Tsibirin Bazaruto

Bazaruto (pronunciation Portuguese: [bazaˈɾutu]) tsibiri ne mai shinge a cikin Tsibirin Bazaruto na kudancin 90 m (300 ft) . Tsibirin mafi girma na tsibirin, Bazaruto yana zaune kusa da gabashin gefen nahiyar Afirka, yana kare bakin tekun ƙasa a wancan gefen Bazaruto Bay. An kafa shi a lokacin Pleistocene, dunes na yashi na Bazaruto a gefen gabas suna daga cikin mafi tsawo a duniya, suna kaiwa tsawo har zuwa 90 m (300 . Baya ga tsarin dune, tsibirin yana cike da ciyawa, marshes na gishiri, marshins na mangrove, da kuma wuraren ruwa mai laushi. Yana da nau'ikan namun daji iri-iri, gami da birai masu launin shudi, bushbuck mai amfani, da ja gandun daji. Ruwa da ke kewaye da tsibirin muhimmiyar mafaka ce ga dugongs da tururuwan teku. An shagaltar da shi tun Zamanin ƙarfe, Bazaruto ya zama wani ɓangare na cibiyar cinikayya ta Tekun Indiya na dubban shekaru. Ya fada ƙarƙashin karuwar tasirin Portuguese tun daga ƙarshen karni na 16, kuma an gudanar da shi a ƙarƙashin jerin masu mallakar Mulatto da shugabannin. An ba da kyauta ga kambin Portugal a cikin 1721, kuma an gudanar da shi a ƙarƙashin Prazo na Mambone . Rashin tsaro na abinci da hare-hare akai-akai daga 'yan kasuwa na bayi da kabilun makwabta sun rage yawan jama'ar tsibirin a tsakiyar karni na 19. A ƙarshen ƙarni, wani rukuni na Tsonga, waɗanda suka zama mafi yawan mutanen tsibirin a yau, sun sake zama a ƙarshen ƙarni. Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Mozambique da yakin basasar Mozambican da ya biyo baya, 'yan gudun hijira da yawa sun zauna a tsibirin. Yanayin ƙasa Bazaruto ita ce tsibiri mafi girma kuma mafi arewa na Bazaruto Archipelago a bakin tekun kudancin Mozambique. Tsibiri ne mai tsayi da kunkuntar shinge, mai 31.2 km (19.4 mi) a tsayi kuma kusan 110 km2 (42 sq mi) a cikin yanki. Yana kusa da gefen kunkuntar shiryayyen nahiyar, an raba shi 14.2 km (8.8 mi) daga bakin tekun babban yankin Mozambique ta Bazaruto Bay . Bazaruto yana da tsaunukan yashi masu tsayi sosai don tsibirin shinge, inda wasu suka kai 90 m (300 ft) a tsayi; waɗannan su ne wasu daga cikin mafi tsayin tuddai da aka sani a tsibirin shinge. Ƙananan tafkuna masu ruwa mai tsafta suna mamaye tsibirin, tare da zurfin har zuwa 3 m (9.8 ft) . Babban yashi na Bazaruto ya samo asali ne a lokacin Pleistocene, yanzu a cikin launin orange-ja. Ana samun dunes na Holocene mai launin rawaya da fari a kwanan nan a bakin tekun. A lokacin Last Glacial Maximum, matakin teku na gida ya nutse zuwa 130 m (430 ft) m (430 a ƙasa da matakan yanzu, yana ɗaga tsibirin sosai sama da ruwa. Matakan ruwa sun bambanta dan kadan a cikin Holocene; tsarin Aeolianite na bakin teku, yanzu an rufe shi da murjani, ya nuna tsohon bakin tekun tsibirin. Tsibirin yana zaune ne a gefen tekun mesotidal, tare da kewayon ruwan sama na kusan digiri 3 m (9.8 ft) . Babban yashi ya miƙe 6 km (3.7 mi) daga ƙarshen arewacin tsibirin, tare da manyan laka da ke shimfiɗa a gefen tofar biyu. Wani lokaci tofar tana iya yin ruwa fiye da kima . Manyan duwatsun bakin teku suna fitowa a ɓangarorin biyu na tsibirin kuma ana haƙa su don amfani da su azaman kayan gini. Waɗannan suna samar da layuka biyu; ɗaya a yankin da ke tsakanin teku, da kuma mita da yawa sama da babban teku. Mafi girman waɗannan halittun sun samo asali ne a lokacin da ruwa ke ƙaruwa a yankin shekaru dubbai da suka gabata. Yanayi Bazaruto, kamar mafi yAw Mozambique, yana da Yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin Aw bisa ga Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen. Yana fuskantar ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na kusan 978 mm (38.5 in) in). An fallasa shi ga iskar kasuwanci, tare da iska gabaɗaya tana buga tsibirin yayin da take hurawa zuwa kudu maso gabas. Tsibirin yana fuskantar matsakaicin zafin jiki na 24 °C (75 °F) ° C (75 ° F), tare da tsawo har zuwa 30 °C (86 °F) ° C (86 ° F) a lokacin rani da kuma ƙasa na 18 °C (64 °F) ° C (64 ° F) yayin hunturu. Yanayin ruwa a yankin da ke kewaye da shi ya kasance daga 24-28 ° C (75-82 ° F). Tsibirin yana cikin wani yanki mai haɗari don aikin Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi. Tarihi Abubuwan da aka gano a Bazaruto sun kasance a ƙarshen Iron Age, a kusa da ƙarni na 3 AZ, wanda shafuka irin su Ponta Dundo suka tabbatar, tare da wasu shafuka na ƙasa a kusa da kogin Save, gami da Chibuene. Bazaruto ya kasance wani ɓangare na farkon cibiyar cinikin Tekun Indiya, wanda aka tabbatar da dawo da kayan kwalliya na Farisa daga shafin Ponta Dundo. Lu'u-lu'u, amber, kwarangwal, da hakoran dugong sun kasance sanannun kayayyakin kasuwanci da aka fitar da su daga tsibirin. Tsibirin ya ƙara haɗawa da biranen Musulmi masu tasowa na bakin tekun Swahili, kamar Kilwa, Mombasa, da Malindi. A farkon shekarun 1500, kafofin Portuguese sun kira tsibirin Húcicas Grandes, suna bayyana su a matsayin mazaunan "Black Moor". Iyalan Mulatto na Afro-Portuguese sun sami karuwar shahara yayin da yankin ya fada ƙarƙashin tasirin kasuwancin Portuguese. António Rodrigues ( 1589) ya mallaki Bazaruto da wasu sassan da ke kusa da shi; abokantakarsa ga ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Portugal ya haifar da tsibirin ya zama wurin sake samar da jiragen ruwa. Wannan matsayi ya goyi bayan kasancewar tafkunan ruwa mai laushi, wanda kuma ya ba da damar kiwon shanu a tsibirin. Tsibirin ya fada ƙarƙashin jerin manyan iyalai masu mallakar ƙasa. Wani Sofala mulatto mai suna Luís Pereira ya mallaki Bazaruto a ƙarshen 1600s. Mucissa, wani shugaban yanki, ya sami taimako a cikin gwagwarmayar iko da ɗan'uwansa daga Portuguese; a sakamakon haka, ya ba da tsibirin ga kambin Portuguese a cikin 1721. Koyaya, ba a san ikon Portuguese a yankin ba, wanda aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin Prazo na Mambone. Tsibirin ya fuskanci lokacin fari da yunwa, kuma ƙungiyoyin ƙabilar da aka sani da Portuguese a matsayin Vatuas da Landins sun mamaye shi akai-akai. Mambone prazeiros sun fara amfani da tsibirin a matsayin wurin ajiyar kayayyaki don haɓaka kasuwancin bayi. 'Yan kasuwar bayi na Faransa sun kai hari cikin yankin har zuwa karni na 19. Haɗe da rashin tsaro na abinci da mamayewar Landin, tsibirin ya ragu sosai, tare da yawancin mazauna sun zama 'yan gudun hijira a yankunan da ke kusa da ƙasar. An rubuta tsibirin a matsayin wanda ba a zaune ba a 1886. Manazarta