Yokohama

Yokohama (lafazi : /yokohama/) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Japan. Yokohama tana da yawan jama'a 3,732,616 bisa ga jimillar 2016. An gina birnin Yokohama kafin karni na sha tara bayan haifuwan annabi Issa. Shugaban birni Yokohama Fumiko Hayashi ne. Hotuna Tarihi Tarihi Buɗe Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Yarjejeniya (1859–1868) Kafin Turawa su isa, Yokohama ƙaramin ƙauyen kamun kifi ne har zuwa ƙarshen zamanin mulkin Edo, lokacin da Japan ke da manufar keɓewa ta ƙasa, ba ta da hulɗa da baƙi sosai. Babban sauyi a tarihin Japan ya faru a 1853-54, lokacin da Commodore Matthew Perry ya isa kudancin Yokohama tare da rundunar jiragen ruwan Amurka, yana buƙatar Japan ta buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa da yawa don kasuwanci, kuma jirgin ruwan Tokugawa ya amince ta hanyar sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya da Aminci. Da farko an amince cewa ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwan da za a buɗe wa jiragen ruwan ƙasashen waje shine garin Kanagawa-juku (wanda yanzu ake kira Kanagawa Ward ) akan Tōkaidō, babbar hanya mai mahimmanci wacce ta haɗa Edo da Kyoto da Osaka. Duk da haka, Tokugawa shogunate ta yanke shawarar cewa Kanagawa-juku yana kusa da Tōkaidō don jin daɗi, kuma maimakon haka an gina wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa a fadin mashigar ruwa a ƙauyen masunta na Yokohama. An buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa ta Yokohama a hukumance a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1859. Yokohama ta zama cibiyar kasuwancin ƙasashen waje a Japan cikin sauri. Da farko baƙi sun mamaye gundumar ƙasa mai suna Kannai, gundumomin zama daga baya suka faɗaɗa yayin da mazaunin ya girma ya haɗa da yawancin gundumar Yamate mai tsayi da ke kallon birnin, wanda mazaunan Ingilishi ke kiranta da The Bluff . Sakamakon matsin lamba daga jami'an Amurka da Burtaniya, gwamnatin Tokugawa ta gina gundumar kasuwanci ta jima'i wadda aka buɗe a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1859, tare da gidajen karuwai 6 da kuma ma'aikatan jima'i 200 da aka amince da su. : 68 Yankin Yokohama wanda ya fi yawan gidajen karuwai an san shi da Bloodtown. : 67 Kannai, yankin kasuwanci da kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje (a zahiri, a cikin shingen), yana kewaye da wani rami, mazauna ƙasashen waje suna jin daɗin matsayin ƙasashen waje a ciki da wajen ginin. Hulɗa da jama'ar yankin, musamman samari matasa, a wajen matsugunin babu makawa ta haifar da matsaloli; Lamarin Namamugi, ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru kafin rugujewar shogunate, ya faru ne a yankin da yanzu ake kira Tsurumi Ward a 1862, kuma ya haifar da harin bam na Kagoshima a 1863. Domin kare muradun kasuwanci da diflomasiyya na Birtaniya a Yokohama, an kafa sansanin soja a shekarar 1862. Tare da karuwar cinikayya, adadin 'yan China sun fara zama a birnin. Yokohama ita ce wurin da aka fara samun manyan abubuwan tarihi a Japan, ciki har da karuwar karbuwar salon zamani na yammacin duniya, daukar hoto daga majagaba kamar Felice Beato, jaridar Turanci ta farko ta Japan, wacce aka buga a shekarar 1861, da kuma a shekarar 1865 kamfanin ice cream da giya na farko da aka samar a Japan. Wasannin nishaɗi da mazauna Yokohama suka gabatar wa Japan sun haɗa da tseren dawaki na Turai a shekarar 1862, wasan kurket a shekarar 1863 da kuma ƙungiyar rugby a shekarar 1866. Wata gobara mai tsanani ta lalata yawancin matsugunan ƙasashen waje a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1866, kuma cutar kuraje ta zama barazana ga lafiyar jama'a, amma birnin ya ci gaba da girma cikin sauri - yana jan hankalin baƙi da 'yan Japan. Zamanin Meiji da Taisho (1868-1923) Bayan Maido da Meiji a shekarar 1868, an ƙirƙiro tashar jiragen ruwa don cinikin siliki, babban abokin hulɗar ciniki shine Burtaniya. Tasirin ƙasashen yamma da canjin fasaha sun taimaka wajen kafa jaridar yau da kullun ta farko ta Japan (1870), fitilun titi na farko masu amfani da iskar gas (1872) da kuma layin dogo na farko da aka gina a Japan a wannan shekarar don haɗa Yokohama da Shinagawa da Shinbashi a Tokyo. A shekarar 1872, Jules Verne ya nuna Yokohama, wanda bai taɓa ziyarta ba, a cikin wani shiri na littafinsa mai suna Around the World in Eighty Days, wanda ya ɗauki yanayin birnin Japan mai saurin ci gaba, wanda ke mai da hankali kan ƙasashen duniya. A shekarar 1887, wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya, Samuel Cocking, ya gina tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a birnin. Da farko don amfanin kansa, wannan tashar wutar lantarki ta kwal ta zama tushen Kamfanin Hasken Wutar Lantarki na Yokohama. An kafa birnin a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1889. A lokacin da aka soke ikon mallakar yankunan baƙi a cikin 1899, Yokohama ita ce birni mafi girma a duniya a Japan, tare da yankunan baƙi da suka miƙe daga Kannai zuwa yankin Bluff da kuma babban garin Chinatown na Yokohama. A farkon karni na 20, an yi nuni da saurin ci gaban masana'antu. 'Yan kasuwa sun gina masana'antu a gefen filayen da aka sake kwatowa a arewacin birnin zuwa Kawasaki, wanda daga karshe ya zama yankin masana'antu na Keihin . Ci gaban masana'antar Japan ya kawo wadata, kuma iyalai masu arziki da yawa sun gina gidaje masu yawa a can, yayin da yawan jama'a daga Japan da Koriya ya karu sosai, wanda hakan ya haifar da kafa Kojiki-Yato, a lokacin mafi girman unguwa a Japan. Girgizar ƙasa ta Kantō da Yaƙin Duniya na II (1923-1945) An lalata yawancin Yokohama a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1923, sakamakon girgizar ƙasa ta Great Kantō . 'Yan sandan Yokohama sun ba da rahoton mutuwar mutane 30,771 kuma 47,908 sun ji rauni, daga cikin adadin mutanen da suka mutu kafin girgizar ƙasa na 434,170. Saboda jita-jitar tawaye da ɓarna, 'yan banga sun kashe 'yan Koriya da yawa a cikin unguwar marasa galihu ta Kojiki-yato, abin da ake kira kisan kiyashin Kanto . Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa 'yan Koriya sun yi amfani da sihirin baƙar fata don haifar da girgizar ƙasa. Dokar soji ta kasance har zuwa 19 ga Nuwamba, 1923. An yi amfani da tarkace daga girgizar ƙasa don dawo da filaye don wuraren shakatawa, mafi shahara shine Yamashita Park da ke bakin teku wanda aka buɗe a 1930. An sake gina Yokohama, amma sai aka sake lalata ta sakamakon hare-haren sama na Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Harin farko ya faru ne a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1942 a Doolittle Raid . An kiyasta cewa mutane 7,000–8,000 sun mutu a cikin safe ɗaya a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1945, a cikin abin da yanzu ake kira Babban Hare-haren Sama na Yokohama, lokacin da jiragen B-29 suka harba bam a birnin kuma cikin awa ɗaya da mintuna tara kacal, wanda ya rage kashi 42% na birnin ya zama tarkace. Ci gaba da bunƙasa bayan yaƙin A lokacin mamayar Amurka, Yokohama babban sansanin jigilar kayayyaki da ma'aikatan Amurka ne, musamman a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya . Bayan mamayar, yawancin ayyukan sojojin ruwan Amurka na gida sun ƙaura daga Yokohama zuwa sansanin Amurka da ke kusa da Yokosuka . Shekaru huɗu bayan an sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar San Francisco, an ayyana birnin bisa ga dokar gwamnati a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1956. An soke tsarin jirgin ƙasa da na trolleybus na birnin a shekarar 1972, a daidai lokacin da aka buɗe layin farko na tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Yokohama Municipal Subway . An kwatanta gina Minato Mirai 21 ("Port Future 21"), wani babban aikin ci gaban birane kan filayen da aka sake kwatowa a shekarar 1983, wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da " Philadelphia da Boston na Gabas" da Cibiyar City, Philadelphia da Downtown Boston da ke Gabashin Tekun Amurka . Minato Mirai 21 ta dauki nauyin bikin baje kolin Yokohama Exotic a shekarar 1989, wanda ya ga fara aikin jiragen ƙasa na maglev a bainar jama'a a Japan da kuma buɗe Cosmo Clock 21, wanda a lokacin shine mafi tsayin ƙafafun Ferris a duniya. 860 metres (2,820 ft) Gadar Yokohama Bay ta buɗe a wannan shekarar. A shekarar 1993, Minato Mirai 21 ta buɗe Hasumiyar Landmark ta Yokohama, gini na biyu mafi tsayi a Japan . An gudanar da wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2002 a watan Yuni a filin wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa na Yokohama . A shekarar 2009, birnin ya yi bikin cika shekaru 150 da buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma cika shekaru 120 da fara gudanar da gwamnatin birnin. Wani ɓangare na farko na aikin tunawa da wannan biki ya haɗa da taron ƙasa da ƙasa na huɗu na Tokyo kan ci gaban Afirka (TICAD). IV), wanda aka gudanar a Yokohama a watan Mayu na 2008. A watan Nuwamba na 2010, Yokohama ta karbi bakuncin taron hadin gwiwar tattalin arzikin Asiya da Pacific (APEC). Tarihi Buɗe Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Yarjejeniya (1859–1868) Kafin Turawa su isa, Yokohama ƙaramin ƙauyen kamun kifi ne har zuwa ƙarshen zamanin mulkin Edo, lokacin da Japan ke da manufar keɓewa ta ƙasa, ba ta da hulɗa da baƙi sosai. Babban sauyi a tarihin Japan ya faru a 1853-54, lokacin da Commodore Matthew Perry ya isa kudancin Yokohama tare da rundunar jiragen ruwan Amurka, yana buƙatar Japan ta buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa da yawa don kasuwanci, kuma jirgin ruwan Tokugawa ya amince ta hanyar sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya da Aminci. Da farko an amince cewa ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwan da za a buɗe wa jiragen ruwan ƙasashen waje shine garin Kanagawa-juku (wanda yanzu ake kira Kanagawa Ward ) akan Tōkaidō, babbar hanya mai mahimmanci wacce ta haɗa Edo da Kyoto da Osaka. Duk da haka, Tokugawa shogunate ta yanke shawarar cewa Kanagawa-juku yana kusa da Tōkaidō don jin daɗi, kuma maimakon haka an gina wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa a fadin mashigar ruwa a ƙauyen masunta na Yokohama. An buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa ta Yokohama a hukumance a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1859. Yokohama ta zama cibiyar kasuwancin ƙasashen waje a Japan cikin sauri. Da farko baƙi sun mamaye gundumar ƙasa mai suna Kannai, gundumomin zama daga baya suka faɗaɗa yayin da mazaunin ya girma ya haɗa da yawancin gundumar Yamate mai tsayi da ke kallon birnin, wanda mazaunan Ingilishi ke kiranta da The Bluff . Sakamakon matsin lamba daga jami'an Amurka da Burtaniya, gwamnatin Tokugawa ta gina gundumar kasuwanci ta jima'i wadda aka buɗe a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1859, tare da gidajen karuwai 6 da kuma ma'aikatan jima'i 200 da aka amince da su. : 68 Yankin Yokohama wanda ya fi yawan gidajen karuwai an san shi da Bloodtown. : 67 Kannai, yankin kasuwanci da kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje (a zahiri, a cikin shingen), yana kewaye da wani rami, mazauna ƙasashen waje suna jin daɗin matsayin ƙasashen waje a ciki da wajen ginin. Hulɗa da jama'ar yankin, musamman samari matasa, a wajen matsugunin babu makawa ta haifar da matsaloli; Lamarin Namamugi, ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru kafin rugujewar shogunate, ya faru ne a yankin da yanzu ake kira Tsurumi Ward a 1862, kuma ya haifar da harin bam na Kagoshima a 1863. Domin kare muradun kasuwanci da diflomasiyya na Birtaniya a Yokohama, an kafa sansanin soja a shekarar 1862. Tare da karuwar cinikayya, adadin 'yan China sun fara zama a birnin. Yokohama ita ce wurin da aka fara samun manyan abubuwan tarihi a Japan, ciki har da karuwar karbuwar salon zamani na yammacin duniya, daukar hoto daga majagaba kamar Felice Beato, jaridar Turanci ta farko ta Japan, wacce aka buga a shekarar 1861, da kuma a shekarar 1865 kamfanin ice cream da giya na farko da aka samar a Japan. Wasannin nishaɗi da mazauna Yokohama suka gabatar wa Japan sun haɗa da tseren dawaki na Turai a shekarar 1862, wasan kurket a shekarar 1863 da kuma ƙungiyar rugby a shekarar 1866. Wata gobara mai tsanani ta lalata yawancin matsugunan ƙasashen waje a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1866, kuma cutar kuraje ta zama barazana ga lafiyar jama'a, amma birnin ya ci gaba da girma cikin sauri - yana jan hankalin baƙi da 'yan Japan. Zamanin Meiji da Taisho (1868-1923) Bayan Maido da Meiji a shekarar 1868, an ƙirƙiro tashar jiragen ruwa don cinikin siliki, babban abokin hulɗar ciniki shine Burtaniya. Tasirin ƙasashen yamma da canjin fasaha sun taimaka wajen kafa jaridar yau da kullun ta farko ta Japan (1870), fitilun titi na farko masu amfani da iskar gas (1872) da kuma layin dogo na farko da aka gina a Japan a wannan shekarar don haɗa Yokohama da Shinagawa da Shinbashi a Tokyo. A shekarar 1872, Jules Verne ya nuna Yokohama, wanda bai taɓa ziyarta ba, a cikin wani shiri na littafinsa mai suna Around the World in Eighty Days, wanda ya ɗauki yanayin birnin Japan mai saurin ci gaba, wanda ke mai da hankali kan ƙasashen duniya. A shekarar 1887, wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya, Samuel Cocking, ya gina tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a birnin. Da farko don amfanin kansa, wannan tashar wutar lantarki ta kwal ta zama tushen Kamfanin Hasken Wutar Lantarki na Yokohama. An kafa birnin a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1889. A lokacin da aka soke ikon mallakar yankunan baƙi a cikin 1899, Yokohama ita ce birni mafi girma a duniya a Japan, tare da yankunan baƙi da suka miƙe daga Kannai zuwa yankin Bluff da kuma babban garin Chinatown na Yokohama. A farkon karni na 20, an yi nuni da saurin ci gaban masana'antu. 'Yan kasuwa sun gina masana'antu a gefen filayen da aka sake kwatowa a arewacin birnin zuwa Kawasaki, wanda daga karshe ya zama yankin masana'antu na Keihin . Ci gaban masana'antar Japan ya kawo wadata, kuma iyalai masu arziki da yawa sun gina gidaje masu yawa a can, yayin da yawan jama'a daga Japan da Koriya ya karu sosai, wanda hakan ya haifar da kafa Kojiki-Yato, a lokacin mafi girman unguwa a Japan. Girgizar ƙasa ta Kantō da Yaƙin Duniya na II (1923-1945) An lalata yawancin Yokohama a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1923, sakamakon girgizar ƙasa ta Great Kantō . 'Yan sandan Yokohama sun ba da rahoton mutuwar mutane 30,771 kuma 47,908 sun ji rauni, daga cikin adadin mutanen da suka mutu kafin girgizar ƙasa na 434,170. Saboda jita-jitar tawaye da ɓarna, 'yan banga sun kashe 'yan Koriya da yawa a cikin unguwar marasa galihu ta Kojiki-yato, abin da ake kira kisan kiyashin Kanto . Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa 'yan Koriya sun yi amfani da sihirin baƙar fata don haifar da girgizar ƙasa. Dokar soji ta kasance har zuwa 19 ga Nuwamba, 1923. An yi amfani da tarkace daga girgizar ƙasa don dawo da filaye don wuraren shakatawa, mafi shahara shine Yamashita Park da ke bakin teku wanda aka buɗe a 1930. An sake gina Yokohama, amma sai aka sake lalata ta sakamakon hare-haren sama na Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Harin farko ya faru ne a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1942 a Doolittle Raid . An kiyasta cewa mutane 7,000–8,000 sun mutu a cikin safe ɗaya a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1945, a cikin abin da yanzu ake kira Babban Hare-haren Sama na Yokohama, lokacin da jiragen B-29 suka harba bam a birnin kuma cikin awa ɗaya da mintuna tara kacal, wanda ya rage kashi 42% na birnin ya zama tarkace. Tarihi Buɗe Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Yarjejeniya (1859–1868) Kafin Turawa su isa, Yokohama ƙaramin ƙauyen kamun kifi ne har zuwa ƙarshen zamanin mulkin Edo, lokacin da Japan ke da manufar keɓewa ta ƙasa, ba ta da hulɗa da baƙi sosai. Babban sauyi a tarihin Japan ya faru a 1853-54, lokacin da Commodore Matthew Perry ya isa kudancin Yokohama tare da rundunar jiragen ruwan Amurka, yana buƙatar Japan ta buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa da yawa don kasuwanci, kuma jirgin ruwan Tokugawa ya amince ta hanyar sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya da Aminci. Da farko an amince cewa ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwan da za a buɗe wa jiragen ruwan ƙasashen waje shine garin Kanagawa-juku (wanda yanzu ake kira Kanagawa Ward ) akan Tōkaidō, babbar hanya mai mahimmanci wacce ta haɗa Edo da Kyoto da Osaka. Duk da haka, Tokugawa shogunate ta yanke shawarar cewa Kanagawa-juku yana kusa da Tōkaidō don jin daɗi, kuma maimakon haka an gina wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa a fadin mashigar ruwa a ƙauyen masunta na Yokohama. An buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa ta Yokohama a hukumance a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1859. Yokohama ta zama cibiyar kasuwancin ƙasashen waje a Japan cikin sauri. Da farko baƙi sun mamaye gundumar ƙasa mai suna Kannai, gundumomin zama daga baya suka faɗaɗa yayin da mazaunin ya girma ya haɗa da yawancin gundumar Yamate mai tsayi da ke kallon birnin, wanda mazaunan Ingilishi ke kiranta da The Bluff . Sakamakon matsin lamba daga jami'an Amurka da Burtaniya, gwamnatin Tokugawa ta gina gundumar kasuwanci ta jima'i wadda aka buɗe a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1859, tare da gidajen karuwai 6 da kuma ma'aikatan jima'i 200 da aka amince da su. : 68 Yankin Yokohama wanda ya fi yawan gidajen karuwai an san shi da Bloodtown. : 67 Kannai, yankin kasuwanci da kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje (a zahiri, a cikin shingen), yana kewaye da wani rami, mazauna ƙasashen waje suna jin daɗin matsayin ƙasashen waje a ciki da wajen ginin. Hulɗa da jama'ar yankin, musamman samari matasa, a wajen matsugunin babu makawa ta haifar da matsaloli; Lamarin Namamugi, ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru kafin rugujewar shogunate, ya faru ne a yankin da yanzu ake kira Tsurumi Ward a 1862, kuma ya haifar da harin bam na Kagoshima a 1863. Domin kare muradun kasuwanci da diflomasiyya na Birtaniya a Yokohama, an kafa sansanin soja a shekarar 1862. Tare da karuwar cinikayya, adadin 'yan China sun fara zama a birnin. Yokohama ita ce wurin da aka fara samun manyan abubuwan tarihi a Japan, ciki har da karuwar karbuwar salon zamani na yammacin duniya, daukar hoto daga majagaba kamar Felice Beato, jaridar Turanci ta farko ta Japan, wacce aka buga a shekarar 1861, da kuma a shekarar 1865 kamfanin ice cream da giya na farko da aka samar a Japan. Wasannin nishaɗi da mazauna Yokohama suka gabatar wa Japan sun haɗa da tseren dawaki na Turai a shekarar 1862, wasan kurket a shekarar 1863 da kuma ƙungiyar rugby a shekarar 1866. Wata gobara mai tsanani ta lalata yawancin matsugunan ƙasashen waje a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1866, kuma cutar kuraje ta zama barazana ga lafiyar jama'a, amma birnin ya ci gaba da girma cikin sauri - yana jan hankalin baƙi da 'yan Japan. Zamanin Meiji da Taisho (1868-1923) Bayan Maido da Meiji a shekarar 1868, an ƙirƙiro tashar jiragen ruwa don cinikin siliki, babban abokin hulɗar ciniki shine Burtaniya. Tasirin ƙasashen yamma da canjin fasaha sun taimaka wajen kafa jaridar yau da kullun ta farko ta Japan (1870), fitilun titi na farko masu amfani da iskar gas (1872) da kuma layin dogo na farko da aka gina a Japan a wannan shekarar don haɗa Yokohama da Shinagawa da Shinbashi a Tokyo. A shekarar 1872, Jules Verne ya nuna Yokohama, wanda bai taɓa ziyarta ba, a cikin wani shiri na littafinsa mai suna Around the World in Eighty Days, wanda ya ɗauki yanayin birnin Japan mai saurin ci gaba, wanda ke mai da hankali kan ƙasashen duniya. A shekarar 1887, wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya, Samuel Cocking, ya gina tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a birnin. Da farko don amfanin kansa, wannan tashar wutar lantarki ta kwal ta zama tushen Kamfanin Hasken Wutar Lantarki na Yokohama. An kafa birnin a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1889. A lokacin da aka soke ikon mallakar yankunan baƙi a cikin 1899, Yokohama ita ce birni mafi girma a duniya a Japan, tare da yankunan baƙi da suka miƙe daga Kannai zuwa yankin Bluff da kuma babban garin Chinatown na Yokohama. A farkon karni na 20, an yi nuni da saurin ci gaban masana'antu. 'Yan kasuwa sun gina masana'antu a gefen filayen da aka sake kwatowa a arewacin birnin zuwa Kawasaki, wanda daga karshe ya zama yankin masana'antu na Keihin . Ci gaban masana'antar Japan ya kawo wadata, kuma iyalai masu arziki da yawa sun gina gidaje masu yawa a can, yayin da yawan jama'a daga Japan da Koriya ya karu sosai, wanda hakan ya haifar da kafa Kojiki-Yato, a lokacin mafi girman unguwa a Japan. Buɗe Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Yarjejeniya (1859–1868) Kafin Turawa su isa, Yokohama ƙaramin ƙauyen kamun kifi ne har zuwa ƙarshen zamanin mulkin Edo, lokacin da Japan ke da manufar keɓewa ta ƙasa, ba ta da hulɗa da baƙi sosai. Babban sauyi a tarihin Japan ya faru a 1853-54, lokacin da Commodore Matthew Perry ya isa kudancin Yokohama tare da rundunar jiragen ruwan Amurka, yana buƙatar Japan ta buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa da yawa don kasuwanci, kuma jirgin ruwan Tokugawa ya amince ta hanyar sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya da Aminci. Da farko an amince cewa ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwan da za a buɗe wa jiragen ruwan ƙasashen waje shine garin Kanagawa-juku (wanda yanzu ake kira Kanagawa Ward ) akan Tōkaidō, babbar hanya mai mahimmanci wacce ta haɗa Edo da Kyoto da Osaka. Duk da haka, Tokugawa shogunate ta yanke shawarar cewa Kanagawa-juku yana kusa da Tōkaidō don jin daɗi, kuma maimakon haka an gina wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa a fadin mashigar ruwa a ƙauyen masunta na Yokohama. An buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa ta Yokohama a hukumance a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1859. Yokohama ta zama cibiyar kasuwancin ƙasashen waje a Japan cikin sauri. Da farko baƙi sun mamaye gundumar ƙasa mai suna Kannai, gundumomin zama daga baya suka faɗaɗa yayin da mazaunin ya girma ya haɗa da yawancin gundumar Yamate mai tsayi da ke kallon birnin, wanda mazaunan Ingilishi ke kiranta da The Bluff . Sakamakon matsin lamba daga jami'an Amurka da Burtaniya, gwamnatin Tokugawa ta gina gundumar kasuwanci ta jima'i wadda aka buɗe a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1859, tare da gidajen karuwai 6 da kuma ma'aikatan jima'i 200 da aka amince da su. : 68 Yankin Yokohama wanda ya fi yawan gidajen karuwai an san shi da Bloodtown. : 67 Kannai, yankin kasuwanci da kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje (a zahiri, a cikin shingen), yana kewaye da wani rami, mazauna ƙasashen waje suna jin daɗin matsayin ƙasashen waje a ciki da wajen ginin. Hulɗa da jama'ar yankin, musamman samari matasa, a wajen matsugunin babu makawa ta haifar da matsaloli; Lamarin Namamugi, ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru kafin rugujewar shogunate, ya faru ne a yankin da yanzu ake kira Tsurumi Ward a 1862, kuma ya haifar da harin bam na Kagoshima a 1863. Manazarta