Madatsar ruwan Merowe

Madatsar ruwan Merowe, wanda aka fi sani da Merowe High Dam, Merowe Multi-Purpose Hydro Project ko Hamdab Dam, babban madatsar ruwan ne kusa da garin Merowe a arewacin Sudan, kimanin kilomita 350 (220 arewacin babban birnin Khartoum . Girmansa ya sa ya zama aikin samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a Afirka. Tana kan Kogin Nilu, kusa da kuma ambaliyar ruwa ta 4th Cataract inda kogin ya kasu kashi da yawa karami rassa tare da manyan tsibirai a tsakanin. Merowe birni ne mai nisan kilomita 40 (25 daga wurin gini a Hamdab . Babban manufar gina madatsar ruwan ita ce samar da wutar lantarki. Bayani game da fasaha Dam din yana da tsawon kimanin kilomita 9 (5.6 da tsawo har zuwa mita 67 (220 . Ya ƙunshi madatsar ruwa mai cike da dutse a kowane bakin kogi (madatsar ruwa ta dama ita ce mafi girman bangare na aikin, tsawon kilomita 4.3 da tsayi 53m; bankin hagu yana da tsawon mita 1590 da tsayi 50), mita 883 (2,897 -tsawon mita 67 (220 - babban madatsar ruwan ƙasa (babban madatsar) a cikin tashar kogi ta hagu, da kuma Rashin ruwa mai rai a cikin tashwar kogi ta dama (slu, hanyar zubar ruwa da kuma madatsar da madatsar wutar lantarki ta mita 300). Ya ƙunshi tafkin 12.5 cubic kilometres (10,100,000 acre⋅ft) , ko kuma kusan 15% na kwararar shekara-shekara ta Nilu na 84 cubic kilometers (68,000,000 ·ft); matakin tafkin da aka nufa yana da mita 300 sama da matakin teku, tare da matakin Nilu a cikin madatsar ruwan yana da kimanin mita 265. An shirya tafkin don fadada kilomita 174 (108 daga sama. Gidan wutar lantarki Gidan wutar lantarki yana sanye take da Turbines na Francis guda goma 125 (168,000 , kowannensu an tsara shi don ƙimar fitarwa ta mita 300 a kowace dakika, kuma kowannensu yana tuka janareta 150 MVA, 15 kV synchronous. Masu tsarawa suna sa ran samar da wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara na 5.5 terawatt-hours (20 PJ) , wanda ya dace da matsakaicin nauyin 625 megawatts (838,000 hp) hp), ko 50% na nauyin da aka kiyasta. Don amfani da ƙarin ƙarfin ƙarni, za a inganta wutar lantarki ta Sudan kuma a faɗaɗa ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin, tare da kusan kilomita 500 (310 na sabon layin watsa iska na 500 kV a Dajin Bayudah Desert zuwa Atbara, ci gaba zuwa Omdurman / Khartoum, da kuma kusan kilomita 1,000 (620 na layin 220 kV zuwa gabas zuwa Port Sudan da yamma tare da Nilu, suna haɗawa da Merowe, Dabba da Dongola. Shirye-shiryen da gini Tunanin madatsar ruwan Nilu a karo na 4 ya tsufa sosai. Hukumomin Anglo-Masar Sudan sun ba da shawarar sau da yawa a farkon rabin karni na 20. Ya kamata ya daidaita manyan sauye-sauyen kwararar Nilu na shekara-shekara, ya haifar da yiwuwar girma auduga da samar da kariya daga ambaliyar ruwa ga ƙananan kwarin Nilu. Bayan Sudan ta sami 'yancin kai a 1956, Masar ta yanke shawarar sarrafa kwararar ruwan Nilu wanda ya kai yankinta ta hanyar gina madatsar ruwa da ƙirƙirar tafki - madatsar ruwan Aswan da Tafkin Nasser. Gwamnatin soja ta Sudan a karkashin Shugaba Nimeiri ta farfado da shirin a shekarar 1979, yanzu tare da niyyar samar da wutar lantarki don karuwar bukatar Sudan. Shekaru goma masu zuwa sun ga masana'antu na kasa da kasa da ofisoshin tsarawa suna aiki, suna samar da jimlar nazarin yiwuwar guda huɗu [1 - Coyne et Bellier, 1979 / Gibb, Merz & McLellan, GB, 1983 / Sweco, SE, 1984 / Monenco Consultants Ltd., CA, 1989]. Koyaya, rashin isasshen kuɗi da rashin sha'awar masu saka hannun jari ya dakatar da aikin a matakin tsarawa. Wannan ya bayyana ya canza sosai tun lokacin da kasar ta fara fitar da mai a cikin adadin kasuwanci a cikin shekarun 1999/2000. Ingantaccen bashi ya kawo kwararar saka hannun jari na kasashen waje, kuma an sanya hannu kan kwangila don gina abin da yanzu ake kira aikin madatsar ruwan Merowe a cikin 2002 da 2003. Manyan 'yan kwangila sune: China International Water & Electric Corp., China National Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Corp. (ginin madatsar ruwa, ayyukan hydromechanical) Lahmeyer International (Jamus - tsarawa, gudanar da aikin, aikin injiniya) Alstom (Faransa - janareto, turbines) Kamfanin Injiniyan Wutar Lantarki na Harbin, Kamfanin Yankin Jilin Transmission da Substation Project Company (duka China - fadada tsarin watsawa) A lokacin da aka sanya hannu kan kwangilar, madatsar ruwan Merowe ita ce aikin kasa da kasa mafi girma da masana'antar kasar Sin ta taba shiga ciki. An fara karkatar da kogi da aiki a kan madatsar ruwa a farkon shekara ta 2004. An rufe tashar kogin hagu a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2005; jadawalin aikin ya tsara tafkin don farawa a tsakiyar shekara ta 2006 kuma na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko don shiga kan layi a tsakiyar shekara a shekara ta 2007. An kaddamar da madatsar ruwan a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2009, a wannan lokacin tafkin ya cika kuma duk ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki a kan layi. Manazarta