Tsibirin Likoma

Tsibirin Likoma shine mafi girma daga cikin tsibirai biyu a Tafkin Malawi, a Gabashin Afirka, ƙarami shine Chizumulu da ke kusa. Likoma da Chizumulu duka suna cikin Malawi, kuma tare sun kafa Gundumar Likoma. Kodayake tsibirai biyu suna da nisan kilomita kaɗan daga Mozambique, kuma an kewaye su da ruwan yankin Mozambican, dukansu biyu suna cikin Malawi. Yanayin ƙasa Tsibirin yana da yanki na 18 km2, kuma yana cikin arewa maso gabashin Tafkin Malawi, 7 km arewa maso yammacin Cobue, Mozambique. Garin da ya fi kusa da bakin tekun Malawi shine Chintheche. Tarihi An fara zama a tsibirin ne sakamakon Cinikin Bauta, wanda ya sa 'yan asalin su gudu zuwa tsibirin a matsayin wurin mafaka. A cikin 1884 Masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje daga Ofishin Jakadancin Jami'o'i zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya, don mayar da martani ga rokon da David Livingstone ya yi, sun kafa hedkwatar su a tsibirin Likoma. Saboda kasancewar masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na Burtaniya, an sanya tsibirin zuwa Malawi maimakon Mozambique lokacin da aka kafa iyakokin ƙasa a Gabashin Afirka bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II. Yanayi na halitta Duk da yawan jama'a, yanayin yanayi na tsibirin Likoma ba a lalata shi ba. Yankin bakin teku ya bambanta, tare da gangaren duwatsu, yashi da maras kyau. Gidan ciki na tsibirin galibi an rufe shi da ciyawa, tare da yawancin itatuwan baobab (na nau'in Adansonia digitata) da itatuwan mango. Fauna galibi ya kunshi kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians, tsuntsaye da wasu dabbobi marasa rai, gami da gizo-gizo. A bakin tekun, ana ganin aladu a wasu lokuta. Ruwa da ke kusa da Likoma, kamar yadda ya saba a Tafkin Malawi, yana karbar bakuncin cichlids da yawa; wasu nau'o'in, kamar Labidochromis caeruleus likomae, suna cikin yankin Likoma. Yawan jama'a Likoma tana da yawan jama'a, tare da kimanin mazauna 10,500 da suka warwatse a cikin ƙauyuka da yawa, babban shine garin Likoma mai suna; tsibirin Chizumulu da ke kusa yana da ƙarin mazauna 4,000. Ƙungiyoyin kabilun da aka fi wakilta sune mutanen Nyanja (60%) da Mutanen Tonga (25%), sannan ƙananan kungiyoyin Tumbuka, Yao, da Chewa. Babban aikin tattalin arzikinsu shine kamun kifi, kodayake noma (musamman shinkafa da cassava) suma suna wakiltar su. Garin Mbamba yana da kasuwa mai cike da aiki. Har ila yau, shafin yanar gizon Anglican Cathedral na St Peter, ɗaya daga cikin manyan majami'u a Afirka. A sakamakon talauci da rashin isasshen asibitoci, yanayin lafiyar jama'a a tsibirin yana da mahimmanci, kodayake ba a bayar da rahoton zazzabin cizon sauro (wanda ya yadu a Malawi) ba. A cikin 2005-6, Likoma ya kasance batun binciken kimiyya kan yaduwar cutar kanjamau da sauran cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i. Duk da karancin ci gaban tattalin arziki na Likoma, akwai makarantu da yawa da ke aiki da dukkan ƙauyuka, kuma karatu da rubutu ya yadu. Infrastructures da sufuri Likoma ba ta da hanyoyi masu kyau, kuma akwai motoci kaɗan. Ana samar da Wutar Lantarki ta hanyar janareta da bankin hasken rana. Wannan yana ba da wutar lantarki ta awa 24, ban da minti 1-5 a kusa da 10 na yamma, yayin da suke canza tushen wutar lantarki. Akwai karamin hanyar sadarwar tarho a tsibirin, kodayake wayoyin kansu ba su da yawa. Filin jirgin saman Likoma filin jirgin sama ne da aka samo a tsibirin kuma ana iya isa ta jirgin sama daga Lilongwe. Babban sufuri na tsibirin shine jirgin ruwa na MV Ilala wanda ke kewaye da Tafkin Malawi, yana tsayawa a manyan ƙauyuka da tsibirai. MV Chambo ya haɗa tsibirin da garin Nkhata Bay a gefen yammacin tafkin sau ɗaya a mako. Ƙananan jiragen ruwa (ciki har da dhows) sun haye ƙuƙwalwar tsakanin Likoma da Chizumulu, da kuma tsakanin Likoma le Cobue a Mozambique. Ana jigilar kayayyaki da mutane ta waɗannan hanyoyin. Manazarta