Mexico (ƙasa)

Mexico (lafazi: /mekesiko/) ƙasa ne, da ke a nahiyar Amurka. Babban birnin Mexico ce. Mexico tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'i 1,972,550. Mexico tana da yawan jama'a 123,675,325, bisa ga jimillar shekarar 2017. Mexico tana da iyaka da Tarayyar Amurka (a arewa) kuma da Belize da Guatemala (a kudu maso gabas), Ya kasance yancin kai bayyana a shekarar 1810. Tarihi Wayewar 'yan asalin kafin tuntuɓar Turai (pre-1519) Manyan labarai: Pre-Columbian Mexico da Mesoamerican jerin lokuta Teotihuacan shine birni na 6 mafi girma a duniya a kololuwarsa (1 AD zuwa 500 AD) Haikali na Kukulcán (El Castillo) a cikin garin Maya na Chichen Itza Hoton zane-zane na Mexico-Tenochtitlan, babban birnin Aztec kuma birni mafi girma a Amurka a lokacin. An lalata birnin gaba daya a cikin 1521 na kewayen Tenochtitlan kuma an sake gina shi a matsayin birnin Mexico. Farkon kayan tarihi na ɗan adam a Meziko su ne guntu na kayan aikin dutse da aka samu a kusa da ragowar wuta a cikin kwarin Mexico da radiocarbon- kwanan wata kusan shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata. Mexico ita ce wurin da ake noman masara, tumatur, da wake, wanda ya samar da rarar noma. Wannan ya ba da damar sauye-sauye daga masu farauta na paleo-Indiya zuwa ƙauyuka masu zaman kansu tun daga shekara ta 5000 BC.Lokacin da aka tsara na Mesoamerica ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin ɗakuna shida masu zaman kansu na wayewa, wannan zamanin ya ga asalin dabi'un al'adu daban-daban kamar al'adun addini da na alama, noman masara, zane-zane da gine-ginen gine-gine da tsarin lambobi na vigesimal (tushe 20) wanda ya bazu daga al'adun Mexico zuwa sauran Mesoamerican al'adu. A cikin wannan lokaci, ƙauyuka sun zama masu yawa ta fuskar yawan jama'a, sun zama masu zaman kansu tare da masu sana'a, kuma suna tasowa zuwa manyan sarakuna. Manyan masu mulki suna da ikon addini da na siyasa, suna tsara gina manyan wuraren bukukuwa Wayewar farko ta farko a Mexico ita ce al'adun Olmec, wanda ya bunƙasa a Tekun Fasha daga kusan 1500 BC. Halayen al'adun Olmec sun bazu ta cikin Mexico zuwa wasu al'adu na zamani a Chiapas, Oaxaca, da kwarin Mexico. A cikin zamani na zamani na zamani, wayewar Maya da Zapotec sun haɓaka cibiyoyi masu rikitarwa a Calakmul da Monte Albán, bi da bi. A cikin wannan lokacin an haɓaka tsarin rubutun Mesoamerican na gaskiya na farko a cikin al'adun Epi-Olmec da Zapotec. Al'adar rubuce-rubucen Mesoamerican ta kai tsayinta a cikin rubutun Classic Maya Hieroglyphic, farkon rubutaccen tarihin tun daga wannan zamanin. Al'adar rubuce-rubuce tana da mahimmanci bayan cin nasarar Mutanen Espanya a cikin 1521, tare da marubutan 'yan asalin ƙasar suna koyon rubuta harsunansu cikin haruffa haruffa, yayin da kuma suna ci gaba da ƙirƙirar rubutun hoto. Mulki Mēxihco shine kalmar Nahuatl na tsakiyar daular Aztec, wato kwarin Mexico da yankuna da ke kewaye, tare da mutanensa da ake kira Mexica. An yi imani da cewa toponym na kwarin shine asalin asalin ƙabilanci na Aztec Triple Alliance, amma yana iya kasancewa akasin haka.. A zamanin mulkin mallaka (1521-1821) lokacin da aka san Mexico da New Spain, wannan yanki na tsakiya ya zama Nufin Mexico. Bayan New Spain ta sami 'yancin kai daga Daular Sipaniya a 1821 kuma ta zama ƙasa mai 'yanci an san Niyya da Jihar Mexico, tare da sunan sabuwar ƙasar da babban birninta: Mexico City. Sunan kasar dai ya sauya ne yayin da tsarin gwamnati ya sauya. Sanarwar 'yancin kai da aka sanya hannu a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 1813 ta wakilan Majalisar Anáhuac da ake kira yankin América Septentrional (Arewacin Amurka); Shirin 1821 na Iguala shima yayi amfani da América Septentrional. A lokuta biyu (1821-1823 da 1863-1867), an san ƙasar da Impero Mexicano (Daular Mexican). Duk kundin tsarin mulkin tarayya guda uku (1824, 1857, da 1917, tsarin mulki na yanzu) sun yi amfani da sunan Estados Unidos Mexicanos — ko kuma bambance-bambancen Estados-Unidos Mexicanos, duk an fassara su azaman "Ƙasar Mexico". Kalmar República Mexicana, "Jamhuriyar Mexica", an yi amfani da ita a cikin Dokokin Tsarin Mulki na 1836. Arziki Wasanni Fannin tsaro Kimiya Al'adu Addinai Mutane Hotuna Manazarta