HaMakhtesh HaKatan

HaMakhtesh HaKatan ( Hebrew , haske. Karamin Crater) ko kuma kawai Makhtesh HaKatan ko Makhtesh Katan, shi ne makhtesh, yanayin ƙasa mai yazayar ƙasa, wanda ke cikin hamadar Negev ta Isra'ila . Na 5 km da 7 km, ita ce ta uku mafi girma a cikin makhteshim biyar a Negev, daga jimillar manyan makhteshim bakwai da aka sani, biyu daga cikinsu suna cikin hamadar Sinai ta Masar . Masu binciken Yahudawa ne suka tsara shi a cikin 1942. A watan Yunin 2019, Jihar Isra'ila ta ayyana rami a matsayin ajiyar yanayi. Bayyanawa Siffar rami kusan zagaye ne. Matsakaicin tsawonsa ya kai kusan kilomita 8, faɗin kusan kilomita 6, kuma zurfinsa kusan mita 400. Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ke saukowa cikin rami: na farko shine "Ma'ale Eli" a kusurwar kudu maso yammacin rami, yana fitowa daga Ma'ale Akrabim; na biyu shine "Ma 'ale Hatira," wanda yake wani ɓangare na tsohuwar hanyar da ta hau daga Nahal Zin zuwa Metzad Tamar kuma ta sauka a gefen arewa maso gabashin rami. Nahal Hatira shine rafin da ke zubar da karamin rami zuwa Nahal Zin da Arabah . Kogin ya ratsa ta hanyar rami a bangon kudu maso gabashin rami (wanda aka sani da Ƙofar Asmodeus ko Ƙofar Iblis), wanda yake wani ɓangare na Hatira Ridge. An san karamin rami da dutsen yashi mai launi. Launi na sandstone ya bambanta tsakanin launin toka, launin ruwan kasa, rawaya, ja, purple, da fari. Launuka na dutse sun samo asali ne daga ƙananan ƙarfe. Kafawa Craters a cikin Negev wani tsari ne mai ban sha'awa, kamar yadda ake buƙatar haɗuwa da yanayi da yawa don rami ya zama: wani asymmetrical anticline, duwatsu masu tsauri daban-daban (ƙananan duwatsu masu ƙarfi kamar dutse ko dolomite a saman, da kuma dutse mai laushi a ƙasa), kogi wanda ke lalata abubuwan da ke cikin rami tare da ƙananan rushewar ƙasa, da kuma yanayin hamada (ƙasa wanda ke adana bangon rami daga yanayin yanayi). A mataki na farko, an ajiye wani nau'i na sandstone a cikin yanayin ƙasa. Ambaliyar Tethys Sea ta haifar da zubar da duwatsu masu laushi - dutse mai laushi da dolomite - a saman sandstones masu laushi. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 90 da suka gabata, dakarun da suka karkata sun fara aiki a yankin. Wadannan dakarun sun yi aiki na kimanin shekaru miliyan 40, suna kirkirar Negev anticlines (dutse da aka kafa daga ninka ƙasa), gami da Hatira anticline. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 30 da suka gabata, teku ta janye daga yankin Negev. Komawar teku ta fallasa yankin ga hanyoyin yanayi na ƙasa wanda ya lalata saman anticlines. Yankin da aka yi da dutse mai laushi ya lalace, kuma an fallasa dutse mai taushi a cikin anticline. Layer na sandstone ya lalace da sauri kuma Nahal Hatira ya ɗauke shi. Cirewar yashi ya haifar da yashi mai wuya ya rushe, ya fadada rami kuma ya haifar da ganuwarsa ta tsaye. Tarihi Ƙananan rami ya bayyana a kan "Newcombe Map," wanda sojojin Burtaniya suka shirya a shekara ta 1914 a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen yakin duniya na . Taswirar Newcombe ba a sani ba ga mazaunin Yahudawa, kuma an gano rami ne ta hanyar sa'a yayin yawon shakatawa da mambobin ƙungiyar HaMachanot HaOlim suka yi a 1942. A cewar su, gano "rami," kamar yadda suka kira shi, ya ba da mamaki har ma da jagorar su na Bedouin. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1958, Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) ya kammala bude hanyar kilomita 13 da ke haɗa ƙaramin rami zuwa hanyar Be'er Sheva-Sedom. An buɗe hanyar ga kamfanin mai na ƙasa da ke neman mai a yankin. Masana'antu da kiyayewa Kusa da fitowar rami a Nahal Hatira, ana gudanar da hako ruwa, yana kawo ruwan gishiri. Ana zuba ruwa zuwa masana'antun da ke aiki a yankin, gami da "Arad Complex Plants". Ƙananan rami yana daga cikin Negev Craters Nature Reserve kuma an dauke shi dukiyar halitta mai muhimmanci a duniya saboda siffofin geological na musamman da babban kyau. Sakamakon haka, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi da Gidajen Gidajen Isra'ila tana gudanar da ayyukan kiyayewa da sabuntawa a ciki da kewayen rami. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo Manazarta