Webiga Draa

Draa (Af Carabi: وادي درعة, romanized: wādī dar'a; sidoo kale loo higgaadiyo Dra ama Drâa, ilo hore badanaaba Darha ama Dara) waa webiga ugu dheer Marooko, dhererkiisu waa 1,100 kilometres (680 mi). Waxaa sameeyay isku biiridda Webiga Dadès iyo Webiga Imini. Waxa uu ka qulqulaa buuraha High Atlas, bilowgii dhanka koonfur-bari ilaa Tagounite, laga bilaabo Tagounite badanaaba dhanka galbeed ilaa afkiisa ee Badweynta Atlaantik wax yar waqooyi ka xigta Tan-Tan. Sanadkii 1971, xireenka Mansour Eddahabi ayaa la dhisay si loogu adeego caasimadda gobolka Ouarzazate iyo in la nidaamiyo qulqulka Draa. Inta badan sanadka qaybta Draa ee ka dambeysa Tagounite waa mid qallalan. Qaybtii hore ee qarnigii 20-aad, koorsada ugu hooseysa ee Draa waxay calaamadisay xadka u dhexeeya ilaalinta Faransiiska ee Marooko iyo aagga ku hoos jira xukunka Isbaanishka. Dooxadu waxay ka kooban tahay Fezouata formations, kuwaas oo ah dhigaallo nooca Burgess shale ah oo taariikhaysan ilaa Ordovician-ka hoose, kuwaas oo buuxinaya daaqad muhiim ah oo ilaalin ah oo u dhexeeya Cambrian-ka caadiga ah ee lagerstätten iyo Soom shale-ka Ordovician-ka dambe. Xayawaannada la qadiimiyay waxaa ka mid ahaa nooleyaal badan oo hore loo mooday inay dabar-go'een ka dib bartamihii Cambrian. Taariikh Template:Undue weight Template:Expand section Taariikh hore Deganaanshaha aadanaha ee dooxada Draa iyo buuraha ku dhow waxay dib ugu noqonayaan ugu yaraan Paleolithic-ga hoose, sida ay caddaynayaan qalabka Oldowan iyo Acheulean ee laga helay meel u dhow Tamegroute. Goobaha Paleolithic-ga dhexe ayaa ku baahsan. Farshaxanka dhagaxa ee xilligii Neolithic waxaa laga heli karaa guud ahaan dooxada Draa, iyadoo lagu sawirayo muuqaallada ugaarsiga iyo sidoo kale xoolaha la dhaqdo. Taariikhda goobahan waa mid aan la hubin, laakiin kuwa ugu da'da weyn waxay laga yaabaa inay dib ugu noqdaan kun-sanaadkii 3-aad ee BCE. Kahor 1054 Webiga Draa wuxuu sidoo kale si fiican u ogaa Roomaankii qadiimiga ahaa. Waxay ku soo baxaysaa khariidaddii ugu horreysay ee adduunka taariikhda oo ay sameeyeen Ptolemy (90–168 AD). Wattasids Intii lagu jiray xukunka Wattasid Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Askia Ishaq I ee Boqortooyada Songhai wuxuu u diray Tuareg weeraryahanno dooxada Draa si ay uga aarsadaan aflagaaddo diblomaasiyadeed halkaas oo Marooko ay dalbatay in la wareejiyo macdanta cusbada ee qiimaha leh ee Taghaza. Saadi Alaouites Afar ka mid ah wiilasha Ismail Ibn Sharif ayaa ahaa khalifa ee Draa: Mulay Muhammad as-Sharif bin Ismail as-Samin. Khalifa ee Draa 1703. Mulay 'Abdu'l-Malik bin Ismail as-Samin. Khalifa ee Draa. Waxaa loo dilay shirqool ka dhan ah aabbihiis, 1696. Mulay Nasir bin Ismail as-Samin. Khalifa ee Draa 1702–1703, iyo ee Tafilalt. Kacaan 1711–1712. Waxaa la dilay 1714. H.M. Sultan 'Abu Marwan Mulay 'Abdu'l Malik, Sultan ee Marooko, iwm. Khalifa ee Draa 1701–1703, iyo ee Sus 1717–1718. Lagu dhawaaqay Sultan markii xilka laga qaaday walaalkiis 13 Maarso 1728. Xilka looga qaaday Meknes 18 Luulyo 1728. Waxaa la dilay 2 Maarso 1729. Luqad Laba luqadood ayaa lagaga hadlaa aagga: nooc maxalli ah oo Carabi ah oo si dhow ula xiriirta Hassaniya, iyo Shilha ama Tashelhiyt, oo ah luqad Berber ah. Oases Dooxada Webiga Draa ee Sare, oo dhererkeedu yahay 200 kilometres (120 mi), waxay ka kooban tahay lix qaybood oo oases/berkedo timireed ah oo ka yimaada waqooyi ilaa koonfur: Oasaska Mezguita, oo leh Agdz iyo Auriz iyo koonfurta Tamsikht dam Oasaska Tinzouline, oo leh Ouled Lagraier, Tinzouline, Ouled Yaoub iyo xireen koonfurta ah Oasaska Ternata oo leh Zagora Oasaska Fezouata oo leh Tamegroute iyo koonfurta Azagha dam Oasaska Ktaoua (Ingiriisi Ktawa) oo leh Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf iyo Bounou dam oo koonfurta ah Oasaska Mhamid el Ghuzlan oo leh Mhamid el Ghuzlan Ksour ee Mezguita ee Tinzouline ee Ternata ee Fezouata ee Ktaoua/Ktwawa Tani waa qaybta koonfureed ee dooxada u dhaxaysa Azagha iyo xireenka Bounou meel u dhow Tagounite. Waxaa jira 55 tuulo, inta badan ka kooban ksour (jamaca ksar): Source : Recensement général du Maroc, 1994 (Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat (RGPH, Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc (HCP), septembre 1994)). Sahmin Draa waxay soo jiidatay dareenka dad badan oo sahamiyeyaal caan ah oo ay ku jiraan Faransiiska Charles de Foucauld oo u safray Marooko isagoo iska dhigaya ganacsade Yuhuudi ah qarnigii 1800-aad, iyo Jeffrey Tayler oo qoray buug ku saabsan waayo-aragnimadiisa. Xusuusin Maktabad Bahani, A., La nouba d'eau et son évolution dans les palmeraies du Draa Moyen du Maroc: CERES. Les oasis du Maghreb, Tunis: pp. 107–126, 1994 Philip Curtin (ed.), African History, London: Longman, 1988 M. Elfasi (ed.), General History of Africa III, Africa from the Seventh to the 11th century, UNESCO, 1988 Charles de Foucauld, Reconnaissance au Maroc, 1888, 1 vol. in -4 and atlas Hammoudi, A., Substance and Relation: Water Rights and Water Distribution in the Dra Valley. In: Mayer, A.E. (Ed.), Property, Social Structure, and law in the Modern Middle East. New York: pp. 27–57, 1985 Marmol Caravajal, Africa, 1667 3 vol. in 4 Thomas Pellow; Josephine Grieder, The History of the long captivity and adventures of Thomas Pellow, in South-Barbary : [written by himself], 1973 (repr.of the 1739 edition with a new introd. for the Garland ed. by Josephine Grieder) ISBN 0-8240-0583-X W.D. Seiwert (ed.), Maurische Chronik, München: Trickster Verlag, 1988 Jacques-Meunié, D., Le Maroc Saharien, des origines à 1670. Thèse d'État. 2 tomes, Librairie Klincksieck, Paris, 1982 G. Spillmann, Villes et Tribus du Maroc vol. IX, Tribus Berbères Tome II, Districts et Tribus de la Haute Vallée du Dra, Paris, 1931 Jeffrey Tayler, Valley of the Casbahs, 2004 Ahmed Zainabi, La Vallée du Dra: Développement Alternatif et Action Communautaire, 2001 (Background paper WDR 2003) Xiriirinta dibadda Michel, J. (1995). The Invasion of Morocco in 1591... University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center.