Baptisti

Baptisti ni neno linalotumika pengine kuelezea kinachohusika na mapokeo maalumu ndani ya Ukristo wa Kiprotestanti na hasa kutajia mali au makanisa ya Wabaptisti au madhehebu ya Kibaptisti, ambayo ni kati ya yale yenye waumini wengi zaidi duniani. Wanakadiriwa kuwa milioni 110 katika jumuia 220,000. Mapokeo hayo yamechukua jina lake kutokana na mkazo juu ya imani ya wafuasi wa Yesu Kristo kwamba wanapaswa kuzamishwa ndani ya maji mengi ili kuonyesha imani yao. Kwa sababu hiyo Wabaptisti hawana desturi ya kutoa ubatizo kwa watoto wachanga. Mbali ya msimamo huo, Wabaptisti wanatofautiana sana katika teolojia na miundo yao. Historia Msimamo wa Kibaptisti ulijitokeza kwanza Uswisi katika karne ya 16, lakini ulipata nguvu zaidi Uingereza katika karne ya 17. Huko Marekani mwaka 1639 Roger Williams alianzisha kanisa la Kibaptisti mjini Providence, Rhode Island na John Clarke alianzisha kanisa la Kibaptisti mjini Newport, Rhode Island. Haieleweki vyema kanisa gani kati ya hayo lilifunguliwa kwanza. Kumbukumbu za makanisa yote mawili zimepotea. Mbali na Marekani na Ulaya, siku hizi kuna Wabaptisti wengi hasa Nigeria (milioni 2.5), India (milioni 2.4), Congo (DRC) (milioni 1.9) na Brazil (milioni 1.7). Tanbihi Marejeo Bumstead, JM (1984), Henry Alline, 1748–1784, Hantsport, NS: Lancelot Press. Christian, John T (1926), History of the Baptists, juz. la 2, Nashville: Broadman Press. Leonard, Bill J (2003), Baptist Ways: A History, Judson Press, ISBN 978-0-8170-1231-1, comprehensive international History. Torbet, Robert G (1975) [1950], A History of the Baptists, Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press, ISBN 978-0-8170-0074-5. Wright, Stephen (2004), Early English Baptists 1603–49. Marejeo mengine Gavins, Raymond. The Perils and Prospects of Southern Black Leadership: Gordon Blaine Hancock, 1884–1970. Duke University Press, 1977. Harrison, Paul M. Authority and Power in the Free Church Tradition: A Social Case Study of the American Baptist Convention Princeton University Press, 1959. Harvey, Paul. Redeeming the South: Religious Cultures and Racial Identities among Southern Baptists, 1865–1925 University of North Carolina Press, 1997. Heyrman, Christine Leigh. Southern Cross: The Beginnings of the Bible Belt (1997). Isaac, Rhy. "Evangelical Revolt: The Nature of the Baptists' Challenge to the Traditional Order in Virginia, 1765 to 1775," William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., XXXI (July 1974), 345–68. Life & Practice in the Early Church: A Documentary Reader, New York University press, 2001, ku. 5–7, ISBN 978-0-8147-5648-5. McBeth, H. Leon, (ed.) A Sourcebook for Baptist Heritage (1990), primary sources for Baptist history. McGlothlin, W. J. (ed.) Baptist Confessions of Faith. Philadelphia: The American Baptist Publication Society, 1911. Pitts, Walter F. Old Ship of Zion: The Afro-Baptist Ritual in the African Diaspora Oxford University Press, 1996. Rawlyk, George. Champions of the Truth: Fundamentalism, Modernism, and the Maritime Baptists (1990), Canada. Spangler, Jewel L. "Becoming Baptists: Conversion in Colonial and Early National Virginia" Journal of Southern History. Volume: 67. Issue: 2. 2001. pp 243+ Stringer, Phil. The Faithful Baptist Witness, Landmark Baptist Press, 1998. Underhill, Edward Bean (ed.). Confessions of Faith and Other Documents of the Baptist Churches of England in the 17th century. London: The Hanserd Knollys Society, 1854. Underwood, A. C. A History of the English Baptists. London: Kingsgate Press, 1947. Wills, Gregory A. Democratic Religion: Freedom, Authority, and Church Discipline in the Baptist South, 1785–1900, Oxford. Viungo vya nje Baptists katika Open Directory Project