Hîm

Koan-hē kāng miâ ê tiān-iáⁿ, chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ Hîm (tiān-iáⁿ). Hîm (Ursidae) sī tōa-hêng ê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, hun-lūi-ha̍k siōng sī Chia̍h-bah-ba̍k ē-té chi̍t kho. Hêng-thé Hîm it-poaⁿ sī ión-kiāⁿ tōa-chhāi, siong-tùi té kha. Sèng-pia̍t hun nn̄g hêng, kang hîm kha tōa-chiah, tōa-hêng ê bu̍t-chéng iû-kî ū chha. Tī lio̍k-tē siōng ê Chia̍h-bah-ba̍k tiong, hîm ê sin-thé siāng tāng, pì-jû chhiūⁿ Ursus arctos middendorffi chi̍t khoán chang-hîm chiū ē-tàng chhiau-kòe 750 kong-kin, ki-tiong kang--ê pêng-kin ū 480 kàu 533 kong-kin. Lēng-gōa mā ū kha sè-hêng ê bu̍t-chéng, pí-lūn kang Má-lâi-hîm thé-tang tāi-iok taⁿ ū 65 kong-kin. Pe̍h-hîm he̍k-chiá chang-hîm ê thé-tn̂g ē-tàng tōa kàu 300 kong-hun, keng-kah koân-tō͘ ū 160 kong-hun. Hîm ê bóe í-keng thè-hòa, tn̂g-tō͘ tùi 3 kàu 22 kong-hun pu̍t téng. Hîm sī ēng kha-té lâi kiâⁿ-lō͘ (plantigrade), chi̍t tiám kap ēng kha-chiⁿ teh kiâⁿ ê kî-tha chia̍h-bah-ba̍k tōng-bu̍t bô-kâng. Hîm cháu ê sok-tō͘ pí káu-kho ia̍h niau-kho bān, chóng-sī ē-tàng ēng āu-kha khiā khah chāi. Hun-pò͘ Tōa-hūn hîm-lūi lóng seng-oa̍h tī Pak Poàn-kiû; lēng-gōa, tû-liáu chi̍t chéng, lóng seng-oa̍h tī A-chiu, Au-chiu kap Pak Bí-chiu. Î-it ê lē-gōa Ba̍k-kiàⁿ-hîm (Tremarctos ornatus) khiā-khí só͘-chāi sī Lâm Bí-chiu ê Andes tē-khu. Hui-chiu kòe-khì pat ū Atlas-hîm (Ursus arctos crowtheri) oa̍h-tāng, chóng-sī í-kēng tī 19 sè-kí sî bia̍t-choa̍t. Hiān-sî hun-pò͘ hoān-ûi siāng tōa ê chi̍t lūi hîm sī chang-hîm, tùi Au-chiu, A-chiu kàu Pak Bí-chiu lóng ū oa̍h-tāng. Ki-tha koh ū Pak Bí-chiu ê Bí-chiu O͘-hîm kap Pak-kek tē-khu ê pe̍h-hîm. Chhun-loh ê chéng-lūi lóng tī A-chiu. Tû-liâu pe̍h-hîm, kî-tha hîm-lūi chú-iàu khiā tī chhim-nâ lāi. Hun-lūi A-chiu o͘-hîm kap pe̍h-hîm éng-kòe kui to̍k-li̍p ê sio̍k (Selenarctos kap Thalarctos). Melursus kap Helarctos chit 2-ê sio̍k ū sî-chūn kui Ursus. Ursidae-kho Ailuropodinae a-kho Tōa-hîm-niau, Ailuropoda melanoleuca Tremarctinae a-kho Ba̍k-kiàⁿ-hîm, Tremarctos ornatus Florida soaⁿ-tōng-hîm, Tremarctos floridanus (tn̄g-chéng) Tōa-té-chhùi-hîm, Arctodus simus (tn̄g-chéng) Té-chhùi-hîm, Arctodus pristinus (tn̄g-chéng) Ursinae a-kho Chong-hîm, Ursus arctos Bí-chiu o͘-hîm, Ursus americanus Pe̍h-hîm, Ursus maritimus A-chiu o͘-hîm, Ursus thibetanus Tâi-oân káu-hîm, Ursus thibetanus formosanus Auvergne Bear, Ursus minimus (tn̄g-chéng) Etruscan Bear, Ursus etruscus (tn̄g-chéng) Au-chiu soaⁿ-tōng-hîm, Ursus spelaeus (tn̄g-chéng) Atlas-hîm, Ursus crowtheri (tn̄g-chéng) Lán-hîm, Melursus ursinus Má-lâi-hîm, Helarctos malayanus Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat