New Zealand

, Newzealand ko Niyu Zilan (da Turanci, New Zealand) kasa ce, da ke a Oseaniya. Babban birnin ƙasar newzealand Wellington ne; birnin mafi girman kasar Auckland ne. Sabuwar Zelandiya tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita murabba'i 268,021. Newzealand tana da yawan jama'a 5,005,400, bisa, ga jimilla a shekarar 2020. Akwai tsibirai dari shida(600) a cikin kasar newzealand. Newzealand ta samu yancizen kanta a shekara ta 1907. Firaministan kasar newzealand Jacinda Ardern ne daga shekara ta 2017. Etymology Ƙarin bayani: Sunaye na New Zealand Takardar murabba'i mai launin ruwan rawaya tare da rubutun Yaren mutanen Holland da ja mai kauri mai kauri, layi mai lanƙwasa Cikakkun bayanai daga taswirar 1657 da ke nuna gabar tekun yammacin Nova Zeelandia (a kan wannan taswira, arewa tana ƙasa) Baƙon Bature na farko zuwa New Zealand, ɗan ƙasar Holland mai binciken Abel Tasman, ya sanya wa tsibirin suna Staten Land, yana ganin sun kasance wani ɓangare na Staten Landt da Jacob Le Maire ya hango a ƙarshen Kudancin Kudancin Amurka.[ >Daga baya an sanya wannan sunaans zuwa New Zealand.[, [ Aotearoa (lafazi: [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa] a cikin Māori da /ˌaʊtɛəˈroʊ.ə/ a cikin Ingilishi; galibi ana fassara shi azaman 'ƙasar farin gajimare') [ shine sunan Māori na yanzu don New Zealand. Ba a sani ba ko Māori yana da suna ga dukan ƙasar kafin zuwan Turawa; Aotearoa asalinsa yana nufin tsibirin Arewa kawai. yana da sunaye na gargajiya da yawa na manyan tsibiran guda biyu, ciki har da Te Ika-a-Māui ('kifin Maui') na Tsibirin Arewa da Te Waipounamu ('ruwa na greenstone') ko Te Waka o Aoraki (' kwalekwalen Aoraki') na tsibirin Kudu. Island / Rakiura). A cikin 1830, masu yin taswira sun fara amfani da "Arewa" da "Kudu" akan taswirorinsu don bambance manyan tsibirai biyu, kuma zuwa 1907, wannan shine ka'ida da aka yarda da ita. ga kowane tsibiri, ana iya amfani da sunan sa na Ingilishi ko na Māori, ko kuma a yi amfani da su tare. ] da haka, wannan ba shi da masaniya a hukumance. Tarihin kasa Tarihi Babban labarin: Tarihin New Zealand Don jagorar tarihin lokaci, duba Timeline na tarihin New Zealand. Saitin kibau ɗaya yana nunawa daga Taiwan zuwa Melanesia zuwa Fiji/Samoa sannan zuwa tsibirin Marquesas. Daga nan sai jama'a suka bazu, wasu sun nufi kudu zuwa New Zealand, wasu kuma suka nufi arewa zuwa Hawai'i. Saiti na biyu yana farawa a kudancin Asiya kuma ya ƙare a Melanesia. Mutanen Māori sun fito ne daga mutanen Polynesia waɗanda kakanninsu suka yi hijira daga Taiwan zuwa Melanesia tsakanin 3000 zuwa 1000 KZ sannan suka yi tafiya gabas, suka isa tsibirin Society c. 1000 CE. Bayan dakatar da shekaru 200 zuwa 300, sabon yanayin bincike ya haifar da ganowa da daidaitawar New Zealand. Na farko . Wadannan hadisai sun yi nuni da cewa, sai Kupe ya kasance tare da wani babban tawaga na mazauna, wadanda suka taso daga Hawaiki a gabashin Polynesia a wajajen shekara ta 1350. [ Ba a bayyana ainihin ranar wannan sulhu ba, tare da kafofin kwanan nan suna son sasantawa a cikin karni na 14. Yayin da bambancin DNA na mitochondrial a cikin al'ummar Māori ya ba da shawarar cewa an fara zama New Zealand tsakanin 1250 da 1300, , ragowar ɗan adam, kayan tarihi ko tsarin da za a iya dogara da su a baya fiye da fashewar Kaharoa na Dutsen Tarawera a kusa da 1314 AZ. Wannan yanayin kuma ya yi daidai da layi na uku da aka yi muhawara a kai na shaidar baka, waau Māori daga baya sun yi ƙaura zuwa tsibiran Chatham inda suka haɓaka al'adun Moriori daban-daban ] cikin wata arangama ta 1642 da aka yi tsakanin Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri da ma’aikacin ɗan ƙasar Holland mai binciken Abel Tasman,[] an kashe ma’aikatan jirgin Tasman guda huɗu, kuma aƙalla Māori ɗaya ya sami harbin gwangwani.Turawa ba su sake ziyartar New Zealand ba sai a shekara ta 1769, lokacin da mai binciken dan Burtaniya James Cook ya tsara taswirar kusan dukkanin gabar teku.[49] Bayan Cook, yawancin ƙasashen Turai da Arewacin Amurka sun ziyarci New Zealand. Sun sayar da kayan abinci na Turai, kayan ƙarfe, makamai, da sauran kayayyaki da katako, da abinci na Maori, da kayayyakin tarihi, da ruwa. Gabatar da dankalin turawa da musket sun canza aikin noma na Māori da yaƙi. Dankali ya ba da ingantaccen rarar abinci, wanda ya ba da damar dogon yaƙin neman zaɓe na soja. sakamakon yakin Musket na kabilanci ya ƙunshi yaƙe-yaƙe sama da 600 tsakanin 1801 zuwa 1840, inda suka kashe 30,000-40,000 Māori. tun daga farkon karni na 19, masu mishan kiristoci sun fara zama a New Zealand, inda daga karshe suka canza mafi yawan al'ummar Māori. Māori ya ƙi zuwa kusan kashi 40% na matakin tuntuɓar sa a cikin ƙarni na 19; Cututtukan da aka gabatar su ne babban al’amari Takarda ta tsage Takardar Wraitangi daga Yarjejeniyar Waitangi , Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta nada James Busby a matsayin mazaunin Burtaniya a New Zealand a cikin 1832. Ayyukansa, wanda Gwamna Bourke ya ba shi a Sydney, shi ne don kare mazauna da 'yan kasuwa "masu kyau", hana "bacin rai" a kan Māori, da kama wadanda aka yanke wa hukunci.[ mulkin mallaka ya zama mai cin gashin kansa yadda ya kamata, yana samun alhakin duk al'amuran cikin gida (sai dai manufofin 'yan ƙasa, wanda aka ba da shi a tsakiyar shekarun 1860)., Bayan damuwar cewa tsibirin Kudu na iya samar da wani yanki na daban, Firayim Minista Alfred Domett ya matsar da kuduri don canja wurin babban birnin daga Auckland zuwa wani yanki kusa da Cook Strait.[] An zaɓi Wellington don tsakiyar wurinsa, tare da majalisa a hukumance ta zauna a can a karon farko a cikin 1865.[70] A cikin 1886, New Zealand ta haɗa tsibirin Kermadec mai aman wuta, kimanin kilomita 1,000 (mita 620) arewa maso gabashin Auckland. Tun 1937, tsibiran ba su da zama sai dai kusan mutane shida a tashar Raoul Island. Waɗannan tsibiran sun sanya iyakar arewacin New Zealand a latitude 29 na kudu. Bayan 1982 UNCLOS, tsibiran sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga keɓantaccen yankin tattalin arzikin New Zealand. , A cikin 1891, jam'iyyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi ta hau kan karagar mulki a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa ta farko. sun wuce muhimman matakan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. A cikin 1893, New Zealand ita ce al'umma ta farko a duniya da ta bnbsbsai wa duk mata 'yancin yin zabe kuma ta fara aiwatar da hukuncin sasantawa tsakanin ma'aikata da ƙungiyoyi a 1894. , A cikin 1907, bisa buƙatar Majalisar New Zealand, Sarki Edward VII ya shelanta New Zealand wani Mulki a cikin daular Biritaniya, yana nuna matsayinta na mulkin kai. da kuma shan wahala a cikin tsananin damuwa Yanayin muhalli Ge Tsibirin New Zealand kamar yadda aka gani daga tauraron dan adam, Kudancin Alps mai dusar ƙanƙara ya mamaye Tsibirin Kudu, yayin da yankin Arewacin Tsibirin Arewa ya miƙe zuwa ƙananan wurare. New Zealand tana kusa da tsakiyar duniyar ruwa kuma tana da manyan tsibirai guda biyu da fiye da ƙananan tsibirai 700. manyan tsibiran guda biyu (Tsibirin Arewa, ko Te Ika-a-Māui, da Tsibirin Kudu, ko Te Waipounamu) sun rabu da Cook Strait, mai nisan kilomita 22 (14 mi) a mafi ƙanƙanta wurinsa. Bayan tsibiran Arewa da Kudu, tsibiran mafi girma biyar da ke zaune su ne tsibirin Stewart (a gefen Foveaux Strait), Tsibirin Chatham, Tsibirin Great Barrier (a cikin Tekun Hauraki), Island (a cikin Sauti na Marlborough) da Tsibirin Waiheke (kimanin kilomita 22 (14 mi) daga tsakiyar Auckland). Saboda tsibiran da ke nesa da su da kuma dogon bakin teku, kasar na da albarkatun ruwa masu yawa. Yankin tattalin arzikinta keɓantacce yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya, wanda ya mamaye fiye da sau 15 yankin ƙasarsa. Akwai kololuwa 18 sama da mita 3,000 (9,800 ft), mafi girmansu shine Aoraki / Dutsen Cook a mita 3,724 (12,218 ft). tsaunuka masu tsayi na Fiordland da zurfafan fiords sun yi rikodin yawan lokacin kankara na wannan kusurwar kudu maso yammacin tsibirin Kudu Tsibirin Arewa ba shi da tsaunuka amma yana da alamar aman wuta. Tattalin Arziki Alkalumma Al'ada Manazarta