Cyusing dxgal quri tgtruma

South Korea (南韓) Gaga kska Yacow ka Korea, south, 37 00 N, 127 30 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 99,720 sq km (hangan na o Tg109) (knlbanga dxgal o 96,920 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 2,800 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 50,924,172 hiyi. Gaga Seoul ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 15 idas 8 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Korea, south ga wada sugan 18.10% ka dxgal qpahan, 63.90% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 18% na. Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Hwang Kyo-ahn, pnaah hngkawas2016 idas 12 jiyax 9pnrajing kmlawa klwaan. cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ Hankoku (韓國) Hangan qnlhangan (國名) Pusu tyawmu: Han (splawa) Tahanminkoku ka pusa kari u dhiya ka murux muru way mndungus bay cngcweyn, dyiya nanaq tmhangan dhiya pa “Hankoku” (한국), mnangal hangan ncbiyaw Sanhan, ngalan dha “Peyhan” ka Coseyng mincu cuyi jnmin konghekwo (북한); Coseyng mincu cuyi jnmin konghekwo uri pa pusa kari u dhiya ka murux muru way mndungus bay cngcweyn, dyiya nanaq tmhangan dhiya pa “Coseyng” (조선), kiya mi splawa dha “Tuhunac Coseyng” ka Tahanminkwo, (남조선). Cyoka jnmin konghekwo ka mniq kngkawas 1992 tuhuy Hankoku cyeyncyaw brah han pa, ida dha ngalan Coseyng mincu cuyi jnmin konghekwo ka murux muru way mndungus bay cngcweyn, ini dha srwani murux mndungus qnlhangan ka Tahan Minkwo, splawa dha “Tuhunac Coseyng”; beytaq kngkawas 1992 cida wada cyeyncyaw ka ddha qnlhangan niyi daw, kiya hana dmuwi “Hankoku” lmawa. Rikisi (歷史) Pusu tyawmu: Rikisi Coseyng pantaw mi rikisi Tahanminkoku. Psanak qmlahang brah cida ka Tuhunac Hankoku mi Tudaya Coseyng (南北韓分治前) Spuda kawku mkla, mniq cbiyaw bay cida pa tna niqan sediq mniq Coseyng pantaw. Heyori Syangyeyncyun Pingjang, Congcingnantaw kongco Scwangri mi hniti nniqan Mayeynri, Congcinpeytaw Sangsri lmutuc sndiyal ptura Smudal btasil jiday Coseyng pantaw tuhunac mi tudaya pa to bay niqan sediq mniq kana. Rikisi Coseyng pantaw pa pnrdingan bay qnlhangan pnwaya pquli ka Cbiyaw bay Coseyng. Kngkawas 1932 cida, cyangkun Kawri Ricngkuy ka pspaux Kawri cngcweyn knpriyux Yeyn phiyu qnlhangan, hangan rikisi u “Coseyng wangcaw”. Muru snhiyan Jucyaw qmlangan qnlhangan ka Coseyng wangcaw, Jucya ssyang ka rmirih Bukyo sndhu qqlahang dha qnkhangan. Scong tawang ccida, keyjay wangcaw, bungka, cyunsu, keci mi knkana uuda u wada kndudul mrana kana. Yeynwenw ka bnrnahan dha pa kiya ka wada psbalay bay bungka knkana dsediq qnlhangan uri. Babaw psnakan qmlahang ka Tuhunac Hankoku mi Tudaya Coseyng daw, wada muda snpusal mincu mi tucay qmlahang ka Hangkoku. Tukingal konghekwo u mniq Ricngwan tucay qmlahang kiya, dhuq kngkawas 1960 cida wada pspuruq ka 419 keming, kiya ka phiyu mincu ka Tudha konghekwo. Nniqan lnlingay (地理) Pusu tyawmu: Lnlingay Hankoku. Hangkoku pa wa mniq tunarac daya Asia na tuhunac Coseyng pantaw, mkngahu ucilung ka turu lingay tndxral dha, tudaya u mslutuc tndxral Coseyng, tuiril u niqan Ucilung Mcayis mi mksipaw dha Cyokoku, tunarac mi tunarac hunac pa niqan Ucilung Tunarac mi msdalih Tanah Tunux, kana bay knrbangan tndxral u 10 knbkiyan pinghwang kongri, ya bay 45% knkana knlbangan pantaw. Lipax lnlingay (地貌) Nniqan lnlingay Hankoku pa tudaya u baraw mi tuhunac u ruma, tunarac u baraw mi tuiril u ruma, kcka na hiya pa 2/3 ka lmiqu. Kndadax tudaya prading dwiyaq Hwangrong msdurux tunarac mkngahu ucilung na dwiyaq tudu Taypay ka knbbaraw bay dwiyaq tudu Hankoku, knbrawan niya pa 500km, pndkanan ka knbaraw dwiyaq u 1000m, kiya ka wada sndhu Han pantaw tuhunac na tudu. Alaw buwan mneyras ucilung tunarac, dwiyaq tudu Taypay tunarac u ddoras katu mi bbtasil tiping taw, uka hari ddoran mi kkatu ka tuiril mi tuhunac, niqan mbbrnux mi ou msdalih ucilung tawyu mi tiping kangwan. Wa mniq tudaya tudu ddwiyaq Taypay ka dwiyaq Sweyyey ka tubaraw bay tuhranan hidaw lmiqu Hankoku, knbaraw niya u 1708 m, alaw dudux dwiyaq pa kngkawas u 5~6 idas ka bungan huda kiya ka niqan bay hhangan niya. Kcka Tudu ddwiyaq Tapay pa mhiyu 5 mntna kvbaraw ddwiyaq wada splawa Utaysan, knbaraw na bay ddwiyaq ka Huyruhong haypa 1563 m.Alaw lipax lnlingay Hankoku, yayung Hankoku pa to bay kndadax tudaya mquri tuhunac mi uxay daw kndadax tuhranan hidaw mquri tupryaxan hidaw qluhuy quri ucilung. Rotongcyang ka knbeyhing bay yayung Kankoku, speyyah tudaya tudu ddwiyaq Taypay mquri Tacyo dhuq tuhunac Husan mquri ucilung Tahan, knbbaraw u 525 km. Knbbaraw Hancyang u 514 km ka tudha knbeyhing yayung Hankoku. Mmuda sotu Hankoku Soar ka Hancyang u kndadax cbiyaw pa kiya ka pkrana knudus dha kndusanseyng sediq Hankoku. Kkarac (氣候) Hankoku pa kkarac mnwentay tarusing hhuriq mi hujetay hhuriq. Tnkawas pa tura bay ka srwasaw, rbawan, krpuhan, misan, llbu ka diyax ssrwasaw mi kkrpuhan; rrbawan u mtilux bay mi hhriqan; mmisan u mskuy mi kndnguwan. Rrbawan ka Hankoku u to bay hmrinas 30℃ ka kntlxan karac kana nniqan. Mskuy ka karac mmisan. Tukcka nniqan kskuy bay karac u kndhuq -20℃ knskuy niya. Soar u pnsdkanan niya idas kingal knskuy ka kngkawas karac pa 7℃ dhuq 1℃. Soar u idas 8 cida pnsdkanan na kntlxan karac u 22℃ dhuq 30℃. Nniqan tuhunac mkngahu ucilung na kntlxan mmisan u mtilux hari kiya, kiya u nniqan tukcka lmiqu u mskuy bay ka karac. Cuyeyn ida nkiya (自然資源) Kari bay kluwanan kwangcan cuyeyn niya ka Hankoku, binaw niqan bnrihan na kmari ka kwangwu pa tikuh bay. Pusu bay kongyey yeynryaw u sntama cinko, pnyahan dha nanaq ka 10% balay. Alaw ini ttuku ka babaw congsngtay haysyang cnci, beytaq say aka Hankoku pa ini sdiyal qnpahan gasoring. Pusu bay nengyeyn kwangcan ka mey uka qrngun, binaw tikuh ka snkuwan dha. Pusu balay knou snkuwan dha ka Hankoku pa king, giying, tong, mu, cyeyn, sin, mey, wu, ti, si. Snkuwan dha uxay xxiluy kluwanan kwangwu Hankoku pa mndungus balay. Btunux congcing, yunmu, btunux yun mi dxral kawring ka ou bay snkuwan dha. Horicu (法律) Pusu tyawmu: Keyngpo Hankoku mi Hoing keyngpo Hankoku. Keyngpo (憲法) Kngkawas 1948 cida, wada pkla tukingal keyngpo kiya mi muru pnwaya keyngpo muda phiyu qnlhangan. Babaw pnhiyu qnlhangan iyax kcka mkmaxal kngkawas, mnuda mn9 snbarah smmalu ka keyngpo Hankoku. Knburah bay keyngpo snbrahan pa mniq kngkawas 1987 na tu6 konghekwo. “Keyngpo Hankoku” pa kiya ka knkana kari pnrdingan, 130 qnay tyawkwan mi 6 ka nmalan pnwaya, pnsnakan ka congkang, biyax mi qqpahun kongmin, kwohuy, seyhu, hoing, hoing keyngpo, qmlahang seyngkyo, qmlahang nanaq tnualang, keyjay mi snburah smmalu keyngpo 10 spuwan, pusu, pusu bay u niqan “pusu biyax sediq qnlhangan”, muru muda “ 3 biyax psnakan” mi “ pnwaya soto congsin”, malan ka biyax mincu sediq qnlhangan, mi muru muda sinsa smliq waya keyngpo pnwaya quri 4 pusu bay bntasan. Kiya mi lxan sngtangan ddaun pa kiya ka knkana pusu biyax sediq qnlhangan, sancweyn hunri, smatang snblayaq mincu tongyi ka tuhunac mi tudaya, smatang snblayaw ka kwoci mi msupu ppwaluk, muru waya qmlahang qnlhangan mi qnlhangan ka seykining pkmalu ddaun qnlhangan mi kndusan sediq qnlhangan. Pnwaya suhwa (司法制度) Pnwaya suhwa Hankoku pa pnspuwan knbaraw hoing, beyhing hoing, keyngpo hoing, kawtng hoing, nniqan hoing mi quri so tukubeycu hoing, kiya u pnwaya mn3 pcahu ka mnhdu pcahu. Seyji (政治) Pusu tyawmu: Seyji Hankoku. Cngti Hankoku u pnsliyan singcng, smmalu waya mi suhwa 3 biyax. Kndadax 20 seyki kngkkawas 60 dhuq saya, wada mndungus bay pkranan mtrawah pnwaya mincu ka Hankoku. Kngkawas 1987 cida, muwaya bay mntxan muda pnstna trawah seyngkyo soto ka Hankoku, wada mqnlhangan tu3 mincuhwa tuhranan hidaw Asia uri. “Cngti curyawci” mi ncupan Amirika Congyang Cingpawcyu na “Mtqiri klwanan kaykwang” pa wada dha ngalan qnlhangan mincu ka Hankoku. Pusu tyawmu: Soto Hankoku, kwowu congri Hankoku mi congyang singcng cikwan Hankoku. Singcng Ciko (行政機構) Singcng pumn muru muda pnwaya soto ka Hankoku, kiya ka pusu bay ticu 3 biyax pnsnakan na Hankoku. Soto Hankoku pa pnhyuwan spuda kana sediq qnlhangan muda sdurux seyngkyo, 5 kngkawas ka diyax snpngan. Alaw muda qndahang ana ima txtaxa qnbsyaqan dmuwi biyax qnlhangan, “keyngpo Hankoku” pa muda smmalu waya naqah muda mndha ka soto. Soto Hankoku u spuda 15 dhuq 30 hiyi sediq pssli kwowu huyyi muda singcngcweyn. Hankoku saya pa congyang singcng cikwan u kiya ka knkana 17 pu, 3 cu, 17 ting, 2 ing, 5 su, 6 ingkay; kana bay u 50 ka ciko. Kngkawas 1988 cida, Hankoku u wada dha sbrahan smmalu ka “waya qqmlahang nanaq ka tunniqan tnualang”; kngkawas 1991 ka mnuda seyngkyo tunniqan gikay; kngkawas 1995 ka mnuda seyngkyo taw cusu mi sucang. Pusu tyawmu: Kwohuy Hankoku. Smmalu waya Ciko (立法機構) Kwohuy Hankoku ka pnwaya kingal yeyn cikwan smmalu waya Hankoku, muru muda pnwaya horicu kasi ka niqan hmrinas 200 hiyi giying ka mssli, mntxan snpngan diyax u 4 kngkawas, kcka hmrinas 80% hiyi giying pa spuda sediq qnlhangan ka muda seyngkyo phiyu, msngari hmrinas 5% hiyi ka giying u spuda pnwaya piri rmirih pnhiyu. Kwohuy ciko Hankoku pa kiya ka taxa hiyi gicyo, 2 hiyi huku gicyo mi lhayan eyngkay. Kwohuy gicyo Hankoku mi huku gicyo pa spuda giying ini pkla hangan muda seyngkyo phiyu, seykining dmudul kaygi kwohuy. Naqah hmrinas 2 kngkawas ka snpngan diyax gicyo. Gicyo mi huku gicyo pa qpahun dha u dukuricu ntumal na cngtang, kiya mi ana uxay kwanyeyn seyhu. Pusu tyawmu: Beyhing hoing Hankoku. Suhwa Ciko (司法機構) Suhwa ciko Hankoku pa dukuricu quri ciko singcng mi smmalu wayaHankoku. Hoing Hankoku u psnakan Beyhing hoing, knbaraw hoing mi knkana llhayan cwanri hoing, tnsapah hoing mi quri kcka singcng hoing na tnualang hoing tu3 kluwanan. Pusu tyawmu: Cngtang Hankoku mi seyngkyo Hankoku. Cngtang mi seyngkyo (政黨與選舉) Muru muda pnwaya knou tang ka Hankoku. Pusu bay cngtang saya pa niqan Nxan tonghetang, Kupu mincutang. Nxan tonghetang mi Kupu mincutang ka ddha knbeyhing bay cngtang Hankoku, dmudul kana seyji Hankoku. Pusu tyawmu: Singcng cyuhwa Hankoku. Singcng cyuhwa (行政區劃) Quri so rikisi, jnwen mi lnlingay pa, Hankoku u luhay psnakan nniqan Kwantong, Sotu cweyn, Tatyeyn cweyn, nniqan Hunan, nniqan Ringnan mi nniqan Cico 6 knbeyhing nniqan. Nniqan Kwantong ka tuhranan hidaw Hankoku nniqan tuhranan hidaw nniqan Takwanring, kiya ka lwanan dha Hankoku Cyangyeyntaw. Nniqan Hunan ka tuhunac Cincyang na lwanan Cweyro nantaw mi Cweyro peytaw. Nniqan Ringnan ka tudu ddwiyaq tiping bhuway na nniqan tuhunac Curing mi Nyawring, kiya ka Cingsang nantaw mi Cingsang peytaw. Tatyeyn cweyn pa kiya ka Congcing nantaw mi Congcin g peytaw. Sotucweyn mi nniqan Cico u psnakan tmiyu Cingcitaw mi Cicotaw. Kana dniyi dnuwi hmrinas 1000 kngkawas ka srngaw nniqan mi tnuayus singcng cyuhwa pa uxay so mntnna balay. Kana qnlhangan Hankoku saya pa psnakan kingal tuku beycu su (특별시), kingal tuku beycu qmlahang nanaq su (특별자치시), 6 ka kwangyu su (광역시), tubaraw 8 niyi u spuda congyang sdurux qmlahang na cusyasu, 8 ka taw (도) mi kingal tuku beycu qmlahang nanaq taw (특별자치도); tubaraw niyi pa ici singcngcyu ka “Kwangyu qmlahang nanaq pnsliyan”, kana bay u niqan 17. Kwangyu qmlahang nanaq pnsliyan trahuc na tudha bnkuwan singcngcyu u lwanan “Mkrdingan qmlahang nanaq pnsliyan” (기초자치단체), knkana bay qnlhangan u niqan 73 ka Qmlahang nanaq su (자치시), 86 ka Cyun (군), 69 ka Nniqan qmlahang nanaq (자치구). Trahuc Mkrdingan qmlahang nanaq pnsliyan pa psnakan Myeyn, Yi, Tong; kiya mi psnakan Ri, Dong mi kntruma na bay ka Pan. Pusu tyawmu: Keyjay Hankoku mi Pnskraya sklwiun Hancyang. Keyjay (經濟) Hankoku ka ntumal 20 qnlhangan uri na mtqiri klwanan pusu cingciti, kiya ka niqan mndungus bay pnwaya sucang cingci na cinghe cucu qnlhangan ikayhwa. Quri so sncan congcu kcka qnlhangan spuda kwoci huyryu smpu pa mniq tu11 bnkuwan mtqiri klwanan, spuda syangtuy biyax mbari cupyaw smpu u tu13 bnkuwan mtqiri klwanan. 4 syawrong Asia uri ka Hankoku, kiya ka kcka nxan 11 qnlhangan murux bay taxa qnlhangan ikayhwa. Kwoci mawyi mniq Hakoku GDP u niqan knbeyhing bay dndulan niya, kiya ka kana nmtqiri klwanan tu7 knbeyhing cuko qnlhangan mi tu7 knbeyhing cinko qnlhangan. Kndadax kngkawas 2002 idas 10 cida tuhuy Curi ppatas pnsdhuwan tukingal mtrawah mawyi syeyting daw, saya u wada lmutuc tuhuy Amirika (Han Mey mtrawah mawyi syeyting), Omong (Han O mtrawah mawyi syeyting), Kanada (Han Ka mtrawah mawyi syeyting), Cyokoku (Cyo Han mtrawah mawyi syeyting) pusu bay qnlhangan mi cingciti ppatas pnsdhuwan mtrawah mawyi syeyting. Keyjay Hankoku ka so snkaya mrana pa lwanan dha “Hancyang pnskraya sklwiun”. Kngkawas 1953 cida, jncyun GNP sediq Hankoku pa wana bay 67 pila Amirika, dhuq kngkawas 2007 daw dhuq 20045 pila Amirika; kiya ka wada muqnlhangan ikayhwa, wada mrana 298 pey. Mniq quri pkranan keyjay na Hankoku pa ini bay qndhqi lmngelung ka mnhdu mccbu Hancan cida. Mkrdingan ssmluwan dha Hankoku pa wada sliqun kcka mccbu Hancan da, hmrinas mk10 kbkuy knbkiyan sediq qnlhangan Hankoku ccida u mniq kcka mqrinuc mi uka qpahun tnbyakan. Kngkawas 1963 cida, Pucngsi ka dmuwi biyax daw, ngalan niya knbeyhing bay ddaun ka pkranan keyjay, spuda kwocing Hankoku prading muda keyjay Hankoku ptrawah 5 kngkawas keykaku. Cinjong (金融) Qntan: Hankoku inhang. Cinjongyey Hankoku pa pnspuwan congyang inhang mi inhang mi uxay inhang cinjongyey na Hankoku. Hankoku inhang ka ngalan congyang inhang seykining muda kbangan cngce Hankoku, kiya mi muda smmalu pila mi pstalang hbangan pila Hankoku. Uxay wana Hankoku inhang nanaq, Hankoku u niqan ou cngcesing inhang, mray so canyey inhang, congsyaw ciyey inhang, sweycan syeyhuy inhang uri na. Pusu bay knkana qnlhangan sangyey inhang Hankoku pa kiya ka knkana Hanya inhang, Kwomin inhang, Yori inhang, Sinhan inhang uri. Kcka niyi u pnhiyu kngkawas 1897 cida ka Sinhan inhang, kiya ka rikisi Hankoku mwaya bay sangyey inhang, kiya mi knbeyhing bay inhang Hankoku saya ka Kwomin inhang. Pnhiyu kngkawas 1897 cida ka Sinhan inhang, kiya ka rikisi Hankoku mwaya bay mincyeyn inhang, wa mniq Soar Hankoku ssiyaw tuhunac beyhing rhngun ka congpu niya. Hankoku cyawyiso (lxan kari u KRX) ka murux bay cngcweyn cyawyiso Hankoku, wa phyuwan Husan Kwangyu su Hankoku ka congpu niya, kngkawas 2005 idas 1 cida pnneyyah pnspuwan phiyu Hankoku cngcweyn cyawyiso (KSE), Hankoku cihwo cyawyiso (KOFEX) mi Hankoku cwangyeypan sucang (KOSDAQ), kiya mi pusu cusu ka Hankoku conghe kucya cusu. Ppanan rulu (交通) Pusu tyawmu: Ppanan rulu Hankoku. Hankoku pa kndadax kngkawas 1967 prading muda smmalu kawsu kongru, lmutuc Soar mi Jncwan mi Cingjn na Husan, Cing Hu kawsu kongru ka ptmay Hankoku “jidayi kawsu kongru”. Pnuda rmrinas mk10 kngkawas ka smmalu, Hankoku saya pa wada smluwan msdurux mquri hunac mi daya; msdurux mquri iril mi narac knkana qnlhangan na kawsu kongru wangru “kingal diyax kndusan cweyn”. Sediq qnlhangan Hakoku pa malu spuda kawsu kongru mniq kingal diyax dhuq knkingal alang mkbrnux Hangkoku. Hankoku saya pa niqan 32 ka kawsu kongru, knkana knbrawan niya u 4044 km, 51 ka elu qnlhangan, knkana knbbaraw niya u 13432 km. Dhuq kngkawas 2012 idas 9 mnhdu, elu kisya sitong Hankoku pa knkana bay u niqan 90 ka elu kisya, knkana knbrawan niya u 3569.5 km, kcka hiya huseyng u 1904.4 km, deyngkihwa elu kisya u 2385.2 km. Pusu bay sanan trdu asu Hankoku pa trdunan asu Husan, trdunan asu Jncwan, trdunan asu Cyunsan, trdunan asu Masan, trdunan asu Mupu, trdunan asu Putting, trdunan asu Tonghay, trdunan asu Weysan, trdunan asu Riswey mi trdunan asu Cico. Pusu tyawmu: Heneng Hankoku. Nengyeyn (能源) Knbeyhing bay qnlhangan dmuwi nengyeyn ka Hankoku, kiya knkana mtqiri klwanan dmuwi nengyeyn 2.1%, mniq tu8. 95% deyngki Hankoku pa to bay pneyyah Hankoku tyeynri kongse ka bnuway, pusu bay ka puniq psdeyngki mi hetyeyn. Kngkawas 2012 cida kcka dnuwi nengyeyn Hankoku pa meytan ka 28%, yeynyo u 41%, gasu u 17%, heneng u 12%, malu caysng nengyeyn u 1%. Alaw ka ini ttuku ka nengyeyn cuyeyn, 97% na ddiyun nengyeyn Hankoku pa sntama cinko. Hankoku ka mtqiri klwanan tu2 knbeyhing yihwa tyeynjanci qnlhangan cinko mi tu2 meytan knbeyhing qnlhangan ciko. Dduwi gasoring Hankoku u tu7 bnkuwan mtqiri klwanan. Kngkawas 2007 cida ddiyun txtaxa sediq kmgkawas pa 16 tong, tu5 bnkuwan mtqiri klwanan. Hankoku u niqan knbeyhing bay yeynyo cyakong kongyey, binaw kana yeynyo pa kasi ka cinko kana, alaw kcka qnlhangan Hankoku pa beytaq saya u ini sdiyan qnpahan gasoring niya na, kiya ka tu4 bnkuwan gasoring qnlhangan cinko ka Hankoku. Snparu bay qmita pnkranan heneng ka Hankoku, kiya ka kana mtqiri klwanan tu5 knbeyhing qnlhangan smmalu hetyeyn. Hankoku saya pa niqan 23 ka hehwanyingru, knkana bay u 10 oku wa deyngki kongryu na cwangci jongryang. Niyi ka knkana qnlhangan Hankoku deyngki cwangci jongryang na 22%. Seyhu Hankoku keykaku dhuq kngkawas 2035 cida hetyeyn u pkrnaun cwangci jongryang dhuq knkana qnlhangan cwangci jongryang na 29%. Tongsin (通信) Rikisi Hankoku pa, muwaya bay tongsyun sesu u kngkawas 1885 idas 9 diyax 28 cida, wada tumal ddiyun lmutuc Soar mi Jncwan na kingal 30 km knbbaraw wasil tyeynpaw ka Hankoku. Kngkawas 1896 cida, Coseyng wangkong muda pusa muwaya bay qqnawal. Qnawal ddiyun ssediq qnlhangan u kngkawas 1902 ka prading mtmay Hankoku. Kngkawas 1924 cida, Soar mi Cyokoku Snyang ka ptrawah kwoci qnawal thiyaq. Qqpahun mpsalu (製造業) Qntan: Rulu kongyey Hankoku. Qqpahun mpsalu Hankoku ka pusu mpdudul canyey keyjay Hankoku, mnuda kngkawas 1961–1971 ka rawtong micising canyey, kngkawas 1972–1981 ka cupn micising conghwa kongyey, kngkawas 1982–1991 ka cisu micising canyey mi knkla micising canyey say aka knpriyux mi pkrana cyeyko. Hankoku pa mniq xiruy kang, smmalu asu, rulu, pantawti mi suma canpin uri ka qqpahun mpsalu uniqan mbiyax bay biyax dha pnsung kwoci, ou bay canpin u niqan tnpusu nanaq pinpay dha, mniq kcka kwoci canyey ka hnyuwan dha pa ini sangay mdakil. Pusu bay xihuy kang mbari msalu u Pusyang xiluy kang, Syeyntay xiluy kang, Tongkwo mpsalu kang uri, kcka Pusyang xiluy kang ka knkana mtqiri klwanan knbeyhing bay xiluy kang ciyey uri, kiya ka niqan bay biyax pnsung knkana mtqiri klwanan na mbbari qqpahun mpsalu xiluy kang uri. Hankoku ka qnlhangan mbiyax bay smmalu asu, knbsiyaq bay diyax tu1 knbeyhing bay knkana jeynmtqiri klwanan qnlhangan smmalu asu uri. Knkana mtqiri klwanan tu10 tubrah koba mpsalu asu pa niqan 7 ka na Hankoku, 6 ka bnkuwan tu1 dhuq tu6, kcka na hiya u Syeyntay congkong, Sansing congkong, Tayu msalu asu hayyang cusu huyse mi STX msalu asu hayyang ka knkana mtqiri klwanan sspac knbeyhing bay koba msalu asu. Hankoku pa mniq quri msalu knmalu bay asu u niqan bay biyax dha. Yihwa ida nkiya gasu asu mhaqun qqiya ka knklanan dha bay Syeyntay congkongyey; quri so asu hayyang kantan u, Sansing congkongyey ka mbiyax balay, nhiya kana ka 60% qpahun mtqiri klwanan; Tayu msalu asu hayyang cusu huyse ka mtqiri klwanan knbeyhing bay asu abura pusu bay mbbari msalu, ya bay niqan 10% knkana mtqiri klwanan na knbeyhing asu abura pa smnalu Tayu kojyo. Pusu tyawmu: Qqpahun ppnwalang Hankoku. Qqpahun ppnwalang (農業) Qqpahun ppnwalang Hankoku pa uka hari cuyeyn, dxral knlbangan ddiyun dha qmpah pa 1835.6 lituk (18.4% ka dxral pphmaun pnwalang), kiya ka knkana mtqiri klwanan txtaxa sediq tikuh bay knrbangan dxral qnlhangan uri. So kiya knou bay pnyahan pnhuma pnwalang Hakoku pa sntama qnlhangan icil cinko. Wana buwax mi bbunga qmuru ka kntuku nanaq, kiya mi quri so duma uqun 85% u kasi ka ciko. Kiya uri u Hankoku pa hmrinas 60% hiyi dapa, qqcurux mi pnyahan ucilung, 20% hiyi pnwalang, hiyi rrodux mi qququq mi miruku pa kasi ka sntama qnlhangan icil cinko, wana sato mi balung ka mndungus bay mttuku. Pusu tyawmu: Keci Hankoku. Keci (科技) Kcka 20 seyki, alaw qnlhangan Nihong mi mccbu Hankoku, keci Hankoku u kiya bay so uka blbalay. Mtmay kngkkawas 60 ccida, prading dmudul “keci phiyu qnlhangan” ka Hankoku, kngkawas 1966 cida wada phiyu muwaya bay conghesing heyeyn ciko Hankoku heswey cisu keyngkyoing. Spoda quri psdhu mi pstutuy keci qnlhangan dha nanaq, 20 seyki kngkkawas 80 ccida, wada balay bay dhuq kndadax madas cisu dhuq hmqangaw snbburuh cisu. Waycyaw (外交) Pusu tyawmu: Waycyaw Hankoku. Hangkoku pa kngkawas 2013 cida wada msupu mtqiri klwanan 192 qnlhangan psdhu pnluban waycyaw, kiya ka Ryeynhekwo, Sumaw cucu, Cinghecucu, Tongsyey 10 malan 3, 20 qnlhangan citwan na qnlhangan cngyeyn, kiya uri u Pnsliyan Yatay cinghe mi qnlhangan pnrdingan Tuhranan hidaw Asia honghuy uri, mbiyax bay dmudul mniq ddaun kwoci wutay. Hankoku ka kngkawas 1996–1997, kngkawas 2013–2014 Ryeynhekwo anrihuy huycangjn risukwo, kngkawas 2001 tu56 Reynhekwo taykay cusikwo. Wada mndungus bay muda kngkawas 2000 tu3 Ya O kaygi, kngkawas 2005 APEC kaygi, kiya mi kngkawas 2010 na 20 qnlhanagn citwan tu5 honghuy. Cyunsu (軍事) Pusu tyawmu: Cyunsu Hankoku. Hankoku haycyun Sucong tawangci cyucucyeyn. Alaw quri kcka rikisi Hankoku pa mnuda balayqnrqilan mccbu mi Han pantaw na ptqraqil ka tuhunac mi tudaya, Hankoku GDP na 2.6% mi ddiyun seyhu na 15% u wada sduwi kwohwang cyeynse kana. Niqan tu6 mtqiri klwanan knbeyhing knhbrawan wisu heytay say aka Hankoku mi tu2 knbeyhing yupeyyi tuywu. Hankoku saya pa niqan 63 knbkiyan knhbrawas hiyi ka wasu hitay saya mi niqan 297 knbkiyan hiyi ka yupeyyi butay, pspuwan smpu knkana 5000 knbkiyan hiyi sediq ka Hankoku pa ririh sa knbeyhing bay spuwan ka niyi. Knhbrawan hiyi sediq (人口) Pusu tyawmu: Knhbrawan hiyi sediq Hankoku. Hankoku pa qnlhangan murux bay minjoku, kngkawas 2015 muda smpu knhbrawan hiyi sediq u 5106.9 knbkiyan hiyi sediq. Hankoku ka qnlhangan tubaraw bay jnko miti, kngkawas 2015 jnko mitu u ya bay mkpinghwang km 509 hiyi sediq, kiya ka kana myqiri klwanan qnlhangan knbeyhing bay jnko mitu uri. Ini pndungus ka pnsasu nniqan sediq ka Hankoku, to bay mniq alang mkbrnux ka sediq, cngsuhwaryu pa 82.5%. Kngkawas 2015 cida, kiya ka knkana Soar, Jncwan mi Cingcitaw ka knhbrawan hiyi sediq sotucweyn pa knkana bay u 2527.4 knbkiyan hiyi sediq, kiya ka knkana hiyi sediq na 49.5%. Maci (都市) Knkana hiyi sediq Hankoku wa mniq maci pa 91%, knbeyhing bay alang mkbrnux ka dlih 1,000 knbkiyan hiyi sediq, bnkuwan matas hunac niyi ka pusu bay alang mkbrnux kcka Hankoku: Kari (語言) Pusu tyawmu: Kari Hankoku. Ddiyun kari qnlhangan seyhu Hankoku ka kari Hankoku mi kari tnbbawa Hankoku. Kiya ka knkana mnniq Coseyng Pataw, kana mtqiri klwanan dmuwi kari Hankoku pa ya bay 7560 knbkiyan hiyi sediq. Dndulan Hankoku quri kwoci syakay seyji, hnyuwan keyjay hnyuwan keyjay ka ini sangay mkala, smluhay kari Hankoku ka sediq u ini sangay mrana uri. Hbaraw bay qnlhangan saya mniq pyasan tubeyhing mi pyasan tubaraw pa niqan tmsa kari Hankoku kana. Mniq qnlhangan Amirika, Nihong, Awco, malu ngalan skeyng mtmay pyasan tubeyhing na kingal kari qnlhangan kari qnlhangan Hankoku. Snhiyan (宗教) Pusu tyawmu: Snhiyan Hankoku. Tnpusu snhiyan tndxral Hankoku ka Samankyo. Kiristokyo ka knbeyhing bay snhiyan Hankoku, ya bay niqan knkana sediq qnlhanganna 27.6%, yabay niqan 1356 knbkiyan hiyi sediq, kiya ka knkana 970 knbkiyan hiyi snhiyan Kiristo burahkyo mi 390 knbkiyan hiyui sediq Teynsukyo. Kngkawas 2015 beytaq saya, Kiristo burahkyo na sinjya u wisu kndudul rana, kiya mi sinjya Teynsukyo u kndudul mlih. Pnrhulan Cyoro ka knbeyhing bay Kiristokyo Hankoku, ya bay niqan 900 knbkiyan hiyi sediq sinjya mi 100 sngari kluwanan ka pnrhulan, kiya mi knbeyhing na pnrhulan u kiya ka knkana “Tahan Yesukyo Cyorokay (Hetong)”, “Tahan Yesukyo Cyorokay (Tonghe)”, “Tahan Yesukyo Cyorokay (Kawsn)”. Tyeyntawkyo na brah ka kcka 19 seyki siswey mquri tuhranan hidaw ccida mtmay Coseyng Pataw na Tosweykyo, kngkawas 1906 spuda Tongswey tu3 hiyi cyawcu Sunpingsi ka wada pryuxan cintay snhiyan. Syakay (社會) Kyoiku (教育) Pusu tyawmu: Kyoiku Hankoku. Kyoiku mniq Hankoku pa ngalan dha pkranan keyjay tu2 keyjay. 20 seyki tu60 kngkawas beytaq saya, keyjay syakay Hankoku pa so bay snkaya ini biyaq pnkranan ka keyjay Hankoku mi smlanan “Pnsklwiyan Hancyang”, mniq bukuy pndungus Hankoku pa, “Kyoiku phiyu qnlhangan” canrwey ka pusu bay dungus niya uri. “Keyngpo Hankoku” pa ptura bay pkla kana qnlhangan sediq u niqan pnsdkanan mangal biyax kyoiku. 20 seyki na tu80 kngkawas ccida, kyoiku kana kndusan u wada malan kcka “keyngpo Hankoku”. Iyux qmlahang biyax kyoiku qnlhangan sediq, wada smmalu mndungus bay horicu kyoiku ka Hankoku, kiya ka knkana “Snrdingan waya kyoiku”, “Waya kyoiku llaqi tiring”, “Waya kyoiku tutiping, tukcka”, “Waya kyoiku tubaraw” mi “Waya kyoiku kana kndusan”, so malu spuda pnwaya muda kyoiku kana kndusan ka txtaxa sediq. Cwanmey (傳媒) Patas singbung Hankoku pa niqan hmrunas 100 kngkawas ka rikisi niya. Kngkawas 1896 cida, Syutaypi ka pnhiyu smmalu na “Dukuricu singbung” ka Hankoku kngkawas cnduray tu1 mining singbung jiyi Hankoku . Pusu bay tu3 knbeyhing singbung pnsltudan meyti Hankoku saya pa (“Coseyng jupaw”, “Congyang jupaw”, “Tuhranan hidaw Asia jupaw”) mi Hanryeynse. “Coseyng jupaw” mi “Tuhranan hidaw Asia jupaw” pa pnhiyu smmalu babaw na 31 dukuricu undo kngkawas 1920, kiya ka knbsyaqan bay rikisi ddha singbung Hankoku. Hanryeynse u pnhiyu mniq kngkawas 1981 cida, kiya ka tongsyunse qnlhangan Hankoku. Muwaya bay ptreybi Hankoku ka pnhiyu kngkawas 1956 na kingal Soar nsediq nanaq mbbari ptreybi. Pusu bay ptreybi kana qnlhangan Hankokusaya pa kiya ka knkana Hankoku hwangsong kongse (KBS), Bungka pradiyo kojyo (MBC), SBS kuhun yosyeyn kojyo (SBS) mi Kyoiku hwangsong kongpawse (EBS). Syakay Qqlhangun (社會保障) Hankoku pa kndadax kngkkawas 1960 dhuq saya pa pllutuc pnwaya quri syakay qqlhangun. Mniq Cweyntohwan dmuwi biyax qmlahang ccida han pa, “Qnlhangan huri” na knklanan u mnduwa bay pprngawan. Pquri so duma qnlhangan ikayhwa pdkanun pnsung pa, mscuqi hari pnwaya syakay qqlhangun dha ka Hankoku, tmawa pdungus pkmalu dungan, binaw dmuwi llbu bay diyax dha muda pndungus pphiyu qnlhangan huri ka Hankoku. Syakay qqlhangun tisi Hankoku pa kiya ka knkana syakay pawsyeyn, kongkong cyoci mi syakay qqlhangun ka tu3 sqpah niya. Qpahun syakay qqlhangun pusu bay u syakayhwa na rdrudan, lqlaqi, qqridin mi sediq qrinuc huri ka pusu niya, liya ka knkana ssalu dha ngali pila ka sbuway kongkong hbangan hmrinas 65 kngkawas rdrudan, phiyu nniqan ssiling kari niqan lqlaqi, smmalu ddiyun lqlaqi tiring, smmalu sqlahang bubu mi lqlaqi, phiyu dmudul qqridin miying qqpahun, pnsliyan qqridin uri. Bungka (文化) Pusu tyawmu: Pnsltudan bungka Hankoku, bungka Hankoku, Hanryo mi Hankoku using bungka yican. Bungka Hankoku pa pneyyah pnsltudan bungka Hankoku. Babaw mccbu Hankoku daw, mpspayis ka tuhunac mi tudaya Coseyng pa wada ini pntna ka bungka saya tuhunac mi tudaya da, binaw bungka dha pnsltudan pa ida mntna mi psltudan dha bay lmutuc. Pnhiyu Smnluwan (建築) Pnhiyu smnluwan pnsltudan Hankoku pa niqan ou bay mntna bay pnhiyu smnluwan pnsltudan Cyokoku mi Nihong, wada runan ingyang, tukarac mi dxral wusing, bwihur qsiya, Bukyo, Tawkyo mi Jukyo. Ida nkiya ka pusu bay dungus niya pnhiyu smnluwan Hankoku. Pnhiyu smnluwan Hankoku pa ini hraw knbeyhing mi knpruwan, kiya mi quri snpruwan qmita ida nkiya ka dungus dha pnhiyu smnluwan, psbalay ida nkiya. Pnhiyu smnluwan pnsltudan Hankoku pa ini hari qtayi mniq knbeyhing mi kdari muda pskuraw pqita. Nniqan tqiyan u tiping hari kiya, slxan bay uri ka pncpingan. Spuda so qnita, tqiyan sediq niqan knkla mi mndungus bay qcahur sediq pa, pusu bay nniqan muyas mi pprngawan quri kari knkla, ini so ptura quri pncpingan. Babaw mnhdu mccbu Hancan daw, pnhiyu smnluwan Hankoku pa mtmay kingal knburah bay ratuc pnkranan. Ddha hiyi kndadax qnlhangan icil mnhdu muyas brinah Hankoku ka mphiyu smnluwan mniq iyax niyi dmudul pnhiyu smnluwan Hankoku dhuq sklwiun bay mi mndungus bay. Taxa u kndadax Hwaransi mnhdu muyas brinah Hankoku ka Cincongyey, taxa u kndadax Nihong mnhdu muyas brunah ka Cinsokn. Wenswey (文學) Pusu tyawmu: Han wenswey mi Hankoku wenswey. Patas bnatas cbiyaw bay wenswey Hankoku pa to bay wada psqmaun mccbu kana da, ini kou ka msngari mniq. Mnrading bay ncbiyaw uuyas ka wa spatas “Qnlhangan tu3 yisu” na “Huycke”, knnama bay Hansu ka “Uyas mcays qduda”. Tawcu (陶瓷) Pusu tyawmu: Tawcu Coseyng. Cingcu Kawri na syangkan cingcu. Mniq xxiluy jitayi ka Hankoku pa kiya ka malu dmuwi rongyaw smmalu knmalu bay tawci. Qnlhangan tu3 ccida, wada mquri Nihong ka tawci Hankoku, kiya ka Nihong habung cbiyaw jitayi na syuhuyci. T9 seyki tnhiti, Tongyi sinrwo ka kndadax Cyokoku madas knkla smmalu weyc, wada knnama bay qnlhangan dmuwi knkla weyc uri. Eyga (電影) Pusu tyawmu: Eyga Hankoku mi bnkuwan eyga Hankoku. Kndadax tu19 seyki thiti cida, mwaya bay mtmay Hankoku dhuq saya, eyga Hankoku pa niqan hmrinas 100 kngkawas rikisi da. Geyki treybi (電視劇) Pusu tyawmu: Geyki treybi Hankoku mi bnkuwan geyki treybi Hankoku. Hancyu mniq kngkkawas 1980 muru dndulan mrakaw treybi ka mtutuy. Inggaku (音樂) Pusu tyawmu: Pnsltudan inggaku Hankoku mi ryosing inggaku Hankoku. Tangtay inggaku Hankoku pa psnakan inggaku pnsltudan mi inggaku siyang. Inggaku pnsltudan pa ngalan dha “Kwoyey” uri, pusu bay u geyki muyas, pancang mi inggaku minus. Pplahan wangru (網路遊戲) Pusu tyawmu: Pplahan tyeyncu Hankoku. Qqpahun pplahan wangru mniq Hankoku ka qqpahun ini biyaw pnkranan niya, iyax kngkawas 1998–2008 cida, kngkawas u hmrinas 20% ka knranaryu, canyey kuymo mniq 10 kngkawas iyax cida mrana mk8. Bungka mmahan mi uuqan (飲食文化) Pusu tyawmu: Hankoku ryawri. Hankoku ryawri pa uuqun niya u cingtan ka pusu. Idaw payay ka pusu bay uuqun sediq Hankoku. Prmaxan idaw dongburi btunux, idaw lnbuwan sama mtlawa, tayang moci cnyusan Hansu, idaw cnyusan pawcay, nduhan Hankoku ka pusu bay uuqun kddiyax Hankoku ryawri. Mniq Hankoku pa, hiyi dapa ka knkrayan bay hiyi, kiya mi siyang babuy mi hiyi rodux pa mhnuk briwan kiya. Tndxral nanaq Hankoku na hiyi dapa pa plwanan dha “dapa Han”. “Dapa Han” pa spuda ndwanan tmabu mi chiya bay uqun ka hiyi na, mniq Hankoku u mkray bay briwan ka hiyi dapa, kiya mi ngalan mndungus bay subway sediq uri. Bungka sinew Hankoku (韓國酒文化) Pusu tyawmu: Bungka sinew Hankoku. Hankoku ka knbeyhing bay qnlhangan mbari sinaw mmahan, knou na nmahan txtaxa sediq pa mniq tubrah knkana mtqiri klwanan. Sinaw mtilux Hankoku ka qnlhangan kcka ou bay sinew mmahan bnriwan dha, kiya ka briwan bay sinaw kana mtqiri klwanan uri, kcka na Hankoku mniqan bay hangan ka sinew mtilux ka Cnru; kiya ka tubrah bay bnriwan sinaw knana mtqiri klwanan. Sinaw mtilux Hankoku pa so bburah bay mmahan, ini so kndux bay ka sinaw na, mhnuk briyan, mniq Oco mi Amirika u sinaw mbhuway sqrasun dha bay. Kngkawas 2008 cida, niqan bay hhangan ka Weyposte jiteyng Amirika pa wada dha spatas kcka ka sinaw mtilux Hankoku “Soju”. Uxay wana sinaw mtilux, sinaw qtan bay mniq Hankoku u niqan cingcyo, cwocyo, sinaw phpah, sinaw iyu. Biru mniq Hankoku u krinah sqrasan dha uri da. Hayte biru ka knbeyhing bay pnyahan mbbari biru Hankoku. Kngkawas 2005 cida, Hayte biru mi Cnru pa wada msupu dmi kiya ka Hayte Cnru citwan da. Bungka ociya Hankoku (韓國茶文化) Pusu tyawmu: Bungka ociya Hankoku. Muwaya bay ociya Hankoku pa mniq Coseyng qnlhangan tu3 ccida nadas dha kndadax Cyokoku, mimah bay ociya ka rikisi dha sediq cbiyaw. Coseyng wangcaw tukcka bukuy ociya u prading mlih mniq Coseyng, binaw kngdadax 1980 dhuq saya, prading mtutuy mniq Hankoku Dungan ka ociya. Omiyagey ociya Hankoku ka ngalan waya ociya Hankoku pa niqan hmrinas 10 kbkuy kngkawas rikisi da. Tiyu (體育) Pusu tyawmu: Tiyu Hankoku. Seyhu Hankoku pa snbeyhing bay qmita tiyu qnlhangan sediq, dmudul bay pnkranan quri qqpahun tiyu, pstutuy knsdhu smmalu smnluwan tiyu, kndudul pkrana biyax qnlhangan pquri nganguc pnsung. Wada mndungus muda kngkawas 1988 rbawan Orinpiko undokay, kngkawas 2002 mtqiri klwanan pey pnsung mtur boru, kngkawas 2003 rbawan mtqiri klwanan pyasan tubeyhing undokay, kngkawas 2011 mtqiri klwanan tyeyncing cinpyawsay, kngkawas 2018 misan Orinpiko undokay uri mtqiri klwanan pnsung tiyu mi mnou bay muda Asia undokay, kiya mi wada mangal knmalu bay snadu uri. Pangcyo undo pnsung psboru mniq Hankoku ka sqrasun bay kana sediq. Hankoku pa kndadax kngkawas 1982 prading pssli cuyey pangcyotuy, niqan LG Swangc, NC Kongrong, Hanhwa Qdiraw, Kiya Tora, Sansing Rayung, Rote Beyhing sediq, Tosan Kumay, SK Huyrong, KT Wusu, Nayksn Ingsyong mk10 cuyey pangcyotuy. Kngkawas 2008 rbawan Orinpiko undokay, wada mangal pnsung pangcyo kwancyun ka Hankoku. Diyax smsung (節假日) Pusu tyawmu: Diyax smsung Hankoku. Diyax smsung Hankoku pa psnakan “Smsung sqrasun qnlhangan”, “Diyax splaws qnlhangan pqita hidaw” mi “Diyax sngayan kana” tu3. Smsung 31 (Idas 3 diyax 1), Smsung pnwaya keyngpo (Idas 7 diyax 17), Smsung kwanghu (Idas 8 diyax 15), Smsung mtrawah karac (Idas 10 diyax 3) mi Diyax yeynwen (Idas 10 diyax 9) ka rrima “Smsung sqrasun qnlhangan”. “Smsung sqrasun qnlhangan” mniq Hankoku pa knkana qnlhangan sediq u kasi ka spruwan msupu mqaras kana ka diyax smsung niyi, Ini pntna smsung qnlhangan Cyokoku. Spuda pnwaya qnlhangan splawa Hankoku, knkingal sapah Hankoku mi mssipaw klelu dmudul kana sediq mniq “Smsung sqrasun qnlhangan”, Diyax Syeyncong (pkcka splawa) mi Diyax heytay qnlhangan pa pqqiya splawa Hankoku kana. Pnyahan pnatas (參考資料) CIA 外交部 List of current heads of state and government https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/大韩 (參考自中文維基百科) Tnhjil kari seejiq Watan Diro (瓦旦 吉洛) mtabug