Ruwan Zawila

Zawila (wanda aka fi sani da Zuila, Zweila, Zwila, Zawilah, Zuwayla ko Zuweila) ƙauye ne a kudu maso yammacin Libya . A lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, ita ce babban birnin yankin Fezzan. Lokacin da Uqba ibn Nafi ya ratsa yankin a cikin 46 A.H. (666/67 AZ), babu wani birni a can. Zawila an zauna watakila a farkon karni na 8. Nan da nan ya zama babban gari na yankin. A farkon tarihinta, Hawwara Berbers ne suka mamaye ta, wadanda galibi suka bi Ibadism. Abbasids a karkashin Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i sun kama garin a cikin 762/63, kuma sun kashe mai mulkin Ibadi, Abd Allah ibn Hayyan, amma Ibadism ya ci gaba a Zuwila da Fezzan gabaɗaya. Garin ya zama wani ɓangare na yankunan Rustamid, duk da cewa yana kwance a gefen gabashin mulkin su. Bayan mutuwar daular Rustamid a hannun Fatimids, a cikin 918/19 Zawila ya zama babban birnin wata jiha mai zaman kanta ta Ibadi, a ƙarƙashin daular Berber Banu Khattab, wanda ya kasance har zuwa 1176/77. bawa-linkid="99" href="./Kanem_Empire" id="mwMQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kanem Empire">Daular Kanem ta fara mamaye yankin a karni na 11, amma Banu Khattab ya riƙe iko har sai wani Mamluk na Armenia, Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush, wanda, ya zo daga Masar, ya ci yankin a cikin 1170s. Kanem ya yi amfani da rashin kwanciyar hankali da Qaraqush ya kirkira, wanda a ƙarshen karni na 12 ya mallaki iko da Fezzan, ya kafa sabon babban birnin a Traghan, 'yan mil a yammacin Zawila. A wannan lokacin, Zawila ta ji daɗin wadata sosai daga aikin gona mai ban ruwa, samar da nau'ikan fata da ake kira bayan garin, da kuma matsayinta na musamman a kan hanyoyin cinikayya na Sahara. Birnin ya kasance mai arziki kuma mai arziki, shafin daya daga cikin manyan kasuwannin bayi da aka kama daga Tafkin Chadi. Fatimids sun dauki sojoji daga yankin, daga nan ne sunan ƙofar Bab Zuwayla a Alkahira. Tare da Berbers, garin ya kasance mazaunin baƙar fata ne, mai yiwuwa daga asalin Toubou da Kanuri. Gwamnatin Kanemi da alama ta kasance mai saurin wucewa bayan cin nasarar Fezzan a ƙarshen karni na 12. A wannan lokacin, Zawila ya zama ɗaya daga cikin yankuna masu yawa da Kanem-Bornu ya kafa a duk ƙasashensu kuma ya zama sananne don hakar gishiri. Tabbas, garuruwan Bornuan na yankin sun fara nuna karuwar ikon cin gashin kansu daga ikon Bornuan, suna gabatar da lokacin Semi-Independence yayin da tasirin daga Hafsids ya fara girma. Wannan lokacin ya kawo karshen kwatsam tare da cin nasarar Ottoman na Fezzan, amma gazawar haɗa tattalin arzikin yankunan karkara na Libya tare da gabar Bahar Rum ya haifar da rushewar hanyoyin kasuwanci na Sahara wanda ya shafi wadatar garin kuma ya rasa muhimmancinsa da matsayi na babban birnin. Lokacin da daular Awlad Muhammad ta kafa Murzuk a matsayin babban birninsu a yammacin Zawila, an karkatar da hanyoyin kasuwanci a can, kuma Zawila ya ɓace. Manazarta