Ilaniya

Ilaniya ( Hebrew ) wani yanki ne na moshav a arewacin Isra'ila . Wanda kuma aka sani da Sejera, bayan ƙauyen Larabawa da ke makwabtaka da shi na al-Shajara, shine farkon matsugunin Yahudawa a yankin Lower Galilee kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsugunin Yahudawa na Galili tun daga farkon shekarunsa har zuwa Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948. Tana ƙarƙashin ikon Majalisar Yankin Lower Galilee, kuma tana da yawan jama'a 528 a shekarar 2024 [ 1 ] Tarihi Zamanin da suka gabata Kusa da Ilaniya, masana ilmin kayan tarihi sun gano ragowar wani tsohon matsugunin Yahudawa. Daga baya an gina ƙauyen Larabawa na al-Shajarah a saman ragowar. Ragowar wani tsohon gini da aka rubuta a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 ya ƙunshi rubutu a cikin Girkanci kuma da farko an san shi a matsayin coci ko haikali. Duk da haka, yanzu ana tsammanin ginin ya kasance tsohon majami'a . Wannan ƙarshe ya dogara ne akan gutsuttsuran gine-gine da aka saba gani a majami'u, kamar waɗanda aka samu a Kafarnahum da Bar'am . Bugu da ƙari, an haƙa magudanar ruwa kusa da tsohuwar rijiya a shekarar 1985, inda aka gano tsabar kuɗin Sarki Herod Agrippa . Wani tsohon kogon binnewa kusa da Ilaniya yana nuna wani zane mai launin ja a bango ɗaya, tare da haruffa marasa bambanci a rubutun Yahudawa waɗanda ba a bincika su ba. Matsugunan Yahudawa na zamani An kafa yankin noma na Sejera, wanda daga baya aka kafa Ilaniya, daga 1900 zuwa 1902 a kan ƙasar da Baron Edmond James de Rothschild ya saya, wanda aka mayar da shi ga hukumar kula da Yahudawan Mulkin Mallaka (JCA/ICA) a 1899. A wannan shekarar, JCA ta kuma sayi ƙarin fili don yankin da aka tsara. Mazauna farko mazauna Safed ne, ƙungiyar baƙi daga Kurdistan, da iyalai takwas na Subbotniks ( Kiristocin Rasha waɗanda suka koma Yahudanci ), dangin Dubrovin suna ɗaya daga cikinsu. Ƙaramin matsugunin da JCA ta kafa yana da sassa biyu, yankin manoma masu raba amfanin gona ga manoma masu ƙwarewa, da kuma gonar horar da ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa. Na farko ya ƙunshi wani ɗan gajeren titi mai gidaje masu zaman kansu a ɓangarorin biyu tare da filayen lambu a gaba da kuma rumfuna a baya. Gonar horarwa tana da ɗan tsayi a saman gangaren, tare da wani fili da aka kewaye da bango da ɗakuna guda ɗaya ga ma'aikata. Babban manufar ta fito ne daga jami'in JCA Chaim Margalioth Kalvarisky. Manufar JCA ita ce taimakawa wajen daidaita ƙasar da ƙwararrun manoma Yahudawa, ana ɗaukar noma a matsayin aiki mai kyau da na tattalin arziki. Ba tare da son gudanar da aikinsu a matsayin ƙungiyar agaji kamar Baron de Rothschild ba, shugabannin JCA a Paris sun yi tsammanin gonar horarwa za ta wadatar da kanta kuma ta samar da riba. Lokacin da hakan bai faru ba, sun maye gurbin Kalvarisky a shekarar 1901 da matashin masanin noma Eliyahu Krause. Tun lokacin da gonar ta ci gaba da asarar kuɗi, JCA ta fara a shekarar 1906 wani tsari na rage gonar horarwa da ake gudanarwa da kuma mayar da filayen da aka ware wa masu hannun jari a hankali. Tsakanin 1907 da 1908, an ba wa wata ƙungiyar gurguzu ƙarƙashin jagorancin Manya Wilbushewitch da Israel Shochat kwangilar gudanar da gonar da kanta na tsawon shekara guda, ba tare da tsangwama daga gwamnati ba. Wilbushewitch ya sami goyon bayan Yehoshua Hankin, wanda ya kawo Eliahu Krause don tsara tsarin aiki. Membobin ƙungiyar goma sha takwas, samari da mata daga Sejera da sauran wurare a Falasɗinu, tare da taimakon wasu masu tausayawa, sun sami nasarar samar da riba da kuma tabbatar da aiki mai ɗorewa ga dukkan ma'aikatan Sejera (tare da sakamakon da ba a buƙatar ma'aikatan Larabawa a waje), yayin da kuma suka fara samar da daidaito ga mata. Tare da aikinsu a noma, akwai tarurrukan ilimi na yau da kullun inda suka koyi Ibrananci daga wani saurayi mai suna David Grün (wanda zai ci gaba da zama firayim minista na farko na Isra'ila a ƙarƙashin sunan David Ben-Gurion), Larabci daga wani ɗan ƙauye na Larabawa, ka'idar gurguzu daga Manya Wilbushewitch, da kuma sabbin labarai daga Isra'ila Shochat . Ba a bainar jama'a ba, ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da Sejera don horar da sabuwar ƙungiyar kare kai ta Yahudawa ta Bar-Giora, wadda daga ƙarshe ta karɓi ragamar mulki daga Circassians da Larabawa a Sejera da sauran matsugunan Yahudawa da ke kusa. Manya Wilbushewitch da Israel Shochat sun yi aure a Sejera a shekarar 1908. Ben Gurion ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gona sannan daga baya ya zama mai gadi na tsawon watanni 13 daga 1908; a lokacin Sejera tana da yawan jama'a kusan 200. A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1909, an kashe Yahudawa biyu daga Sejera a rikicin da ya biyo bayan mutuwar wani ɗan ƙauye daga Kfar Kanna, wanda aka harbe shi a wani yunƙurin fashi. Duk da nasarar tattalin arziki, JCA ba ta sabunta yarjejeniyar da aka yi da ƙungiyar gurguzu ba a ƙarshen gwajin shekara guda. Ta hanyar ɗaukar abin da ke ɗaya daga cikin gonakin da ba su da riba sosai a ƙasar da kuma samar da shi riba, Manya Shochat ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyinta na haɗin gwiwa na jama'a na iya aiki. Wannan ƙungiya ta farko mai ra'ayin gurguzu da sahyoniya a Falasɗinu ana ɗaukarta a matsayin muhimmiyar mafarin ƙungiyar kibbutz kuma ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan matsugunan Yahudawa a karkara a Falasɗinu. A tsakanin 1912-1913, an rufe gonar horarwa, an mayar da filayenta ga masu raba gonaki ko kuma an sayar da ita ga wani kamfanin gonakin Yahudawa. Duk da haka, bayan fiye da shekaru goma na koyar da muhimman ƙwarewa ga ma'aikatan noma, da kuma ta hanyar haɗa wasu manyan majagaba na Aliyah ta Farko da ta Biyu waɗanda za su ci gaba da kafa kayayyakin more rayuwa na al'ummar Yahudawa kafin zamaninsu, za a iya cewa gonar ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin harkokin kasuwancin Yahudawa. A lokacin Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948, Sojojin 'Yantar da Falasɗinu, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Fawzi al-Qawuqji, sun kai hari ga ƙauyen sau da yawa. Yawancin mazaunan Yahudawa sun yi watsi da wurin na ɗan lokaci, yayin da sauran suka shiga cikin yaƙin. Zuwa shekarar 1949, matsugunin ya faɗaɗa ya kuma haɗa da yankin ƙauyen Larabawa na Falasɗinu mai makwabtaka da shi na al-Shajara, wanda ya kasance ƙasa da mutane a lokacin yaƙin. A wani lokaci Ilaniya ya zama mai son kai. Fitattun mazauna David Ben Gurion Judith Marquet-Krause Manazarta