Webiga Rokel

Webiga Rokel (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Webiga Seli; horey Webiga Pamoronkoh) waa webiga ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda Sierra Leone ee ku taal Galbeedka Afrika. Dooxada webigu waxay cabbirkeedu yahay 10,622 km2 (4,101 sq mi), iyadoo qulqulka biyaha ay kala qaybiyaan buuraha Gbengbe iyo Kabala iyo Buuraha Sula. Af-gudbada oo fidsan aag dhan 2,950 km2 (1,140 sq mi) ayaa noqotay goob Ramsar oo muhiim u ah dhul-qoyanka sanadkii 1999. Juqraafiga Webiga Rokel wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa 900-metre-high (3,000 ft) oo ah bannaanka sare ee Buuraha Loma, ee Guinea Highlands ee waqooyiga dhexe ee Sierra Leone, wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka koonfur-galbeed qiyaastii 240 miles (390 km) isagoo dhex mara safaf buuro ah, waxaana la socda wabi yar oo barbar socda oo la yiraahdo Port Loko Creek, wuxuuna ku shubaa af-gudbada Rokel ka hor inta uusan gelin Badweynta Atlaantik. Af-gudbada, ka dib markii ay ku biirto Webiga Bankasoka, waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan Webiga Sierra Leone, dhererkeeduna waa 25 mi (40 km) ballacdana waa 4–10 miles (6.4–16.1 km). Freetown iyo Pepel waa labada dekedood ee ku yaal xeebaha af-gudbada. Marka af-gudbaddu sii ballaarato oo ay ku biirto Atlaantik ballaceedu waa qiyaastii 11 km (6.8 mi). Xeebta koonfureed ayaa ah tan ugu qotada dheer oo samaysa deked dabiici ah, taas oo la sheegay inay tahay tan saddexaad ee ugu weyn adduunka. Dhul-qoyanka Mangrove iyo meelaha dhoobada ah ayaa ah nidaamka deegaanka ee ugu muhiimsan (iyagoo ka kooban 19% kaynta mangrove ee dalka) oo laga xusay agagaarka ria ee webiga. Dooxada webiga cabbirkeedu waa 10,622 square kilometres (4,101 sq mi), iyadoo qulqulka biyaha ay kala qaybiyaan buuraha Gbengbe iyo Kabala iyo buuraha Sula. Webiga Rokel wuxuu hoos u dhacaa 15 metres (49 ft) biyaha dhaca ee Bumbuna. Noocyada Mangrove ee la diiwaangeliyay waa Rhizophora, Avicennia, Laguncularia, iyo Conocarpus, kuwaas oo daboolaya aag dhan 34.23 hectares (84.6 acres). Caasimadda Sierra Leone ee Freetown waxay ku taal marinka Webiga Sierra Leone, qiyaastii 25 miles (40 km) u jirta dekedda Pepel. Juqraafiyadda Dhulka Webiga Rokel iyo laamihiisa waxaa loo qeexay inay yihiin "Rokel River Group" si loogu sameeyo cilmi-baaris juqraafiyeed. Qaab-dhismeedka juqraafiyeed ee kooxdan ayaa la sheegay inay ka mid tahay Tabe formation iyadoo fadhiyada barafka ay ku badan yihiin dhinaca bari isla markaana ay ka muuqdaan webiga qaybo ka mid ah; qaab-dhismeedka juqraafiyeed ee laga xusay webiga waa dhagaxyada granite. Qaab-dhismeedku wuxuu si ballaaran ugu kala qaybsan yahay dhagaxyada sedimentary ee laalaaban. Waxa kale oo la sheegay in orogeny ay ka tirsan tahay xilliga Pan African thermo-tectonic ee qiyaastii 550 Ma. Juqraafi ahaan waa dooxad si farsamaysan loo xakameeyo oo leh qaabab ka tirsan xilliyada Precambrian, Infra-Cambrian iyo Pleistocene. Webiga waxaa lagu xayiray buuraha Sula ee koonfur-bari iyo buuraha grantoid ee Gbengbe iyo Kabala ee galbeedka. Cascades-ka caanka ah ee webiga waxaa loo yaqaanaa biyaha dhaca ee Bumbuna halkaas oo webigu hoos u dhaco 15 metres (49 ft) taasoo u gogol xaareysa dhismaha mashruuc koronto-biyood. Taariikhda John MacCormac, oo ahaa ganacsade Irish ah, ayaa degay Jasiiradda Timbo sanadkii 1816 wuxuuna bilaabay dhoofinta Geedka African Oak ee ka yimaada Webiga Rokel. Ganacsigu wuxuu ahaa mid aad u ballaaran muddo laakiin ugu dambeyntii wuu hoos u dhacay. Macdanta birta iyo dahabka alluvial ayaa bilaabmay dabayaaqadii 1920-yadii iyo horraantii 1930-yadii, iyadoo mashruuca koronto-biyoodka Bumbuna Falls uu socdo. Dadka Yalunka waxay caasimadooda, Falaba, ka yisteen meel u dhow isha Rokel. Af-gudbada, oo fidsan aag dhan 2,950 square kilometres (1,140 sq mi), ayaa lagu daray liiska Ramsar ee goobaha dhul-qoyanka muhiimka ah sanadkii 1999. Goobta waxaa xad u ah Cape Point dhinaca galbeed ee Freetown, oo ay xad u tahay Webiga Bunce mid ka mid ah xeebaheeda, iyo Tagrin Point halkaas oo qaybaha Rokel ay ku biiraan dhinaca koonfureed ee afkeeda. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Thomas Mariee wuxuu dhammaystiray 365km oo safar keligiis ah oo uu ku maray Webiga Rokel muddo 17 maalmood ah. Horumarinta Qulqulka webiga Rokel waxaa lagu cabbiray saddex saldhig oo cabbirka biyaha ah. Qulqulka ugu sarreeya iyo kan ugu hooseeya ee lagu soo warramay Magbass, oo ka mid ah saddexda saldhig, waa 1,905 cubic metres (67,300 cu ft) iyo 2 cubic metres (71 cu ft) siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxaa jira mashaariic badan oo laga hirgeliyay dooxada webiga kuwaas oo baahidooda sahayda biyaha ka hela webigan. Macdanta birta ee Marampa waxay ku tiirsan tahay sahayda biyaha ee laga soo tuubo webiga. Sharci heshiis oo ku saabsan xuquuqda biyaha ee Webiga Rokel ayaa lala saxiixday horumariyayaasha macdanta; macdantu waxay shaqaynaysay tan iyo 1933 ilaa 1975 waxaa waday shirkadda Sierra Leone Development Company (DELCO) iyo Astro Minerals tan iyo 1983. Heshiiska biyuhu wuxuu bixiyaa "xuquuq gaar ah oo mudnaan leh oo ku saabsan isticmaalka biyaha Rokel iyada oo loo marayo heshiis gaar ah" muddo 89 sano ah laga bilaabo 1 Janaayo 1938. Saamaynta deegaanka ee isticmaalayaasha hoose iyo qashinka ka yimaada hawlaha macdanta ayaan wax laga qaban. Birta la soo saaray waxay keentay in dhererka mid ka mid ah buuraha macdanta ay hoos u dhacdo 24.4 metres (80 ft). Macdanta dahabka ee buuraha Sula iyo sediments-ka webiga Rokel waxay ahayd hawl ballaaran oo la qabtay tan iyo 1929 ee webiga iyo laamihiisa ka dib markii dahab laga helay buuraha. Daraasado sediment ah ayaa la sameeyay si loo qiimeeyo uruurinta macdanta arsenic. Hawlgalka panning-ka ee webiga iyadoo la adeegsanayo xoogga gacanta ayaa ku salaysan paddocking. Hawlgalkan macdanta dahabka ee alluvial ayaa lagu tilmaamay mid deegaan ahaan burburinaya maadaama jarista dhirta ee ujeeddooyinka macdanta ay keentay nabaad-guur ballaaran oo buuraha ah iyo sediment-ka webiga iyo laamihiisa. Biyo-xireenka Bumbuna ayaa laga horumariyay webiga iyadoo la dhisay biyo-xireen dhererkiisu yahay 93 metres (305 ft) meel cidhiidhi ah oo webiga ah, kaas oo abuuray haro fidsan 30 kilometres (19 mi) kor u socota. Mashruuca Waraabka Magbass ayaa laga hirgeliyay xagga hoose ee biyo-xireenka. Hirgelinta mashruuca waxaa ka caawiyay Shiinaha beerashada sokorta. Mashruuca, oo la hirgeliyay 1980, wuxuu ku yaal Magbass oo ku taal xeebaha webiga wuxuuna leeyahay aag waraab oo dhan 880 square kilometres (340 sq mi). Flora iyo Fauna Flora-da ku taal af-gudbada waxay ka kooban tahay kaynta mangrove. Shimbiraha aagga ku yaal waxay ka kooban yihiin 10,000 oo shimbirood oo ka tirsan 36 nooc (diiwaankii 1995). Waxa kale oo la sheegay in ay jiraan sideed nooc oo shimbiraha wader-ka ah ee jiilaalka kuwaas oo ka kooban 1% dadka adduunka. Sideedda nooc ee palaearctic migrant waders ee la diiwaangeliyay waa: Ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula) Kentish plover (Pluvialis squatarola) Sanderling (Calidris alba) Curlew sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea) Eurasian whimbrel (Numeniusphaeopus) green shank (Tringa nebularia) red shank (Tringa totanus) Western reef heron (Egrette gularis) Sidoo kale eeg Mabilafu, tuulada ugu weyn ee ku taal xeebaha Webiga Rokel Tixraacyo Buug qoraal Bird, Eric (8 Abriil 2010). Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-8638-0. Brebbia, C. A.; Popov, V. (2013). Food and Environment II: The Quest for a Sustainable Future. WIT Press. ISBN 978-1-84564-703-2. Hambrey, M. J.; Harland, W. B. (2011). Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-17230-1. Rosbjerg, Dan (1997). Sustainability of Water Resources Under Increasing Uncertainty. International Association for Hydrological Sciences. ISBN 978-1-901502-05-3. Shillington, Kevin (2004). Encyclopedia of African History. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6. Mangroves of Western and Central Africa. UNEP/Earthprint. 2007. pp. 41–. ISBN 978-92-807-2792-0.