Zab Hilir

Zab Besar or Zab Hilir (Arab: الزَّاب الْكَبِيْر, romanized: ez-Zâb el-Kebîrcode: ar is deprecated ; Kurdi: Zêy Badînancode: ku is deprecated atau Zêyê Mezincode: ku is deprecated ; Turki: Zapcode: tr is deprecated ; Syriac: ܙܒܐ ܥܠܝܐ, romanized: zāba ʻalyacode: syr is deprecated ) adalah sungai dengan panjang sekitar 400-kilometer (250 mi) yang mengalir melalui Turki dan Irak. Sungai ini berhulu di Turki dekat Danau Van dan bergabung dengan Sungai Tigris di Irak selatan Mosul. Sepanjang alirannya, sungai ini mengumpulkan air dari banyak anak sungai dan daerah aliran sungai Zab Hilir mencakup sekitar 40.300 kilometer persegi (15.600 sq mi). Sungai dan anak sungainya terutama dialiri oleh air hujan dan lelehan salju – akibatnya, debit air sangat berfluktuasi sepanjang tahun. Setidaknya enam bendungan telah direncanakan di Great Zab dan anak sungainya, tetapi pembangunan hanya satu, yaitu Bendungan Bekhme, yang telah dimulai tetapi dihentikan setelah Perang Teluk I. Pegunungan Zagros telah dihuni setidaknya sejak Paleolitikum Awal, dan pendudukan Neanderthal di lembah Zab Hilir telah dibuktikan di situs arkeologi Gua Shanidar. Catatan sejarah untuk wilayah ini tersedia sejak akhir milenium ketiga SM dan seterusnya. Pada periode Kekaisaran Asyur Baru, Zab Hilir menyediakan air untuk irigasi bagi lahan di sekitar ibu kota Nimrud. Pertempuran Zab – yang mengakhiri Kekhalifahan Umayyah – terjadi di dekat anak sungai Zab Besar, dan lembah-lembah sungai tersebut menyediakan tempat berlindung bagi para pengungsi dari penaklukan Irak oleh Mongol. Selama abad ke-19 dan ke-20, lembah Great Zab menyaksikan pemberontakan yang sering terjadi dari Kurdi setempat yang berjuang untuk otonomi. Referensi Kutipan Daftar pustaka Al-Soof, Abu (1968), "Distribution of Uruk, Jamdat Nasr and Ninevite V Pottery as Revealed by Field Survey Work in Iraq", Iraq, 30 (1): 74–86, doi:10.2307/4199840, ISSN 0021-0889, JSTOR 4199840, S2CID 131371983 Benlic, S. 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