Tafkin Wular

Wular Lake (pronunciation Urdu:), wanda aka fi sani da Wolar (pronunciations Kashmiri: [ʋɔlar]) a cikin Kashmiri, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tabkuna na ruwa mai Gashi a cikin Yankin Indiya. Tana kusa da Garin Bandipora a cikin Gundumar Bandipora ta Jammu da Kashmir, Indiya. An kafa tafkin ne sakamakon aikin tectonic kuma Kogin Jhelum da raƙuman Madhumati da Arin ne ke ciyar da shi.urururks Girman tafkin ya bambanta a yanayi daga murabba'in kilomita 30 zuwa 189. Bugu da kari, yawancin tafkin an zubar da ruwa sakamakon dasa shuke-shuke a bakin tekun a cikin shekarun 1950. Tarihi Magana A zamanin da, ana kiran Tafkin Wular da Mahapadmasar (Sanskrit: महापद्मसरः). Nilamata Purana kuma ta ambaci shi da Mahapadmasaras. Tafkin, tare da girmansa da kuma girman ruwa, yana haifar da raƙuman ruwa masu tsalle-tsalle da rana, wanda ake kira Ullola a Sanskrit, ma'ana "tsalle-tsalle masu guguwa, raƙuman ruwa masu tasowa". Saboda haka, ana kiransa da Ullola. Ana kyautata zaton ya lalace tsawon ƙarni zuwa Wulor ko Wular. Ana iya danganta asalin da kalmar Kashmiri 'Wul', wacce ke nufin gibi ko tsagewa, sunan da dole ne ya zo a wannan lokacin. Kalmar Wul (gibi ko tsagewa) kuma alama ce ta asalinsa daga tsagewa ko gibi da aka ƙirƙira.. An yi la'akari da sultan na Kashmiri Zain-ul-Abidin da ya ba da umarnin gina tsibirin wucin gadi na Zaina Lank a tsakiyar tafkin a cikin 1444. Bisa ga imanin gargajiya a kusa da Tafkin Wular, akwai wani birni wanda sarkinsa shine Raja Sudrasen. Saboda girman laifukansa, ruwan tafkin ya tashi ya nutsar da shi da talakawansa. An ce a lokacin watanni na hunturu, a cikin ruwa mai ƙarancin ruwa, ana iya ganin rushewar haikalin gunkin da ke cikin ruwa suna tashi daga tafkin. Zayn Ul Aabidin ya gina wani jirgin ruwa mai faɗi wanda ya nutse a cikin tafkin kuma a kan abin da ya kafa harsashin tubali da duwatsu har sai ya tashi sama don ya kasance a matakin kamar ruwa. A kan wannan, ya gina Masallaci da sauran gine-gine kuma ya ba tsibirin sunan Lanka. Kudin wannan aikin ya biya ta hanyar gano gumaka biyu na zinariya mai ƙarfi, wanda masu nutsewa suka kawo daga tafkin. Kifi Wular Lake wani muhimmin wurin zama ne na kifi, babban nau'in shine carp na yau da kullun (Cyprinus carpio), barb mai laushi (Barbus conchonius), kifin sauro (Gambusia affinis), nau'in Nemacheilus, Crossocheilus latius, da nau'in snowtrout daban-daban a cikin jinsunan Schizopyge da Schizothorax. Nau'in Snowtrout da aka gano a cikin tafkin sun haɗa da Sattar snowtrout (Schizopyge curvifrons), Chirruh snowtrout, Schizothorax planifrons, Schizothorax macropogon, Schizothorax longipinus da Chush snowtrout. Tsuntsaye Tafkin yana da wadataccen yawan tsuntsaye. Tsuntsaye na duniya da aka lura a kusa da tafkin sun haɗa da Black-eared kite, Eurasian sparrowhawk, short-toed eagle, Himalayan golden eagle, himalayan monal, chukar partridge, Koklass pheasant, rock dove, common cuckoo, alpine swift, Indian roller, Himalayaan woodpecker, hoopoe, barn swallow, golden oriole, da sauransu. Tattalin Arziki Shuke-shuke na ruwa Sauran iyalai da yawa suna girbi Tsire-tsire na ruwa, kamar su ciyawa Phragmites da ruwa mai kama da Nymphoides, daga tafkin don amfani da mutum da abinci na dabba. Kifi Kifi daga Tafkin Wular ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na abincin ga dubban mutane da ke zaune a bakin tekun da sauran wurare a Kwarin Kashmir. Fiye da masunta dubu takwas suna samun rayuwarsu daga tafkin, da farko kamun kifi ga nau'in Schizothorax da kuma wadanda ba na asali ba. Abin da suka kama ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 60 cikin 100 na jimlar kifi a Kashmir. Daruruwan sauran mazauna ƙauyen suna aiki da ƙungiyoyin hadin gwiwa waɗanda ke cinikin kifin da aka kama. Yawon shakatawa Jirgin ruwa, wasanni na ruwa, da tseren ruwa sun ƙaddamar da Gwamnatin Indiya ta Yawon shakatawa tare da hadin gwiwar Kerala Tourism da J&K Tourism. An ba da kwangilar don aiki na shafin a watan Satumbar 2011. Tambayoyi Barazanar muhalli Tafkin yana daya daga cikin filayen Indiya 98 da aka sanya a matsayin shafin Ramsar. Koyaya, yana fuskantar barazanar muhalli ciki har da jujjuyawar manyan sassan wuraren tafkin zuwa ƙasar noma, gurɓataccen daga taki da sharar dabbobi, farautar tsuntsaye na ruwa da tsuntsaye masu ƙaura, da kuma ciyawa a cikin tafkin kanta. Rashin lalacewar tafkin Kogin Wular Lake, daya daga cikin manyan tabkuna na ruwa mai laushi a Kudancin Asiya, yanzu sun cika da sharar gida. Sharar ta taru a gefen tafkin da kuma cikin ruwa, ta jefa kifi da tsire-tsire na tafkin cikin haɗari. Sassan tafkin sun zama marasa zurfi, kuma wuraren da suka kasance ruwa mai budewa yanzu an rufe su da laka da shara. Wannan tarin sharar gida da laka ya sa tafkin ya fi karami kuma ya fi zurfi. Karewa Don nuna godiya ga dabi'un halittu, ruwa, da zamantakewar tattalin arziki, an haɗa tafkin a cikin 1986 a matsayin Wetland na Muhimmancin Kasa a ƙarƙashin Shirin Wetlands na Ma'aikatar Muhalli da dazuzzuka, Gwamnatin Indiya, don dalilai masu mahimmanci na kiyayewa da gudanarwa. Daga baya, a cikin 1990, an sanya shi a matsayin Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar . A kan Yarjejeniyar Ramsar, ana amfani da yankin tafkin don zubar da shara. Maidowa Daga cikin sauran abubuwan da suka faru, za a yanke bishiyoyi miliyan biyu don dawo da Wular Lake a karkashin Shirin Kula da Tafkin Kasa. Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Indiya ta amince da Rs biliyan 4 don aikin sabunta tafkin wanda zai dauki shekaru 5 zuwa 10, kuma an shirya shi, bayan jinkiri mai tsawo, don farawa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011. Kungiyar abokin tarayya, Kungiyar Masu ba da gudummawa ta Kudancin Asiya (SAVE), shiri ne na hadin gwiwa na mutane don kare muhalli da kiyaye yanayi a Wular Lake . Shirin Tulbul Lock Aikin Tulbul Lock (Tulbul Barrage), wani gini ne da ba a gina ba wanda aka gina a ƙarƙashin "tsarin kulle matakin makulli na makulli da ruwa" a bakin tafkin Wular, wanda aka tsara shi don ya zama tsawon ƙafa 439 (mita 134) da faɗin ƙafa 40 (mita 12) tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin ajiya na ƙafa 300,000 na eka (370×10^6 m3). Aikin yana da nufin daidaita sakin ruwa daga ajiyar ruwa a cikin tafkin don kiyaye mafi ƙarancin iska na ƙafa 4.5 (mita 1.4) a cikin kogin har zuwa Baramulla a lokacin hunturu mai laushi. Ruwan da ke kwarara zuwa cikin Tafkin Wular yana ƙaruwa daga Kogin Kishanganga ta hanyar Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Kishanganga bayan samar da wutar lantarki. Sauran tabkuna, irin su Tafkin Manasbal, Tafkin Anchar, Tafkin Dal, da dai sauransu, waɗanda ba su kan kogin Jhelum Main ba, ana iya amfani da su kamar Wular Lake don adana ruwan ambaliyar ruwa don kare ambaliyar a yankunan da ke ƙasa, samar da wutar lantarki, kewayawa a duk shekara, ban ruwa, amfani da birni da masana'antu. Tarihi An yi aikin ne a farkon shekarun 1980, kuma aikin ya fara ne a shekarar 1984. Matsakaicin shigarwa na shekara-shekara ko fitarwa daga tafkin kusan kusan cubic mita biliyan 7. 1987-2025: An dakatar da aiki saboda takaddamar IWT Akwai takaddama tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan kan Aikin Tulbul tsakanin 1987 da 2025 (lokacin da Indiya ta dakatar da IWT). A shekarar 1987, lokacin da Pakistan ta yi adawa da aikin gina Tulbul ta hanyar cewa ta karya yarjejeniyar ruwa ta Indus ta 1960 (IWT), Indiya ta dakatar da aikin ginin a wannan shekarar, amma tun daga lokacin ta yi ƙoƙarin sake fara ginin. Kogin Jhelum da ke ratsa kwarin Kashmir da ke ƙarƙashin Tafkin Wular, wanda tafki ne mai haɗawa kamar yadda IWT ta tanada, yana ba da muhimmiyar hanyar sufuri ga kayayyaki da mutane. Don ci gaba da kewayawa a duk shekara, ana buƙatar ƙaramin zurfin ruwa. Indiya ta yi iƙirarin cewa Aikin Tulbul ya halatta bisa ga sakin layi na 7 (c) da 9 na Annexure E, IWT, yayin da Pakistan ta dage cewa aikin ya saba wa yarjejeniyar idan ajiyar ya wuce eka 10,000 (12×10^6 m3) don dalilan da ba na samar da wutar lantarki ba. Indiya tana riƙe da matsayin cewa dakatar da aiki ya cutar da bukatun mutanen Jammu da Kashmir kuma ya hana ban ruwa da fa'idodin wutar lantarki ga mutanen Pakistan waɗanda zasu iya tarawa daga sakin ruwa. A cikin 2025, Indiya ta sanya IWT a cikin bayance wanda Pakistan ke toshe ginin Wular Barrage, don haka ya shirya hanyar ga Indiya don farfado da aikin ginin Wular barrage. 2025: An farfado da aikin A cikin 2025, Indiya ta dakatar da IWT, kuma ta yanke shawarar hanzarta aikin a kan aikin Tulbul, gina sabon Ratle="Indira Gandhi Canal">CRBS (tsawon kilomita 200 Chenab-Ravi-Beas-Sutlej Link Canal tare da ramuka 12 don haɗa kogin Chenab, Ravi, Beas, da Sutlej don kawo ruwan su zuwa Indira Gandhi Canal a Harike Barrage), aiki kan kara karfin manyan madatsun ruwa a cikin Indus (kamar Uri, Dulhasti, Salal, Baglihar, Nimu Bajgo, da Chutak, da kuma babban madatsun, da kuma Chal, a kan sabon madatsun daji) da kuma a kan Bayani Za a kara karfin ajiyar tafkin ta hanyar IWT zuwa ƙafa 300,000 acre ko fiye, har zuwa 1580 m MSL, ta hanyar la'akari da shi azaman tafki don tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa (RoR), ta hanyar yin la'akari le tashar wutar wutar lantarki mai ƙanƙanta (kusan mita 8 da aka kiyasta kai). Matsayin kogin da ke cikin zurfi a yatsan madatsar ruwan zai kasance ƙasa da 1,570 metres (5,151 ft) MSL don kwararar cusecs 4,000. Fa'idodi Aikin yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa. Gina tashar wutar lantarki ta RoR tare da isasshen ƙofofin ƙofa zai kuma kwashe turɓaya daga yankin tafkin don adana tafkin. Tafkin da aka faɗaɗa zai kuma cika buƙatun kewayawa a ƙarƙashin ruwa gaba ɗaya a lokacin lokacin ƙuƙwalwar ruwa. Tsarin ajiyar ruwa / ƙarin caji a cikin tafkin Wular zai inganta samar da wutar lantarki daga Lower Jhelum (105 MW), Uri (720 MW), ya ba da shawarar 1124 MW Kohala (a cikin PaK), ya ba le shawarar 720 MW Azad Pattan (a cikin paK), 590-MW Mahl hydropower project (a cikin ፓK), kuma ya ba da shawara 720 MW Karot (a cikinPaKistan) RoR hydel projects, kodayake ƙarni na tashar wutar lantarki ba ta da yawa. Matsayi na yanzu 2025 Yuni: A cikin mahallin Indiya da ke sanya IWT a cikin jinkiri, Indiya tana shirya DPR da aka sake sabuntawa don gina madatsar Tulbul. Dubi kuma Janar Dams a kan kogin Jhelum Hathlangoo, ƙauyen da ke kusa da 2014 ambaliyar Indiya da Pakistan Dams a kan kogin Jhelum Hathlangoo, ƙauyen da ke kusa Ruwan ruwa na Indiya da Pakistan na 2014 Sauran tabkuna a cikin J&K Anchar Lake Dal Lake Gangbal Lake Khanpursar Manasbal Lake Tafkin Anchar Tafkin Dal Tafkin Gangbal Khanpursar Tafkin Manasbal Manazarta Ƙarin karantawa Wetlands International, 2007. Shirin Gudanarwa na Cikakken Gudanarwa don Wular Lake, Kashmir. jkwildlife.org. Samfuri:Kashmir Valley