玛雅潘

玛雅潘（猶加敦馬雅語：Màayapáan；西班牙语：Mayapán），是中美洲古代玛雅文明后期中心之一，位于墨西哥尤卡坦半岛境内，奇琴伊察以西100公里，坐标：北纬20°37′46″，西经89°27′38″。 1221年左右，玛雅人发动起义，推翻了奇琴伊察的统治。不久，各个城邦首领召开会议，商议重新建立一个政治中心，将其命名为“玛雅潘”，意为“玛雅人的标准”。科科姆家族（Cocom）首领被选为玛雅之王，但是其他贵族家族亦派出成员参与政府。 1441年，希烏家族的首领舒潘（Ah Xiu Xupan）领导了反抗科科姆家族的起义，攻占玛雅潘。最終科科姆家族遭到滅族，只有一人因為貿易去了洪都拉斯而倖存下來，玛雅潘被洗劫、焚毀并废弃，其他區內大城市都走向衰落，而尤卡坦半島就陷入了多國混戰。 1950年代，卡内基基金会资助了一次对玛雅潘的大规模考察，发现了一系列遗迹，推断出其规模大约在1万至1万5千居民左右。 相關条目 馬雅文明 馬雅遺址列表 参考文献 Barrera Rubio, Alfredo and Carlos Peraza Lope. (2001) "La Pintura Mural de Mayapán", In La Pintura Mural Prehispánica en México: Área Maya, edited by Leticia Staines Cicero, Beatriz de la Fuentes, project director, pp. 419–446. Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, Universidad Autónoma de México, México, D.F. Brown, Clifford T. (1999) Mayapán Society and Ancient Maya Social Organization. Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, Tulane University. Brown, Clifford T. 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Harvard University, Cambridge. 外部連結 （英文）- Mayapan Archaeology Archive.today的存檔，存档日期2013-04-15 （英文）Mayapan Photo Essay （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）