Moscow

Moscow; Shi ne babban birnin ƙasar Rasha, kuma daya daga cikin manyan biranen duniya. Ɓangare Moscow yana nan a tsakiyar Turai na Rasha, tsakanin Oka da Volga, a jamsin na Smolensk-Moscow upland (a yamma), da Moskva-Oka bayyana (a gabas) da kuma Meshchera lowlands (a cikin kudu maso gabashin). Ƙasar birnin ne 2511 km². Na uku (870 murabba'in kilomita) is located a cikin Zobe Babbar Hanya (MKAD), sauran 1.641 murabba'in kilomita - ga zobe hanya. ciyayi Duk da babban mataki na ci gaban Moscow, fannin mãkirci na ƙasar birnin ne game da 1/3 daga cikin jimillar yankin na birnin. A Moscow, akwai Wuraren Shaƙatawa da Gandun Daji kamar yadda Gurin shaƙatawa na Izmailovo, Timiryazevskiy, Filyovsky Park, Zamoskvoretskiy suke, Lublin shakatawa Butovsky wurin shakatawa, Botanical lambun, Irin lambu Bitsevskiy wurin shakatawa, gidan kayan gargajiya ajiye Tsaritsyno da Kolomenskoye, Kuz'minskii wurin shakatawa, gandun daji Park lumpy da sauransu. Har ila yau a cikin birnin ne na Halitta National Park Elk Island, kuri'a na Parks da na wasanni yankunan. dabba duniya Moscow fauna ne bambancin. Alal misali, a cikin National Park Elk Island ana samun su ba kawai zomo, hedgehogs da zomaye, to amma har da ya fi girma dabbobin daji, irin su daji boar da elk, hange naman daji. Ana samun su da predators - fox, Mink da ermine. Gida a Verhneyauzskoy wani ɓangare na muz Island daji ducks da herons, su ne gida don rare pheasants da partridges. Tun lokacin Ivan da Munin, Elk Island ne karkashin musamman kariya - na farko a matsayin sarauta farauta wuri, kuma tun 1983 - a matsayin halitta na kasa shakatawa. A Bitza gandun daji ma na zaune mai yawa dabbobin daji. Rayuwa a nan hedgehogs, shrews har ma jemagu, don haka rare a babban birnin kasar. zomo - zomo da kurege, vole, weasels, zomo. Ku zo daga makiyayarta elk da daji boar. Hatching duck nests corncrake. Siyasa division Moscow ta yankin raka'a ne yankunan, ƙauyuka da kuma Gudanarwa gundumomi da sunaye da iyaka, shika-shikan shari'a ayyukan birnin. kai Moscow - most sufuri cibiya na ƙasar. Birnin is located a tsakiyar yanar gizo na hanyar jirgin kasa da kuma tarayya hanyõyi. Ƙarar na fasinja zirga-zirga a cikin Moscow kai cibiya kima ga shekarar 2013 ne 11,5 biliyan. Cikin birnin ci gaba da dama siffofin jama'a kai, tun 1935 an aiki karkashin kasa. jama'a kai ne da za'ayi 76% na fasinja zirga-zirga. dogo kai A Railway cibiyar sadarwa a Moscow da aka wakilta goma main yankunan da tara tashoshin (takwas tashoshin - Belarushiyanci, Kazan, Kursk, Kiev, Birnin Leningrad,, Paveletskiy, Riga, Yaroslavl ne da za'ayi biyu commuter da kuma dogon nesa sadarwa, daya tashar - Savyelovskiy - kawai hidima commuter sufuri) , Moscow Madauwari Railway, a haɗa da dama rassan da dama rassan, mafi yawa single-waƙa, in mun gwada da ɗan gajeren tsawon, da girma daga wanda yake shi ne gaba ɗaya a cikin birnin. filayen jiragen saman A Moscow Vnukovo International Airport kuma Ostafyevo. Har ila yau, mazauna da kuma baƙi amfani da sabis na sauran kasashen duniya filayen jiragen saman located in Moscow yankin: Domodedovo, Chkalov, Sheremetyevo. Daman amfani da filayen jiragen saman iya ba kawai ta hanyar mota, amma kuma amfani Express aiko Railway tashoshin: Kiev - don Vnukovo Airport, Belarushiyanci - Sheremetyevo Airport kuma Paveletsky - Airport Domodedovo. Birnin sarrafa m, amma tun da farkon karni XXI, ya, a gaskiya, ya ɓace ta kai tsaye nufin: ta gabatarwa da aka sa masu sufurin karkashin Retail sarari. mota kai Moscow ne cibiyar cibiyar sadarwa na tarayya hanyõyi daban-daban kwatance, wanda gama babban birnin kasar tare da Gudanarwa cibiyoyin na Rasha Federation da kuma biranen kasashen jihohi. A Moscow kanta yana da raya kai kayayyakin, musamman hada da uku sufuri zobba: aikin lambu, Na uku sufuri da kuma Moscow Zobe Road, shirya yi na tsakiya Zobe Road (CRR) a cikin unguwannin bayan gari na birnin zuwa fitad da kaya daga cikin mota daga sufuri zirga-zirga. Moscow Metro Tun watan Mayu 15, 1935 a Moscow, aiki karkashin kasa, wanda yake shi ne babban wajen harkokin sufuri a cikin birnin. A kan talakawan, da Moscow Metro daukawa 6.824.000 fasinjoji per day (as na 2013). Wannan shi ne karo na biyar shekara-shekara fasinja zirga-zirga metro tsarin a cikin dũniya da farko a Turai. Jimlar tsawon Lines na Moscow Metro - 320,9 km, mafi yawan hanya da kuma tashoshin located karkashin kasa. Har a Moscow metro ne na shida most a duniya. Kamar wani Moscow tashar jirgin karkashin kasa da 12 194 Lines, ciki har da haske dogo line. Mutane da yawa metro tashar ne gine-gine Monuments. Tun shekara ta 2004, da monorail, aiki na wanda aka gudanar da jihar Unitary ciniki "Moscow Metro". kimiyya Moscow - manyan duniya bincike cibiyar, gabatar cibiyoyin bincike aiki a yawancin masana'antu, irin su nukiliya makamashi, microelectronics, Aerospace da sauransu. Na farko kimiyya karatu a Moscow ya fara da za a gudanar a Moscow Jami'ar Jihar tun 1755. A cikin karni XIX fara fito fili a jami'a bincike al'umma nazarin tarihin Rasha, magani, kimiyyar lissafi, Rasha da kuma sauran kimiyyar. A 1828, a St. Petersburg kafa Rumyantsev Museum - babban tarin littattafai, tsabar kudi, rubuce-rubucen da sauran ethnographic da kuma tarihi kayan cewa tuni a 1861, canja shi zuwa Moscow, da kuma a 1924 a karkashi aka halicci Jihar Library na Tarayyar Soviet. Lenin. Hotuna Manazarta