 1997 pryuxan tnghangan jnming mingcutang. Dacik kongjantang : pnhyugan hngkawas 1924, kika pusu o : puda msupu pshuya mkala ka sehuey, puda saw kkray kuoyo ni kongyoc kana ckayk, phiyu quri saw sehuey ·, sblaiq kndusan seejiq, dungus dmuy biyax ka seejiq、cyo ni kana saw knlaban. Israngcyaw fusingtang : pnhyugan idas 10 hngkawas 1990. pusu pnuda phiyu ka cncyawhi klwaan Israngcyaw, mntna hiya puda muru kana gaya kuodi kika sun saw ssuc sensing kuocya seyngfa. pusu sehuey kaytang nniq nongjyuen. psbu ka Dacik do,· kika ucuan reynh fangtueybay hsing ka kaytang, gaga qrapan idas 6 hngkawas 1993. idas 8 hngkawas 1999 nniq fangtueybay soring Nuri rmngaw malax ucuang do, wada srwaun ka uuda kaytang. Wada saw niqan 2.5 kbuhug ka tangyueyn sayan. cusi ka Myo.Ci. Gapiri. Idas 6 hngkawas 1996 ka sehueytang. puda sehuey bingtn, pawcan jngjyueyn, kingal nanaq ka pnuda congsyajn lawtongce.cusi brah Sa.Gncyayeyfu ( yueynihueyfac ni jnjyueyn weyyueynhuey cusi ) nniq idas 8 hngkawas 1999 wada midan btaqan, Se.Gncyayeyfu ka mrih cusi. Idas 8 hngkawas 2004, kaytang wada kghak kika “Narciyeyfubay” ni “Cyafaruofubay”, phili bi ini au uuda ka dha bay nii. “ cyafaruofubay” sehueytang nniq sfapu wada srwaun ppatas. Wada niqan 5 maxal kbkuy ka tangyueyn sayan. Pnhyugan idas 3 hngkawas 1998 ka sehuey mingcu tang. puda saw iyux mntna ka sehuey, saw ini smriq、sparu mita seejiq ni qmlahan seejiq, klaban lnglungan sehueymungcu, Fac kuocya ni tuotangc. Cusi a. Cuoiruofu （Р.Зоиров）. wada saw niqan 5 maxal kbkuy tangyueyn ka syan. Idas 9 hngkawas 2005 cingcikayktang nniq Tusanpey ka pnhyugan, jiyax 28 idas 10 hngkawas siida nniq Dasfapu pnpatas hfacntang. ppkala qqpahan sapah qhlangan kaytang, iyux prana tnkari congsyawjiyey；ini tduwa puda dutisyohua, muda nanaq kndadax klwaan ka muda cyueyn dxgal. Nniq idas 8 hngkawas 1990 pnhyugan ka mingcutang. kika congc o iyux phiyu damingcu sehuey, pawcan kongming cyo ni cnccingci jyueynri. prajing Mrudu ka ruwan do rmngaw sa ini au ka uuda.idas 9 Hngkawas 1994 kghak ka dmayaw cnfu “Tlangbay” ni iniau sapah qhlangan “ Alamudu bay”. cusi Isgantaluofu idas 10 hngkawas 2005 paru bi fayueyn ga muda smiisug uuda dnii musa phmuk kngkawas 23.· Idas 4 hngkawas 2006 mingcutang neypu phyugan ka Matsu. Suopiluofu ka pdudun、jingseyn cnjyueyn ka “ Cukuo” tangduan. Sfapu o prajil ppatas ni srwaun ka kaytang hfa cusi. Jiyax 1 idas 10 hngkawas 2005 nniq Tusanpey phyugan ka nongyeytang, jiyax 15 idas 11 hngkawas siida nniq Dasfapu ppatas patas hfacntang. Pnegluban kuoci smmalu patas(國際關係) Msdangi hari Ekuo ka Dacik, binaw yasa dha Ucpeyk ni Eluos niqan ka snayus dxgal kika ini dha hari tduwa qmita ka.kika sblaiq bi ka pnegluban dha Ilang ni Congkuo. Yasa bsiyaq ka qhlangan Sureyn, nniq sehuey sida skari kari ni matas ida skari Ekuo ka pusu dha, Sureyn ceydi do kari Dacik prajing dha skari ni sprun dha qmita. malu bi ka pnegluban dha Ilang sayan, dmayaw Ilang msupu sanghay hcuocuc. seejiq Dacik nniq Ucpeyk Samarhan ni Puhala o wada naban ka ssjiqan dha, binaw wada biqan Ucpeyk Sureyn, kiya ka kiyani seejiq Dacik knttu knparu rmngaw ngalung dha ka snit ni dxgal dha sbiyaw. Dacik ga nniq Amuh cryo Wahsh （Vakhsh River）phiyu sliyan qsiya pniqan deynki, kika wada snqaya jjiyan qsiya qnpahan Ucpeyk, kika wada lihun ka kndadax Ucpeyk piyah jjilun deynki ka Dacik . Jnko(人口) Hngkawas 2000 ssjiqan Dacik ga kana o niqan 612.7 kbuhug seejiq, niqan 86 ka mingcu, Dacikcu （80%）, Ucpeykcu （15.3%）、Bamircu、Circiscu、Eluoscu、Tadancu、Uklangcu、Ticcu dnii ka hbaraw hari ka ciway mingcu. Dacik o tgkingal mnusa Eluoshua Congyakuocya Congya uri. Cungyaw(宗教) Pusu pnatas: Pusu pnrhulan Dacik Israngcyaw. Jnjyueyn smmalu patas(人權) Singyuencyo smmalu patas(新聞自由) Kndadax hngkawas 1990 dhuq hngkawas 2001 ka Dcik mnda egu ka paqan cice uxay uri o wada midan, wada malu hari ka can Dacik sayan, binaw gisu prtun bi ka siyuencyo na. Meydi smmalu patas(媒體) Kndadax hngkawas 2003 Dacik prajing mhtur sapah qhlangan sriyueynsu klwaan wangciwanglu scyawwancan. Youtube[編輯] Youtube smmalu patas Idas 7 hngkawas 2012, Dacikcyunfang ni yocituey nniq Huoluoks wada ini au, YouTube ga prajing ini tduwa ssaan smiling. . Kndadax hngkawas 2014 wada bi hmkun kana ka wangcan Youtube. Facebook[編輯] Facebook smmalu patas Ldas 11 hngkawas 2012, syukan ka Aymomari. Lahmong Congdong ni kana nkari kuanyueyn, hmkan Dacik ka Facebook. Ceyj smmalu patas(節日) Gaga htran cnfu psqaras sntancey Dcik ka sjiqan. Gaya sntrngan cyo ni nyujyueyn smmalu patas(婚姻自由與女權) Mssu uuda na ka Dacik, ida niqan saw mstrun brah siida asi ka ini khmuc saw nii ka gaya, mstrun brah siida ka qrijil ga asi ka musa kuanfancikow pqita hiyi ya ini knhmuc hug.Hngkawas 2017 kingal 24 kngkawas snaw Dacik rmngaw sa pstrngun na ka 18 kngkawas qrijil o yasa wada ruciq ka hiyi na da, ana mntru mnsa pqita hiyi na ka qrijil ada ka ini knhmuc o binaw ida plaxan snaw ni mangan taxa qrijil duri, yasa shngayan dha ka qrijil do kika musa nanaq pstuq hngak. Dnbari ssjiqan smmalu patas(人口販賣) Pnaah feykuangfang ka snpu, sayang niqan llih maxal kbkuy ka qrijil Circis gaga ssaan bnbari sbuking alang Congtong, Circis o ida bnbari qrijil Dacik ni Ucpeyk dsun klwaan nganguc ida alang dha ka pusu bi. Skrtan ka alang sehueycingci、wada puuka ka qpahun、ungac brahan ni musa knpah ising klwaan kika niqan saw nii bnbari hiyi qrijil ssjiqan pusu na ka Circis. Cyawtung(交通) Yasa ini bi dungus ka nniqan Dacik kika naqih bi ppanan dha, alang dgiyaq Bamirkawyueyn o krinah ini tduwa mrana ka ppanan ni ddaun kgelu. Pas smmalu patas(巴士) Ukueyteynje smmalu patas(無軌電車) Nniq pusu paru alang Tusag niqan kingal ka ukueyteynje sidong. Ppanan sapah skaya smmalu patas(航空) Niqan kingal ka ppanan hanggongkongs Dacik, pusu ka kuocihangseyn. Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料) CIA 外交部 List of current heads of state and government https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/塔吉克斯坦（參考自中文維基百科）