INyuvesi yaseKapa

iNyuvesi yaseKapa iyisikhungo somphakathi sakwangqondonkulu nocwaningo eKapa – idolobha eNtshonalanga Kapa eliyisiqonga sesibili saseNingizimu Afrika. Lenyuviseni iqalwe iyi-South African College ngo-1829, isikhungo semfundo eyisisekela kanye nemfundo ephezulu kepha lesikhungo siqale ukuphakela izimfundo eziphakeme kubafundi. Izifundo eziphakeme zahlukaniswa ukusungula inyuvesi ezimele ngo-1918. Lokhu kwenze iNyuvesi yaseKapa kanye neNyuvesi yaseStellenbosch izikhungo zokuqala zemfundo ephakeme ngokwesiko laseYurophu eNingizimu Afrika naseAfrika eseNzansi kweSahara esasebenzayo. Nakuba abafundi bokuqala abansundu bamkwelwe kusukela izi-1920, ngenxa yobandlululo okwehlanga ekhulwini eli-20, abansudu abavumelwanga ukufunda kulenyuvesi. Futhi abafundisi abansundu baxoshwa ezikhundleni zabo isib. uArchie Mafeje ngo-1968. Abafundi nabanye bamafundisi babhikishele ukususwa kwemikhawulo okwehlanga enqabela abansundu ukufunda kulenyuvesi. Lezehlakalo kanye nenjulalwazi iholele ekugxekweni kweNyuvesi yaseKapa ngabafundi nabafundisi baseStellenbosch abaliqambele igama lika-Moscow on the Hill, ukulidweba ngobala lwocosulelwano. Abansundu baqale ukwamukwelwa ukufunda ngezi-1980. iNyuvesi yaseKapa iqukatha iminyango engama-57 yezimfundo ezahlukene, ezifundisela iziqu zobuncunda kufika kwiziqu zobungcithabuchopho ngolwimi lwesiNgisi kuphela. Izizinda senyuvesi ziseRondebosch (lapho kunamakhampasi aphezulu, angaphakathi nawasenzansi), eObservatory (lapho kunesibhedlela nekhampasi yezokulapha) kanye naseNkabini yeDolobha (lapho kunekhampasi yemidlalo yesilingiso). Kukhona abafundisi nabafundi balenyuvesi abaqavile abathwezwe imiklomelo engaphezulu njengeyaka kaAlfred Nobel futhi abanye bafinyelele ezikhundleni eziphakeme ezebhizinisi, ezemfundo kanye nezombangazwe. Abathwezwe iziqu nabafundisi abaqhakambisiwe uChristiaan Barnard wangumuntu okuqala emlandwini womhlaba ukufeza inhlinzeko yokushintsha inhliziyo. Ababili abosonzululwazi bagaxiswe umklomelo kaAlfred Nobel wezokwelapha: uAllan McLeod Cormack wezokulapha ngo-1979 ngoba ucwaningo wakhe uholele ukuqanjweni kwenguxa yokuxilonga umzimba ngokusebenzisa ama-X-ray kanye no-Max Theiler oqambe Ikhambi lokugoma okuvikela kwumkhuhlane ophuzi. uMhlonishwa Aaron Klug ugaxiswe umklomelo kaAlfred Nobel woMchazatho ngenxa yokubonankulu ngamazuba komumo obuthobucwebe. uJohn Coetzee ugaxiswe umklomelo kaAlfred Nobel yobuCikomazwi kanye nomklomelo kaBooker ngezincwadi zakhe zesiNgisi. Abathweze iziqu eNyuvesi yaseKapa abaqhakabisiwe yilaba: Owayengungqongqoshe wezoHwebo noMboni uEbrahim Patel, owayenguMqondisi oPhetheyo weBhange yoMhlaba uMamphele Ramphele. owayengungqongqoshe wezobudlelwane nensebenzisano nezizwe uNaledi Pandor, usomcikomazwi uBreyten Breytenbach, usozigidigidi nomsunguli wenkampani yohlelomgidinga kaUbuntu uMark Shuttleworth, umculi u-Amanda Black no-Zolani Mahola we-Freshlyground, owayenguSomlomo weGunga likaZwelonke uBaleka Mbethe, kanjanlo njalo. Amakhampasi iKhampasi ichaza indawo lapho iNyuvesi ikhona. Iqukatha izakhiwo ezahlukene nayonke ingqalasizinda efunekayo ukuthi yenze umsebenzi wayo. Ikhampasi yokuqala iseGardens, inxuluma esenkabini yedolobha laseKapa. Kukhona isakhiwo esikuyona esakhiwe ngohlelo wokwakha wemvuselelo yesiKhemethi (isiGibhithe). i-South African College yayihleli kulekhampasi ngaphambu ukuthi inxenye yemfundo eyisekela yakhelwe ikhampasi yayo eRondebosch ngenkathi iNyuvesi ihlukaniswa kuyo. iKhampasi ePhezulu isethambekweni yentaba kaHuriǂoaxa (ngokwesiKhwekhwe, kodwa ngesiNgisi yaziwa ngelika-Devil's Peak). Lekhampasi yakhiwe ngasemuva kwekhampasi ye-Hiddingh emhlabeni owathathwa ngemphoqo kubabomdabu ngabadlibezwe owanikezwa kuyo nguCecil John Rhodes, umholi womkhankaso woMbuso oHlangeneyo okudlela abomdabu umhlaba e-Afrika owayeyiNdunankulu yeKoloni yaseKapa. eKhampasini ePhezulu kunezakhiwo ezidumile, isib.: iHholo likaSarah Baartman (owesifazane owathunjwa ngabaseYurophu ukumhlonga umumo womzimba), noMtapolwazi kaKhansela uHarry Oppenheimer. Futhi lekhampasi iseduze neSakhiwosikhumbuzo sikaCecik John Rhodes ekungafikwa kusona ngokushayela imotho emgwaqeni kaGroote Schuur noma ngezinyawo. iKhampasi yangaPhakathi ingaphesheya kwomgwaqophezulu kaM89 (umgwaqo kaWoolsack). Izakhiwo eziqhakambisiwe yilezi: Isakhiwo sikaWilliam noJules Kramer sezimfundo zomthetho, uMasingene wamahhovisi wophathazincwadi, isiKole soMchazamnotho, kanye nomsebenzi wobucika i-Dialogue at the Dogwatch. eKhampasini yangaPhansi kunezinkudla zomdlalo kanye nezakhiwonhlalo zabafundi njenge-Leo Macquard, iTugwell ne-Graça Machel. Lamakhampasi avulekile; kuvumelekile namuni na angene kuwo. iKhampasi yase-Observatory isetshenziselwa izimfundo zokwelapha. ebafundi bafunda esibhedheleni Schuur Ezokuphatha iKhansela yeNyuvesi iyinhloko yenyuvesi. Ayinawo amandla okuphatha. Umsebenzi wayo kungukukhulumela inyuvesi nokunikeza abafundi izifakazelo zakwangqondonkulu emcimbini yokuthweza abanfundi iziqu zemfundo. iKhansela kusukela umhla ka-30 kaNcwaba ngo-2019 nguNgcithabuchopho uPrecious Moloi-Motsepe owangena makuphuma uGraça Machel. Amandla okuphatha asezandleni zePhini leKhansela, uNjingalwazi uMosa Moshabela ongene esikhundleni makuphuma uNjingalwazi uMamokgethi Phakeng kusukela 2024. Izinqumo ezimqoka ngokubuswa kweNyuvesi zithathwa nguMkhandlu weNyuvesi eobandakanya izithunywa zamabandla ahlukahlukene emphakathini, embusweni, kwabafundi nakubafundisi enyuvesi. iThimba leziGele libika ukuhlelwa kwemfundo, ucwaningo, ukufundisa nakonke okuqondane nalomsebenzi. Amalunga weThimba leziGele ngabafundisi, izinduna, iPhini likakhansela namaSekelaphini weKhansela. Isigaba semfundo nocwaningo siqukatha iziGcawu eziyisithupha: sezoHwebo, sezoMthetho, sezoMngcikisho nezoKwakha, seNzululwazi, seZokwelapha kanye nezoMchazabuntu. Iziko elizezingeni elifanayo neziGcawu yiZikho lweMfundo ePhakeme neNtuthuko. Izigcawu zengamelwa iNduna osekelwa nguMqondisi wesiGcawu. Lezigcawu zineminyango ehlukene ephatelene nezimfundi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. iGunga labaThwezwe iziQu inethonya ngoba idingida izindaba zenyuvesi futhi amalunga ayo avamile ukuba abanikeli bemali abaqavile. Ukukleliswa Ngokwezihlu zamanyuvesi ezihloniphekile (i-Times Higher Education (i-THE), i-Quacqarelli-Simmonds (i-QS) ne-Academic Rankings of World Universities (i-ARWU)), iNyuvesi yaseKapa ihamba phambili kuwonke amaNyuvesi aseAfrika amashumi weminyaka kusukela ukuqela kokushicilelwa kwalezihlu – akuze kwenzeke ukuthi inyuvesi eyodwa yaseAfrika yenqe iNyuvesi yaseKapa kuzonke izinhlu zamanyuvesi ezihloniphekile. Kusukela 2011, iNyuvesi yaseKapa ikleliswe ezingeni lwe-100 ku200 ngokwe-THE, 200 ku-300 ngokwe-ARWU kanye no-140 ku-240 ngokwe-QS. Amaphatho