Gandun ƙasa na tafkin Malawi

Wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Tafkin Malawi wurin shakatawa ne na ƙasa da ke ƙarshen kudancin Tafkin Malawi a Malawi, kudu maso gabashin Afirka . Shi ne wurin shakatawa na ƙasa kaɗai a Malawi da aka ƙirƙira da nufin kare kifaye da wuraren zama na ruwa. Duk da cewa wannan shine babban manufarsa, wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Tafkin Malawi ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai yawa, ciki har da wani yanki mai faɗi, bakin teku da wasu ƙananan tsibiran dutse a Tafkin Malawi. An rubuta wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na tafkin Malawi a matsayin Wurin Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO a shekarar 1984, wanda yake da "muhimmancin duniya ga kiyaye bambancin halittu saboda bambancin kifayensa". Wannan bambancin kifaye abin mamaki ne saboda mbuna, kamar yadda aka san kifin cichlid a yankin, ya ba da misali mai kyau na juyin halitta a wurin. Sauran halayen wurin shakatawa sun haɗa da kyawun yanayi na yankin, tare da yanayinsa mai ban mamaki wanda ya bambanta da ruwan tafkin mai tsabta. Shafin yanar gizon Tafkin Malawi yana cikin Babban Kwarin Rift . Tafkin yana da fadin 500 metres (1,640 ft) sama da matakin teku kuma, tare da zurfin 700 metres (2,300 ft) a wasu wurare, yana ɗaya daga cikin tafkuna mafi zurfi a duniya. Wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Tafkin Malawi ya ƙunshi kimanin 95 square kilometres (37 sq mi) na ƙasa da ruwa a ƙarshen kudu na tafkin. Wurin shakatawa ya haɗa da yawancin Tsibirin Nankumbu, wani tudu mai tsaunuka wanda ke juyawa arewa zuwa tafkin wanda ke ƙarewa a Cape Maclear, yankunan da ke kewaye da ruwa (yankin ruwa na kadarar ya kai 100 metres (330 ft) daga bakin tafkin kuma ya mamaye kashi 0.02% na jimlar yankin tafkin), Tuddan Mwenya, Tuddan Nkhudzi, Nkhudzi Spit, da tsibirai 13: Otter, Domwe, Thumbi West, Mumbo, Zimbabwe, Thumbi East, Mpanda, Boadzulu, Chinyankhwazi Rock, Chinyamwezi Rock, Nankoma, Maleri, da Nakantenga. Tsibirin ya tashi da ƙarfi daga gaba zuwa gaɓar teku zuwa ga kololuwar Nkhunguni 1,143 metres (3,750 ft) a yamma da kuma Dutsen Dzimwe 963 metres (3,160 ft) a gabas. Gandun suna cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa. Akwai ƙalilan mazauna a ɓangaren tsaunuka na yankin, amma akwai ƙauyuka da dama na kamun kifi a sassan da suka fi tsayi na bakin teku, mafi girma shine Chembe, kusa da Cape Maclear. Waɗannan ƙauyuka suna cikin wurin shakatawa amma ba sa cikinsa. Wurin Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO An rubuta wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na tafkin Malawi a matsayin wurin tarihi na duniya na UNESCO a shekarar 1984. Sharuɗɗan da suka cancanta a ƙarƙashinsu sune: Criterion (vii), kyawun yanayi na tafkin a ƙarƙashin babban kwarin rift na Afirka; Criterion (ix), mahimmancin tafkin saboda hasken da ke daidaitawa da kuma yanayin da ya faru a can tsakanin yawan kifayen cichlid, sama da nau'ikan kifaye 350 waɗanda ke cikin wurin shakatawa, kusan dukkansu suna da yawa ; da Criterion (x), mahimmancin wurin shakatawa na duniya don kiyaye bambancin halittu, duka ga yawan kifayen da ke cikin ruwa (watakila nau'ikan 1000) da kuma nau'ikan halittun dabbobi iri-iri ciki har da tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Fauna An kafa tafkin Malawi shekaru miliyan da suka gabata, kuma matakin ruwan ya canza sosai tsawon shekaru aru-aru. Wannan ya samar da damammaki daban-daban ga cichlids (wanda aka sani da mbuna ) da sauran kifaye da ke zaune a wurin, waɗanda suka saba da wurare daban-daban kuma suka rungumi salon rayuwa daban-daban a matsayin wani ɓangare na hasken juyin halitta irin na daidaitawar finches da Charles Darwin ya lura a Tsibirin Galápagos . An yi ƙiyasi daban-daban game da adadin nau'ikan cichlid da ke cikin Tafkin Malawi, tare da kimantawa mai karɓuwa 700. Kusan duk waɗannan nau'ikan suna da yawa, kuma wasu suna da ƙananan jeri: wani fili, wani tsibiri mai duwatsu ko 'yan mita ɗari na bakin teku. Da yawa ba a san su da kimiyya ba kuma har yanzu ba a bayyana su ba. Wurin shakatawa kuma gida ne ga dabbobi masu shayarwa ciki har da baboons na chacma, birai na vervet, dorinar ruwa, damisa, dawakai na yau da kullun, bushbucks, manyan kudus, da klipspringers . Haka kuma za a iya ganin kada, gaggafa na kifi na Afirka, da cormorants masu farin nono da kuma tsuntsayen wading, kingfishers, hornbills, nightjars, kestrels, masu cin ƙudan zuma masu lanƙwasa, da sauran nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa. Tarihi Dr. David Livingstone shi ne Bature na farko da ya ga Tafkin Nyassa, kamar yadda ake kiransa a lokacin, a shekarar 1859, kuma a shekarar 1875, Cocin Presbyterian na Scotland ya kafa wani aiki a Cape Maclear. An ce wani babban bishiyar baobab, wadda ake zargin ta wuce shekaru 800, ta kasance abin da Livingstone ya fi so a matsayin wurin da zai iya yin wa'azi da kuma yin magana da sauran masu wa'azi. Kaburburan masu wa'azi na farko guda biyar suma suna cikin wurin shakatawa. Hotunan Hotuna Manazarta