Osimiri Rokel

Osimiri Rokel (nke a makwaara dị ka Osimiri Seli; a na-akpọbu ya Osimiri Pamoronkoh) bụ osimiri kachasị ukwuu na Republic of Sierra Leone dị na West Africa.Mpaghara mmiri ya ruru kilomita skwea 10,622, ebe Ugwu Gbengbe, Ugwu Kabala, na Ugwu Sula na-ekewa mpaghara mmiri ya.Ọnụ osimiri ahụ , nke gbasara mpaghara ruru kilomita skwea 2,950 (1,140 mil2)ghọrọ ala mmiri Ramsar nke nwere nnukwu mkpa n'ụwa na afọ 1999. Ọdịdị ala Osimiri Rokel si n'ugwu dị n'elu ala dị ihe dịka mita 900 n'ime Ugwu Loma, nke dị na Guinea Highlands n'ebe ugwu etiti Sierra Leone, pụta. Ọ na-asọba n'akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ ihe dịka kilomita 390, na-agafe ọtụtụ ugwu. Mgbe e mesịrị, ya na obere iyi ọzọ a na-akpọ Port Loko Creek, nke na-asọ n'akụkụ ya, na-asọba n'ọnụ mmiri Rokel Estuary tupu ọ banye n'Oké Osimiri Atlantik.Mgbe ọnụ mmiri ahụ jikọtara na Osimiri Bankasoka, a na-akpọkwa ya Osimiri Sierra Leone. Ọ dị ihe dịka kilomita 40 n'ogologo, ebe obosara ya dị n'etiti kilomita 6.4 na 16.1,Obodo Freetown na Pepel bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri abụọ dị n'akụkụ ọnụ mmiri ahụ. Ka ọnụ mmiri ahụ na-abawanye obosara ma na-ejikọta na Oké Osimiri Atlantik, obosara ya na-eru ihe dịka kilomita 11. Akụkụ ndịda nke ọnụ mmiri ahụ bụ nke kacha emi, ma na-emepụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri eke, nke a na-akọ na ọ bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri eke nke atọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Apiti mangrove na mbara ala apịtị bụ ụdị gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị pụta ìhè n'akụkụ ọnụ mmiri (ria) nke Osimiri Rokel. Ha na-ekpuchi ihe dịka pasent 19 nke ọhịa mangrove niile dị na Sierra Leone.Mpaghara mmiri nke osimiri ahụ ruru kilomita skwea 10,622, ebe Ugwu Gbengbe, Ugwu Kabala, na Ugwu Sula na-ekewa usoro mgbapụta mmiri ya.N'ebe Mmiri Ọda Bumbuna , Osimiri Rokel na-adaba ihe dịka mita 15.Ụdị osisi mangrove ndị e dekọrọ n'ebe ahụ gụnyere Rhizophora, Avicennia, Laguncularia, na Conocarpus, bụ́ ndị na-ekpuchi mpaghara ruru ihe dịka hekta 34.23.Isi obodo Sierra Leone, bụ Freetown, dị n'ọnụ ụzọ Osimiri Sierra Leone, ihe dịka kilomita 40 site n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Pepel. Ọdịdị ala A na-akọwa Osimiri Rokel na ndị na-eso ya dị ka "Rokel River Group" maka ọmụmụ ala. A na-akọ na ọdịdị ala n'ime otu a bụ nke Tabe na ice sediments na-achịkwa ọnụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ya ma na-ekpughe n'akụkụ osimiri n'akụkụ ụfọdụ; ọdịdị ala a hụrụ n'osimiri ahụ bụ nkume granite. A na-ekewapụta ọdịdị ahụ n'ozuzu ya dị ka nkume sedimentary folded. A kọwakwara na orogeny ya bụ nke Pan African thermo-tectonic age nke ihe dị ka 550 Ma.N'ihe gbasara ala, ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri a na-achịkwa na tectonically nke nwere usoro Precambrian, Infra-Cambrian na Pleistocene. Osimiri ahụ dị n'etiti Ugwu Sula dị n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na ugwu grantoid nke ugwu Gbengbe na Kabal dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ. A maara mmiri a ma ama dị n'osimiri ahụ dị ka mmiri Bumbuna na-ada ebe osimiri ahụ na-ada site na mita 15 (49 na-enye maka iwu ụlọ ọrụ hydroelectric. Akụkọ ihe mere eme John MacCormac, N'afọ 1816, John MacCormac, onye ọchụnta ego sitere na Ireland, biri n'Agwaetiti Timbo ma malite ibupụ osisi African Oak sitere n'Osimiri Rokel. Ahịa ahụ gara nke ọma ruo oge ụfọdụ, ma emesịa ọ dara.A malitere ịkụpụta ígwè ore na ọlaedo alluvial n'ọgwụgwụ afọ ndị 1920 na mmalite afọ ndị 1930, ebe ọrụ iwulite ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik Bumbuna Falls malitekwara.Ndị Yalunka guzobere isi obodo ha, Falaba, n'akụkụ isi iyi Osimiri Rokel.Ọnụ mmiri nke osimiri ahụ, nke gbasara mpaghara ruru kilomita skwea 2,950, debanyere aha ya dị ka Ebe Ala Mmiri Ramsar nke nwere nnukwu mkpa n'afọ 1999.Ebe ahụ nwere Cape Point n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Freetown dị ka ókè ya, Osimiri Bunce n'otu akụkụ ya, na Tagrin Point n'ebe ndịda nke ọnụ mmiri ahụ, ebe akụkụ nke Osimiri Rokel na-ejikọta n'ọnụ ya. N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2025, Thomas Mariee mechara gbadaa 365km n'onwe ya n'osimiri Rokel n'ime ụbọchị 17. Ọganihu A tụọla mmiri nke osimiri Rokel na ọdụ atọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu na nke kachasị nta a kọrọ na Magbass, otu n'ime ọdụ atọ ahụ, bụ 1,905 mita (67,300 na 2 cubic mita (71 cu ft) n'otu n'otu. E nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ mepụtara na ndagwurugwu osimiri nke na-enweta mmiri ha chọrọ site na osimiri a. Mmanụ ala ígwè na Marampa na-adabere na mmiri a na-enweta site na osimiri ahụ. A bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ikike mmiri nke Osimiri Rokel (Ratification) Act na ndị mmepe nke ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ala; ebe a na'egwupụta mmiri na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe 1933 ruo 1975 site na Sierra Leone Development Company (DELCO) na Astro Minerals site na 1983. Nkwekọrịta mmiri ahụ na-enye "ikike pụrụ iche na nke kachasị mma maka iji mmiri Rokel site na nkwekọrịta pụrụ iche" maka oge afọ 89 site na 1 Jenụwarị 1938. Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị ọrụ na-agbadata na mwepụ nke nsị sitere na ọrụ igwu ala akọwaghị. Igwe a na-ewepụta emeela ka ịdị elu nke otu n'ime ugwu ndị na-ebute ore belata site na mita 24.4 (80 ft) A malitere nnukwu ọrụ ịkụpụta ọlaedo n'Ugwu Sula na n'ime ájá na unyi nke Osimiri Rokel na ndị iyi ya kemgbe afọ 1929, mgbe a chọpụtara ọlaedo n'ugwu ndị ahụ.E mere ọmụmụ banyere sedimenti nke osimiri iji tụọ oke mkpokọta arsenic na mineral ndị ọzọ. A na-eji ọrụ aka eme nchọpụta na ịsa ájá n'osimiri ahụ, dabere n'usoro a na-akpọ paddocking.A kọwara ụdị ọrụ ịkụpụta ọlaedo a dị ka nke na-emebi gburugburu ebe obibi nke ukwuu, n'ihi na igbutu ọhịa maka ọrụ ngwuputa mere ka ugwu na-emebi emebi ma na-asachapụ ngwa ngwa. Nke a butere nnukwu nchikọta ájá na unyi n'Osimiri Rokel na ndị iyi ya. E mepụtara Bumbuna Dam n'osimiri ahụ site n'iwu ihe mgbochi mmiri dị mita 93 (305 n'ebe dị warara nke osimiri ahụ, nke mepụtara ọdọ mmiri nke gbatịrị kilomita 30 (19 mi) n'elu mmiri.[16sq.">] E mere atụmatụ ịgba mmiri Magbass n'okpuru mmiri nke mmiri ahụ. China nyere aka na mmejuputa oru ngo maka ịkọ okpete. Ọrụ ahụ, nke etinyere n'ọrụ na 1980, dị na Magbass n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ ma nwee iwu ịgba mmiri nke 880 square kilomita (340 sq mi). [17] Flora na fauna Osisi ndị dị n'ọnụ mmiri ahụ nwere ọhịa mangrove. Nnụnụ dị n'ógbè ahụ nwere nnụnụ 10,000 nke ụdị 36 (ihe ndekọ nke afọ 1995). A kọwakwara na e nwere ụdị wader asatọ n'oge oyi nke na-akpata 1% nke ndị bi na ya n'ụwa. Ụdị asatọ nke Palaearctic migrant waders e dekọrọ bụ: Plovụ nwere mgbaaka (Charadrius hiaticula) Nnụnụ Kentish (Pluvialis squatarola) Ịgbagharị (Calidris alba) Onye na-eti mkpu (Calidris ferruginea) Nnụnụ Eurasian (Numeniusphaeopus) ahịhịa ndụ (Tringa nebularia) Ogwe uhie (Tringa totanus) Nnụnụ Western reef heron (Egrette gularis) Hụkwa Mabilafu, obodo ukwu dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Rokel Edensibịa Akwụkwọ Bird (8 April 2010). Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-8638-0. Brebbia (2013). Food and Environment II: The Quest for a Sustainable Future. WIT Press. ISBN 978-1-84564-703-2. Hambrey (2011). Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-17230-1. Rosbjerg (1997). Sustainability of Water Resources Under Increasing Uncertainty. International Association for Hydrological Sciences. ISBN 978-1-901502-05-3. Shillington (2004). Encyclopedia of African History. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6. (2007) Mangroves of Western and Central Africa. UNEP/Earthprint, 41–. ISBN 978-92-807-2792-0.